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+{

+ "cells": [

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "#6(B): Superconductivity"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 6.2, Page number 6.55"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 1,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "critical field is 33.64 *10**3 ampere/m\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "H0=64*10**3;    #initial field(ampere/m)\n",

+    "T=5;    #temperature(K)\n",

+    "Tc=7.26;   #transition temperature(K)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculation\n",

+    "H=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2);     #critical field(ampere/m)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"critical field is\",round(H/10**3,2),\"*10**3 ampere/m\""

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 6.3, Page number 6.56"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 4,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "Frequency of generated microwaves= 483.0 *10**9 Hz\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "e=1.6*10**-19\n",

+    "V=1*10\n",

+    "h=6.625*10**-34\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculations\n",

+    "v=(2*e*V**-3)/h \n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print\"Frequency of generated microwaves=\",round(v/10**9),\"*10**9 Hz\"\n"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 6.4, Page number 6.56"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 2,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "Number of electrons per unit volume = 3.7 *10**28/m**3\n",

+      "Effective mass of electron 'm*' = 17.3 *10*-31 kg\n",

+      "Penetration depth = 3.81011659367 Angstroms\n",

+      "#The answer given in the text book is wrong\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "d=7300                  #density in (kg/m**3)\n",

+    "N=6.02*10**26           #Avagadro Number\n",

+    "A=118.7                 #Atomic Weight\n",

+    "E=1.9                 #Effective mass\n",

+    "e=1.6*10**-19\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculations\n",

+    "n=(d*N)/A\n",

+    "m=E*9.1*10**-31\n",

+    "x=4*math.pi*10**-7*n*e**2\n",

+    "lamda_L=math.sqrt(m/x)\n",

+    "      \n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print \"Number of electrons per unit volume =\",round(n/10**28,1),\"*10**28/m**3\"\n",

+    "print\"Effective mass of electron 'm*' =\",round(m*10**31,1),\"*10*-31 kg\"\n",

+    "print\"Penetration depth =\",lamda_L*10**8,\"Angstroms\"\n",

+    "print\"#The answer given in the text book is wrong\""

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": true

+   },

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 6.5, Page number 6.56"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 18,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "Tc = 7.0969 K\n",

+      "lamda0= 39.0 nm\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "lamda_L1=39.6*10**-9\n",

+    "lamda_L2=173*10**-9\n",

+    "T1=7.1\n",

+    "T2=3\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculations\n",

+    "x=(lamda_L1/lamda_L2)**2\n",

+    "Tc4=(T1**4)-((T2**4)*x)/(1-x)\n",

+    "Tc=(Tc4)**(1/4)\n",

+    "print\"Tc =\",round(Tc,4),\"K\"\n",

+    "print\"lamda0=\",round((math.sqrt(1-(T2/Tc)**4)*lamda_L1)*10**9),\"nm\""

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 6.6, Page number 6.57"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 24,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "Hc = 4.2759 *10**4\n",

+      "Critical current density,Jc = 1.71 *10**8 ampere/metre**2\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "H0=6.5*10**4           #(ampere/metre)\n",

+    "T=4.2                  #K\n",

+    "Tc=7.18                #K\n",

+    "r=0.5*10**-3\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculations\n",

+    "Hc=H0*(1-(T/Tc)**2)\n",

+    "Ic=(2*math.pi*r)*Hc\n",

+    "A=math.pi*r**2\n",

+    "Jc=Ic/A                #Critical current density\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print\"Hc =\",round(Hc/10**4,4),\"*10**4\"\n",

+    "print \"Critical current density,Jc =\",round(Jc/10**8,2),\"*10**8 ampere/metre**2\"\n"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "markdown",

+   "metadata": {},

+   "source": [

+    "##Example number 6.7, Page number 6.57"

+   ]

+  },

+  {

+   "cell_type": "code",

+   "execution_count": 26,

+   "metadata": {

+    "collapsed": false

+   },

+   "outputs": [

+    {

+     "name": "stdout",

+     "output_type": "stream",

+     "text": [

+      "New critical temperature for mercury = 4.145 K\n"

+     ]

+    }

+   ],

+   "source": [

+    "#importing modules\n",

+    "import math\n",

+    "from __future__ import division\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Variable declaration\n",

+    "Tc1=4.185\n",

+    "M1=199.5\n",

+    "M2=203.4\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Calculations\n",

+    "Tc2=Tc1*(M1/M2)**(1/2)\n",

+    "\n",

+    "#Result\n",

+    "print\"New critical temperature for mercury =\",round(Tc2,3),\"K\""

+   ]

+  }

+ ],

+ "metadata": {

+  "kernelspec": {

+   "display_name": "Python 2",

+   "language": "python",

+   "name": "python2"

+  },

+  "language_info": {

+   "codemirror_mode": {

+    "name": "ipython",

+    "version": 2

+   },

+   "file_extension": ".py",

+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",

+   "name": "python",

+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",

+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",

+   "version": "2.7.9"

+  }

+ },

+ "nbformat": 4,

+ "nbformat_minor": 0

+}