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| author | Thomas Stephen Lee | 2015-08-28 16:53:23 +0530 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Thomas Stephen Lee | 2015-08-28 16:53:23 +0530 |
| commit | 4a1f703f1c1808d390ebf80e80659fe161f69fab (patch) | |
| tree | 31b43ae8895599f2d13cf19395d84164463615d9 /APPLIED_PHYSICS_by_M,_ARUMUGAM/Chapter_6a_1.ipynb | |
| parent | 9d260e6fae7328d816a514130b691fbd0e9ef81d (diff) | |
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diff --git a/APPLIED_PHYSICS_by_M,_ARUMUGAM/Chapter_6a_1.ipynb b/APPLIED_PHYSICS_by_M,_ARUMUGAM/Chapter_6a_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ad04957e --- /dev/null +++ b/APPLIED_PHYSICS_by_M,_ARUMUGAM/Chapter_6a_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,774 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "#6(A): Semiconductors"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.1, Page number 6.21"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 39,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "number of electron hole pairs is 2.32 *10**16 per cubic metre\n",
+ "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ni1=2.5*10**19; #number of electron hole pairs\n",
+ "T1=300; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "Eg1=0.72*1.6*10**-19; #energy gap(J)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n",
+ "T2=310; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "Eg2=1.12*1.6*10**-19; #energy gap(J)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "x1=-Eg1/(2*k*T1);\n",
+ "y1=(T1**(3/2))*math.exp(x1);\n",
+ "x2=-Eg2/(2*k*T2);\n",
+ "y2=(T2**(3/2))*math.exp(x2);\n",
+ "ni=ni1*(y2/y1); #number of electron hole pairs\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"number of electron hole pairs is\",round(ni/10**16,2),\"*10**16 per cubic metre\"\n",
+ "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.2, Page number 6.22"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 41,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "intrinsic conductivity is 1.434 *10**4 ohm-1 m-1\n",
+ "intrinsic resistivity is 0.697 *10**-4 ohm m\n",
+ "answer varies due to rounding off errors\n",
+ "number of germanium atoms per m**3 is 4.5 *10**28\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "w=72.6; #atomic weight\n",
+ "d=5400; #density(kg/m**3)\n",
+ "Na=6.025*10**26; #avagadro number\n",
+ "mew_e=0.4; #mobility of electron(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "mew_h=0.2; #mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+ "m=9.108*10**-31; #mass(kg)\n",
+ "ni=2.1*10**19; #number of electron hole pairs\n",
+ "Eg=0.7; #band gap(eV)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n",
+ "h=6.625*10**-34; #plancks constant\n",
+ "T=300; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "sigmab=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h); #intrinsic conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "rhob=1/sigmab; #resistivity(ohm m)\n",
+ "n=Na*d/w; #number of germanium atoms per m**3\n",
+ "p=n/10**5; #boron density\n",
+ "sigma=p*e*mew_h;\n",
+ "rho=1/sigma;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"intrinsic conductivity is\",round(sigma/10**4,3),\"*10**4 ohm-1 m-1\"\n",
+ "print \"intrinsic resistivity is\",round(rho*10**4,3),\"*10**-4 ohm m\"\n",
+ "print \"answer varies due to rounding off errors\"\n",
+ "print \"number of germanium atoms per m**3 is\",round(n/10**28,1),\"*10**28\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.3, Page number 6.23"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 44,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "charge carrier density is 2 *10**22 per m**3\n",
+ "electron mobility is 0.035 m**2/Vs\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+ "RH=3.66*10**-4; #hall coefficient(m**3/coulomb)\n",
+ "sigma=112; #conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "ne=3*math.pi/(8*RH*e); #charge carrier density(per m**3)\n",
+ "mew_e=sigma/(e*ne); #electron mobility(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"charge carrier density is\",int(ne/10**22),\"*10**22 per m**3\"\n",
+ "print \"electron mobility is\",round(mew_e,3),\"m**2/Vs\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.4, Page number 6.24"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 45,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "intrinsic conductivity is 0.432 *10**-3 ohm-1 m-1 10.4\n",
+ "conductivity during donor impurity is 10.4 ohm-1 m-1\n",
+ "conductivity during acceptor impurity is 4 ohm-1 m-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "mew_e=0.13; #mobility of electron(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "mew_h=0.05; #mobility of holes(m**2/Vs)\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+ "ni=1.5*10**16; #number of electron hole pairs\n",
+ "N=5*10**28;\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "sigma1=ni*e*(mew_e+mew_h); #intrinsic conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "ND=N/10**8;\n",
+ "n=ni**2/ND;\n",
+ "sigma2=ND*e*mew_e; #conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "sigma3=ND*e*mew_h; #conductivity(ohm-1 m-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"intrinsic conductivity is\",round(sigma1*10**3,3),\"*10**-3 ohm-1 m-1\",sigma2\n",
+ "print \"conductivity during donor impurity is\",sigma2,\"ohm-1 m-1\"\n",
+ "print \"conductivity during acceptor impurity is\",int(sigma3),\"ohm-1 m-1\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.5, Page number 6.24"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 50,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "conductivity is 4.97 mho m-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19;\n",
+ "Eg=0.72; #band gap(eV)\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23; #boltzmann constant\n",
+ "T1=293; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "T2=313; #temperature(K)\n",
+ "sigma1=2; #conductivity(mho m-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "x=(Eg*e/(2*k))*((1/T1)-(1/T2));\n",
+ "y=round(x/2.303,3);\n",
+ "z=round(math.log10(sigma1),3);\n",
+ "log_sigma2=y+z;\n",
+ "sigma2=10**log_sigma2; #conductivity(mho m-1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print \"conductivity is\",round(sigma2,2),\"mho m-1\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.6, Page number 6.25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 12,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "a)Concentration in N-type\n",
+ "n = 1.442 *10**24 m**-3\n",
+ "Hence p = 1.56 *10**8 m**-3\n",
+ "b)Concentration in P-type\n",
+ "p = 3.75 *10**24 m**-3\n",
+ "Hence n = 0.6 *10**8 m**-3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ni=1.5*10**16\n",
+ "mu_n=1300*10**-4\n",
+ "mu_p=500*10**-4\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "sigma=3*10**4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "#Concentration in N-type\n",
+ "n1=sigma/(e*mu_n)\n",
+ "p1=ni**2/n1\n",
+ "#Concentration in P-type\n",
+ "p=sigma/(e*mu_p)\n",
+ "n2=(ni**2)/p\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"a)Concentration in N-type\"\n",
+ "print\"n =\",round(n1*10**-24,3),\"*10**24 m**-3\"\n",
+ "print\"Hence p =\",round(p1/10**8,2),\"*10**8 m**-3\"\n",
+ "print\"b)Concentration in P-type\"\n",
+ "print\"p =\",round(p/10**24,2),\"*10**24 m**-3\"\n",
+ "print\"Hence n =\",round(n2/10**8,1),\"*10**8 m**-3\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.7, Page number 6.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 18,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Jx = 1000.0 ampere/m**2\n",
+ "Ey = 0.183 V/m\n",
+ "Vy = 1.83 mV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "i=10**-2\n",
+ "A=0.01*0.001\n",
+ "RH=3.66*10**-4\n",
+ "Bz=0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Jx=i/A\n",
+ "Ey=RH*(Bz*Jx)\n",
+ "Vy=Ey*0.01\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Jx =\",Jx,\"ampere/m**2\"\n",
+ "print\"Ey =\",round(Ey,3),\"V/m\"\n",
+ "print\"Vy =\",round(Vy*10**3,2),\"mV\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.8, Page number 6.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 26,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Position of fermi level = 0.5764 eV\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Ev=0\n",
+ "Ec=1.12\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23\n",
+ "T=300\n",
+ "mh=0.28\n",
+ "mc=0.12\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Ef=((Ec+Ev)/2)+((3*k*T)/(4*e))*math.log(mh/mc)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Position of fermi level =\",round(Ef,4),\"eV\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.9, Page number 6.26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Conductivity of intrinsic germanium at 300K = 2.24 ohm**-1 m**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ni=2.5*10**19\n",
+ "mu_e=0.38\n",
+ "mu_h=0.18\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "sigmai=ni*e*(mu_e+mu_h)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Conductivity of intrinsic germanium at 300K =\",round(sigmai,2),\"ohm**-1 m**-1\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.10, Page number 6.27"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 39,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Conductivity = 1.1593 *10**-3 ohm**-1 m**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "m=9.1*10**-31\n",
+ "k=1.38*10**-23\n",
+ "T=300\n",
+ "h=6.626*10**-34\n",
+ "Eg=1.1\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "mu_e=0.48\n",
+ "mu_h=0.013\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ni=2*((2*math.pi*m*k*T)/h**2)**(3/2)*math.exp(-(Eg*e)/(2*k*T))\n",
+ "sigma=ni*e*(mu_e+mu_h)\n",
+ " \n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Conductivity =\",round(sigma*10**3,4),\"*10**-3 ohm**-1 m**-1\" "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.11, Page number 6.27"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "p = 2.0 *10**23 m**-3\n",
+ "The electron concentration is given by n = 2.0 *10**9 m**-3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Na=5*10**23\n",
+ "Nd=3*10**23\n",
+ "ni=2*10**16\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "p=((Na-Nd)+(Na-Nd))/2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"p =\",p*10**-23,\"*10**23 m**-3\"\n",
+ "print\"The electron concentration is given by n =\",ni**2/p*10**-9,\"*10**9 m**-3\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.12, Page number 6.28"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 43,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Rh = 3.7 *10**-6 C**-1 m**3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vh=37*10**-6\n",
+ "thick=1*10**-3\n",
+ "width=5\n",
+ "Iy=20*10**-3\n",
+ "Bz=0.5\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Rh=(Vh*width*thick)/(width*Iy*Bz)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Rh =\",round(Rh*10**6,1),\"*10**-6 C**-1 m**3\"\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.13, Page number 6.28"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 46,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Dn = 33.54 cm**2 s**-1\n",
+ "Dp = 12.9 cm**2 s**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "Vt=0.0258\n",
+ "mu_n=1300\n",
+ "mu_p=500\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "Dn=Vt*mu_n\n",
+ "Dp=Vt*mu_p\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"Dn =\",Dn,\"cm**2 s**-1\"\n",
+ "print\"Dp =\",Dp,\"cm**2 s**-1\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.14, Page number 6.29"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 63,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The hole concentration 'p' = 1.125 *10**13 /m**3\n",
+ "'n'= Nd = 2.0 *10**19\n",
+ "Electrical Conductivity = 0.384 ohm**-1 m**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "ni=1.5*10**16\n",
+ "Nd=2*10**19\n",
+ "e=1.602*100**-19\n",
+ "mu_n=0.12\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "p=ni**2/Nd\n",
+ "E_c=e*Nd*mu_n\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"The hole concentration 'p' =\",round(p*10**-13,3),\"*10**13 /m**3\"\n",
+ "print\"'n'= Nd =\",round(Nd*10**-19),\"*10**19\"\n",
+ "print\"Electrical Conductivity =\",round(E_c*10**19,3),\"ohm**-1 m**-1\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.15, Page number 6.29"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 37,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "mu_p= 1389.0 cm**2/V-s\n",
+ "n= 6.0355 *10**13/cm**3\n",
+ "p= 1.0355 *10**13/cm**3\n",
+ "J= 582.5 A/m**2\n",
+ "#Answer varies due to rounding of numbers\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "N=1/60\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "ni=2.5*10**13\n",
+ "b=5*10**13\n",
+ "E=2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "n=(b+math.sqrt(2*b**2))/2\n",
+ "mu_p=N/(3*e*ni)\n",
+ "mu_i=2*mu_p\n",
+ "np=ni**2\n",
+ "p=(ni**2)/n\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "E=2\n",
+ "J=(e*E)*((n*mu_i)+(p*mu_p))\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "print\"mu_p=\",round(mu_p),\"cm**2/V-s\"\n",
+ "print\"n=\",round(n/10**13,4),\"*10**13/cm**3\"\n",
+ "print\"p=\",round(p*10**-13,4),\"*10**13/cm**3\"\n",
+ "print\"J=\",round(J*10**4,1),\"A/m**2\"\n",
+ "print\"#Answer varies due to rounding of numbers\""
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "##Example number 6.16, Page number 6.30"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "ni = 2.293 *10**19 /m**3\n",
+ "Drift velocity of holes 1900.0 ms**-1\n",
+ "Drift velocity of electrons= 3900.0 ms**-1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "#importing modules\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "from __future__ import division\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Variable declaration\n",
+ "rho=47*10**-2\n",
+ "e=1.6*10**-19\n",
+ "mu_n=0.39\n",
+ "mu_p=0.19\n",
+ "E=10**4\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculations\n",
+ "ni=1/(rho*e*(mu_n+mu_p))\n",
+ "Dh=mu_p*E\n",
+ "De=mu_n*E\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Results\n",
+ "print\"ni =\",round(ni/10**19,3),\"*10**19 /m**3\"\n",
+ "print\"Drift velocity of holes\",Dh,\"ms**-1\"\n",
+ "print\"Drift velocity of electrons=\",De,\"ms**-1\""
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 2",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python2"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 2
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython2",
+ "version": "2.7.9"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
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