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| author | Trupti Kini | 2016-03-15 23:30:32 +0600 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Trupti Kini | 2016-03-15 23:30:32 +0600 |
| commit | f41fe1567ea73d4876295d3f7b412b4f312cf9f8 (patch) | |
| tree | 846ba526b51b35bde09b1fb0bf90fdc9cbdca0a1 | |
| parent | 75abca176b23eb96dcda428bd08e893cc73ee21a (diff) | |
| download | Python-Textbook-Companions-f41fe1567ea73d4876295d3f7b412b4f312cf9f8.tar.gz Python-Textbook-Companions-f41fe1567ea73d4876295d3f7b412b4f312cf9f8.tar.bz2 Python-Textbook-Companions-f41fe1567ea73d4876295d3f7b412b4f312cf9f8.zip | |
Added(A)/Deleted(D) following books
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter25_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter26_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter27_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter28_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter29_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter30_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter31_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter32_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter33_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter34_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter35_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter36_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter37_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter38_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter39_1.ipynb
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example32_1.png
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example33_1.png
A A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter32example30_1.png
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter2_3.ipynb
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter3_3.ipynb
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter4_3.ipynb
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter5_3.ipynb
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter6_3.ipynb
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter7_3.ipynb
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter8_3.ipynb
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(50)_1.png
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(51)_1.png
A Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(52)_1.png
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch3.ipynb"
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch4.ipynb"
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch5.ipynb"
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch6.ipynb"
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch7.ipynb"
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch8.ipynb"
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch9.ipynb"
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/screenshots/3.png"
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/screenshots/5.png"
A "_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering\t_by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/screenshots/9.png"
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_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter32example30_1.png?id=f41fe1567ea73d4876295d3f7b412b4f312cf9f8){kind=link}
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38 files changed, 32407 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter25_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter25_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..884c7e96 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter25_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,173 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:0a9697b2451ba5bc5f24eb67c66ef466539d8d3c214c7c35bb64d3c339daf3f9" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 25: Elements of Electro-Mechanical Energy Conversion" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.1, Page Number:876" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "sod=15#stator-core outer diameter\n", + "sid=10.05#stator-core inner diameter\n", + "rod=10.00#rotor-core outer diameter\n", + "rid=5#rotor-core inner diameter\n", + "a=8#axial lenght of the machine\n", + "b=1.20\n", + "ur=1000\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vs=(3.14/4)*((sod*sod)-(sid*sid))*a#volume of stator-core\n", + "vr=(3.14/4)*((rod*rod)-(rid*rid))*a#volume of rotor-core\n", + "va=(3.14/4)*((sid*sid)-(rod*rod))*a#volume of air-gap in the machine\n", + "ed=(.5*b*b)/(4*3.14*math.pow(10,-7))\n", + "e=ed*va*math.pow(10,-6)\n", + "edm=(.5*b*b)/(4*3.14*math.pow(10,-7)*ur)\n", + "es=edm*vs*math.pow(10,-6)\n", + "er=edm*vr*math.pow(10,-6)\n", + "kr=(vs+vr)/vs\n", + "ke=(es+er)/e\n", + "ratio=kr/ke\n", + "eratio=e/(es+er)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Energy stored in air gap= \",e,\" Joules\"\n", + "print \"Energy stored in stator-core= \",round(es,2),\" Joules\"\n", + "print \"Energy stored in rotor core= \",er,\" Joules\"\n", + "print \"Ratio of energy dtored in air-gap to that stored in the cores=\",round(eratio)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Energy stored in air gap= 3.609 Joules\n", + "Energy stored in stator-core= 0.45 Joules\n", + "Energy stored in rotor core= 0.27 Joules\n", + "Ratio of energy dtored in air-gap to that stored in the cores= 5.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.2, Page Number:877" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=800#turns\n", + "area=5*5#cross sectional area\n", + "i=1.25#amp\n", + "x=0.25#cm\n", + "l=0.402\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p=4*3.14*10**(-7)*area*10**(-4)/(0.5*10**(-2))\n", + "l=n**2*p\n", + "em=.5*i*i*l\n", + "W=-1*0.5*n**2*4*3.14*10**(-7)*area*10**(-4)*i**2/(0.5*10**(-2))**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)i)coil inductance=\",l,\"H\"\n", + "print \" ii)field energy stored=\",em,\"J\"\n", + "print \"b)mechanical energy output=\",W,\"NW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)i)coil inductance= 0.40192 H\n", + " ii)field energy stored= 0.314 J\n", + "b)mechanical energy output= -62.8 NW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 25.4, Page Number:882" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "lo=50#mH\n", + "xo=0.05#cm\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "x=0.075#cm\n", + "i2=3#A\n", + "x2=0.15#cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "l1=2*lo/(1+(x/xo))\n", + "lambda1=l1*i2*10**(-3)\n", + "W=0.5*l1*i2**2*10**(-3)\n", + "l2=2*lo/(1+(x2/xo))\n", + "lambda2=l2*i2*10**(-3)\n", + "w2=0.5*i2*(lambda1-lambda2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)magnetic stored energy=\",W,\"J\"\n", + "print \"b)change in magnetic stored energy=\",w2,\"J\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)magnetic stored energy= 0.18 J\n", + "b)change in magnetic stored energy= 0.0675 J\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter26_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter26_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1af9bb80 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter26_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1600 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:fbc29937443ef7eae8e50df5118b16ddcc8ed6efb4b30db1cb412240bf7eac02" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 26: D.C. Generators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.3, Page Number:912" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=450#A\n", + "v=230#v\n", + "rs=50#ohm\n", + "ra=.03#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "va=ia*ra\n", + "E=v+va\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e.m.f. generated in the armature= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e.m.f. generated in the armature= 243.62 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.4, Page Number:913" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "v=500#v\n", + "rs=250#ohm\n", + "ra=.05#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.03#ohm\n", + "b=1#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "vs=ia*rseries\n", + "va=ia*ra\n", + "vb=ish*b\n", + "E=v+va+vs+vb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"generated voltage in the armature= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "generated voltage in the armature= 506.16 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.5, Page Number:913" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=30#A\n", + "v=220#v\n", + "rs=200#ohm\n", + "ra=.05#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.30#ohm\n", + "b=1#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vs=i*rseries\n", + "vshunt=v+vs\n", + "ish=vshunt/v\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "vb=b*2\n", + "E=v+vs+vb+(ia*ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"generated voltage in the armature= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "generated voltage in the armature= 232.552045455 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.6, Page Number:913" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": true, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#v\n", + "i=150.0#A\n", + "rs=92.0#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.015#ohm\n", + "rd=0.03#ohm(divertor)\n", + "ra=0.032#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "sdr=(rd*rseries)/(rd+rseries)\n", + "tr=ra+sdr\n", + "vd=ia*tr\n", + "Eg=v+vd\n", + "tp=Eg*ia\n", + "pl=(ia*ia*ra)+(ia*ia*sdr)+(v*ish)+(v*i)\n", + "\n", + "#resuts\n", + "print \"i) Induced e.m.f.= \",Eg,\" V\"\n", + "print \"ii)Total power generated= \",tp,\" W\"\n", + "print \"iii)Distribution of the total power:\"\n", + "print \" power lost in armature= \", ia*ia*ra\n", + "print \"power lost in series field and divider= \", ia*ia*sdr\n", + "print \"power dissipated in shunt winding= \", v*ish\n", + "print \"power delivered to load= \", v*i\n", + "print \" ------------\"\n", + "print \"Total= \", pl" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i) Induced e.m.f.= 236.405 V\n", + "ii)Total power generated= 36051.7625 W\n", + "iii)Distribution of the total power:\n", + " power lost in armature= 744.2\n", + "power lost in series field and divider= 232.5625\n", + "power dissipated in shunt winding= 575.0\n", + "power delivered to load= 34500.0\n", + " ------------\n", + "Total= 36051.7625\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.7, Page Number:914" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=300000.0#w\n", + "v=600.0#v\n", + "sr=75.0#ohm\n", + "abr=0.03#ohm\n", + "cr=0.011#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.012#ohm\n", + "dr=0.036#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "io=p/v#output current\n", + "ish=v/sr\n", + "ia=io+ish\n", + "sdr=(rseries*dr)/(rseries+dr)\n", + "tr=abr+cr+sdr\n", + "vd=ia*tr\n", + "va=v+vd\n", + "pg=va*ia\n", + "W=pg/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage generatedby the armature= \",va,\" V\"\n", + "print \"Power generated by the armature= \",W, \"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage generatedby the armature= 625.4 V\n", + "Power generated by the armature= 317.7032 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.8, Page Number:915" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "phi=7*math.pow(10,-3)\n", + "z=51*20\n", + "a=p=4\n", + "n=1500#r.p.m\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Eg=(phi*z*n*p)/(a*60)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage generated= \",Eg,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage generated= 178.5 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.9, Page Number:916" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=8\n", + "phi=0.05#Wb\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "N=500#armature conductor\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E=phi*(n/60)*(p/a)*N\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e.m.f generated= \",E,\" V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e.m.f generated= 500.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.10, Page Number:916" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=127#v\n", + "vt=120#v(terminal voltage)\n", + "r=15#ohms\n", + "i1=8.47#A\n", + "ra=0.02#ohms\n", + "fi=8#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Eg=v+(i1*ra)\n", + "ia=(Eg-vt)/ra\n", + "il=ia-fi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load current \",il,\" A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load current 350.47 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.11(a), Page Number:917" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "z=778\n", + "n=500\n", + "ra=0.24\n", + "rl=12.5\n", + "r=250\n", + "v=250\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=v/rl\n", + "si=v/r\n", + "ai=il+si\n", + "emf=v+(ai*ra)\n", + "phi=(emf*60*a)/(p*z*n)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current= \",ai,\" A\"\n", + "print \"induced e.m.f.= \",emf,\" V\"\n", + "print \"flux per pole= \",round(phi*1000,2),\" mWb\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 21.0 A\n", + "induced e.m.f.= 255.04 V\n", + "flux per pole= 9.83 mWb\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.11(b), Page Number:916" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "P=5000.0#w\n", + "P2=2500.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#v\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "r=250.0#ohm\n", + "z=120\n", + "N=1000#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "gc=P/v\n", + "li=P2/v\n", + "ti=gc+li\n", + "fc=1\n", + "ai=ti+fc\n", + "ard=ai*ra\n", + "emf=v+ard+2\n", + "phi=(emf*60*a)/(p*z*N)\n", + "ac_perparralelpath=ai/p\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Flux per pole= \",phi*1000,\" mWb\"\n", + "print \"Armature current per parallel path= \",ac_perparralelpath,\" A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Flux per pole= 129.1 mWb\n", + "Armature current per parallel path= 7.75 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.12, Page Number:918" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "v=125.0#V\n", + "n1=1000#rpm\n", + "n2=800#rpm\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "bd=2.0#V(brush drop)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "R=v/i\n", + "E1=v+(i*ra)+bd\n", + "E2=(E1*n2)/n1\n", + "il=(E2-bd)/0.675\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load current when speed drops to 800 r.p.m.= \",round(il,2),\" A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load current when speed drops to 800 r.p.m.= 157.04 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.13, Page Number:918" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=900 #rpm\n", + "V=220#V\n", + "E=240#V\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "phi=10#mWb\n", + "N=8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=(E-V)/ra\n", + "Z=(E*600*2)/(phi*math.pow(10,-3)*n*p)\n", + "#since there ae 8 turns in a coil,it means there are 16 active conductor\n", + "number_of_coils=Z/16\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current= \",ia,\" A\"\n", + "print \"number of coils= \",number_of_coils" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 100.0 A\n", + "number of coils= 500.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.14, Page Number:919" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=120.0#V\n", + "ra=0.06#ohm\n", + "rs=25#ohm\n", + "rsw=0.04#ohm(series winding)\n", + "il=100.0#A\n", + "#i)Long shunt\n", + "ish=V/rs\n", + "ia=il+ish\n", + "vd=ia*rsw\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "E=V+vd+vda\n", + "\n", + "print \"Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to long shunt= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"Armature current when the machine is connected to long shunt=\",ia,\" A\"\n", + "\n", + "#i)Short shunt\n", + "vds=il*rsw\n", + "vs=V+vds\n", + "ish=vs/rs\n", + "ia=il+ish\n", + "vd=ia*rsw\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "E=V+vd+vda\n", + "\n", + "print \"Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to short shunt= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"Armature current when the machine is connected to short shunt=\",ia,\" A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to long shunt= 130.48 V\n", + "Armature current when the machine is connected to long shunt= 104.8 A\n", + "Induced e.m.f. when the machine is connected to short shunt= 130.496 V\n", + "Armature current when the machine is connected to short shunt= 104.96 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.15, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=25000.0#W\n", + "V=500.0#V\n", + "ra=0.03#ohm\n", + "rs=200.0#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.04#ohm\n", + "vb=1.0#V\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "phi=0.02#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=p/V\n", + "ish=V/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "p=4\n", + "vds=ia*rseries\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "vdb=vb*2\n", + "E=V+vds+vda+vdb\n", + "Z=(E*60*4)/(phi*n*p)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"The e.m.f. generated= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"The number of conductors=\",Z" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The e.m.f. generated= 505.675 V\n", + "The number of conductors= 1264.1875\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.16, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "e=240.0#V\n", + "z=792\n", + "phi=0.0145#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi_working=(e*60*2)/(n*z*p)\n", + "lambda_=phi/phi_working\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"Leakage coefficient= \",round(lambda_,1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Leakage coefficient= 1.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.17, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "phi=0.07#Wb\n", + "t=220\n", + "rt=0.004#ohm\n", + "n=900#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=2*t\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "rtotal=t*rt\n", + "r_eachpath=rtotal/p\n", + "ra=r_eachpath/a\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "V=E-vda\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Terminal Voltage= \",V, \" V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Terminal Voltage= 459.25 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.18, Page Number:920" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "phi=0.07#Wb\n", + "t=220\n", + "rturn=0.004#ohm\n", + "rs=100.0#ohm\n", + "rsc=0.02#ohm\n", + "n=900#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=2*t\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "ra=0.055#ohm\n", + "ra=ra+rsc\n", + "va=ia*ra\n", + "v=E-va\n", + "ish=v/rs\n", + "i=ia-ish\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output= \",round(output/1000,3),\" kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output= 20.813 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.19, Page Number:921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=1200#rpm\n", + "ia=200#A\n", + "v=125#V\n", + "n2=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "vb=2#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E1=v+vb+(ia*ra)\n", + "E2=E1*n2/n1*0.8\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"Generated e.m.f. when field current is reduced to 80%=\",E2,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Generated e.m.f. when field current is reduced to 80%= 90.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.20(a), Page Number:921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "rs=100.0#ohm\n", + "ra=1.0#ohm\n", + "z=378\n", + "phi=0.02#Wb\n", + "rl=10.0#ohm\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "a=2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "V=(100.0/111.0)*E\n", + "il=V/rl\n", + "P=il*V\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Power absorbed by the load is= \",P,\" W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power absorbed by the load is= 5154.12710007 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.20(b), Page Number:921" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "z=300\n", + "phi=0.1#Wb\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.2#rpm\n", + "rf=125#ohm\n", + "il=90#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E=(phi*z*n*p)/(60*a)\n", + "ifield=E/rf\n", + "ia=ifield+il\n", + "V=E-(ia*ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Terminal voltage= \",V,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Terminal voltage= 481.2 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.21(a), Page Number:922" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "e=250.0#V\n", + "d=350.0#mm\n", + "air_gap=3.0#mm\n", + "al=260.0#mm\n", + "fringing=0.8\n", + "coils=96\n", + "t=3\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=t*coils*2\n", + "a=p*2\n", + "phi=(e*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "di=d+air_gap\n", + "pole_arc=(3.14*di*fringing)/6\n", + "B=phi/(pole_arc*0.000001*al)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole= \",phi,\" Wb\"\n", + "print \"effective pole arc lenght= \",pole_arc*0.001,\" m\"\n", + "print \"flux density= \",B,\" T\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 0.0434027777778 Wb\n", + "effective pole arc lenght= 0.147789333333 m\n", + "flux density= 1.12953862717 T\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 57 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.21(b), Page Number:922" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "z=1200\n", + "e=250.0#v\n", + "n=500#rpm\n", + "b=35.0#cm\n", + "ratio=0.7\n", + "lpole=20.0#cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pole_pitch=(b*3.14)/p\n", + "polearc=ratio*pole_pitch\n", + "pole_area=polearc*lpole\n", + "phi=(e*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "mean_flux=phi/(pole_area*math.pow(10,-4))\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Mean flux density= \",mean_flux,\" Wb/m2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Mean flux density= 0.649941505265 Wb/m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 67 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.21(d), Page Number:923" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "v=100.0#V\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.03#ohm\n", + "rs=60.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "va=v+(i*rseries)\n", + "ish=va/rs\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "e=va+(ia*ra)\n", + "\n", + "#long shunt\n", + "ishunt=v/rs\n", + "vd=ia*(ra+rseries)\n", + "e2=v+vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf generated(short shunt)\",e,\" V\"\n", + "print \"emf generated(long shunt)\",e2,\" V\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf generated(short shunt) 114.070666667 V\n", + "emf generated(long shunt) 114.123666667 V\n", + "\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 73 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.22, Page Number:923" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "w=20000.0#W\n", + "v=220.0#v\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "rs=110.0#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.05#ohm\n", + "efficiency=.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=w/v\n", + "i_f=v/rs\n", + "ia=il+i_f\n", + "ip=w/efficiency#input power\n", + "total_loss=ip-w\n", + "copper_loss=(ia*ia*(ra+rseries))+(i_f*i_f*rs)\n", + "ironloss=total_loss-copper_loss\n", + "omega=2*3.14*n/60\n", + "T=ip/omega\n", + "\n", + "#omega\n", + "print \"Copper loss= \",copper_loss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"Iron and friction loss= \",ironloss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"Torque developed by the prime mover= \",T,\"Nw-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Copper loss= 1216.88892562 W\n", + "Iron and friction loss= 2312.52283909 W\n", + "Torque developed by the prime mover= 224.803297115 Nw-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.23, Page Number:928" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declartaion\n", + "power=10000.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "p=a=6\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "z=534\n", + "cu_loss=0.64*1000#W\n", + "vbd=1.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=power/v\n", + "ra=cu_loss/(ia*ia)\n", + "E=v+(ia*ra)+vbd\n", + "phi=(E*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole= \",phi*1000,\" mWb\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 30.0 mWb\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.24(a), Page Number:928" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=195#A\n", + "pd=250#V\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "rsh=50#ohm\n", + "p=250#W\n", + "strayloss=950#W\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=pd/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "vda=ia*ra\n", + "E=pd+vda\n", + "cu_loss=(ia*ia*ra)+(pd*ish)\n", + "output_prime=(pd*i)+strayloss+cu_loss\n", + "power_a=output_prime-strayloss\n", + "neu_m=(power_a/output_prime)\n", + "neu_e=(pd*i)/((pd*i)+cu_loss)\n", + "neu_c=(pd*i)/output_prime\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)e.m.f. generated= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \" b)Cu losses= \",cu_loss,\" W\"\n", + "print \" c)output of prime mover= \",output_prime,\" W\"\n", + "print \" d)mechanical efficiency= \",neu_m*100,\" %\"\n", + "print \" electrical efficiency= \",neu_e*100,\" %\"\n", + "print \" commercial efficiency= \",neu_c*100,\" %\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)e.m.f. generated= 254.0 V\n", + " b)Cu losses= 2050.0 W\n", + " c)output of prime mover= 51750.0 W\n", + " d)mechanical efficiency= 98.1642512077 %\n", + " electrical efficiency= 95.9645669291 %\n", + " commercial efficiency= 94.2028985507 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.24(b), Page Number:929" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "il=40.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=v*il\n", + "total_loss=(v*i*0.5)+((il+i*0.5)*(il+i*0.5)*ra)+(v*i*0.5)\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Efficiency= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Efficiency= 87.8312542029 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 39 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.25, Page Number:929" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=196#A\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "stray_loss=720#W\n", + "rsh=55#ohm\n", + "e=0.88\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "inpute=output/e\n", + "total_loss=inpute-output\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "constant_loss=cu_loss+stray_loss\n", + "culoss_a=total_loss-constant_loss\n", + "ra=culoss_a/(ia*ia)\n", + "I=math.sqrt(constant_loss/ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Load curent corresponding to maximum efficiency\",I,\" A\" " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Load curent corresponding to maximum efficiency 122.283568103 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.26, Page Number:929" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "p=22*1000#w\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.05#ohm\n", + "rsh=110#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.06#ohm\n", + "efficiency=.88\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "I=p/v\n", + "ia=ish+I\n", + "vdseries=ia*rseries\n", + "cu_loss=(ia*ia*ra)+(ia*ia*rseries)+(rsh*ish*ish)\n", + "total_loss=(p/efficiency)-p\n", + "strayloss=total_loss-cu_loss\n", + "T=(p/efficiency*60)/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)cu losses= \",cu_loss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"b)iron and friction loss= \",strayloss,\" W\"\n", + "print \"c)Torque exerted by the prime mover= \",T,\" N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)cu losses= 1584.44 W\n", + "b)iron and friction loss= 1415.56 W\n", + "c)Torque exerted by the prime mover= 238.853503185 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.27, Page Number:930" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "r=10#ohm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rsh=50#ohm\n", + "vdb=1#V(voltage drop per brush)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=i*r\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "E=v+(ia*ra)+(2*vdb)\n", + "totalpower=E*ia\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "efficiency=output/totalpower\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced e.m.f.= \",E,\" V\"\n", + "print \"efficiency= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced e.m.f.= 214.0 V\n", + "efficiency= 77.8816199377 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.28, Page Number:930" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rseries=0.02#ohm\n", + "ri=0.025#ohm\n", + "rsh=100#ohm\n", + "ironloss=1000#W\n", + "frictionloss=500#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=v*i\n", + "totalra=ra+rseries+ri\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "copperloss=ia*ia*totalra\n", + "shculoss=ish*v\n", + "total_loss=copperloss+ironloss+frictionloss+shculoss\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"F.L. efficiency of the machine= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "F.L. efficiency of the machine= 87.3089843128 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.31, Page Number:931" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=10.0*1000#W\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "ra=0.6#ohm\n", + "rsh=160.0#ohm\n", + "mechcoreloss=500.0#W\n", + "culoss=360.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "i=output/v\n", + "ia=ish+i\n", + "culossa=ia*ia*ra\n", + "totalloss=culoss+mechcoreloss+culossa\n", + "inputp=output+totalloss\n", + "efficiency=output/inputp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Power required= \",inputp*0.001,\" kW\"\n", + "print \"efficinecy= \",efficiency*100,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power required= 11.9780166667 kW\n", + "efficinecy= 83.486275552 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.32, Page Number:932" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=110*1000#W\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.01#ohm\n", + "rse=0.002#ohm\n", + "rsh=110#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=p/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=il+ish\n", + "E=v+ia*(ra+rse)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced emf= \",E,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced emf= 226.024 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 26.33 Page Number:932" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "E=216.0#V\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "slots=144\n", + "con=6\n", + "n2=500.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=con*slots\n", + "a=p\n", + "phi=(E*60*a)/(n*z*p)\n", + "a=2\n", + "armatureE=(phi*z*n2*p)/(60*a)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the armature emf= \",armatureE,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the armature emf= 360.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter27_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter27_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..638b15f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter27_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,730 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:02f2208937b2d82cdc7150d6d9062a1310b3e2fcf2346b8c885c3f6fe2fe5405" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 27: Armature Reaction and Commutation" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.1, Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=722\n", + "ia=100.0#A\n", + "theta_m=8.0#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "atd_perpole=z*i*theta_m/360\n", + "atc_perpole=z*i*((1/(2.0*p))-(theta_m/360.0))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole\n", + "print \"cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization= 802.222222222\n", + "cross-magnetization= 3710.27777778\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.2, Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "z=1280\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "commuter=160\n", + "advanced_segments=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/8\n", + "theta_m=advanced_segments*360/commuter\n", + "atd_perpole=z*i*theta_m/360\n", + "atc_perpole=z*i*((1/(2.0*p))-(theta_m/360.0))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole\n", + "print \"cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization= 800.0\n", + "cross-magnetization= 1200.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.3(a), Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=880\n", + "ia=120.0#A\n", + "theta_m=3.0#degrees\n", + "n=1100#tturns/pole\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "atd_perpole=z*i*theta_m/360\n", + "atc_perpole=z*i*((1/(2.0*p))-(theta_m/360.0))\n", + "iadditional=(atd_perpole/n)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"b)cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"c)additional field current=\",iadditional,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)armature demagnetization= 440.0 AT\n", + "b)cross-magnetization= 6160.0 AT\n", + "c)additional field current= 0.4 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.3(b), Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=480\n", + "ia=150.0#A\n", + "theta_m=10.0*2#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculatons\n", + "i=ia/4\n", + "total=(z*i)/(2*p)\n", + "atd_perpole=total*(2*theta_m/180)\n", + "atc_perpole=total*(1-(2*theta_m/180))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization=\",atd_perpole\n", + "print \"cross-magnetization=\",atc_perpole" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization= 500.0\n", + "cross-magnetization= 1750.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.4, Page Number:944" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=492\n", + "theta_m=10.0\n", + "ia=143.0+10.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=ia/2#wave wound\n", + "i2=ia/4#lap wound\n", + "atd_perpole1=z*i1*theta_m/360#wave wound\n", + "extra_shunt1=atd_perpole1/theta_m\n", + "atd_perpole2=z*i2*(theta_m/360.0)#lap wound\n", + "extra_shunt2=atd_perpole2/theta_m\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"wave wound:\"\n", + "print \"demagnetization per pole=\",atd_perpole1,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"extra shunt field turns=\",int(extra_shunt1)\n", + "print \"lap wound:\"\n", + "print \"demagnetization per pole=\",atd_perpole2,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"extra shunt field turns=\",int(extra_shunt2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "wave wound:\n", + "demagnetization per pole= 1045.5 AT\n", + "extra shunt field turns= 104\n", + "lap wound:\n", + "demagnetization per pole= 522.75 AT\n", + "extra shunt field turns= 52\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.5, Page Number:944" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pole=4\n", + "p=50*1000.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "z=400\n", + "commuter=4\n", + "rsh=50.0#ohm\n", + "a=2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=p/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "segments=z/a\n", + "theta=pole*360.0/segments\n", + "atd=z*i*(theta/360)\n", + "extra=atd/ish\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"demagnetisation=\",atd,\"AT\"\n", + "print \"extra shunt turns/poles\",extra" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "demagnetisation= 820.0 AT\n", + "extra shunt turns/poles 164.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 35 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.6, Page Number:943" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=500\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "p=6\n", + "theta=10.0#degrees\n", + "lambda_=1.3\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "atc=((1/(2.0*p))-(theta/360.0))*z*i\n", + "atd=z*i*theta/360\n", + "extra=lambda_*atd/ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)cross magnetization ampere-turns=\",atc\n", + "print \"ii)back ampere-turns\",atd\n", + "print \"iii)series turns required to balance the demagnetising ampere turns\",int(extra)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)cross magnetization ampere-turns= 2777.77777778\n", + "ii)back ampere-turns 1388.88888889\n", + "iii)series turns required to balance the demagnetising ampere turns 9\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 45 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.7, Page Number:945" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=22.38#kW\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "pole=4\n", + "z=840\n", + "commutator=140\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "ish=1.8#A\n", + "back=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motor_input=p*1000.0/efficiency\n", + "input_i=motor_input/v\n", + "ia=input_i-ish\n", + "i=ia/2.0\n", + "theta=back*360/commutator\n", + "atd=z*i*(theta/360.0)\n", + "atc=((1/(2.0*pole))-(theta/360.0))*z*i\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature demagnetization amp-turns/pole=\",atd\n", + "print \"distorting amp-turns/pole=\",atc" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature demagnetization amp-turns/pole= 251.998140496\n", + "distorting amp-turns/pole= 2687.98016529\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.8, Page Number:945" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "ia=1000#A\n", + "p=10\n", + "z=860\n", + "per=0.7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=ia/p\n", + "at=per/p*z*(i/2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"AT/pole for compensation winding=\",at" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "AT/pole for compensation winding= 3010.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.9, Page Number:948" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=800.0#rpm\n", + "segment=123\n", + "wb=3\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=n/60.0*segment\n", + "commutation=wb/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"commutation time=\",commutation*1000,\"millisecond\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "commutation time= 1.82926829268 millisecond\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.10, Page Number:948" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "d=30#cm\n", + "ia=150#A\n", + "wb=1.25#cm\n", + "L=0.07*0.001#H\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=ia/2\n", + "v=3.14*d*(n/60)\n", + "tc=wb/v\n", + "E=L*2*i/tc\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"average emf=\",E,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "average emf= 19.782 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 65 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.11, Page Number:949" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "segments=55\n", + "n=900\n", + "wb=1.74\n", + "L=153*math.pow(10,-6)#H\n", + "i=27#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=segments*n/60\n", + "Tc=wb/v\n", + "E=L*2*i/Tc\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"average emf=\",E,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "average emf= 3.91732758621 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 67 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.12, Page Number:949" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "ia=150.0#A\n", + "z=64\n", + "wb=1.2\n", + "L=0.05#mH\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "L=L*0.001\n", + "v=n/60*z\n", + "tc=wb/v\n", + "i=ia/p\n", + "#i.linear\n", + "E1=L*2*i/tc\n", + "#ii.sinusoidal\n", + "E2=1.11*E1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Linear commutation,E=\",E1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Sinosoidal commutation,E=\",E2,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Linear commutation,E= 5.0 V\n", + "Sinosoidal commutation,E= 5.55 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 68 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.13, Page Number:951" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "B=0.5#Wb/m2\n", + "Ig=4.0#mm\n", + "ia=500.0#A\n", + "z=540\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "arm_mmf=z*(ia/p)/(2*p)\n", + "compole=int(B*Ig*0.001/(4*3.14*math.pow(10,-7)))\n", + "mag=0.1*compole\n", + "total_compole=int(compole+mag)\n", + "total_mmf=arm_mmf+total_compole\n", + "Ncp=total_mmf/ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Number of turns on each commutating pole=\",int(Ncp)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Number of turns on each commutating pole= 11\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 89 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.14, Page Number:957" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p1=100.0#kW\n", + "V1=250#V\n", + "p2=300.0#kW\n", + "V2=250#V\n", + "i1=200#A\n", + "i2=500#A\n", + "il=600#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "delI1=p1/(p1+p2)*il\n", + "delI2=p2/(p1+p2)*il\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current supplied by generator 1 with additional load=\",delI1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Current supplied by generator 2 with additional load=\",delI2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current supplied by generator 1 with additional load= 150.0 A\n", + "Current supplied by generator 2 with additional load= 450.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 92 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 27.23, Page Number:963" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "va=400#V\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "vb=410#V\n", + "rb=0.4#ohm\n", + "V=390#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "loada=(va-V)/ra\n", + "loadb=(vb-V)/rb\n", + "pa=loada*V\n", + "pb=loadb*V\n", + "net_v=vb-va\n", + "total_r=ra+rb\n", + "i=net_v/total_r\n", + "terminal_v=va+(i*ra)\n", + "power_AtoB=terminal_v*i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Voltage=\",terminal_v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Power=\",power_AtoB,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current= 15.3846153846 A\n", + "Voltage= 403.846153846 V\n", + "Power= 6213.01775148 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter28_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter28_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..447ef8ab --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter28_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,388 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:6743417a1c79c6197a7cd49755318e10828c09b3cb248c5af8d5364367840700" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 28: Generator Characteristics" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.13, Page Number:984" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "#emf increases by 1 V for every increase of 6 A\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "i=96#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "voltageincrease=i/6\n", + "vd=i*ra\n", + "voltage_rise=voltageincrease-vd\n", + "vconsumer=v+voltage_rise\n", + "power_supplied=voltage_rise*i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage supplied ot consumer= \",vconsumer,\" V\"\n", + "print \"power supplied by the booster itself= \",power_supplied/1000,\" kW\" " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage supplied ot consumer= 234.08 V\n", + "power supplied by the booster itself= 1.35168 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.14, Page Number:985" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=50.0#V\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "i1=200.0#A\n", + "i2=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vd=i*r\n", + "voltage_decrease=v-vd\n", + "feeder_drop=v*r\n", + "booster_voltage=v*v/i1\n", + "voltage_net=feeder_drop-booster_voltage\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Net decrease in voltage= \",voltage_net,\" V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Net decrease in voltage= 2.5 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.15, Page Number:986" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "inl=5.0#A\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "il=6.0#A\n", + "i_full=200.0#A(full load)\n", + "turns=1600\n", + "\n", + "#calcuations\n", + "shunt_turns1=turns*inl\n", + "shunt_turns2=turns*il\n", + "increase=shunt_turns2-shunt_turns1\n", + "n=increase/i_full#number of series turns required\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Number of series turns required= \",n,\" tunrs/pole\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Number of series turns required= 8.0 tunrs/pole\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.16, Page Number:987" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#turns/pole\n", + "series_winding=4#turns/pole\n", + "r=0.05#ohm\n", + "increase_i=0.2#A\n", + "ia=80#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "additional_at=n*increase_i\n", + "current_required=additional_at/series_winding\n", + "R=(current_required*r)/(ia-current_required)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Divertor resistance= \",R,\" ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Divertor resistance= 0.0833333333333 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.17, Page Number:987" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rsh=50.0#ohm\n", + "rse=0.06#ohm\n", + "divertor=0.14#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#short shunt\n", + "vd=i*rse\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "armature_drop=ia*ra\n", + "E=v+vd+armature_drop\n", + "#long shunt\n", + "vd=ia*(ra+rse)\n", + "print vd\n", + "E2=v+vd\n", + "current_divertor=(ia*divertor)/(divertor+rse)\n", + "change=(current_divertor/ia)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)emf induced using short shunt= \",E\n", + "print \"b)emf induced using long shunt= \",E2\n", + "print \"c)series amp-turns are reduced to \",change,\" %\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "16.704\n", + "a)emf induced using short shunt= 236.44\n", + "b)emf induced using long shunt= 236.704\n", + "c)series amp-turns are reduced to 70.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.18, Page Number:988" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=250*1000#W\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "i=7#A\n", + "inl=12#A\n", + "shunt=650#turns/pole\n", + "series=4#turns/pole\n", + "rse=0.006#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i_fulload=p/v\n", + "shunt_increase=shunt*(inl-i)\n", + "ise=shunt_increase/series\n", + "i_d=i_fulload-ise\n", + "Rd=(ise*rse)/i_d\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"resistance of the series amp-turns at no-load\",Rd,\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of the series amp-turns at no-load 0.0212751091703 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.19, Page Number:988" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "p=60.0*1000#W\n", + "n=1600.0#turns/pole\n", + "inl=1.25#A\n", + "vnl=125#V\n", + "il=1.75#A\n", + "vl=150.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "extra_excitation=n*(il-inl)\n", + "ise=p/vl\n", + "series=extra_excitation/ise\n", + "ise2=extra_excitation/3\n", + "i_d=ise-ise2\n", + "rd=(ise2*0.02)/i_d\n", + "reg=(vnl-vl)*100/vl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)minimum number of series turns/pole= \",series\n", + "print \"ii)divertor resistance= \",rd\n", + "print \"iii)voltage regulation= \",reg,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)minimum number of series turns/pole= 2.0\n", + "ii)divertor resistance= 0.04\n", + "iii)voltage regulation= -16.6666666667 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 28.20, Page Number:989" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=50.0#v\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "i1=160.0#A\n", + "i2=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#160 A\n", + "vd=i1*(r-(v/i))\n", + "#50 A\n", + "vd2=i2*(r-(v/i))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage drop at 160 A=\",vd,\"V\"\n", + "print \"voltage drop at 50 A=\",vd2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage drop at 160 A= 8.0 V\n", + "voltage drop at 50 A= 2.5 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 33 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter29_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter29_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f3eda54f --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter29_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,2343 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:f1e5688d45c7bb285838d2aad7b4c0c08dc93f4afbba4c253d97655938545a41" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 29: D.C. Motor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.1, Page Number:999" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#as generator \n", + "eg=v+i*r\n", + "#as motor\n", + "eb=v-i*r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"as generator:eg=\",eg,\"V\"\n", + "print \"as motor:eb=\",eb,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "as generator:eg= 230.0 V\n", + "as motor:eb= 210.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.2, Page Number:999" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=Symbol('ia')\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "brush_drop=2#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n2=700#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "rl=v/i\n", + "eg1=v+i*r+brush_drop\n", + "eg2=eg1*n2/n\n", + "ia=solve(eg2-2-ia*r-2.5*ia,ia)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current delivered to the load=\",ia[0],\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current delivered to the load= 69.7692307692308 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.3, Page Number:999" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "ra=0.8#ohm\n", + "rf=200#ohm\n", + "output=7.46#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=output*1000/efficiency\n", + "im=output*1000/(efficiency*v)\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=im-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"back emf=\",eb,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "back emf= 425.642780749 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.4, Page Number:1000" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25#kW\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ra=0.06#ohm\n", + "rf=100#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#as generator\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "eb=v+ia*ra\n", + "power=eb*ia/1000\n", + "\n", + "print \"As generator: power=\",power,\"kW\"\n", + "\n", + "#as motor\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "power=eb*ia/1000\n", + "\n", + "print \"As generator: power=\",power,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "As generator: power= 26.12424 kW\n", + "As generator: power= 23.92376 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.5, Page Number:1000" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "z=32\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "i=12.0#A\n", + "ra=2.0#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "i2=5.0#A\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=i+v/rf\n", + "eg=v+ia*ra\n", + "phi=eg*a*60/(z*n*p)\n", + "#as motor\n", + "ia=i2-v/rf\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=60*eb/(phi*z)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole=\",phi,\"wb\"\n", + "print \"speed of the machine=\",math.ceil(n),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 0.42375 wb\n", + "speed of the machine= 850.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.6, Page Number:1002" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=110#A\n", + "v=480#V\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "z=864\n", + "p=a=6\n", + "phi=0.05#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=60*eb/(phi*z)\n", + "ta=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the speed=\",math.floor(n),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the gross torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the speed= 636.0 rpm\n", + "the gross torque= 755.568 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.7, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "z=782\n", + "ra=rf=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "phi=25*0.001#Wb\n", + "p=4\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=60*eb/(phi*z)\n", + "ta=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "\n", + "print \"the speed=\",math.floor(n),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the gross torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the speed= 705.0 rpm\n", + "the gross torque= 248.676 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.8, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "eb=250.0#V\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pm=eb*ia\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"machanical power=\",pm,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 79.5833333333 N-m\n", + "machanical power= 12500.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.9, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=800\n", + "load=8.2#kW\n", + "ia=45#A\n", + "phi=25*0.001#Wb\n", + "ra=0.6#ohm\n", + "a=p/2\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ta=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a/(phi*z*p)\n", + "tsh=load*1000/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"developed torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "developed torque= 286.2 N-m\n", + "shaft torque= 270.618131415 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 32 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.10, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=2*i\n", + "fb1=v-(i*ra)\n", + "eb2=v-(ia2*ra)\n", + "n2=eb2*n/fb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when torque is doubled=\",n2,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when torque is doubled= 476.19047619 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.11, Page Number:1003" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=Symbol('r')\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "ra=0.24#ohm\n", + "vd=2#v\n", + "i=1.8#A\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=load*1000/efficiency\n", + "il=input_m/v\n", + "tsh=9.55*load*1000/n\n", + "il=ratio*il\n", + "ia=il-i\n", + "r=solve(ia*(r+ra)+vd-v,r)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full-load line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"full-load shaft torque\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"total resistance=\",r[0],\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full-load line current= 124.333333333 A\n", + "full-load shaft torque 356.215 N-m\n", + "total resistance= 3.82420021762787 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.12, Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "z=540\n", + "i=32#A\n", + "output=5.595#kW\n", + "ra=0.09#ohm\n", + "i_f=1#A\n", + "phi=30*0.001#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=i-i_f\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a*60/(phi*z*p)\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque developed=\",tsh*1000,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 804.481481481 rpm\n", + "torque developed= 66.4182473183 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(a), Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "load=20.0#kW\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "phi=0.04#Wb\n", + "z=160\n", + "il=95.0#A\n", + "inl=9.0#A\n", + "p=4\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#no load\n", + "ea0=v-(inl-i)*ra\n", + "n0=ea0*a*60/(phi*z*p)\n", + "#load\n", + "ea=v-(il-i)*ra\n", + "n=ea*n0/ea0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no-load speed=\",n0,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"load speed=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no-load speed= 1030.5 rpm\n", + "load speed= 1014.375 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(b), Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=6\n", + "i=400#A\n", + "n=350#rpm\n", + "phi=80*0.001#Wb\n", + "z=600*2\n", + "loss=0.03#percentage\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e=phi*z*n*p/(60*a)\n", + "pa=e*i\n", + "t=pa/(2*3.14*n/60)\n", + "t_net=0.97*t\n", + "bhp=t_net*36.67*0.001/0.746\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"brake-horse-power\",bhp,\"HP\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "brake-horse-power 291.551578696 HP\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 66 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(c), Page Number:1004" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=774\n", + "phi=24*0.001#Wb\n", + "ia=50#A\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculations\n", + "t=0.159*phi*z*ia*p/a\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",t,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 295.3584 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 67 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(d), Page Number:1005" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "il=40.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ih=v/rf\n", + "pi=v*i\n", + "cu_loss_f=cu_loss=v*ih\n", + "output=v*il\n", + "cu_loss_a=(il+ih)**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+cu_loss_a+cu_loss_f\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 87.8312542029 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 81 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.13(e), Page Number:1006" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable delcration\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "n=800#rpm\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=0.1#ohm\n", + "loss=0.5#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=v-ia*(ra+rf)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*(ra+rf)\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+loss*1000\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output of the motor=\",output/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output of the motor= 7.82 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 88 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.14, Page Number:1006" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=400.0#N\n", + "d=10.0#cm\n", + "n=840#rpm\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n1=1800#rpm\n", + "efficiency=.80\n", + "d2=24.0#cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "tsh=f*d*0.01/2\n", + "output=tsh*2*3.14*n/60\n", + "input_m=output/efficiency\n", + "i=input_m/v\n", + "d1=n*d2/n1\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "print \"current taken by the motor=\",round(i),\"A\"\n", + "print \"size of motor pulley=\",d1,\"cm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current taken by the motor= 10.0 A\n", + "size of motor pulley= 11.2 cm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.15, Page Number:1006" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=280\n", + "ia=45.0#A\n", + "phi=18*0.001#Wb\n", + "ra=0.5+0.3#ohm\n", + "loss=800.0#W\n", + "d=0.41\n", + "a=4\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*60*a/(phi*z*p*4)\n", + "inpt=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=inpt-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "f=tsh*2/d\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pull at the rim of the pulley=\",f,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pull at the rim of the pulley= 628.016180845 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 102 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.16, Page Number:1007" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "output=11.19#kW\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=50#A\n", + "i=1#A\n", + "z=540\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "vd=1#V\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "tsh=9.55*output*1000/n\n", + "phi=eb*60*a*1000/(z*n*p)\n", + "input_a=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "brush_loss=ia*2\n", + "power=input_a-(cu_loss+brush_loss)\n", + "rotational_loss=power-output*1000\n", + "input_m=v*(ia+i)\n", + "efficiency=output*1000/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"total torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"useful torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"flux/pole=\",phi,\"mWb\"\n", + "print \"rotational losses=\",rotational_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "total torque= 112.2125 N-m\n", + "useful torque= 106.8645 N-m\n", + "flux/pole= 13.0555555556 mWb\n", + "rotational losses= 460.0 W\n", + "efficiency= 91.4215686275 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 106 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.17, Page Number:1007" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=460.0#v\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "i2=30.0#A\n", + "ra=0.8#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t2_by_t1=i2**2/i**2\n", + "change=(1-t2_by_t1)*100#percentage\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb2=v-i2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*i*n/(eb1*i2)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"percentage change in torque=\",change,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 679.127725857 rpm\n", + "percentage change in torque= 43.75 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.18, Page Number:1008" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=460.0#V\n", + "output=55.95#kW\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "I=252.8#kg-m2\n", + "ia1=1.4\n", + "ia2=1.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=(ia1+ia2)/2\n", + "n=n/60.0\n", + "tsh=output*1000/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "torque_avg=(ia-1)*tsh\n", + "dt=(I*2*3.14*n)/torque_avg\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"approximate time to attain full speed=\",dt,\"s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "approximate time to attain full speed= 46.4050282991 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.19, Page Number:1008" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=14.92#kW\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "n=400.0#rpm\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "I=7.5#kg-m2\n", + "ratio=1.2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n=n/60\n", + "t=output*1000/(2*3.14*n)\n", + "torque=(ratio-1)*t\n", + "dt=(I*2*3.14*n)/torque\n", + "\n", + "print \"time to attain full speed=\",dt,\"s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "time to attain full speed= 4.4055406613 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 138 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.20, Page Number:1009" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "z=944\n", + "phi=34.6*0.001#Wb\n", + "ta=209.0#N-m\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "ra=3.0#ohm\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=ta/(0.159*phi*z*(p/a))\n", + "ea=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=ea/(phi*z*(p/a))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n*60,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line current= 20.1219966813 A\n", + "speed= 403.798260345 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.21, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#v\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=8#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i2=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "eb0=v-(ia-ish)*ra\n", + "eb=v-(i2-ish)*ra\n", + "n=eb*n/eb0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when loaded=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when loaded= 966.21078037 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 144 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.22, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=800#rpm\n", + "ia=100#A\n", + "v=230#V\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=0.1#ohm\n", + "ia2=25#A\n", + "ratio=0.45\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-(ra+rf)*ia\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at which motor runs=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which motor runs= 1940.37940379 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 148 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.23, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia2=Symbol('ia2')\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=115.0#ohm\n", + "n1=1200#rpm\n", + "ia=2.5#A\n", + "n2=1120#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ra*ia\n", + "x=n2*eb1/n1\n", + "ia2=solve((v-ra*ia2)-x,ia2)\n", + "ia=ia2[0]+(v/rf)\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line current=\",round(ia,1),\"A\"\n", + "print \"power input=\",round(input_m,1),\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line current= 35.0 A\n", + "power input= 8050.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.24, Page Number:1010" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "power=100.0#kW\n", + "n1=300#rpm\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "load=10.0#kW\n", + "ra=0.025#ohm\n", + "rf=60.0#ohm\n", + "vd=1.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=power*1000/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i+ish\n", + "eb=v+ia*ra+2*vd\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ia2=i-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra-2*vd\n", + "n2=eb2*n1/eb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 278.796797778 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 174 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.25, Page Number:1011" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "ia=4.0#A\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "ratio=0.04#percentage by whih armature reaction weakens field\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia2=ia-ish\n", + "eb0=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n0=n*eb0/v\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*n0/(eb0*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of machine=\",math.floor(n),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of machine= 960.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 190 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.26, Page Number:1011" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ooutput=14.92#kW\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=75#A\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.20\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb_inst=eb1*(1-ratio)\n", + "ia_inst=(v-eb_inst)/ra\n", + "t_inst=9.55*eb_inst*ia_inst/n\n", + "ia2=i/(1-ratio)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 93.75 A\n", + "speed= 1224.66216216 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 191 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.27, Page Number:1012" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "i=4.0#A\n", + "n=700.0#rpm\n", + "rf=100.0#A\n", + "v2=6.0#V\n", + "i2=10.0#A\n", + "input_m=8.0#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "il=input_m*1000/v\n", + "ia=il-ish\n", + "ra=v2/i2\n", + "eb0=v-ish*ra\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*n/eb0\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "inpt=v*i\n", + "cu_loss=ish**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=inpt-cu_loss\n", + "cu_loss_arm=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_loss_arm\n", + "output=input_m*1000-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/(input_m*1000)\n", + "print \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed on load=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "speed on load= 623.943661972 rpm\n", + "torque= 103.0636 N-m\n", + "efficiency= 79.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 197 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.28, Page Number:1012" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabe declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "load=11#kW\n", + "inl=5#A\n", + "n_nl=1150#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rsh=110#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_nl=v*inl\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia0=inl-ish\n", + "cu_loss_nl=ia1**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss_nl\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss_a=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss_a+constant_loss\n", + "output=load*1000-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(load*1000)\n", + "eb_nl=v-(ia0*ra)\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=n_nl*eb/eb_nl\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque developed=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"the speed=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque developed= 87.096 N-m\n", + "efficiency= 79.5361818182 %\n", + "the speed= 1031.57894737 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 200 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.29, Page Number:1013" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=18.65#kW\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "vb=3#V\n", + "rf=0.05#ohm\n", + "ia=80.0#A\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "i2=100.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*(ra+rf)\n", + "eb2=v-i2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=eb2*ia*n/(eb1*i2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when current is 100 A=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when current is 100 A= 473.949579832 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.30, Page Number:1013" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=800.0#rpm\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "ra=0.1\n", + "ratio=1.0/2.0\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia1=i*math.sqrt(ratio)\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia1*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*i*n/(eb1*ia1)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when motor will run when developing half the torque=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when motor will run when developing half the torque= 1147.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.31, Page Number:1013" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=a=4\n", + "n=600#rpm\n", + "ia=25#A\n", + "v=450#V\n", + "z=500\n", + "phi=1.7*0.01*math.pow(ia,0.5)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=n*phi*z*p/(60*a)\n", + "iara=v-eb\n", + "ra=iara/ia\n", + "i=math.pow((phi*ia*math.sqrt(ia)/(phi*2)),2.0/3.0)\n", + "eb2=v/2-i*ra\n", + "phi2=1.7*0.01*math.pow(i,0.5)\n", + "n2=eb2*phi*n/(eb*phi2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at which motor will run=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which motor will run= 372.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 224 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.32, Page Number:1017" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=460.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "def f(ia,t):\n", + " n=(v*ia-ia**2*ra)*60/(2*3.14*t)\n", + " return(n)\n", + "\n", + "n1=f(20.0,128.8)\n", + "n2=f(30.0,230.5)\n", + "n3=f(40.0,349.8)\n", + "n4=f(50.0,469.2)\n", + "T=[128.8,230.5,349.8,469.2]\n", + "N=[n1,n2,n3,n4]\n", + "a=plot(T,N)\n", + "xlabel(\"Torque(NM.m)\") \n", + "ylabel(\"Speed(rpm)\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,500))\n", + "plt.ylim((0,800))\n", + "show(a)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg\n", + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.33, Page Number:1017" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab\n", + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=5.968#kW\n", + "n=700#rpm\n", + "v1=500#V\n", + "n2=600#rpm\n", + "ra=3.5#ohm\n", + "loss=450#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "\n", + "def fp(i,v):\n", + " p=5.968*((n2*(v1-i*ra)/(v*n))**2)\n", + " return(p)\n", + "\n", + "def fm(i,v):\n", + " m=((v1-i*ra)*i-loss)/1000\n", + " return(m)\n", + "\n", + "p1=fp(7.0,347.0)\n", + "p2=fp(10.5,393.0)\n", + "p3=fp(14.0,434.0)\n", + "p4=fp(27.5,468.0)\n", + "\n", + "m1=fm(7.0,347.8)\n", + "m2=fm(10.5,393.0)\n", + "m3=fm(14.0,434.0)\n", + "m4=fm(27.5,468.0)\n", + "\n", + "#plot\n", + "I=[7,10.5,14,27.5]\n", + "P=[p1,p2,p3,p4]\n", + "M=[m1,m2,m3,m4]\n", + "a=plot(I,P)\n", + "a=plot(I,M)\n", + "xlabel(\"Current\") \n", + "ylabel(\"Power(kW)\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,30))\n", + "plt.ylim((0,12))\n", + "show(a)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.34, Page Number:1022" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "i=3#A\n", + "ia=3.5#A\n", + "ib=4.5#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "loss=v*i\n", + "#B unexcited\n", + "loss1=v*(ia-i)\n", + "#B excited\n", + "loss2=v*(ib-i)\n", + "loss=loss2-loss1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"iron losses of B=\",loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "iron losses of B= 500.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.35, Page Number:1023" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=110.0#ohm\n", + "ia=5.0#A\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "i2=52.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "ia2=i2-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=round(eb2*n/eb1,0)\n", + "input_nl=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss_nl=ia1**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss_nl\n", + "cu_loss_l=ia2**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_loss_l\n", + "input_l=v*i2\n", + "output=input_l-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.36, Page Number:1023" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=5#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "ratio=0.03#percentage by which armature reaction weakens field\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "ia2=i-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 994.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 241 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.37, Page Number:1023" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "ia=5#A\n", + "ra=0.22#A\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia0=ia-ish\n", + "eb0=v-ia0*ra\n", + "cu_loss=ia0**2*ra\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "constant_loss=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+constant_loss\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/input_m\n", + "per=(eb-eb0)*100/eb0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(efficiency,1),\"%\"\n", + "print \"percentage change in speed=\",round(per,2),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 90.8 %\n", + "percentage change in speed= -4.19 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 244 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.38, Page Number:1024" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=25#A\n", + "i2=50#A\n", + "ratio=0.03#percentage by which the armature reaction weakens field\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "vd=1\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ebh=v-ia1*ra-2*vd\n", + "ia2=i2-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra-2*vd\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(ebh*(1-ratio))\n", + "ta1=9.55*eb1*ia1/n\n", + "ta2=9.55*eb2*ia2/n2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque in first case=\",ta1,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"torque in second case=\",ta2,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1010.0 rpm\n", + "torque in first case= 57.11664 N-m\n", + "torque in second case= 110.3912768 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 247 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.39, Page Number:1024" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "n1=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "ia=4.0#A\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "ratio=0.04#percentage by which the armature reaction weakens field\n", + "eb1=250.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "eb2=v-(i-ish)*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "cu_loss=(ia-ish)**2*ra\n", + "input_m=v*ia\n", + "constant_loss=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "cu_loss_a=(i-ish)**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_loss_a\n", + "inpt=v*i\n", + "output=inpt-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/inpt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 960.0 rpm\n", + "efficiency= 82.44 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 254 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.40, Page Number:1025" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "z=120*8\n", + "a=4\n", + "phi=20*0.001#Wb\n", + "i=25#A\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=125#ohm\n", + "loss=810#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a*60/(p*z*phi)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "cu_loss_shunt=v*ish\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss+cu_loss_shunt\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "efficiency=output*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"gross torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"useful torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gross torque= 70.288 N-m\n", + "useful torque= 60.2946209124 N-m\n", + "efficiency= 78.1936 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 256 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.41, Page Number:1025" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=14.92#kW\n", + "n=1150#rpm\n", + "p=4\n", + "a=2\n", + "z=620\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "i=74.8#A\n", + "i2=3#A\n", + "v=230#V\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=i-i2\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "phi=eb*a*60/(p*z*n)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "power=eb*ia\n", + "loss_rot=power-output*1000\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "total_loss=input_m-output*1000\n", + "per=total_loss*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"flux per pole=\",phi*1000,\"mWb\"\n", + "print \"torque developed=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"rotational losses=\",loss_rot,\"W\"\n", + "print \"total losses expressed as a percentage of power=\",per,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "flux per pole= 9.07321178121 mWb\n", + "torque developed= 128.575818783 N-m\n", + "rotational losses= 562.952 W\n", + "total losses expressed as a percentage of power= 13.2759823297 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 263 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.42, Page Number:1025" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia1=Symbol('ia1')\n", + "output=7.46#kW\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "i=5#A\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "cu_loss_a=ra*ia**2\n", + "loss=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "ia1=solve(ra*ia1**2-v*ia1+output*1000+loss,ia1)\n", + "i2=ia1[0]+ish\n", + "input_m1=v*i2\n", + "efficiency=output*100000/input_m1\n", + "ia=math.sqrt((input_m-cu_loss_a)/ra)\n", + "input_a=v*ia\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "output_a=input_a-(cu_loss+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"output power at which efficiency is maximum=\",output_a/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 79.5621535016683 %\n", + "output power at which efficiency is maximum= 10.2179357944 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 271 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.43, Page Number:1026" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n2_by_n1=1.0/2.0\n", + "ia2_by_ia1=phi1_by_phi2=1.0/2.0\n", + "v2_by_v1=n2_by_n1*phi1_by_phi2\n", + "reduction_v=(1-v2_by_v1)*100\n", + "reduction_i=(1-ia2_by_ia1)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction in the motor terminal voltage=\",reduction_v,\"%\"\n", + "print \"percentage fall in the motor current=\",reduction_i,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction in the motor terminal voltage= 75.0 %\n", + "percentage fall in the motor current= 50.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 272 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.44, Page Number:1026" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "z=1200\n", + "phi=20*0.001#Wb\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "loss=900#W\n", + "a=2\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "n=eb*a*60/(p*z*phi)\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "cu_loss_f=v*ish\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+cu_loss_f+loss\n", + "input_m=v*i\n", + "output=input_m-total_loss\n", + "tsh=9.55*output/n\n", + "efficiency=output*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"useful torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output=\",output/1000,\"Kw\"\n", + "print \"efficiency==\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "useful torque= 206.28 N-m\n", + "output= 7.938 Kw\n", + "efficiency== 79.38 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 275 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 29.45, Page Number:1027" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia1=Symbol('ia1')\n", + "output=37.3*1000#W\n", + "v=460#V\n", + "i=4#A\n", + "n=660#rpm\n", + "ra=0.3#ohm\n", + "rf=270#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "cu_loss=v*ish\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss_a=ia**2*ra\n", + "input_a=loss=v*ia\n", + "ia1=solve(ra*ia1**2-v*ia1+output+loss,ia1)\n", + "i=ia1[0]+ish\n", + "eb1=v-(ia*ra)\n", + "eb2=v-(ia1[0]*ra)\n", + "n2=n*eb2/eb1\n", + "ia=math.sqrt((cu_loss+input_a)/ra)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the current input=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2,0),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"armature current at which efficiency is maximum=\",ia,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the current input= 90.2860908863713 A\n", + "speed= 623.0 rpm\n", + "armature current at which efficiency is maximum= 78.3156008298 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 280 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter30_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter30_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ce13ea95 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter30_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,2629 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:072a977ff7e7f41108f647b699866e16f58bf91b148a03cefc5a07bc1eeda05b" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 30:Speed Control of D.C. Motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.1, Page Number:1032" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "n=250#rpm\n", + "ia=200#A\n", + "ra=0.12#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.80\n", + "ia2=100#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 320.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.2, Page Number:1032" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "ia=50#A\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "ratio=1-0.10\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=ia/ratio\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 828.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.3, Page Number:1032" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "n=800#rpm\n", + "ia=50.0#A\n", + "n2=1000#rpm\n", + "ia2=80.0#A\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "ish1=v/rf\n", + "r1=(n2*eb1*v)/(n*eb2*ish1)\n", + "r=r1-rf\n", + "ish2=v/r1\n", + "torque_ratio=ish2*ia2/(ish1*ia)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ratio of torque=\",torque_ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added= 68.9506880734 ohm\n", + "ratio of torque= 1.25411235955\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.3, Page Number:1033" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "r=250.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ish2=v/(rf+r)\n", + "ia2=ia*1/ish2\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ish2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"new armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new speed= 2939.0 rpm\n", + "new armature current= 40.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.5, Page Number:1033" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "rt=Symbol('rt')\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=250.0#ohm\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "n2=800.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish1=v/rf\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "rt=solve(((n2*eb1*(v/rt))/(n*(v-(ia*ra/(v/rt)))))-1,rt)\n", + "r=rt[0]-rf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be inserted=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be inserted= 88.3128987990058 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.6, Page Number:1034" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "ratio=1+0.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "x=solve((ratio*eb1/((v-ia*ra*x)*x))-1,x)\n", + "per=1-1/x[0]\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"main flux has to be reduced by=\",per*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "main flux has to be reduced by= 37.2991677469778 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.7, Page Number:1034" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "load=10#kW\n", + "i=41#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rw=0.05#ohm\n", + "ri=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=110#ohm\n", + "ratio=1-0.25\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "ratio1=1-0.50\n", + "n=2500\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ia2=ratio1*ia1/ratio\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*(ra+ri+rw)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(r+ra+ri+rw)\n", + "n2=eb2*n/(eb1*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"motor speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 26.0 A\n", + "motor speed= 2987.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.8, Page Number:1035" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "load=15#kW\n", + "n=850#rpm\n", + "ia=72.2#A\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "rf=100#ohm\n", + "n2=1650#rpm\n", + "ia2=40#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "ratio=(n*eb2)/(n2*eb1)\n", + "per=1-ratio\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction=\",per*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction= 46.5636857585 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.9, Page Number:1035" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia2=Symbol('ia2')\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "ratio=0.50+1\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "ia2=solve((((v-ra*ia2)*ia2)/(eb1*ratio*ia))-1,ia2)\n", + "per=ia/ia2[0]\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"mail flux should be reduced by=\",round(per,4)*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mail flux should be reduced by= 62.7 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.10, Page Number:1035" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=ratio*(v-ia*ra)\n", + "r=(v-eb2)/ia-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance required in the series=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance required in the series= 5.25 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.11, Page Number:1036" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=8#A\n", + "i_f=1#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=250#ohm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb0=v-(ia-i_f)*ra\n", + "kpsi=eb0/1000\n", + "ia=i-i_f\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "n1=eb1/kpsi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n1,1),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 966.2 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.12, Page Number:1037" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ia=40#A\n", + "n2=800#rpm\n", + "i2=20#A\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "eb2=n2*eb/n\n", + "r=(v-eb2)/(ia)-ra\n", + "eb3=v-i2*(r+ra)\n", + "n3=eb3*n/eb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n3),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "additional resistance= 1.15 ohm\n", + "speed= 922.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.13, Page Number:1037" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=7.48#kW\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "n=990#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "ra=0.08#ohm\n", + "ish=2#A\n", + "n2=450#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_p=load*1000/efficiency\n", + "losses=input_p-load*1000\n", + "i=input_p/v\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "loss=v*ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "loss_nl=losses-cu_loss-loss\n", + "eb1=v-20-(ia*ra)\n", + "eb2=n2*eb1/n\n", + "r=(eb1-eb2)/ia\n", + "total_loss=ia**2*(r+ra)+loss+loss_nl\n", + "output=input_p-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/(input_p)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor input=\",input_p/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor input= 8.5 kW\n", + "armature current= 36.6363636364 A\n", + "external resistance= 2.93403113016 ohm\n", + "efficiency= 41.6691237902 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 81 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.14, Page Number:1038" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "eb1=230.0#V\n", + "n=990.0#rpm\n", + "n2=500.0#rpm\n", + "ia=25.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb2=eb1*n2/n\n", + "r=(eb1-eb2)/ia\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance required in series=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance required in series= 4.55353535354 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 83 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.15, Page Number:1038" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "n2=900.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "if1=v/rf\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "k2=eb1/(if1*n)\n", + "if2=n*if1/n2\n", + "rf1=v/if1\n", + "rf2=v/if2\n", + "r=rf2-rf1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added= 100.0 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 90 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.16, Page Number:1039" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia2=Symbol('ia2')\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "rf=200.0#ohm\n", + "ia=22.0#A\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "n2=900.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "if1=v/rf\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "k1=eb1/(if1*n)\n", + "if2=n*if1/n2\n", + "if2=n2*ia/n\n", + "ia2=solve(v-ra*ia2-(k1*ia*if1*n2)/ia2,ia2)\n", + "if2=ia*if1/ia2[0]\n", + "r=v/if2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new field resistance to be added=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new field resistance to be added= 306.828780053869 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 103 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.17, Page Number:1040" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "output=25#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=125#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_p=output*1000/efficiency\n", + "i=input_p/v\n", + "if1=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-if1\n", + "il=ratio*ia\n", + "r=v/il\n", + "r_ext=r-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting resistance=\",round(r_ext,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting resistance= 1.341 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 105 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.18, Page Number:1042" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ia=17.5#A\n", + "n2=600.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "rt=(v-(n2*eb1/n))/ia\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be inserted=\",round(r,1),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be inserted= 4.4 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.19, Page Number:1042" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "ra=1.2#ohm\n", + "rf=500#ohm\n", + "ia=4#A\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "i=26#A\n", + "r=2.3#ohm\n", + "ratio=0.15\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=ia-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "ia2=i-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=n*eb2/eb1\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(r+ra)\n", + "n2_=n*eb2/eb1\n", + "n2__=n*eb2/(eb1*(1-ratio))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when resistance 2.3 ohm is connected=\",round(n2_),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed when shunt field is reduced by 15%=\",round(n2__),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when resistance 2.3 ohm is connected= 831.0 rpm\n", + "speed when shunt field is reduced by 15%= 978.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 113 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.20, Page Number:1043" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ia1=ia2=20.0#A\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "n2=500.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "rt=(v-((n2/n)*eb1))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "ia3=ia2/2\n", + "n3=n*(v-ia3*rt)/eb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n3),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 771.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 117 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.21, Page Number:1043" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra1=0.5#ohm\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "ia2=ia1=20#A\n", + "r=1.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra1\n", + "ra2=r+ra1\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2=eb2*n/eb1\n", + "#torque is half the full-load torque\n", + "ia2=1.0/2.0*ia1\n", + "eb22=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2_=eb22*n/eb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at full load torque=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed at half full-load torque=\",round(n2_),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at full load torque= 550.0 rpm\n", + "speed at half full-load torque= 588.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 137 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.22, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra1=0.5#ohm\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "ia2=ia1=30.0#A\n", + "r=1.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra1\n", + "ra2=r+ra1\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2=eb2*n/eb1\n", + "\n", + "#torque is half the full-load torque\n", + "ia2=2.0*ia1\n", + "eb22=v-ia2*ra2\n", + "n2_=eb22*n/eb1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at full load torque=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed at double full-load torque=\",round(n2_),\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at full load torque= 427.0 rpm\n", + "speed at double full-load torque= 317.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 142 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.23, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=37.3*1000#W\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "n=750.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "t2=250.0#N-m\n", + "r=5.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t1=load/(2*3.14*(n/60))\n", + "ia1=load/(efficiency*v)\n", + "ia2=ia1*math.sqrt(t2/t1)\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(r+ra)\n", + "n2=eb2*ia1*n/(eb1*ia2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at which machine will run=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which machine will run= 381.789716486 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.24, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=7.46*1000#W\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=900.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "ra=0.08#ohm\n", + "ish=2.0#A\n", + "n2=450.0#rpm\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=output/(efficiency*v)\n", + "ia2=ia1=i-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia2*ra\n", + "rt=(v-20-((n2/n)*eb1))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "input_m=(v)*(ia2+ish)\n", + "total_loss=input_m-output\n", + "cu_loss=ia2**2*ra\n", + "cu_loss_f=v*ish\n", + "total_cu_loss=cu_loss+cu_loss_f\n", + "stray_loss=total_loss-total_cu_loss\n", + "stray_loss2=stray_loss*n2/n\n", + "cu_loss_a=ia1**2*rt\n", + "total_loss2=stray_loss2+cu_loss_f+cu_loss_a\n", + "output2=input_m-total_loss2\n", + "efficiency=output2*100/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor output=\",output2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"overall efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor output= 4460.66115702 W\n", + "armature current= 36.5330578512 A\n", + "external resistance= 2.42352222599 ohm\n", + "overall efficiency= 52.619059225 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 175 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.25, Page Number:1044" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "ia=15.0#A\n", + "n=800.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.6#ohm\n", + "n2=400.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "r=((v-(n2*eb1/n))/ia)-ra\n", + "ia3=ia/2\n", + "eb3=v-ia3*(r+ra)\n", + "n3=eb3*n/eb1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n3,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 615.584415584 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 187 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.26, Page Number:1045" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=Symbol('r')\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "inl=3.5#A\n", + "il=59.5#A\n", + "rf=267.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "vd=2.0#V\n", + "ratio=0.02\n", + "speed_ratio=0.50\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=inl-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra-vd\n", + "ia2=il-ish\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra-vd\n", + "n1_by_n2=eb1*(1-ratio)/eb2\n", + "per_change=(1-1/n1_by_n2)*100\n", + "r=solve(eb2*speed_ratio/(eb2-ia2*r)-1,r)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"change in speed=\",per_change,\"%\"\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",r[0],\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "change in speed= 0.83357557339 %\n", + "resistance to be added= 3.33092370774547 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.27, Page Number:1046" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaraion\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "n2=800.0#rpm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=100.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ia2=ia1*(n2/n)**2\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra\n", + "rt=(v-(n2*eb1/n))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resustance that must be added=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resustance that must be added= 1.32708333333 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.28, Page Number:1047" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rf=115#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tsh=9.55*load*1000/n\n", + "i=load*1000/(v*efficiency)\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "ta=9.55*eb*ia/n\n", + "i_permissible=i*ratio\n", + "ia_per=i_permissible-ish\n", + "ra_total=v/ia_per\n", + "r_required=ra_total-ra\n", + "torque=ratio*ta\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"net torque=\",ta,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"starting resistance=\",r_required,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"torque developed at starting=\",torque,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "net torque= 365.403326173 N-m\n", + "starting resistance= 0.913513513514 ohm\n", + "torque developed at starting= 548.104989259 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.29, Page Number:1047" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "I=Symbol('I')\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "rf=40.0#ohm\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "i=55.0#A\n", + "n=595.0#rpm\n", + "r=0.58#ohm\n", + "n2=630.0#rpm\n", + "ia_=15.0#A\n", + "rd=5.0#ohm\n", + "ia2=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=i-ish\n", + "ra1=r+ra\n", + "eb1=v-ra1*ia1\n", + "ia2=ia1\n", + "eb2=eb1*(n2/n)\n", + "r=(v-eb2)/ia1\n", + "eb2_=v-ia_*ra1\n", + "n2=eb2_*n/eb1\n", + "eb3=eb1\n", + "IR=v-eb3-ia2*ra\n", + "pd=v-IR\n", + "i_d=pd/rd\n", + "i=ia2+i_d\n", + "R=IR/i\n", + "I=solve(rd*(I-ia_)-v+R*I,I)\n", + "eb4=v-R*I[0]-ia_*ra\n", + "n4=n*(eb4/eb1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature circuit resistance should be reduced by=\",ra1-r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"speed when Ia=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"value of series resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"speed when motor current falls to 15A=\",n4,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature circuit resistance should be reduced by= 0.2 ohm\n", + "speed when Ia= 668.5 rpm\n", + "value of series resistance= 0.344418052257 ohm\n", + "speed when motor current falls to 15A= 636.922222222222 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.31, Page Number:1051" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=15#A\n", + "n=600#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=math.sqrt(2*2**0.5*i**2)\n", + "n2=n*2*i/ia2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"current=\",ia2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 713.524269002 rpm\n", + "current= 25.2268924576 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.32, Page Number:1052" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=707#rpm\n", + "ia1=100#A\n", + "v=85#V\n", + "rf=0.03#ohm\n", + "ra=0.04#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ra_total=ra+(2*rf)\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra_total\n", + "ia2=ia1*2**0.5\n", + "rf=rf/2\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=n*(eb2/eb1)*(2*ia1/ia2)\n", + "rt=(v-((n/n2)*eb2))/ia2\n", + "r=rt-ra-rf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1029.46885374 rpm\n", + "additional resistance= 0.171040764009 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 44 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.33, Page Number:1052" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#varable declaration\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "ia=40.0#A\n", + "ra=0.3#ohm\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "n2=1000.0#rpm\n", + "#calculation\n", + "R=v/ia-ra\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "r=(v-((n2/n)*eb1))/ia-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added at starting=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance to be added at 1000 rpm\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added at starting= 5.7 ohm\n", + "resistance to be added at 1000 rpm 1.9 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.34, Page Number:1053" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ia1=20.0#A\n", + "ratio=2.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia2=ia1*2**(3.0/4.0)\n", + "n2=n*ratio*ia1/ia2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current= 33.6358566101 A\n", + "speed= 713.524269002 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.35, Page Number:1053" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=Symbol('V')\n", + "ra=1.0#ohm\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "n=350.0#rpm\n", + "ia=25.0#A\n", + "n2=500.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia2=ia*(n2/n)\n", + "eb1=v-ia*ra\n", + "V=solve((n2*eb1*ia2/(n*ia))+ia2-V,V)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \" current=\",ia2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"voltage=\",V[0],\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " current= 35.7142857143 A\n", + "voltage= 433.673469387755 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.36, Page Number:1053" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "ia=20.0#A\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "rf=0.2#ohm\n", + "i=20.0#A\n", + "rd=0.2#ohm\n", + "i_f=10.0#A\n", + "ratio=0.70\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-(ra+rf)*ia\n", + "r_total=ra+rf/2\n", + "eb2=v-r_total*ia\n", + "n2=(eb2*n/(eb1*ratio))\n", + " \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",round(n2),\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1444.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.37, Page Number:1054" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "ia=40.0#A\n", + "n=700.0#rpm\n", + "ratio=0.50+1\n", + "ra=0.15#ohm\n", + "rf=0.1#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia2=(ratio*2*ia**2)**0.5\n", + "eb1=v-ia*(ra+rf)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*(ra+rf)\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(ia*2/ia2)*n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",ia2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 777.147765122 rpm\n", + "speed= 69.2820323028 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 63 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.38, Page Number:1055" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "ia=20#A\n", + "n=900#rpm\n", + "r=0.025#ohm\n", + "ra=0.1#ohm\n", + "rd=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#when divertor is added\n", + "eb1=v-ia*(ra+4*r)\n", + "ia2=(ia**2*(ra+rd)/rd)**0.5\n", + "ra_=rd*ra/(ra+rd)\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*ra_\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(ia*3/(2*ia2))*n\n", + "\n", + "#rearranged field coils in two series and parallel group\n", + "ia2=(ia**2*2)**0.5\n", + "r=ra+r\n", + "eb2=v-ia2*r\n", + "n2_=(eb2/eb1)*(ia*2/(ia2))*n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed when divertor was added=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed when field coils are rearranged=\",n2_,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed when divertor was added= 1112.87640676 rpm\n", + "speed when field coils are rearranged= 1275.19533144 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 74 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.39, Page Number:1055" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "n=1000.0#rpm\n", + "i=12.0#A\n", + "rf=0.8#ohm\n", + "ra=1.0#ohm\n", + "il=20#A\n", + "ratio=0.15\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*(ra+rf)\n", + "eb2=v-il*(ra+rf/4)\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(1/(1-ratio))*n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1162.92198261 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.40, Page Number:1056" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "v=200.0#v\n", + "n=500.0#rpm\n", + "i=25.0#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "rf=0.6#ohm\n", + "rd=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r=ra+rf\n", + "eb1=v-i*r\n", + "i2=solve(((rd+rf)*i2**2)-(v*i2)-(i**2*rd),i2)\n", + "pd=v-i2[1]*rf\n", + "ia2=((rd+rf)*i2[1]-v)/rd\n", + "eb2=pd-ia2*ra\n", + "n2=(eb2/eb1)*(i/i2[1])*n\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 342.848235418389 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.41, Page Number:1056" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "ra=0.3#ohm\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "r=3#ohm\n", + "i2=15#A\n", + "ratio=0.80\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*ra\n", + "eb2=v-(r+ra)*i2\n", + "n2=n*(eb2/eb1)/ratio\n", + "power_ratio=(n*i)/(n2*i2*ratio)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"ratio of power outputs=\",power_ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new speed= 1349.65437788 rpm\n", + "ratio of power outputs= 1.48186086214\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 99 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.42, Page Number:1057" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "v=460#V\n", + "ratio=1-0.25\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "I=(i**2*ratio**3)**0.5\n", + "eb2=I*ratio*v/i\n", + "R=(v-eb2)/I\n", + "pa=v*i/1000\n", + "power_n=pa*ratio**4\n", + "pa=eb2*I\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resistance required=\",R,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resistance required= 7.26432660412 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 103 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.44, Page Number:1060" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=500#rpm\n", + "n2=550#rpm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "eb1=v-i*r\n", + "kphi1=eb1/n\n", + "eb2=v-i*r\n", + "kphi2=eb2/n2\n", + "eb_=v-i*2*r\n", + "n=eb_/((eb1/n2)+(eb2/n))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 248.120300752 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.45, Page Number:1061" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=14.92#kW\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "ratio1=5.0\n", + "ratio2=4.0\n", + "t=882#N-m\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "k=v/(n*i/60)\n", + "I=(t/((ratio1+ratio2)*0.159*k))**0.5\n", + "nsh=v/((ratio1+ratio2)*k*I)\n", + "eb1=ratio1*k*I*nsh\n", + "eb2=ratio2*k*I*nsh\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current=\",I,\"A\"\n", + "print \"speed of shaft=\",round(nsh*60),\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"voltage across the motors=\",round(eb1),\"V,\",round(eb2),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current= 49.5202984449 A\n", + "speed of shaft= 134.0 rpm\n", + "voltage across the motors= 139.0 V, 111.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 117 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.46, Page Number:1063" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "t=700#N-m\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "ra=0.008#ohm\n", + "rf=55#ohm\n", + "efficiency=0.90\n", + "t2=375#N-m\n", + "n2=1050#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=2*3.14*n*t/60\n", + "power_m=output/efficiency\n", + "im=power_m/v\n", + "ish=v/rf\n", + "ia1=im-ish\n", + "eb1=v-ia1*ra\n", + "ia2=ia1*t2/t\n", + "eb2=eb1*n2/n\n", + "r=eb2/ia2-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"dynamic break resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "dynamic break resistance= 0.795525014538 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 118 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.47, Page Number:1064" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "load=18.65#kW\n", + "n=450.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.746\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "I=load*1000/(efficiency*v)\n", + "eb=v-I*ra\n", + "vt=v+eb\n", + "i_max=2*I\n", + "r=vt/i_max\n", + "R=r-ra\n", + "N=n/60\n", + "phizp_by_a=eb/N\n", + "k4=phizp_by_a*v/(2*3.14*r)\n", + "k3=phizp_by_a**2/(2*3.14*r)\n", + "tb=k4+k3*N\n", + "tb0=k4\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"breaking resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"maximum breaking torque=\",tb,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"maximum breaking torque when N=0 =\",tb0,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "breaking resistance= 6.1 ohm\n", + "maximum breaking torque= 1028.3970276 N-m\n", + "maximum breaking torque when N=0 = 522.360394972 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 122 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.48, Page Number:1069" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=120#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "l=20*0.001#H\n", + "ka=0.05#V/rpm motor constant\n", + "ia=20#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vt=ia*ra\n", + "alpha=vt/v\n", + "#when alpha=1\n", + "eb=v-ia*ra\n", + "N=eb/ka\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"range of speed control=\",0,\"to\",N,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"range of duty cycle=\",(alpha),\"to\",1" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " range of speed control= 0 to 2200.0 rpm\n", + "range of duty cycle= 0.0833333333333 to 1\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 124 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.49, Page Number:1080" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=7.46#kW\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "ra=0.25#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/(v*efficiency)\n", + "i1=ratio*i\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r_start=r1-ra\n", + "eb1=v-i*r1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting resistance=\",r_start,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"back emf=\",eb1,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting resistance= 2.78842716711 ohm\n", + "back emf= 66.6666666667 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 125 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.50, Page Number:1080" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "ia=40.0#A\n", + "n=7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r1=v/ia\n", + "k=(r1/ra)**(1.0/(n-1))\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "r6=r5/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-r6\n", + "p6=r6-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 6th section=\",round(p6,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 1.812 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.215 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.815 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.546 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.366 ohm\n", + "resistance of 6th section= 0.246 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 132 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.51, Page Number:1081" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=6\n", + "load=3.73#kW\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "ratio=0.50\n", + "i1=0.6#A\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=load/efficiency\n", + "total_loss=output-load\n", + "cu_loss=total_loss*ratio\n", + "i=output*1000/v\n", + "ia=i-i1\n", + "ra=cu_loss*1000/ia**2\n", + "i_per=i*2\n", + "ia_per=i_per-i1\n", + "r1=v/ia_per\n", + "k=(r1/ra)**(1.0/(n-1))\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-ra\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 1.627 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.074 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.709 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.468 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.309 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 146 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.52, Page Number:1081" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=7\n", + "load=36.775#kW\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "ratio=0.05\n", + "rsh=200#ohm\n", + "efficiency=0.92\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=load*1000/efficiency\n", + "cu_loss=input_m*ratio\n", + "cu_loss_sh=v**2/rsh\n", + "cu_loss_a=cu_loss-cu_loss_sh\n", + "i=input_m/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "ra=cu_loss_a/ia**2\n", + "k=(v/(ia*ra))**(1.0/(n))\n", + "i1=k*ia\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "r6=r5/k\n", + "r7=r5/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-r6\n", + "p6=r6-r7\n", + "p7=r7-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 6th section=\",round(p6,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 7th section=\",round(p7,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 0.974 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 0.592 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.36 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.219 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.133 ohm\n", + "resistance of 6th section= 0.0 ohm\n", + "resistance of 7th section= 0.081 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.53, Page Number:1082" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=Symbol('n')\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.125#ohm\n", + "i2=150.0#A\n", + "i1=200.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "n=solve((i1/i2)**(n-1)-(r1/ra),n)\n", + "k=i1/i2\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "r5=r4/k\n", + "r6=r5/k\n", + "r7=r6/k\n", + "r8=r7/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-r5\n", + "p5=r5-r6\n", + "p6=r6-r7\n", + "p7=r7-r8\n", + "p8=r8-ra\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 5th section=\",round(p5,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 6th section=\",round(p6,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 7th section=\",round(p7,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 8th section=\",round(p8,3),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 0.313 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 0.234 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.176 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.132 ohm\n", + "resistance of 5th section= 0.099 ohm\n", + "resistance of 6th section= 0.074 ohm\n", + "resistance of 7th section= 0.056 ohm\n", + "resistance of 8th section= 0.042 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.54, Page Number:1083" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=Symbol('n')\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "z=20\n", + "ra=1.31#ohm\n", + "t=218#N-m\n", + "ratio=1.5\n", + "slot=60\n", + "phi=23*0.001#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=t/(0.159*phi*slot*z)\n", + "i1=ia*ratio\n", + "i2=ia\n", + "k=i1/i2\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "n=solve(k**(n-1)-(r1/ra),n)\n", + "r2=r1/k\n", + "r3=r2/k\n", + "r4=r3/k\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "p4=r4-ra\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 4th section=\",round(p4,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of 1st section= 2.237 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.491 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 0.994 ohm\n", + "resistance of 4th section= 0.678 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 164 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.55, Page Number:1084" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "drop=0.02\n", + "efficiency=0.95\n", + "i_per=1.30\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=load*1000/(v*efficiency)\n", + "i1=i_per*il\n", + "vd=drop*v\n", + "rm=vd/il\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r=(r1-rm)/6\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance of each rheostat=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance of each rheostat= 0.615721729566 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 165 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 30.56, Page Number:1085" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=55.95#kW\n", + "v=650.0#V\n", + "r=0.51#ohm\n", + "i1=140.0#A\n", + "i2=100.0#A\n", + "per=0.20\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=i1/i2\n", + "r1=v/i1\n", + "r2=((per+1)/ratio-per)*r1\n", + "r3=(per+1)*r2/ratio-per*r1\n", + "r4=((per+1)*r3/ratio)-per*r1\n", + "\n", + "p1=r1-r2\n", + "p2=r2-r3\n", + "p3=r3-r4\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"number of steps=\",3\n", + "print \"resistance of 1st section=\",round(p1,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 2nd section=\",round(p2,3),\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"resistance of 3rd section=\",round(p3,3),\"ohm\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "number of steps= 3\n", + "resistance of 1st section= 1.592 ohm\n", + "resistance of 2nd section= 1.364 ohm\n", + "resistance of 3rd section= 1.17 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 170 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter31_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter31_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..88c66f5b --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter31_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,935 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:02fdabadd118404eca71c942f203b8c36bfc89b9baf1e3f2f8e7065ab9807edb" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 31: Testing of DC Machines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.1, Page Number:1092" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "l=38.1#kg\n", + "d=63.53*0.01#cm\n", + "v=12#rps\n", + "i=49#A\n", + "V=220#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r=d/2\n", + "torque=l*r*9.81\n", + "power=torque*2*3.14*v\n", + "motor_input=i*V\n", + "efficiency=power*100/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output power=\",round(power),\"W\"\n", + "print \"Efficiency=\",round(efficiency),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output power= 8947.0 W\n", + "Efficiency= 83.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.2(a), Page Number:1093" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "spring_b1=10.0#kg\n", + "spring_b2=35.0#kg\n", + "d=40*0.01#m\n", + "v=950.0#rpm\n", + "V=200.0#V\n", + "i=30.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "F=(spring_b2-spring_b1)*9.81\n", + "N=v/60\n", + "R=d/2\n", + "tsh=F*R\n", + "omega=2*3.14*N\n", + "output=tsh*omega\n", + "motor_input=V*i\n", + "efficiency=output/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output power=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output power= 4877.205 W\n", + "efficiency= 81.28675 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.2(b), Page Number:1093" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "t1=2.9#kg\n", + "t2=0.17#kg\n", + "r=7*0.01#m\n", + "i=2.0#A\n", + "V=230.0#V\n", + "n=1500.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "force=(t1-t2)*9.81\n", + "torque=force*r\n", + "output=torque*2*3.14*n/60\n", + "efficiency=output/(V*i)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",torque,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 1.874691 N-m\n", + "output 294.326487 W\n", + "efficiency 63.984018913 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.3, Page Number:1095" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=220.0#V\n", + "i=2.5#A\n", + "ra=0.8#ohm\n", + "rsh=200.0#ohm\n", + "I=20.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_noload=V*i\n", + "ish=V/rsh\n", + "ia0=i-ish\n", + "culoss=ia0**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_noload-culoss\n", + "ia=32-ish\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_lossa+constant_loss\n", + "input_=V*I\n", + "output=input_-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=(output/input_)*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Efficiency= 70.1754545455 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.4, Page Number:1096" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "V=400.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.5#ohm\n", + "r=200.0#ohm\n", + "I=50.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_nl=V*i\n", + "ish=V/r\n", + "ia=i-ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss\n", + "Ia=I-ish\n", + "cu_lossa=Ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=constant_loss+cu_lossa\n", + "input_nl1=V*I\n", + "output=input_nl1-total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/input_nl\n", + "Eb1=V-(ia*ra)\n", + "Eb2=V-(Ia*ra)\n", + "change=math.fabs((Eb1-Eb2)/Eb1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*10,\"%\"\n", + "print \"percentage change in speed=\",change*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output= 16852.5 W\n", + "efficiency= 84.2625 %\n", + "percentage change in speed= 5.64617314931 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.8, Page Number:1098" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=200*1000.0#W\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "i1=36.0#A\n", + "I1=12.0#A\n", + "v1=250.0#V\n", + "pd=6.0#V\n", + "i2=400.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#no load\n", + "ia=i1-I1\n", + "ra=pd/i2\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "input_nl=v*i1\n", + "constant_loss=input_nl-cu_loss\n", + "\n", + "#full load\n", + "output_i=p/v\n", + "ia=output_i+I1\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_lossa+constant_loss\n", + "efficiency=p/(p+total_loss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency at full load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "\n", + "#half load\n", + "output_i=p/(2*v)\n", + "ia=output_i+I1\n", + "cu_lossa=ia**2*ra\n", + "total_loss=cu_lossa+constant_loss\n", + "efficiency=p/((p/2+total_loss)*2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency at half load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency at full load= 91.3736344667 %\n", + "efficiency at half load= 89.6559292335 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.9, Page Number:1098" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "p=14.92*1000#W\n", + "e=0.88\n", + "n=700.0#rpn\n", + "rsh=100.0#ohm\n", + "i=78.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_=0.8*p/e\n", + "total_loss=input_-0.8*p\n", + "input_i=input_/v\n", + "ish=v/rsh\n", + "ia=input_i-ish\n", + "ra=total_loss/(2*(ia**2))\n", + "Ia=i-ish\n", + "total_loss2=Ia**2*ra+total_loss/2\n", + "input__=v*i\n", + "efficiency=(input__-total_loss2)*100/input__\n", + "Eb1=v-(ia*ra)\n", + "Eb2=v-(Ia*ra)\n", + "n2=(n*Eb2)/Eb1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"r.p.m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 86.9450046554 %\n", + "speed= 678.443304738 r.p.m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.10(a), Page Number:1101" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "p=100*1000.0#W\n", + "i2=90.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=p/v\n", + "efficiency=math.sqrt(i1/(i1+i2))*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(efficiency,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 91.4 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.11, Page Number:1102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=15#A\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "motor_i=100#A\n", + "shunt_i1=3#A\n", + "shunt_i2=2.5#A\n", + "ra=0.05#ohm\n", + "cu_loss=500#W\n", + "cu_lossa=361#W\n", + "ia=85#A\n", + "#calculations\n", + "mech_core_stray_loss=0.5*((v*i)-(motor_i**2*ra)-(ia**2*ra))\n", + "cu_motor=v*shunt_i1\n", + "generator_motor=v*shunt_i2\n", + "total_loss=mech_core_stray_loss+cu_motor+generator_motor\n", + "input_=v*i+cu_motor\n", + "output=v*ia*10**(-3)\n", + "loss=cu_loss*10**(-3)+1.07+0.36\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"eficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "eficiency= 89.8045430534 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.12, Page Number:1103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=110#V\n", + "i=48#A\n", + "i1=3#a\n", + "i2=3.5#A\n", + "motor_i=230#A\n", + "ra=0.035#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#motor\n", + "cu_loss=motor_i**2*ra\n", + "brush_loss=motor_i*2\n", + "totalarm_culoss=cu_loss+brush_loss\n", + "shunt_cu=v*i1\n", + "total_cu_lossm=totalarm_culoss+shunt_cu\n", + "#generator\n", + "arm_i=233-i+i2\n", + "cu_loss=arm_i**2*ra\n", + "brush_loss=arm_i*2\n", + "totalarm_culoss=cu_loss+brush_loss\n", + "shunt_cu=v*i2\n", + "total_cu_lossg=totalarm_culoss+shunt_cu\n", + "#set\n", + "totalcu_loss=total_cu_lossm+total_cu_lossg\n", + "total_input=v*i\n", + "stray_loss=total_input-totalcu_loss\n", + "strayloss_per=stray_loss/2\n", + "#motor efficiency\n", + "input_=233*v\n", + "output=input_-(total_cu_lossm+strayloss_per)\n", + "e=output/input_*100\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",e,\"%\"\n", + "#generator efficiency\n", + "input_=110*185\n", + "output=input_-(total_cu_lossg+strayloss_per)\n", + "e=output/input_*100\n", + "100\n", + "print \"generator efficiency=\",e,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor efficiency= 88.4590884705 %\n", + "generator efficiency= 88.5893642506 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.13, Page Number:1103" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable series\n", + "v=500.0#A\n", + "p=100*1000.0#w\n", + "auxiliary_i=30.0#A\n", + "output_i=200.0#A\n", + "i1=3.5#A\n", + "i2=1.8#A\n", + "ra=0.075#ohm\n", + "vdb=2.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motor_arm=output_i+auxiliary_i\n", + "motorarm_culoss=(motor_arm**2*ra)+(motor_arm*2)\n", + "motorfield_culoss=v*i2\n", + "generatorarm_culoss=(output_i**2*ra)+(output_i*2)\n", + "generatoefield_culoss=v*i1\n", + "total_culoss=motorarm_culoss+motorfield_culoss+generatorarm_culoss+generatoefield_culoss\n", + "power=v*auxiliary_i\n", + "stray_loss=power-total_culoss\n", + "permachine=stray_loss/2\n", + "total_loss=generatorarm_culoss+generatoefield_culoss+permachine\n", + "output=v*output_i\n", + "e=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 93.1001175389 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.14, Page Number:1104" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "motor_i=400.0#A\n", + "i1=6.0#A\n", + "i2=5.0#A\n", + "ra=0.015#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motora_culoss=motor_i**2*ra\n", + "generatora_culoss=(motor_i-i)**2*ra\n", + "power=v*i\n", + "stray_loss=power-(motora_culoss+generatora_culoss)\n", + "permachine=stray_loss/2\n", + "#motor\n", + "total_motor_loss=motora_culoss+(v*i2)+permachine\n", + "motor_input=(v*motor_i)+v*i2\n", + "motor_e=(motor_input-total_motor_loss)/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#generator\n", + "total_gen_loss=generatora_culoss+(v*i1)+permachine\n", + "gen_output=v*(motor_i-i)\n", + "gen_e=(gen_output-total_gen_loss)/gen_output\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",motor_e*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"generator efficiency\",gen_e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor efficiency= 92.3148148148 %\n", + "generator efficiency 91.4642857143 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 77 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.15, Page Number:1105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "i=50.0#A\n", + "ia=380.0#A\n", + "i1=5.0#A\n", + "i2=4.2#A\n", + "ra=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "motora_culoss=ia**2*ra\n", + "generatora_culoss=(ia-i)**2*ra\n", + "power=v*i\n", + "stray_loss=power-(motora_culoss+generatora_culoss)\n", + "permachine=stray_loss/2\n", + "#motor\n", + "total_motor_loss=motora_culoss+(v*i2)+permachine\n", + "motor_input=(v*ia)+v*i2\n", + "motor_e=(motor_input-total_motor_loss)/motor_input\n", + "\n", + "#generator\n", + "total_gen_loss=generatora_culoss+(v*i1)+permachine\n", + "gen_output=v*(ia-i)\n", + "gen_e=(gen_output-total_gen_loss)/gen_output\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",motor_e*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"generator efficiency\",gen_e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor efficiency= 88.7038001041 %\n", + "generator efficiency 95.2121212121 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 81 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.16, Page Number:1107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "v2=190.0#V\n", + "t=30#sec\n", + "t2=20#sec\n", + "i=20.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "avg_v=(v+v2)/2\n", + "avg_i=i/2\n", + "power=avg_v*avg_i\n", + "W=power*(t2/(t-t2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Stray loss=\",W,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Stray loss= 4100.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 85 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.17, Page Number:1107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabledeclaration\n", + "n1=1525.0#rpm\n", + "n2=1475.0#ohm\n", + "dt=25.0#sec\n", + "p=1000.0#W\n", + "t2=20.0#sec\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "N=(n1+n2)/2\n", + "w=p*(t2/(dt-t2))\n", + "dN=n1-n2\n", + "I=(w*dt)/((2*3.14/60)**2*N*dN)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Moment of Inertia=\",I,\"kg-m2\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Moment of Inertia= 121.708791432 kg-m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.18, Page Number:1108" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "v2=225.0#V\n", + "dt=25.0#sec\n", + "t2=6.0#ohm\n", + "iavg=10.0#A\n", + "i2=25.0#A\n", + "v3=250.0#V\n", + "ra=0.4#ohm\n", + "r=250.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "avg_v=(v+v2)/2\n", + "w_=avg_v*iavg\n", + "W=w_*(t2/(dt-t2))\n", + "ish=v3/r\n", + "ia=i2-ish\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*ra\n", + "cu_shunt=v3*ia\n", + "total_loss=W+cu_loss+v3\n", + "e=((v*i2)-total_loss)/(v*i2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "734.210526316\n", + "efficiency= 79.7564912281 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.19, Page Number:1108" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "n1=1030#rpm\n", + "n2=970#rpm\n", + "t1=36#sec\n", + "t2=15#sec\n", + "t3=9#sec\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "v=219#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "W=v*i*(t2/(dt-t2))\n", + "dN=n1-n2\n", + "I=(W*t2)/((2*3.14/60)**2*n*dN)\n", + "Wm=W*t2/t1\n", + "iron_loss=W-Wm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)moment of inertia=\",I,\"kg.m2\"\n", + "print \"ii)iron loss=\",iron_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"iii)mechanical losses=\",Wm,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)moment of inertia= 74.9650087225 kg.m2\n", + "ii)iron loss= 1916.25 W\n", + "iii)mechanical losses= 1368.75 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 99 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 31.20, Page Number:1110" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "iam=56.0#A\n", + "vam=590.0#V\n", + "vdm=40.0#V\n", + "iag=44.0#A\n", + "vag=400.0#V\n", + "vdg=40.0#V\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_total=(vdm+vam)*iam\n", + "output=vag*iag\n", + "total_loss=input_total-output\n", + "rse=vdg/iam\n", + "cu_loss=((r+2*rse)*iam**2)+(iag**2*r)\n", + "strayloss=total_loss-cu_loss\n", + "permachine=strayloss/2\n", + "#motor\n", + "inputm=vam*iam\n", + "culossm=(r+rse)*iam**2\n", + "totallossm=culossm+permachine\n", + "output=inputm-totallossm\n", + "em=output*100/inputm\n", + "#generator\n", + "inputg=vag*iag\n", + "culossg=(r)*iag**2\n", + "totalloss=culossg+permachine+(vdm*iam)\n", + "output=vag*iag\n", + "eg=output*100/(output+totalloss)\n", + "\n", + "print \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor efficiency=\",em,\"%\"\n", + "print \"generator efficiency=\",eg,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "motor efficiency= 72.6997578692 %\n", + "generator efficiency= 67.0220868241 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 115 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter32_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter32_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a29de087 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter32_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,5311 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:69b299b5398cdb7b833f53d6a7d05a19c0a433537449ffb871db80e61817fe5c" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 32: Transformer" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.1, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=250.0#V\n", + "v2=3000.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "phi=1.2#Wb-m2\n", + "e=8.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n1=v1/e\n", + "n2=v2/e\n", + "a=v2/(4.44*f*n2*phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary turns=\",n1\n", + "print \"secondary turns=\",n2\n", + "print \"area of core=\",round(a,2),\"m2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary turns= 31.25\n", + "secondary turns= 375.0\n", + "area of core= 0.03 m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.2, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100#KVA\n", + "v1=11000#V\n", + "v2=550#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "bm=1.3#Tesla\n", + "sf=0.9\n", + "per=10#%\n", + "a=20*20*sf/10000#m2\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "n1=v1/(4.44*f*bm*a)\n", + "n2=v2/(4.44*f*bm*a)\n", + "e_per_turn=v1/n1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV TURNS=\",round(n1)\n", + "print \"LV TURNS=\",round(n2)\n", + "print \"EMF per turns=\",round(e_per_turn,1),\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV TURNS= 1059.0\n", + "LV TURNS= 53.0\n", + "EMF per turns= 10.4 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.3, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=400.0\n", + "n2=1000.0\n", + "a=60.0/10000.0#cm2\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "e1=520.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "e2=k*e1\n", + "bm=e1/(4.44*f*n1*a)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"peak value of flux density=\",bm,\"WB/m2\"\n", + "print \"voltage induced in the secondary winding=\",e2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "peak value of flux density= 0.975975975976 WB/m2\n", + "voltage induced in the secondary winding= 1300.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.4, Page Number:1124" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "n1=500.0\n", + "n2=50.0\n", + "v=3000.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "i1=load*1000/v\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "e1=v/n1\n", + "e2=e1*n2\n", + "phim=v/(4.44*f*n1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary and secondary currents=\",i1,\"A\", i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"secondary emf=\",e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"flux=\",phim*1000,\"mWB\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary and secondary currents= 8.33333333333 A 83.3333333333 A\n", + "secondary emf= 300.0 V\n", + "flux= 27.027027027 mWB\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.5, Page Number:1123" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v1=11000#V\n", + "v2=550#V\n", + "load=300#kVA\n", + "phim=0.05#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e=4.44*f*phim\n", + "e2=v2/1.732\n", + "t1=v1/e\n", + "t2=e2/e\n", + "output=load/3\n", + "HV=100*1000/v1\n", + "LV=100*1000/e2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV turns=\",t1\n", + "print \"LV turns=\",t2\n", + "print \"emf per turn=\",e2\n", + "print \"full load HV=\",HV\n", + "print \"full load LV=\",LV" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV turns= 990.990990991\n", + "LV turns= 28.6082849593\n", + "emf per turn= 317.551963048\n", + "full load HV= 9\n", + "full load LV= 314.909090909\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.6, Page Number:1124" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=500.0\n", + "n2=1200.0\n", + "a=80.0/10000.0#m2\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phim=n1/(4.44*f*n1)\n", + "bm=phim/a\n", + "v2=n2*v/n1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"peak flux-density=\",bm,\"Wb\"\n", + "print \"voltage induced in the secondary=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "peak flux-density= 0.563063063063 Wb\n", + "voltage induced in the secondary= 1200.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.7, Page Number:1125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#varible declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "n1=250.0\n", + "n2=40.0\n", + "v=1500.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v2=n2*v/n1\n", + "i1=load*1000/v\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "phim=v/(4.44*f*n1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)primary current an secondary current=\",i1,\"A\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)seconary emf=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"iii)maximum flux=\",phim*1000,\"mWb\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)primary current an secondary current= 16.6666666667 A 104.166666667 A\n", + "ii)seconary emf= 240.0 V\n", + "iii)maximum flux= 27.027027027 mWb\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.8, Page Number:1125" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "a=20.0*20.0/10000#m2\n", + "phim=1.0#Wbm2\n", + "v1=3000.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t2=v2/(4.44*f*phim*a)\n", + "t1=t2*v1/v2\n", + "n1=t1/2\n", + "n2=t2/2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV turns=\",n1\n", + "print \"LV turns=\",n2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV turns= 168.918918919\n", + "LV turns= 12.3873873874\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.9, Page Number:1126" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "i1=0.6#A\n", + "p=400.0#W\n", + "v3=250.0#V\n", + "i0=0.5#A\n", + "pf=0.3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=p/v1\n", + "imu=(i1**2-il**2)**0.5\n", + "iw=i0*pf\n", + "imu2=(i0**2-iw**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"magnetising currents=\",imu,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iron loss current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"magnetising components of no load primary current=\",imu2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"working components of no-load primary current=\",iw,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "magnetising currents= 0.571788552492 A\n", + "iron loss current= 0.181818181818 A\n", + "magnetising components of no load primary current= 0.476969600708 A\n", + "working components of no-load primary current= 0.15 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.10, Page Number:1127" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=500.0\n", + "n2=40.0\n", + "l=150.0#cm\n", + "airgap=0.1#mm\n", + "e1=3000.0#V\n", + "phim=1.2#Wb/m2\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "d=7.8#grma/cm3\n", + "loss=2.0#watt/kg\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=e1/(4.44*f*n1*phim)\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "v2=k*e1\n", + "iron=l*5\n", + "air=phim*airgap/(1000*4*3.14*10**(-7))\n", + "bmax=iron+air\n", + "imu=bmax/(n1*2**0.5)\n", + "volume=l*a\n", + "im=volume*d*10\n", + "total_i=im*2\n", + "iw=total_i/(e1)\n", + "i0=(imu**2+iw**2)**0.5\n", + "pf=iw/i0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)cross sectional area=\",a*10000,\"cm2\"\n", + "print \"b)no load secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"c)no load current=\",imu,\"A\"\n", + "print \"d)power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)cross sectional area= 225.225225225 cm2\n", + "b)no load secondary voltage= 240.0 V\n", + "c)no load current= 1.19577611723 A\n", + "d)power factor= 0.145353269536\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 42 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.11, Page Number:1127" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=1000\n", + "n2=200\n", + "i=3#A\n", + "pf=0.2\n", + "i2=280#A\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi1=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "i2_=i2/5\n", + "phi2=math.acos(pf)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi2)\n", + "sinphi2=math.sin(math.acos(phi1))\n", + "i1=i*complex(pf,-sinphi)+i2_*complex(pf2,-sinphi2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",abs(i1),\"/_\",math.degrees(phi1),\"degrees\"\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= 64.4918252531 /_ 36.8698976458 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.12, Page Number:1130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=440.0#v\n", + "v2=110.0#V\n", + "i0=5.0#A\n", + "pf=0.2\n", + "i2=120.0#A\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phi2=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "phi0=math.acos(pf)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2_=k*i2\n", + "angle=phi2-phi0\n", + "i1=(i0**2+i2_**2+(2*i0*i2_*math.cos(angle)))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current taken by the primary=\",i1,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current taken by the primary= 33.9022604184 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.13, Page Number:1130" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n1=800.0\n", + "n2=200.0\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "i1=25.0#A\n", + "pf2=0.707\n", + "i2=80.0#A\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "i2_=i2*k\n", + "phi2=math.acos(pf)\n", + "phi1=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "i0pf2=i1*pf2-i2_*pf\n", + "i0sinphi=i1*pf2-i2_*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "phi0=math.atan(i0sinphi/i0pf2)\n", + "i0=i0sinphi/math.sin(phi0)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no load current=\",i0,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no load current= 5.91703050525 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.14, Page Number:1131" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "pf=0.2\n", + "ratio=4\n", + "i2=200#A\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi0=math.acos(pf)\n", + "phil=math.acos(pf)\n", + "i0=complex(2,-9.8)\n", + "i2_=complex(42.5,-26.35)\n", + "i1=i0+i2_\n", + "phi=math.acos(i1.real/57.333)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",math.degrees(phi),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= (44.5-36.15j) A\n", + "power factor= 39.0890154959 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.15, Page Number:1136" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable decaration\n", + "load=30.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=120.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r1=0.1#ohm\n", + "x1=0.22#ohm\n", + "r2=0.034#ohm\n", + "x2=0.012#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "r02=r2+r1*k**2\n", + "x02=x2+x1*k**2\n", + "z02=(r02**2+x02**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"high voltage side:\"\n", + "print \"equivalent winding resistance=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"low voltage side:\"\n", + "print \"equivalent winding resistance=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z02,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "high voltage side:\n", + "equivalent winding resistance= 13.7 ohm\n", + "reactance= 5.02 ohm\n", + "impedence= 14.5907642021 ohm\n", + "low voltage side:\n", + "equivalent winding resistance= 0.03425 ohm\n", + "reactance= 0.01255 ohm\n", + "impedence= 0.0364769105051 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.16, Page Number:1136" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=50.0#KVA\n", + "v1=4400.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "r1=3.45#ohm\n", + "r2=0.009#ohm\n", + "x1=5.2#ohm\n", + "x2=0.015#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "r02=r2+k**2*r1\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "x02=x2+x1*k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "z02=(r02**2+x02**2)**0.5\n", + "cu_loss=i1**2*r01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)resistance=\"\n", + "print \"primary=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"secondary=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"iii)reactance=\"\n", + "print \"primary=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"secondary=\",x02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"iv)impedence=\"\n", + "print \"primary=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"secondary=\",z02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"v)copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance=\n", + "primary= 7.05 ohm\n", + "secondary= 0.017625 ohm\n", + "reactance=\n", + "primary= 11.2 ohm\n", + "secondary= 0.028 ohm\n", + "impedence=\n", + "primary= 13.2341414531 ohm\n", + "secondary= 0.0330853536327 ohm\n", + "copper loss= 910.382231405 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 68 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.17, Page Number:1137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=10.0\n", + "load=50.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=240.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i2=load*1000/v\n", + "z2=v/(i2)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "z2_=z2/k**2\n", + "i2_=k*i2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)load impedence=\",z2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"b)impedence referred to high tension side=\",z2_,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"c)the value of current referred to the high tension side=\",i2_,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)load impedence= 1.152 ohm\n", + "b)impedence referred to high tension side= 115.2 ohm\n", + "c)the value of current referred to the high tension side= 20.8333333333 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 70 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.18, Page Number:1137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "v1=11000.0#V\n", + "v2=317.0#V\n", + "load2=0.62#kW\n", + "lvload=0.48#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v1/v2\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "r1=load2*1000/i**2\n", + "r2=lvload*1000/i2**2\n", + "r2_=r2*k**2\n", + "x01=4*v1/(i1*100)\n", + "x2_=x01*r2_/(r1+r2_)\n", + "x1=x01-x2_\n", + "x2=x2_*10/k**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)r1=\",r1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r2=\",r2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r2_=\",r2_,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ii)reactance=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x1=\",x1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x2=\",x2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x2_=\",x2_,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)r1= 7.502 ohm\n", + "r2= 0.004823472 ohm\n", + "r2_= 5.808 ohm\n", + "ii)reactance= 48.4 ohm\n", + "x1= 27.28 ohm\n", + "x2= 0.175398981818 ohm\n", + "x2_= 21.12 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 76 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.19, Page Number:1137" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declarations\n", + "k=19.5\n", + "r1=25.0#ohm\n", + "x1=100.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.06#ohm\n", + "x2=0.25#ohm\n", + "i=1.25#A\n", + "angle=30#degrees\n", + "i2=200#A\n", + "v=50#V\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v2=complex(500,0)\n", + "i2=i2*complex(0.8,-0.6)\n", + "z2=complex(r2,x2)\n", + "e2=v2+i2*z2\n", + "beta=math.atan(e2.imag/e2.real)\n", + "e1=e2*k\n", + "i2_=i2/k\n", + "angle=beta+math.radians(90)+math.radians(angle)\n", + "i0=i*complex(math.cos(angle),math.sin(angle))\n", + "i1=-i2_+i0\n", + "v2=-e1+i1*complex(r1,x1)\n", + "phi=math.atan(v2.imag/v2.real)-math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "power=abs(v2)*i*math.cos(math.radians(60))\n", + "r02=r2+r1/k**2\n", + "cu_loss=abs(i2)**2*r02\n", + "output=500*abs(i2)*pf2\n", + "loss=cu_loss+power\n", + "inpt=output+loss\n", + "efficiency=output*100/inpt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary applied voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"primary pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary applied voltage= (-11464.2126901-1349.15424294j) V\n", + "primary pf= 0.698572087114\n", + "efficiency= 86.7261056254 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 94 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.20, Page Number:1138" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable description\n", + "load=100#KVA\n", + "v1=1100#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "zh=complex(0.1,0.4)\n", + "zl=complex(0.006,0.015)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v1/v2\n", + "#HV \n", + "r1=zh.real+zl.real*k**2\n", + "x1=zh.imag+zl.imag*k**2\n", + "z1=(r1**2+x1**2)**0.5\n", + "#LV\n", + "r2=r1/k**2\n", + "x2=x1/k**2\n", + "z2=z1/k**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"HV:\"\n", + "print \"resistance=\",r1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"LV:\"\n", + "print \"resistance=\",r2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z2,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "HV:\n", + "resistance= 0.25 ohm\n", + "reactance= 0.775 ohm\n", + "impedence= 0.814324873745 ohm\n", + "LV:\n", + "resistance= 0.01 ohm\n", + "reactance= 0.031 ohm\n", + "impedence= 0.0325729949498 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 96 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.21, Page Number:1141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=230#V\n", + "v2=460#V\n", + "r1=0.2#ohm\n", + "x1=0.5#ohm\n", + "r2=0.75#ohm\n", + "x2=1.8#ohm\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=r2+k**2*r1\n", + "x02=x2+k**2*x1\n", + "vd=i*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "vt2=v2-vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary terminal voltage=\",vt2,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary terminal voltage= 424.8 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.22, Page Number:1141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=1.0#%\n", + "x=5.0#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "mu=r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "mu2=r**2+x*0\n", + "mu3=r*pf-x*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=0.8 lag:\",mu,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=1:\",mu2,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=0.8 lead:\",mu3,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation at pf=0.8 lag: 3.8 %\n", + "regulation at pf=1: 1.0 %\n", + "regulation at pf=0.8 lead: -2.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 98 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.23, Page Number:1141" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=5#%\n", + "r=2.5#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "phi=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "cosphi=math.cos(phi)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "regn=r*cosphi+x*sinphi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",cosphi" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 5.59016994375 %\n", + "pf= 0.4472135955\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 100 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.24, Page Number:1142" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=2.5#%\n", + "x=5#%\n", + "load1=500#KVA\n", + "load2=400#KVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kw=load2*pf\n", + "kvar=load2*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "drop=(r*kw/load1)+(x*kvar/load1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage voltage drop=\",drop,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage voltage drop= 4.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 102 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.26, Page Number:1145" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=600#V\n", + "v2=1080#V\n", + "v=720#V\n", + "load=8#W\n", + "load2=10#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ir2=load*1000/v2\n", + "il2=load*1000/v\n", + "ir2_=ir2*v2/v1\n", + "il2_=il2*v/v1\n", + "ir2=math.sqrt(ir2_**2+il2_**2)\n", + "s=complex(load,load2)\n", + "s=abs(s)\n", + "pf=load/s\n", + "i=s*load2*100/v1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= 21.3437474581 A\n", + "power factor= 0.624695047554\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 103 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.27, Page Number:1046" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "v1=110#V\n", + "i=0.5#A\n", + "p=30#W\n", + "r=0.6#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=v/v1\n", + "pf=p/(i*v)\n", + "sinphi=math.sqrt(1-pf**2)\n", + "ip=i*sinphi\n", + "iw=i*pf\n", + "cu_loss=i**2*r\n", + "iron_loss=p-cu_loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)turns ratio=\",ratio\n", + "print \"ii)magnetising component of no-load current=\",ip,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iii)working component of no-load current=\",iw,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iv)the iron loss=\",iron_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)turns ratio= 2\n", + "ii)magnetising component of no-load current= 0.481045692921 A\n", + "iii)working component of no-load current= 0.136363636364 A\n", + "iv)the iron loss= 29.85 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 104 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.28, Page Number:1047" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=1000.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vo=2000.0#V\n", + "io=1.2#A\n", + "po=90.0#W\n", + "vs=50.0#V\n", + "i_s=5.0#A\n", + "ps=110.0#W\n", + "p=3.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r0=v**2/po\n", + "ia0=v/r0\n", + "ip=math.sqrt(io**2-ia0**2)\n", + "xm=v/ip\n", + "z=vs/i_s\n", + "r=ps/25\n", + "x=math.sqrt(z**2-r**2)\n", + "r1=r*(v1/v2)**2\n", + "x1=x*(v1/v2)**2\n", + "i_lv1=load*1000/v\n", + "i_lv=(p*1000/pf)/v\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "reg=i_lv*(r1*pf+x1*sinphi)/v\n", + "vt=v2-reg*1000/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"LV crrent at rated load=\",i_lv1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"LV current at 3kW at 0.8 lagging pf\",i_lv,\"A\"\n", + "print \"output secondary voltage=\",vt,\"V\"\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",reg*100,\"%\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "LV crrent at rated load= 25.0 A\n", + "LV current at 3kW at 0.8 lagging pf 18.75 A\n", + "output secondary voltage= 999.832975251 V\n", + "percentage regulation= 3.34049498886 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 105 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.29, Page Number:1048" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "loss1=52.0#W\n", + "f1=40.0#Hz\n", + "loss2=90.0#W\n", + "f2=60.0#Hz\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ans=solve([(loss1/f1)-(A+f1*B),(loss2/f2)-(A+f2*B)],[A,B])\n", + "wh=ans[A]*f\n", + "we=ans[B]*f**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"hysteresis=\",round(wh),\"W\"\n", + "print \"eddy current=\",round(we),\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "hysteresis= 45.0 W\n", + "eddy current= 25.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.30, Page Number:1048" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab\n", + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "m=10#kg\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "f1=25.0\n", + "f2=40.0\n", + "f3=50.0\n", + "f4=60.0\n", + "f5=80.0\n", + "l1=18.5/f1\n", + "l2=36.0/f2\n", + "l3=50.0/f3\n", + "l4=66.0/f4\n", + "l5=104.0/f5\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ans=solve([l1/f1-(A+f1*B),l2/f2-(A+f2*B)],[A,B])\n", + "eddy_loss_per_kg=ans[B]*f**2/m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print\"eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz=\",eddy_loss_per_kg,\"W\"\n", + "\n", + "#plot\n", + "F=[f1,f2,f3,f4,f5]\n", + "L=[l1,l2,l3,l4,l5]\n", + "a=plot(F,L)\n", + "xlabel(\"f -->\") \n", + "ylabel(\"Wi/f\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,100))\n", + "plt.ylim((0.74,2))\n", + "show(a)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Using matplotlib backend: TkAgg\n", + "Populating the interactive namespace from numpy and matplotlib\n", + "eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz=" + ] + }, + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " -0.118333333333333 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.31, Page Number:1148" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "A=Symbol('A')\n", + "B=Symbol('B')\n", + "v1=440#V\n", + "f1=50#Hz\n", + "p1=2500#W\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "f2=25#Hz\n", + "p2=850#z\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ans=solve([(p1/f1)-(A+f1*B),(p2/f2)-(A+f2*B)],[A,B])\n", + "wh=ans[A]*f\n", + "we=ans[B]*f**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"hysteresis=\",round(wh),\"W\"\n", + "print \"eddy current=\",round(we),\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "hysteresis= 900.0 W\n", + "eddy current= 1600.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.32, Page Number:1149" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "f1=50.0#Hz\n", + "core=1000.0#W\n", + "wh=650.0#W\n", + "we=350.0#W\n", + "v2=2000.0#V\n", + "f2=100.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=wh/f1\n", + "b=we/f1**2\n", + "wh=a*f2\n", + "we=b*f2**2\n", + "new_core=wh+we\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new core loss=\",new_core,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " new core loss= 2700.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 111 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.33, Page Number:1149" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "phi=1.4#Wb/m2\n", + "we=1000.0#W\n", + "wh=3000.0#W\n", + "per=10.0#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "wh1=wh*1.1**1.6\n", + "we1=we*1.1**2\n", + "wh2=wh*0.9**(-0.6)\n", + "wh3=wh*1.1**1.6*1.1**(-0.6)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)wh and we when applied voltage is increased by 10%=\",wh1,\"W\",\"and\",we1,\"W\"\n", + "print \"b)wh when frequency is reduced by 10%=\",wh2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"c)wh and we when both voltage and frequency are increased y 10%=\",wh3,\"W\",\"and\",we1,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)wh and we when applied voltage is increased by 10%= 3494.21441464 W and 1210.0 W\n", + "b)wh when frequency is reduced by 10%= 3195.77171838 W\n", + "c)wh and we when both voltage and frequency are increased y 10%= 3300.0 W and 1210.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 119 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.34, Page Number:1150" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2200.0#V\n", + "f=40.0#Hz\n", + "loss=800.0#W\n", + "wh=600.0#W\n", + "we=loss-wh\n", + "v2=3300.0#V\n", + "f2=60.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "a=wh/f\n", + "b=we/f**2\n", + "core_loss=a*f2+b*f2**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"core loss at 60 Hz=\",core_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "core loss at 60 Hz= 1350.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 122 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.35, Page Number:1151" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=30.0#KvA\n", + "v1=6000.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "r1=10.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.016#ohm\n", + "x01=34.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "vsc=i1*z01\n", + "pf=r01/z01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary voltage=\",vsc,\"V\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary voltage= 199.519931911 V\n", + "pf= 0.523468222173\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 124 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.36, Page Number:1152" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vo=200.0#V\n", + "io=0.7#A\n", + "po=70.0#W\n", + "vs=15.0#v\n", + "i_s=10.0#A\n", + "ps=85.0#W\n", + "load=5.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cosphi0=po/(vo*io)\n", + "sinphi0=math.sin(math.acos(cosphi0))\n", + "iw=io*cosphi0\n", + "imu=io*sinphi0\n", + "r0=v1/iw\n", + "x0=v1/imu\n", + "z02=vs/i_s\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "z01=z02/k**2\n", + "r02=ps/i_s**2\n", + "r01=r02/k**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "output=load/pf\n", + "i2=output*1000/v2\n", + "x02=(z02**2-r02**2)**0.5\n", + "drop=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-drop\n", + "print z02\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "1.5\n", + "secondary voltage= 377.788243349 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 130 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.37, Page Number:1152" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "k=1.0/6\n", + "r1=0.9#ohm\n", + "x1=5.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.03#ohm\n", + "x2=0.13#ohm\n", + "vsc=330.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=vsc/z01\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "cosphisc=i1**2*r01/(vsc*i1)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current in low voltage winding=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",round(cosphisc,1)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current in low voltage winding= 200.396236149 A\n", + "pf= 0.2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 132 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.38, Page Number:1153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r1=0.2#ohm\n", + "x1=0.4#ohm\n", + "r2=0.5#ohm\n", + "x2=0.1#ohm\n", + "r0=1500.0#ohm\n", + "x0=750.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "imu=v1/x0\n", + "iw=v1/r0\n", + "i0=(iw**2+imu**2)**0.5\n", + "pi=v1*iw\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "vsc=i1*z01\n", + "power=i1**2*r01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"reading of instruments=\",vsc,\"V,\",i1,\"A,\",power,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "reading of instruments= 46.8187996429 V, 20.0 A, 880.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 140 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.39, Page Number:1153" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "y=Symbol('y')\n", + "load=1000#kVA\n", + "v1=110#V\n", + "v2=220#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "per1=98.5#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "per2=98.8#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculaions\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "inpt=output*100/per2\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "inpt_half=(load/2)*pf*100/per1\n", + "loss2=inpt_half-400\n", + "ans=solve([x+y-loss,(x/4)+y-loss2],[x,y])\n", + "kva=load*(ans[y]/ans[x])*0.5\n", + "output=kva*1\n", + "cu_loss=ans[y]\n", + "total_loss=2*cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"maximum efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load copper loss= 4.07324441521606 kW\n", + "maximum efficiency= 0.968720013059872 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 148 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.40, Page Number:1154" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=200.0#v\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "r01=0.15#ohm\n", + "x01=0.37#ohm\n", + "r0=600.0#ohm\n", + "x0=300.0#ohm\n", + "i2=10.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "imu=v1/x0\n", + "iw=v1/r0\n", + "i0=(imu**2+iw**2)**0.5\n", + "tantheta=iw/imu\n", + "theta=math.atan(tantheta)\n", + "theta0=math.radians(90)-theta\n", + "angle=theta0-math.acos(pf)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2_=i2*k\n", + "i1=(i0**2+i2_**2+2*i0*i2_*math.cos(angle))**0.5\n", + "r02=k**2*r01\n", + "x02=x01*k**2\n", + "vd=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)secondary terminal voltage=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)primary current= 20.6693546639 A\n", + "ii)secondary terminal voltage= 386.32 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 149 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.43, Page Number:1158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "n1=400.0\n", + "n2=80.0\n", + "r1=0.3#ohm\n", + "r2=0.01#ohm\n", + "x1=1.1#ohm\n", + "x2=0.035#ohm\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=n2/n1\n", + "r01=r1+r2/k**2\n", + "x01=x1+x2/k**2\n", + "z01=complex(r01,x01)\n", + "z02=k**2*z01\n", + "v2=k*v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "vd=i2*(z02.real*pf-z02.imag*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "regn=vd*100/v2\n", + "v2=v2-vd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)equivalent impedence=\",z02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ii)voltage regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"secondary terminal voltage=\",v2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)equivalent impedence= (0.022+0.079j) ohm\n", + "ii)voltage regulation= -1.53925619835 %\n", + "secondary terminal voltage= 446.772727273 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.44, Page Number:1158" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "va=450.0#V\n", + "vb=120.0#V\n", + "v1=120.0#V\n", + "i1=4.2#A\n", + "w1=80.0#W\n", + "v2=9.65#V\n", + "i2=22.2#A\n", + "w2=120.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=vb/va\n", + "i0=i1*k\n", + "cosphi0=w1/(va*i0)\n", + "phi0=math.acos(cosphi0)\n", + "sinphi0=math.sin(phi0)\n", + "iw=i0*cosphi0\n", + "imu=i0*sinphi0\n", + "r0=va/iw\n", + "x0=va/imu\n", + "z01=v2/i2\n", + "r01=vb/i2**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/va\n", + "drop=i1*(r01*pf+x01*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "regn=drop*100/va\n", + "loss=w1+w2\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss)\n", + "iron_loss=w1\n", + "cu_loss=(0.5**2)*w2\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=load*1000*pf/2\n", + "efficiency2=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)equivalent circuit constants=\"\n", + "print \"z01=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"x01=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r01=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"ii)efficiency and voltage regulation at pf=0.8=\",efficiency*100,\"%\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)efficiency at half load and pf=0.8=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)equivalent circuit constants=\n", + "z01= 0.434684684685 ohm\n", + "x01= 0.360090249002 ohm\n", + "r01= 0.243486729973 ohm\n", + "ii)efficiency and voltage regulation at pf=0.8= 97.5609756098 % 2.02885695496 %\n", + "iii)efficiency at half load and pf=0.8= 97.3236009732 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 162 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.45, Page Number:1159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#kVA\n", + "va=2200.0#V\n", + "vb=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=220.0#V\n", + "i1=4.2#A\n", + "w1=148.0#W\n", + "v2=86.0#V\n", + "i2=10.5#A\n", + "w2=360.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z01=v2/i2\n", + "r01=w2/i2**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/va\n", + "drop=i1*(r01*pf+x01*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "regn=drop*100/va\n", + "pf=r01/z01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",round(pf,1),\"lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 2.94177963326 %\n", + "pf= 0.4 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 172 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.46, Page Number:1159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2000.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "v=60.0#V\n", + "i=4.0#A\n", + "w=100.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v_=400.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z01=v/i\n", + "r01=w/i**2\n", + "x01=(z01**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "vd=i1*(r01*pf+x01*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage applied to hv side=\",v1+vd,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage applied to hv side= 2065.90767043 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 182 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.47, Page Number:1159" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=250.0#V\n", + "v2=500.0#V\n", + "vs=20.0#V\n", + "i_s=12.0#A\n", + "ws=100.0#W\n", + "vo=250.0#V\n", + "io=1.0#A\n", + "wo=80.0#W\n", + "i2=10#A\n", + "v2=500#V\n", + "pg=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "cosphi0=wo/(vo*io)\n", + "iw=io*cosphi0\n", + "imu=(1-iw**2)**0.5\n", + "r0=v1/iw\n", + "x0=v1/imu\n", + "r02=ws/i_s**2\n", + "z02=vs/i_s\n", + "x02=(z02**2-r02**2)**0.5\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=r02/k**2\n", + "x01=x02/k**2\n", + "z01=z02/k**2\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*r02\n", + "iron_loss=wo\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=i2*v2*pf/(i2*v2*pf+total_loss)\n", + "v1_=((vo*pf+x01)**2+(vo*math.sin(math.acos(pf))+i1*x01)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"applied voltage=\",v1_,\"V\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "applied voltage= 251.442641983 V\n", + "efficiency= 96.3984469139 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 190 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.48, Page Number:1160" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=230.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "load=3.0#kVA\n", + "vo=230.0#V\n", + "io=2.0#A\n", + "wo=100.0#W\n", + "vs=15.0#V\n", + "i_s=13.0#A\n", + "ws=120.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v1\n", + "cu_loss=ws\n", + "core_loss=wo\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss+core_loss)\n", + "z=vs/i_s\n", + "r=ws/(vs**2)\n", + "x=(z**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=i*(r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))*100/v1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 5.90121149256 %\n", + "efficiency= 91.6030534351 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 194 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.49, Page Number:1161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "efficiency=0.94\n", + "per=0.90\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=per*load*1000\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "core_loss=loss/2\n", + "pc=core_loss/per**2\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "cu_loss=pc\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+cu_loss+core_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 92.5728354534 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 196 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.50, Page Number:1161" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=2300.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "r1=3.96#ohm\n", + "r2=0.0396#ohm\n", + "x1=15.8#ohm\n", + "x2=0.158#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "r=r2+r1*(v2/v1)**2\n", + "x=x1*(v2/v1)**2+x2\n", + "v1_=v2+i*(r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v1=v1_*(v1/v2)\n", + "phi=math.atan(r/x)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)HV side voltage necessary=\",v1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"b)pf=\",round(pf,2)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)HV side voltage necessary= 2409.9826087 V\n", + "b)pf= 0.97\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 199 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.51, Page Number:1162" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#v\n", + "r1=3.4#ohm\n", + "x1=7.2#ohm\n", + "r2=0.028#ohm\n", + "x2=0.060#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v2\n", + "r=r1*(v2/v1)**2+r2\n", + "x=x1*(v2/v1)**2+x2\n", + "ad=i*r*pf\n", + "dc=i*x*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "oc=v2+ad+dc\n", + "bd=i*r*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "b_f=x*pf\n", + "cf=b_f-bd\n", + "v1_=(oc**2+cf**2)**0.5\n", + "v1=v1_*(v1/v2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage on hv side=\",v1,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage on hv side= 2229.28500444 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 200 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.52, Page Number:1163" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=4.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "i1=0.7#A\n", + "w1=65.0#W\n", + "v=15.0#V\n", + "i2=10.0#A\n", + "w2=75.0#W\n", + "pf=0.80\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=load*1000/v1\n", + "ih=load*1000/v2\n", + "cu_loss=w2\n", + "constant_loss=w1\n", + "z=v/i2\n", + "r=w2/i2**2\n", + "x=(z**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "efficiency=load*100000/(load*1000+cu_loss+constant_loss)\n", + "regn=i2*(r*pf+x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full load regulation=\",regn,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load efficiency= 96.6183574879 %\n", + "full load regulation= 13.7942286341 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 209 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.53, Page Number:1164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=3300.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "load=50.0#kVA\n", + "z=4\n", + "cu_loss=1.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "x=(z**2-cu_loss**2)**0.5\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "r01=cu_loss*v1/(100*i1)\n", + "x01=x*v1/(100*i1)\n", + "z01=z*v1/(100*i1)\n", + "isc=i1*100/z\n", + "print \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"%x=\",x,\"%\"\n", + "print \"resistance=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"reactance=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"impedence=\",z01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"primary sc current=\",isc,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "%x= 3.5721142199 %\n", + "resistance= 3.9204 ohm\n", + "reactance= 7.78006477094 ohm\n", + "impedence= 8.712 ohm\n", + "primary sc current= 378.787878788 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 214 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.54, Page Number:1164" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vo=220.0#V\n", + "i_o=4.2#A\n", + "wo=148.0#W\n", + "vs=86.0#V\n", + "i_s=10.5#A\n", + "ws=360.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r01=ws/i_s**2\n", + "r02=k**2*r01\n", + "z10=vs/i_s\n", + "x01=(z10**2-r01**2)**0.5\n", + "x02=k**2*x01\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "v1_=((v1*pf+i1*r01)**2+(v1*math.sin(math.acos(pf))+i1*x01)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn1=(v1_-v1)/v1\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "core_loss=wo\n", + "cu_loss=i1**2*r01\n", + "cu_loss_half=(i1/2)**2*r01\n", + "efficiency=load*1000*pf*100/(load*1000*pf+core_loss+cu_loss)\n", + "efficiency_half=(load/2)*1000*pf*100/((load/2)*1000*pf+core_loss+cu_loss)\n", + "print v1_ \n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)core loss=\",wo,\"W\"\n", + "print \"b)equivalent resistance primary=\",r01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"c)equivalent resistance secondary=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"d)equivalent reactance primary=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"e)equivalent reactance secondary=\",x02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"f)regulation=\",regn1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"g)efficiency at full load=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"h)efficiency at half load=\",efficiency_half,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "2265.01840886\n", + "a)core loss= 148.0 W\n", + "b)equivalent resistance primary= 3.26530612245 ohm\n", + "c)equivalent resistance secondary= 0.0326530612245 ohm\n", + "d)equivalent reactance primary= 7.51143635755 ohm\n", + "e)equivalent reactance secondary= 0.0751143635755 ohm\n", + "f)regulation= 2.95538222101 %\n", + "g)efficiency at full load= 97.4548448466 %\n", + "h)efficiency at half load= 95.0360304208 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 222 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.55, Page Number:1165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "er=1.0/100\n", + "ex=5.0/100\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "regn=er*pf+ex*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "regn2=er*1\n", + "regn3=er*pf-ex*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)regulation with pf=0.8 lag=\",regn*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)regulation with pf=1=\",regn2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)regulation with pf=0.8 lead=\",regn3*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)regulation with pf=0.8 lag= 3.8 %\n", + "ii)regulation with pf=1= 1.0 %\n", + "iii)regulation with pf=0.8 lead= -2.2 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 223 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.56, Page Number:1165" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=500#kVA\n", + "v1=3300#V\n", + "v2=500#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "per=0.97\n", + "ratio=3.0/4\n", + "zper=0.10\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "output=load*ratio*1\n", + "x=0.75\n", + "pi=0.5*(output*(1/per-1))\n", + "pc=pi/x**2\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "r=pc*1000/i1**2\n", + "er=i1*r/v1\n", + "ez=zper\n", + "ex=(ez**2-er**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=er*pf+ex*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 7.52529846012 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 225 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.57, Page Number:1166" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "cu_loss=1.5#%\n", + "xdrop=3.5#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pur=cu_loss/100\n", + "pux=xdrop/100\n", + "regn2=pur*pf+pux*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "regn1=pur*1\n", + "regn3=pur*pf-pux*math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)regulation at unity pf=\",regn1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)regulation at 0.8 lag=\",regn2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)regulation at 0.8 lead=\",regn3*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)regulation at unity pf= 1.5 %\n", + "ii)regulation at 0.8 lag= 3.3 %\n", + "iii)regulation at 0.8 lead= -0.9 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 226 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.58, Page Number:1168" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=250#KVA\n", + "w1=5.0#kW\n", + "w2=7.5#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.75\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "total_loss=w1+w2\n", + "loss=total_loss/2\n", + "cu_loss=efficiency**2*w2/2\n", + "output=load*efficiency*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss+2.5)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.0186963113 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 229 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.59, Page Number:1170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2000.0#V\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "w1=350.0#W\n", + "w2=400.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "total_loss=w1+w2\n", + "output=load*1000*1\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "cu_loss=w2*(0.5)**2\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+w1\n", + "efficiency2=(load*1000/2)/((load*1000/2)+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)efficiency at full load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)efficiency at half load=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)efficiency at full load= 97.0873786408 %\n", + "ii)efficiency at half load= 96.5250965251 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 232 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.60, Page Number:1170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=0.75\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=efficiency**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of P1 and P2=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of P1 and P2= 0.5625\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 233 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.61, Page Number:1170" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11000.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "load1=150.0#KVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "loss=1.4#kW\n", + "cu_loss=1.6#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "load=load1*(cu_loss/loss)**0.5\n", + "total_loss=loss*2\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "cu_loss=cu_loss*(0.5)**2\n", + "total_loss=total_loss+cu_loss\n", + "output2=(load/2)*pf\n", + "efficiency2=output2/(output2+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)kVA load for max efficiency=\",load1,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"max efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)efficiency at half load=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)kVA load for max efficiency= 150.0 kVA\n", + "max efficiency= 98.283858876 %\n", + "ii)efficiency at half load= 95.2481856352 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 237 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.62, Page Number:1171" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "%pylab\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5#kVA\n", + "v1=2300#V\n", + "v2=230#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "iron_loss=40#W\n", + "cu_loss=112#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "#calculations\n", + "def e(k):\n", + " e=k*pf*1000*100/(k*pf*1000+(cu_loss*(k/5)**2+40))\n", + " return(e)\n", + "\n", + "e1=e(1.25)\n", + "e2=e(2.5)\n", + "e3=e(3.75)\n", + "e4=e(5.0)\n", + "e5=e(6.25)\n", + "e6=e(7.5)\n", + "\n", + "K=[1.25,2.5,3.75,5.0,6.25,7.5]\n", + "E=[e1,e2,e3,e4,e5,e6]\n", + "a=plot(K,E)\n", + "xlabel(\"load,kVA\") \n", + "ylabel(\"Efficiency\") \n", + "plt.xlim((0,8))\n", + "plt.ylim((92,98))\n", + "show(a)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.63, Page Number:1171" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=200.0#kVA\n", + "efficiency=0.98\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*pf\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "x=loss*1000/(1+9.0/16)\n", + "y=(9.0/16)*x\n", + "cu_loss=x*(1.0/2)**2\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+y\n", + "output=load*pf*0.5\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss/1000)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency at hald load=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency at hald load= 97.9216626699 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.64, Page Number:1172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=25.0#kVA\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "r1=1.0#ohm\n", + "r2=0.01#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "loss=0.80\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=r2+k**2*r1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*r02\n", + "iron_loss=loss*cu_loss\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+iron_loss\n", + "output=load*pf*1000\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary resistance=\",r02,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary resistance= 0.02 ohm\n", + "efficiency= 97.7284199899 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.65, Page Number:1172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=4.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "r01=0.5#ohm\n", + "x01=1.5#ohm\n", + "ratio=3.0/4\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "loss=100.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=k**2*r01\n", + "x02=k**2*x01\n", + "i2=1000*load*ratio/v2\n", + "drop=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-drop\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*r02\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=load*ratio*pf\n", + "inpt=output*1000+total_loss\n", + "efficiency=output*1000/(inpt)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output=\",output,\"w\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output= 2.4 w\n", + "efficiency= 91.8660287081 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.66, Page Number:1172" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#KVA\n", + "v1=440.0#V\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "loss=324.0#W\n", + "cu_loss=100.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=4*cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=load*pf/(load*pf+cu_loss/1000+loss/1000)\n", + "per=(loss/cu_loss)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"ii)percent of full-load=\",per*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)efficiency= 95.6708921311 %\n", + "ii)percent of full-load= 90.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.67, Page Number:1173" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=4.0#kVA\n", + "v1=200.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "vo=200.0#V\n", + "io=0.8#A\n", + "wo=70.0#W\n", + "vs=20.0#V\n", + "i_s=10.0#A\n", + "ws=60.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "loss=ws+wo\n", + "output=load*pf\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss/1000)\n", + "z02=vs/i_s\n", + "r02=ws/i2**2\n", + "x02=(z02**2-r02**2)**0.5\n", + "drop=i2*(r02*pf+x02*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "v2=v2-drop\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "load=load*(wo/ws)**0.5\n", + "load=load*1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"load at unity pf=\",load,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 96.0960960961 %\n", + "secondary voltage= 383.752729583 V\n", + "current= 20.0 A\n", + "load at unity pf= 4.32049379894 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.69, Page Number:1174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=Symbol('x')\n", + "y=Symbol('y')\n", + "load=600.0#KVA\n", + "efficiency=0.92\n", + "per=0.60\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "inpt=load/efficiency\n", + "loss1=inpt-load\n", + "inpt2=load/(2*efficiency)\n", + "loss2=inpt2-load/2\n", + "ans=solve([x+y-loss1,x+y/4-loss2],[x,y])\n", + "cu_loss=ans[y]*0.36\n", + "loss=cu_loss+ans[x]\n", + "output=load*per\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "389.913043478261\n", + "efficiency= 92.3282783229260 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.70, Page Number:1174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100#kVA\n", + "e1=0.98\n", + "e2=0.80\n", + "pf=8\n", + "z=0.05\n", + "pf1=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*pf1*e2\n", + "inpt=output/e1\n", + "loss=-output+inpt\n", + "cu_loss=loss/2\n", + "cu_loss_full=cu_loss/pf1**2\n", + "r=round(cu_loss_full*100/load)\n", + "sin=math.sin(math.acos(pf1))\n", + "regn=(r*pf1+5*sin)+(1.0/200)*(5*pf1-r*sin)**2\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage regulation= 3.8578 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.71, Page Number:1174" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#KVA\n", + "v1=5000.0#V\n", + "v2=440.0#V\n", + "f=25.0#Hz\n", + "cu_loss=1.5\n", + "we=0.5\n", + "wh=0.6\n", + "v2=10000.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss1=cu_loss*load/100\n", + "we1=we*load/100\n", + "wh1=wh*load/100\n", + "cu_loss2=cu_loss1\n", + "we2=(we1*(50.0/25.0)**2)\n", + "wh2=(wh1*(50.0/25))\n", + "e1=load*100/(load+cu_loss1+we1+wh1)\n", + "e2=load*2*100/(load*2+cu_loss2+we2+wh2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency in first case=\",e1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full load efficiency in second case=\",e2,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "20.47 0.06 0.05\n", + "full load efficiency in first case= 97.4658869396 %\n", + "full load efficiency in second case= 97.7039570103 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.72, Page Number:1175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=300#KVA\n", + "r=1.5#%\n", + "load1=173.2#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=r*load*1000/100\n", + "iron_loss=(load1/load)**2*cu_loss\n", + "total_loss=cu_loss+iron_loss\n", + "efficiency=(load*pf)*100/((load*pf)+(total_loss/1000))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.5610105096 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.73, Page Number:1175" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100#kVA\n", + "v1=2300#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "phim=1.2#Wb/m2\n", + "a=0.04#m2\n", + "l=2.5#m\n", + "bm=1200\n", + "inpt=1200#W\n", + "pi=400#W\n", + "efficiency=0.75\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "f2=100#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "n1=v1/(4.44*f*phim*a)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "n2=k*n1\n", + "i=1989/n1\n", + "cu_loss=efficiency**2*inpt\n", + "total_loss=pi+cu_loss\n", + "output=load*efficiency*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+total_loss/1000)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)n1=\",round(n1)\n", + "print \" n2=\",round(n2)\n", + "print \"b)magnetising current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"c)efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.00643416423287\n", + "a)n1= 216.0\n", + " n2= 22.0\n", + "b)magnetising current= 9.21512347826 A\n", + "c)efficiency= 98.2398690135 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.74, Page Number:1176" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=1.8\n", + "x=5.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pf=r/x\n", + "phi=math.atan(pf)\n", + "phi2=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "regn=r*math.cos(phi2)+x*math.sin(phi2)\n", + "efficiency=100/(100+r*2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)i)phi=\",math.degrees(phi),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \" ii)regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "print \"b)efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)i)phi= 18.4349488229 degrees\n", + " ii)regulation= 5.6920997883 %\n", + "b)efficiency= 96.5250965251 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.75, Page Number:1176" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "vo=250.0#V\n", + "io=3.0#A\n", + "wo=200.0#W\n", + "vsc=15.0#V\n", + "isc=30.0#A\n", + "wsc=300.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v2\n", + "cu_loss=(i/isc)**2*wsc\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss+wo)\n", + "z=vsc/isc\n", + "r=wsc/isc**2\n", + "x=(z**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(i/v2)*(r*pf-x*math.sin(math.acos(pf)))*v2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 91.6030534351 %\n", + "regulation= 1.72239475667 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 64 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.76, Page Number:1177" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=40.0#kVA\n", + "loss=400.0#W\n", + "cu_loss=800.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "x=(loss/cu_loss)**0.5\n", + "output=load*x*1\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+load*2/100)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.2493723732 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 71 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.77, Page Number:1178" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10#kVA\n", + "v1=500#V\n", + "v2=250#V\n", + "vsc=60#V\n", + "isc=20#A\n", + "wsc=150#W\n", + "per=1.2\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/v1\n", + "cu_loss=per**2*wsc\n", + "output=per*load*1.0\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+cu_loss*2/1000)\n", + "output=load*1000*pf\n", + "e2=output*100/(output+cu_loss+wsc)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full-load efficiency=\",e2,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum efficiency= 96.5250965251 %\n", + "full-load efficiency= 95.6251494143 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.78, Page Number:1181" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=500.0#kVA\n", + "cu_loss=4.5#kW\n", + "iron_loss=3.5#kW\n", + "t1=6.0#hrs\n", + "t2=10.0#hrs\n", + "t3=4.0#hrs\n", + "t4=4.0#hrs\n", + "load1_=400.0#kW\n", + "load2_=300.0#kW\n", + "load3_=100.0#kW\n", + "pf1=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.75\n", + "pf3=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "load1=load1_/pf1\n", + "load2=load2_/pf2\n", + "load3=load3_/pf3\n", + "wc1=cu_loss\n", + "wc2=cu_loss*(load2/load1)**2\n", + "wc3=cu_loss*(load3/load1)**2\n", + "twc=(t1*wc1)+(t2*wc2)+(t3*wc3)+(t4*0)\n", + "iron_loss=24*iron_loss\n", + "total_loss=twc+iron_loss\n", + "output=(t1*load1_)+(t2*load2_)+(t3*load3_)\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",round(efficiency,1),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.6 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 86 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.79, Page Number:1182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "loss=3.0#kW\n", + "tf=3.0#hrs\n", + "th=4.0#hrs\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "iron_loss=loss*24/2\n", + "wcf=loss*tf/2\n", + "wch=loss/8\n", + "wch=wch*4\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+wch+wcf\n", + "output=load*tf+load*th/2\n", + "efficiency=output*100/(output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 92.2509225092 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 89 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.80, Page Number:1182" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=100.0#KW\n", + "efficiency=0.98\n", + "tf=4.0#hrs\n", + "th=6.0#hrs\n", + "t10=14.0#hrs\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#1st transformer\n", + "inpt=load/efficiency\n", + "tloss=inpt-load\n", + "y=tloss/2\n", + "x=y\n", + "iron_loss=x*24\n", + "cu_loss=x*tf+th*(x/2**2)+t10*(x/10**2)\n", + "loss=iron_loss+cu_loss\n", + "output=tf*load+th*load/2+t10*10\n", + "e1=output/(output+loss)\n", + "#2nd transformer\n", + "y=tloss/(1+1.0/4)\n", + "x=(tloss-y)\n", + "iron_loss=x*24\n", + "wc=tf*y+th*(y/2**2)+t10*(y/10**2)\n", + "loss=iron_loss+wc\n", + "e2=output/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency of forst transformer=\",e1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"efficiency ofsecond transformer=\",e2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.408163265306 1.63265306122\n", + "efficiency of forst transformer= 96.5245532574 %\n", + "efficiency ofsecond transformer= 97.7876610788 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 96 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.81, Page Number:1183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "efficiency=0.95\n", + "nl=10.0#hrs\n", + "ql=7.0#hrs\n", + "hl=5.0#hrs\n", + "fl=2.0#hrs\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "inpt=load/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-load\n", + "wc_fl=loss/2\n", + "iron_loss=loss/2\n", + "wc_fl_4=(1.0/4)**2*wc_fl\n", + "wc_fl_2=(1.0/2)**2*wc_fl\n", + "wc_ql=ql*wc_fl_4\n", + "wc_hl=hl*wc_fl_2\n", + "wc_fl_2=fl*wc_fl\n", + "wc=wc_ql+wc_hl+wc_fl_2\n", + "wh=wc\n", + "loss=wh+24*iron_loss\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "half_output=(output/2)\n", + "q_load=(load/4)\n", + "output=ql*q_load+hl*half_output+fl*output\n", + "e=output*100/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 89.5592740985 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 115 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.82, Page Number:1183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=0.98\n", + "load=15#kVA\n", + "t1=12.0#hrs\n", + "t2=6.0#hrs\n", + "t3=6.0#hrs\n", + "pf1=0.5\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "k1=2#kW\n", + "k2=12#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "wc=loss/2\n", + "wi=loss/2\n", + "w1=k1/pf1\n", + "w2=k2/pf2\n", + "wc1=wc*(4/load)\n", + "wc2=wc\n", + "wc12=t1*wc1\n", + "wc6=t2*wc2\n", + "wc=(wc12+wc6)\n", + "wi=24*wi\n", + "output=(k1*t1)+(t2*k2)\n", + "inpt=output+wc+wi\n", + "e=output*100/inpt\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",e,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.918367346939 3.67346938776\n", + "efficiency= 95.4351795496 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 120 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.83, Page Number:1184" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=150.0#KVA\n", + "l1_=100.0#kVA\n", + "t=3.0#hrs\n", + "loss=1.0#KW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "l1=l1_/2\n", + "l2=l1_\n", + "output=load*1\n", + "loss=loss*2\n", + "e1=output/(output+loss)\n", + "wc1=t*(1.0/3)**2*1\n", + "wc2=8*(2.0/3)**2*1\n", + "wc=wc1+wc2\n", + "wi=24*1\n", + "loss=wc+wi\n", + "output=3*(l1*1)+8*(l2*1)\n", + "e2=(output*100)/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ordinary efficiency=\",e1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"all day efficiency=\",e2,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ordinary efficiency= 98.6842105263 %\n", + "all day efficiency= 97.1480513578 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 127 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.84, Page Number:1184" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=50#KVA\n", + "efficiency=0.94#%\n", + "nl=10\n", + "hl=5.0\n", + "ql=6.0\n", + "fl=3.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pi=0.5*(load*1000)*(1-efficiency)/efficiency\n", + "wch=(0.5)**2*pi\n", + "eh=wch*hl/1000\n", + "wcq=(0.25)**2*pi\n", + "eq=ql*wcq/1000\n", + "e3=pi*3/1000\n", + "e2=pi*24/1000\n", + "e=25*hl+12.5*ql+50*fl\n", + "efficiency=e/(e+e2+eh+eq+e3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 88.4557217274 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.85, Page Number:1185" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "t1=7.0#hrs\n", + "t2=4.0#hrs\n", + "t3=8.0#hrs\n", + "t4=5.0#hrs\n", + "k1=3.0#kW\n", + "k2=8.0#kW\n", + "pf1=0.6\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "x1=k1/(pf1*load)\n", + "x2=k2/(pf2*load)\n", + "x3=load/(1*load)\n", + "pc1=(0.5)**2*0.1\n", + "pc2=pc3=0.10\n", + "o1=k1*t1\n", + "o2=k2*t2\n", + "o3=k2*load\n", + "output=o1+o2+o3\n", + "wc1=pc1*t1\n", + "wc2=pc2*t2\n", + "wc3=pc3*t3\n", + "cu_loss=wc1+wc2+wc3\n", + "loss=400.0*24/10000\n", + "efficiency=output/(output+loss+cu_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficency= 98.27465179 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 142 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.86, Page Number:1185" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=.98\n", + "load=15.0#kVA\n", + "t1=12.0\n", + "t2=6.0\n", + "t3=6.0\n", + "pf1=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "pf3=0.9\n", + "k1=2.0\n", + "k2=12.0\n", + "k3=18.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=load*1000\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "loss=inpt-output\n", + "cu_loss=loss/2\n", + "x1=k1/(0.5*load)\n", + "x2=k2/(pf2*load)\n", + "x3=k3/(pf3*load)\n", + "wc1=0.131\n", + "wc2=0.918\n", + "wc3=1.632\n", + "o1=t1*k1\n", + "o2=t2*k2\n", + "o3=t3*k3\n", + "output=o1+o2+o3\n", + "loss=wc1+wc2+wc3+0.153*24\n", + "efficiency=(output*100)/(output+loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 96.9798386522 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.87, Page Number:1188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3.0#kW\n", + "v1=115.0#V\n", + "v2=230.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "k=v1/v2\n", + "power=load*(1-k)\n", + "power2=k*load\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)power transferred inductively=\",power,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"b)power transferred conductively=\",power2,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)power transferred inductively= 1.5 kW\n", + "b)power transferred conductively= 1.5 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 145 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.88, Page Number:1188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i1=k*i\n", + "saving=k*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"economy of cu=\",saving" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "economy of cu= 80.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 147 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.89, Page Number:1188" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=500.0#KVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=6600.0#V\n", + "v2=5000.0#V\n", + "e=8.0#V\n", + "phim1=1.3#Wb/m2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phim=e/(4.44*f)\n", + "area=phim/phim1\n", + "n1=v1/e\n", + "n2=v2/e\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"core area=\",area*10000,\"m2\"\n", + "print \"number of turns on the hv side=\",n1\n", + "print \"number of turns on the lv side=\",n2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "core area= 277.2002772 m2\n", + "number of turns on the hv side= 825.0\n", + "number of turns on the lv side= 625.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 150 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.90, Page Number:1189" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i1=round(load*1000/v1,1)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "kva=2640*i2*0.001\n", + "kva_per=kva*100/load\n", + "i1_=kva*1000/v1\n", + "ic=i1_-i2\n", + "over=ic*100/i1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)i1=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)i2=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iii)kVA rating=\",kva,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"iv)per cent increase in kVA=\",kva_per,\"%\"\n", + "print \"v)I1=\",i1_,\"A\"\n", + "print \" Ic=\",ic,\"A\"\n", + "print \"vi)per cent overload=\",over,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)i1= 8.3 A\n", + "ii)i2= 83.0 A\n", + "iii)kVA rating= 219.12 kVA\n", + "iv)per cent increase in kVA= 1095.6 %\n", + "v)I1= 91.3 A\n", + " Ic= 8.3 A\n", + "vi)per cent overload= 100.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 159 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.91, Page Number:1190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#KVA\n", + "v1=2400.0#V\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i1=round(load*1000/v1,1)\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "i2=i1/k\n", + "kva=2160*i2*0.001\n", + "kva_per=kva*100/load\n", + "i1_=kva*1000/v1\n", + "ic=i2-i1_\n", + "over=ic*100/i1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)i1=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ii)i2=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iii)kVA rating=\",kva,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"iv)per cent increase in kVA=\",kva_per,\"%\"\n", + "print \"v)I1=\",i1_,\"A\"\n", + "print \" Ic=\",ic,\"A\"\n", + "print \"vi)per cent overload=\",over,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)i1= 8.3 A\n", + "ii)i2= 83.0 A\n", + "iii)kVA rating= 179.28 kVA\n", + "iv)per cent increase in kVA= 896.4 %\n", + "v)I1= 74.7 A\n", + " Ic= 8.3 A\n", + "vi)per cent overload= 100.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 160 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.92, Page Number:1190" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5.0#kVA\n", + "v1=110.0#V\n", + "v2=110.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "efficiency=0.95\n", + "iron_loss=50.0#W\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=load*1000/efficiency-load*1000-iron_loss\n", + "efficiency=load*1000/(load*1000+cu_loss/4+iron_loss)\n", + "i2=(load*1000+cu_loss/4+iron_loss)/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"current drawn on hv side=\",i2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "efficiency= 97.9760216579 %\n", + "current drawn on hv side= 23.1967703349 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.93, Page Number:1191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11500#V\n", + "v2=2300#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kva=(v1+v2)*50*0.001\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage output=\",v1+v2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"kVA rating of auto transformer=\",kva,\"kVA\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage output= 13800 V\n", + "kVA rating of auto transformer= 690.0 kVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 164 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.94, Page Number:1191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11500.0#V\n", + "v2=2300.0#V\n", + "load=100.0#KVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=load*100/v1\n", + "i2=load*100/v2\n", + "kva1=(v1+v2)*i1/(100)\n", + "kva2=(v1+v2)*i2/(100)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage ratios=\",(v1+v2)/v1,\"or\",(v1+v2)/v2\n", + "print \"kVA rating in first case=\",kva1\n", + "print \"kVA rating in second case=\",kva2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage ratios= 1.2 or 6.0\n", + "kVA rating in first case= 120.0\n", + "kVA rating in second case= 600.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 167 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.95, Page Number:1192" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=2400.0#v\n", + "v2=240.0#V\n", + "load=50.0#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=load*1000/v1\n", + "i2=load*1000/v2\n", + "output=2640*i2\n", + "i=i2*2640/v1\n", + "k=2640/v1\n", + "poweri=v1*i1*0.001\n", + "power=output/1000-poweri\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rating of the auto-transformer=\",output/1000,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"inductively transferred powers=\",poweri,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"conductively transferred powers=\",power,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rating of the auto-transformer= 550.0 kVA\n", + "inductively transferred powers= 50.0 kW\n", + "conductively transferred powers= 500.0 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 169 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.96, Page Number:1196" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "za=complex(0.5,3)\n", + "zb=complex(0.,10)\n", + "load=100#KW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load/pf*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa)*math.cos(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"kW\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb)*math.cos(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "96.082805253\n", + "SA= 74.5937961595 kW\n", + "SB= 25.4062038405 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 174 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.97, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r1=0.005#ohm\n", + "r2=0.01#ohm\n", + "x1=0.05#ohm\n", + "x2=0.04#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "za=complex(r1,x1)\n", + "zb=complex(r2,x2)\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.degrees((-1)*math.acos(pf))*math.degrees(math.atan((za/zb).imag/(za/zb).real)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load of B=\",abs(za/zb)\n", + "print \"pf of B=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load of B= 1.21872643265\n", + "pf of B= 0.613584256393\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 202 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.98, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=250#kVA\n", + "za=complex(1,6)\n", + "zb=complex(1.2,4.8)\n", + "load1=500#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load1*complex(-pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 224.451917244 -39.3923099293\n", + "SB= 275.942423833 -34.8183886694\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 205 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.99, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabledeclaration\n", + "load=100.0#KW\n", + "r1=0.5\n", + "x1=8.0\n", + "r2=0.75\n", + "x2=4.0\n", + "load1=180.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "load=load1/pf\n", + "s=load*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "z1=complex(r1,x1)\n", + "z2=complex(r2,x2)\n", + "s1=s*z2/(z1+z2)\n", + "s2=s*z1/(z1+z2)\n", + "kw1=abs(s1)*math.cos(math.atan(s1.imag/s1.real))\n", + "kw2=abs(s2)*math.cos(math.atan(s2.imag/s2.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kW1=\",kw1,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"kW2=\",kw2,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "(1.25+12j)\n", + "kW1= 58.119626171 kW\n", + "kW2= 121.880373829 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 214 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.100, Page Number:1197" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=200.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "za=complex(1,5)\n", + "zb=complex(2,6)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load/pf*complex(0.85,-0.527)\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kVA for A=\",abs(sa),math.cos(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"lag\"\n", + "print \"kVA for B=\",abs(sb),math.cos(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kVA for A= 130.53263665 0.819364787986 lag\n", + "kVA for B= 105.238776124 0.884143252833 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 216 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.101, Page Number:1198" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=2200.0#V\n", + "v2=110.0#V\n", + "load=125.0#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(0.9,10)\n", + "zb=(100/50)*complex(1.0,5)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "s=load*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 63.0780848499 -39.929442891 degrees\n", + "SB= 62.1031510961 -33.7622749748 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 218 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.102, Page Number:1199" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load1=500#kVA\n", + "za=complex(1,5)\n", + "load2=250#kVA\n", + "zb=complex(1.5,4)\n", + "v2=400#V\n", + "load=750#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "zb=(500/load2)*zb\n", + "s=load*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 471.125736359 -40.3232138964 degrees\n", + "SB= 281.165527855 -31.0771011508 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 219 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.103, Page Number:1199" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=1000#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(2,3)\n", + "zb=complex(2.5,5)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=i*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "ratio=zb/za\n", + "ib=i/(1+ratio)\n", + "ia=i-ib\n", + "ratio=ia.real/ib.real\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"IA=\",ia\n", + "print \"IB=\",ib\n", + "print \"ratio of output=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IA= (504.451038576-341.246290801j)\n", + "IB= (295.548961424-258.753709199j)\n", + "ratio of output= 1.70682730924\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 220 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.104, Page Number:1200" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "v2=500.0#V\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "za=complex(1.0,5.0)\n", + "zb=complex(2.0,2.0)\n", + "load1=300.0#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zb=(100.0/250)*zb\n", + "s=load1*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "sa=s*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "sb=s*za/(za+zb)\n", + "zab=za*zb/(za+zb)\n", + "drop=zab.real*240/100+zab.imag*180/100\n", + "v2=v2-v2*drop/100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"SA=\",abs(sa),math.degrees(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"SB=\",abs(sb),math.degrees(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real)),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"secondary voltage=\",v2,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "SA= 55.8895719399 -64.6284382469 degrees\n", + "SB= 251.890896741 -30.9383707209 degrees\n", + "secondary voltage= 486.177874187 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 223 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.105, Page Number:1200" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n11=5000.0\n", + "n12=440.0\n", + "load1=200#kVA\n", + "n21=5000.0\n", + "n22=480.0\n", + "load2=350#kVA\n", + "x=3.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i1=load1*1000/n12\n", + "i2=load2*1000/n22\n", + "x1=x*n12/(100*i1)\n", + "x2=x*n22/(100*i2)\n", + "ic=(n22-n12)/0.057\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no-load circulation current=\",ic/i1,\"times the normal current of 200 kVA unit\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no-load circulation current= 1.54385964912 times the normal current of 200 kVA unit\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 225 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.106, Page Number:1203" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variabe declaration\n", + "ea=6600#V\n", + "eb=6400#V\n", + "za=complex(0.3,3)\n", + "zb=complex(0.2,1)\n", + "zl=complex(8.0,6.0)\n", + "ia=(ea*zb+(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "ib=(eb*za-(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"IA=\",abs(ia),\"A\"\n", + "print \"IB=\",abs(ib),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "IA= 195.492387533 A\n", + "IB= 422.567795916 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 227 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.107, Page Number:1204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load1=100.0#kVA\n", + "load2=50.0#kVA\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "v2=950.0#V\n", + "r1=2.0\n", + "r2=2.5\n", + "x1=8.0\n", + "x2=6.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=load1*1000/v1\n", + "ra=v1*r1/(100*ia)\n", + "xa=v1*x1/(100*ia)\n", + "ib=load2*1000/v2\n", + "rb=v2*r2/(100*ib)\n", + "xb=v2*x2/(100*ib)\n", + "z=((ra+rb)**2+(xa+xb)**2)**0.5\n", + "ic=(v1-v2)/z\n", + "alpha=math.atan((xa+xb)/(ra+rb))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no load circulating current=\",ic,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no load circulating current= 25.0948635944 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 231 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.108, Page Number:1204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load1=1000.0#KVA\n", + "load2=500.0#kVA\n", + "v1=500.0#V\n", + "v2=510.0#V\n", + "z1=3.0\n", + "z2=5.0\n", + "r=0.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ia=load1*1000/480\n", + "ib=load2*1000/480\n", + "za=z1*v1/(100*ia)\n", + "zb=z2*v2/(100*ib)\n", + "ic=(v2-v1)/(za+zb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"cross current=\",ic,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "cross current= 315.656565657 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 233 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.109, Page Number:1204" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "loada=500.0#KVA\n", + "loadb=250.0#kVA\n", + "load=750.0#KVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v1=405.0#V\n", + "v2=415.0#V\n", + "ra=1.0\n", + "rb=1.5\n", + "xa=5.0\n", + "xb=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=loada*1000/400\n", + "ra=400/(100*ia)\n", + "xa=xa*400/(100*ia)\n", + "ib=loadb*1000/400\n", + "rb=rb*400/(100*ib)\n", + "xb=xb*400/(100*ib)\n", + "za=complex(ra,xa)\n", + "zb=complex(rb,xb)\n", + "zl=400**2*0.001/load*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "ic=(v1-v2)/(za+zb)\n", + "ia=(v1*zb+(v1-v2)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "ib=(v2*za-(v1-v2)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "sa=400*ia/1000\n", + "sb=400*ib/1000\n", + "pf1=math.cos(math.atan(sa.imag/sa.real))\n", + "pf2=math.cos(math.atan(sb.imag/sb.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)cross current=\",-abs(ic),math.degrees(math.atan(ic.imag/ic.real))\n", + "print \"b)SA=\",abs(sa),pf1,\"lag\"\n", + "print \" SB=\",abs(sb),pf2,\"lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)cross current= -229.754569404 -72.8972710309\n", + "b)SA= 387.844943528 0.820048560714 lag\n", + " SB= 351.964386212 0.738709225528 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 243 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.110, Page Number:1205" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "zl=complex(2.0,1.5)\n", + "za=complex(0.15,0.5)\n", + "zb=complex(0.1,0.6)\n", + "ea=207#V\n", + "eb=205#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=(ea*zb+(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "ib=(eb*za-(ea-eb)*zl)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "v2_=(ia+ib)*zl\n", + "angle=math.atan(v2_.imag/v2_.real)-math.atan(ia.imag/ia.real)\n", + "pfa=math.cos(angle)\n", + "angle=math.atan(v2_.imag/v2_.real)-math.atan(ib.imag/ib.real)\n", + "pfb=math.cos(angle)\n", + "pa=abs(v2_)*abs(ia)*pfa\n", + "pb=abs(v2_)*abs(ib)*pfb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power output:\"\n", + "print \" A:\",pa,\"W\"\n", + "print \" B:\",pb,\"W\"\n", + "print \"power factor:\"\n", + "print \" A:\",pfa\n", + "print \" B:\",pfb\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power output:\n", + " A: 6535.37583042 W\n", + " B: 4925.36941503 W\n", + "power factor:\n", + " A: 0.818428780129\n", + " B: 0.775705655277\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 248 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 32.111, Page Number:1206" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=200.0#A\n", + "ib=600.0#A\n", + "ra=0.02#ohm\n", + "rb=0.025#ohm\n", + "xa=0.05#ohm\n", + "xb=0.06#ohm\n", + "ea=245.0#V\n", + "eb=240.0#V\n", + "zl=complex(0.25,0.1)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "za=(ea/ia)*complex(ra,xa)\n", + "zb=(eb/ib)*complex(rb,xb)\n", + "i=(ea*zb+eb*za)/(za*zb+zl*(za+zb))\n", + "v2=i*zl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",round(abs(v2)),round(math.degrees(math.atan(v2.imag/v2.real))),\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= 230.0 -3.0 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter33_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter33_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..495cee05 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter33_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1433 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:62e227cc38186a0706017dd159987c82bd21be1d7e8602e20c55cf079ab30efe" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 33: Transformer:Three Phase" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.1, Page Number:1216" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=3\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vd=22000.0#V\n", + "vs=400.0#V\n", + "phi=0.8\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calcuations\n", + "v_phase_secondary=vs/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "K=(vs/vd)/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i_primary=i/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i_secondary=i_primary/K\n", + "il=i_secondary\n", + "output=math.sqrt(3)*il*vs*phi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Output=\",output/10000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Output= 15.2420471066 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.2, Page Number:1217" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=500.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "vls=11.0#kV\n", + "vld=33.0#kV\n", + "rh=35.0#ohm\n", + "rl=0.876#ohm\n", + "iron_loss=3050.0#W\n", + "phi1=1.0\n", + "phi2=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "K=(vls*1000)/(math.sqrt(3)*vld*1000)\n", + "r02=rl+K**2*rh\n", + "i_Secondary=(w*1000)/(math.sqrt(3)*vls*1000)\n", + "#full load\n", + "fl_culoss=3*((w/(vls*math.sqrt(3)))**2)*r02\n", + "fl_totalloss=fl_culoss+iron_loss\n", + "fl_efficiency1=w*1000/(w*1000+fl_totalloss)\n", + "fl_efficiency2=(phi2*w*1000)/(w*phi2*1000+fl_totalloss)\n", + "#half load\n", + "cu_loss=.5**2*fl_culoss\n", + "totalloss=cu_loss+iron_loss\n", + "efficiency1=(w*1000/2)/((w*1000/2)+totalloss)\n", + "efficiency2=(w*1000*phi2/2)/((phi2*w*1000/2)+totalloss)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency at p.f. 1=\",fl_efficiency1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"full load efficiency at p.f. 0.8=\",fl_efficiency2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"half load efficiency at p.f. 1=\",efficiency1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"half load efficiency at p.f. 0.8=\",round(efficiency2*100),\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load efficiency at p.f. 1= 98.5147491838 %\n", + "full load efficiency at p.f. 0.8= 98.1503046336 %\n", + "half load efficiency at p.f. 1= 98.3585709725 %\n", + "half load efficiency at p.f. 0.8= 98.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.3, Page Number:1218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.02\n", + "va=2000\n", + "reactance=0.1\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "cu_loss=r*100*va/100\n", + "regn=r*100*math.cos(phi)+reactance*100*math.sin(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Cu loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"Regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cu loss= 40.0 kW\n", + "Regulation= 7.6 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 39 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.4, Page Number:1218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=120.0#kVA\n", + "v1=6000.0\n", + "v2=400.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "iron_loss=1600.0#W\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss_fl=iron_loss*((4/3)**2)\n", + "fl_output=w*pf*1000\n", + "total_loss=iron_loss+cu_loss_fl\n", + "efficiency1=fl_output/(fl_output+total_loss)\n", + "cu_loss_hl=0.5**2*cu_loss_fl\n", + "total_loss2=cu_loss_hl+iron_loss\n", + "efficiency2=(w*1000/2)/((w*1000/2)+total_loss2)\n", + "total_loss3=2*iron_loss\n", + "output=(3.0/4)*w*1000\n", + "inpt=output+total_loss3\n", + "efficiency=output/inpt\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load efficiency=\",efficiency1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"half load efficiency=\",efficiency2*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"3/4 load efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load efficiency= 96.7741935484 %\n", + "half load efficiency= 96.7741935484 %\n", + "3/4 load efficiency= 96.5665236052 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.5, Page Number:1218" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "rp=8.0#ohm\n", + "rs=0.08#ohm\n", + "z=0.07\n", + "pf=0.75\n", + "v1=33.0\n", + "v2=6.6\n", + "w=2*10.0**6\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "fl_i=w/(math.sqrt(3)*v2*10**3)\n", + "K=v2/(math.sqrt(3)*v1)\n", + "r02=rs+(rp*(K*K))\n", + "z_drop=z*v2*1000/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "z02=z_drop/fl_i\n", + "x02=math.sqrt((z02*z02)-(r02*r02))\n", + "drop=fl_i*(r02*math.cos(phi)+x02*math.sin(phi))\n", + "secondary_v=v2*1000/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "V2=secondary_v-drop\n", + "line_v=V2*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "regn=drop*100/secondary_v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary voltage\",line_v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary voltage 6254.29059005 V\n", + "regulation= 5.23802136291 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.6, Page Number:1219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=100.0#kWA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v1=3300.0#V\n", + "v2=400.0#V\n", + "rh=3.5#ohm\n", + "rl=0.02#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "efficiency=0.958\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "output=0.8*100\n", + "inpt=output/efficiency\n", + "total_loss=(inpt-output)*1000\n", + "K=v2/(math.sqrt(3)*v1)\n", + "r02=rl+K**2*rh\n", + "i2=((w*1000)/math.sqrt(3))/v2\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r02\n", + "iron_loss=total_loss-cu_loss\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ironloss=\",iron_loss,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.0371411080502\n", + "2321.31925314\n", + "ironloss= 1185.98763622 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.7, Page Number:1219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=5000.0#kVA\n", + "v1=6.6#kV\n", + "v2=33.0#kV\n", + "nl=15.0#kW\n", + "fl=50.0#kW\n", + "drop=0.07\n", + "load=3200.0#kw\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i2=w*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v2*1000)\n", + "impedence_drop=drop*(v2/math.sqrt(3))*1000\n", + "z02=impedence_drop/i2\n", + "cu_loss=fl-nl\n", + "r02=cu_loss*1000/(3*i2**2)\n", + "x02=math.sqrt(z02**2-r02**2)\n", + "print \"full-load x02:\",x02\n", + "\n", + "#when load=3200#kW\n", + "i2=load/(math.sqrt(3)*v2*0.8)\n", + "drop_=drop*1000*(r02*math.cos(phi)+z02*math.sin(phi))\n", + "regn=(drop_*100)/(v2*1000/math.sqrt(3))\n", + "vp=v1+regn/100*v1\n", + "print \"Primary voltage=\",vp*1000,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full-load x02: 15.1695784661\n", + "Primary voltage= 6851.39317975 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 95 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.8, Page Number:1219" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=1\n", + "x=6\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "v2=4800#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "regn=(r*math.cos(phi)+z*math.sin(phi))\n", + "secondary_v=v2+regn/100*v2\n", + "secondary_vp=secondary_v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "K=secondary_vp/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Transformation Ratio=\",K" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Transformation Ratio= 0.423426587968\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 96 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.9, Page Number:1220" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=2000#kVA\n", + "v1=6600#V\n", + "v2=400#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "scv=400#V\n", + "sci=175#A\n", + "scw=17#kW\n", + "ocv=400#V\n", + "oci=150#A\n", + "ocw=15#kW\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=sci/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "z01=scv/i1\n", + "r01=scw*1000/(3*i1*i1)\n", + "x01=math.sqrt(z01**2-r01**2)\n", + "r=i1*r01*100/v1\n", + "x=i1*x01*100/v1\n", + "regn=(r*math.cos(phi)-x*math.sin(phi))\n", + "I1=w*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v1)\n", + "total_loss=scw+ocw\n", + "fl_output=w*pf\n", + "efficiency=fl_output/(fl_output+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"% resistance=\",r,\"%\"\n", + "print \"% reactance=\",x,\"%\"\n", + "print \"% efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"%regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "% resistance= 0.849779616989 %\n", + "% reactance= 6.00073499035 %\n", + "% efficiency= 98.0392156863 %\n", + "%regulation= -2.92061730062 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.10, Page Number:1220" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=11000.0#V\n", + "v2=440.0#V\n", + "i=5.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "secondary_rating=v2/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "primary_i=i/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "voltsamps=v1*5/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "i2=voltsamps/secondary_rating\n", + "output=pf*voltsamps/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Each coil current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Total output=\",output,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Each coil current= 125.0 A\n", + "Total output= 25.4034118443 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 116 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.12, Page Number:1224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=40#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kVA_per_transformer=load/2*1.15\n", + "delta_delta_rating=kVA_per_transformer*3\n", + "increase=(delta_delta_rating-load)*100/load\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"increase=\",increase,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "increase= 72.5 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 126 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.13, Page Number:1224" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=20#kVA\n", + "v1=2300#v\n", + "v2=230#V\n", + "load=40#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kva_load=load/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "percent_rated=kva_load*100/w\n", + "kvarating_vv=2*w*0.866\n", + "vv_delta=kvarating_vv*100/60\n", + "percentage_increase=kva_load/(load/3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)kVA load of each transformer=\",kva_load,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"ii)per cent of rated load carried by each transformer=\",percent_rated,\"%\"\n", + "print \"iii)total kVA rating of the V-V bank\",kvarating_vv,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"iv)ratio of the v-v bank to delta-delta bank\",vv_delta,\"%\"\n", + "print \"v)percent increase in load=\",percentage_increase*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)kVA load of each transformer= 23.0940107676 kVA\n", + "ii)per cent of rated load carried by each transformer= 115.470053838 %\n", + "iii)total kVA rating of the V-V bank 34.64 kVA\n", + "iv)ratio of the v-v bank to delta-delta bank 57.7333333333 %\n", + "v)percent increase in load= 177.646236674 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 130 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.14, Page Number:1225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=150.0#kW\n", + "v1=1000.0#V\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "v=2000.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(pf*math.sqrt(3)*1000)\n", + "ip=il/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ratio=v1/v\n", + "ip=ip*ratio\n", + "I=il\n", + "Ip=I*ratio\n", + "pf=86.6/100*pf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"delta-delta:current in the windings=\",ip,\"A\"\n", + "print \"v-v:current in the windings=\",Ip,\"A\"\n", + "print \"Power factor\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "delta-delta:current in the windings= 28.8683602771 A\n", + "v-v:current in the windings= 50.0014667312 A\n", + "Power factor 0.749956\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 133 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.15, Page Number:1225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3000#kW\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "I=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*1000*pf)\n", + "transformer_pf=86.6/100*pf\n", + "additional_load=72.5/100*load\n", + "total_load=additional_load+load\n", + "il=total_load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*1000*pf)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Il=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"phase current=\",il/math.sqrt(3),\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Il= 339.521323075 A\n", + "phase current= 196.022727273 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 134 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.16, Page Number:1225" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=400#kVA\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kVA_each=(load/2)/pf\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "p1=kVA_each*math.cos(math.radians(30-phi))\n", + "p2=kVA_each*math.cos(math.radians(30+phi))\n", + "p=p1+p2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kVA supplied by each transformer=\",kVA_each,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"kW supplied by each transformer=\",p,\"kW\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kVA supplied by each transformer= 230.946882217 kVA\n", + "kW supplied by each transformer= 399.995027715 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 136 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.17, Page Number:1228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "load=33.0#kVA\n", + "v2=3300.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vl=0.866*v2\n", + "ilp=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v2)\n", + "ils=ilp/(440/v2)\n", + "main_kva=v2*ilp*0.001\n", + "teaser_kva=0.866*main_kva\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage rating of each coil=\",vl\n", + "print \"current rating of each coil=\",ils\n", + "print \"main kVA=\",main_kva,\"kVA\"\n", + "print \"teaser kVA=\",teaser_kva,\"kVA\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage rating of each coil= 2857.8\n", + "current rating of each coil= 43.3012701892\n", + "main kVA= 19.0525588833 kVA\n", + "teaser kVA= 16.4995159929 kVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 139 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.18, Page Number:1231" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "output=150.0#kVA\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ratio=v2/v\n", + "i2=output*1000/(2*v2)\n", + "i1=i2*ratio\n", + "primary_volts=(math.sqrt(3)*v)/2\n", + "ratio=v2/primary_volts\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"turns ratio\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "primary current= 170.454545455 A\n", + "turns ratio 0.524863881081\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.19, Page Number:1231" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=100.0#V\n", + "v2=3300.0#V\n", + "p=400.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=v/v2\n", + "i2=p*1000/(pf*v)\n", + "ip=1.15*K*i2\n", + "I2m=K*i2\n", + "i2=ip/2\n", + "i1m=math.sqrt(I2m**2+i2**2)\n", + "\n", + "#reslult\n", + "print \"Current=\",i1m,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current= 174.77684841 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 150 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.20, Page Number:1232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "w1=300#kW\n", + "w2=450#kW\n", + "v1=100#V\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "v2=3300#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=v/v2\n", + "i2t=(w2*1000)/(100*pf)\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "I2m=(K*w1*1000)/(100*pf)\n", + "i2=i1t/2\n", + "i1m=math.sqrt(I2m**2+i2**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Current=\",i1m,\"A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current= 169.804606659 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.21, Page Number:1233" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=80.0#V\n", + "v2=11000.0#V\n", + "w1=500.0#kW\n", + "w2=800.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=v1/v2\n", + "#unity pf\n", + "i2t=w1*1000/v1\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "i2m=K*w2*1000/v1\n", + "i1t_half=i1t/2\n", + "ip=math.sqrt(i2m**2+i1t_half**2)\n", + "\n", + "print \"unity pf\"\n", + "print \"one 3 phase line carries\",i1t,\"A whereas the other 2 carry\",ip,\"A each\"\n", + "#0.5 pf\n", + "i2t=w1*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "i2m=K*w2*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "i1t_half=i1t/2\n", + "ip=math.sqrt(i2m**2+i1t_half**2)\n", + "print \"0.5 pf\"\n", + "print \"one 3 phase line carries\",i1t,\"A whereas the other 2 carry\",ip,\"A each\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "unity pf\n", + "one 3 phase line carries 52.2727272727 A whereas the other 2 carry 77.281082436 A each\n", + "0.5 pf\n", + "one 3 phase line carries 104.545454545 A whereas the other 2 carry 154.562164872 A each\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 171 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.22, Page Number:1234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=50#V\n", + "v2=4.6*1000#V\n", + "load=350#kW\n", + "w=200#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "K=v1/v2\n", + "i2t=w*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "i1t=1.15*K*i2t\n", + "i2m=load*1000/(v1*pf)\n", + "Ki2m=K*i2m\n", + "i1t_half=i1t/2\n", + "i1m=math.sqrt(Ki2m**2+i1t_half**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current in line A=\",i1t\n", + "print \"current in line B=\",i1m\n", + "print \"current in line C=\",i1m" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current in line A= 62.5\n", + "current in line B= 100.11107076\n", + "current in line C= 100.11107076\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 173 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.23, Page Number:1234" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=231#V\n", + "v2=6600#v\n", + "volt_induced=8#v\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "hv=v2/volt_induced\n", + "vl=v*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "n_lv1=vl/volt_induced\n", + "n_lv2=math.sqrt(3)*n_lv1/2\n", + "n=2*n_lv2/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"neutral point is located on the\",math.ceil(n),\"th turn from A downwards\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "neutral point is located on the 29.0 th turn from A downwards\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 176 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.24, Page Number:1235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6000.0#V\n", + "v2=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "area=300.0#cm2\n", + "flux=1.2#Wb/m2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n1=v/(4.44*f*flux*area*0.0001*0.9)\n", + "K=v2/v\n", + "n2=n1*K\n", + "n_lv=math.sqrt(3)*n2/2\n", + "turns=n_lv*2/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"NUmber of turns in AN=\",math.floor(turns)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " NUmber of turns in AN= 35.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 183 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.25, Page Number:1235" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=250.0#V\n", + "load=30.0#kVA\n", + "v2=250.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v2)\n", + "vl=0.866*v2\n", + "kva=il*vl*(0.001)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Voltage=\",vl,\"V\"\n", + "print \"kVA rating\",kva,\"kVA\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage= 216.5 V\n", + "kVA rating 14.9995599935 kVA\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 185 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.26, Page Number:1237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#vaiable declaration\n", + "load=500#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(2,6)\n", + "zb=complex(2,5)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=load*complex(math.cos(phi),math.sin(phi))\n", + "z1=za/zb\n", + "z2=zb/za\n", + "sa=s/(1+z1)\n", + "sb=s/(1+z2)\n", + "pfa=cmath.phase(sa)\n", + "pfb=cmath.phase(sb)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",abs(sa)\n", + "print \"sb=\",abs(sb)\n", + "print \"cos phi_a=\",pfa\n", + "print \"cos phi_b=\",pfb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= 230.042839552\n", + "sb= 270.171613479\n", + "cos phi_a= 0.611765735265\n", + "cos phi_b= 0.670521557981\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.27, Page Number:1237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=2000#kVA\n", + "w1=4000#kVA\n", + "w2=5000#kVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "za=complex(2,8)\n", + "zb=complex(1.6,3)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "za_per=(w1/w)*za\n", + "zb_per=zb\n", + "z=za_per+zb_per\n", + "s=complex(w1,w-w2)\n", + "sb=s*(za/z)\n", + "sa=s-sb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= (2284.2287695-1821.49046794j)\n", + "sb= (1715.7712305-1178.50953206j)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 211 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.28, Page Number:1237" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1400#kVA\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "w1=1000#kVA\n", + "w2=500#kVA\n", + "v1=6600\n", + "v2=400\n", + "za=complex(0.001,0.003)\n", + "zb=complex(0.0028,0.005)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zb=(w1/w2)*zb\n", + "z=za/(za+zb)\n", + "x=math.cos(-phi)\n", + "y=math.sin(-phi)*1j\n", + "s=load*(x+y)\n", + "sb=s*z\n", + "sa=s-sb\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= (929.911014012-588.664867724j)\n", + "sb= (282.488985988-111.396729565j)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 240 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.29, Page Number:1238" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=750#kVA\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "w1=500#kVA\n", + "w2=250#kVA\n", + "v1=3300\n", + "v2=400\n", + "za=complex(2,3)\n", + "zb=complex(1.5,4)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zb=(w1/w2)*zb\n", + "z=za/(za+zb)\n", + "x=math.cos(-phi)\n", + "y=math.sin(-phi)*1j\n", + "s=load*(x+y)\n", + "sb=s*z\n", + "sa=s-sb\n", + "per_r=za.real*(sa.real)/w1\n", + "per_x=(za.imag)*(sa.imag)/w1\n", + "total_per=per_r+per_x\n", + "vl=v2-(total_per*4)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= (399.511103547-348.770523615j)\n", + "sb= (130.738896453-181.639636072j)\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 242 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.30, Page Number:1240" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=100/5\n", + "i=5#A\n", + "i1=3.5#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=i1*ratio\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Line current=\",il,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line current= 70.0 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 214 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 33.31, Page Number:1240" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i1=2000#A\n", + "i2=2500#A\n", + "i=5#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ratio1=i1/i\n", + "ratio2=i2/i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio in first case=\",ratio1\n", + "print \"ratio in second case=\",ratio2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio in first case= 400\n", + "ratio in second case= 500\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 216 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter34_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter34_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d05f1eeb --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter34_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,3065 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:0f43ef5b4c05930620c5e3871d199970ead64e15a20629e8e926abd11e2e9167" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 34:Induction Motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.1, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=290.0#rpm\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "Ns=300.0#rpm(considered)\n", + "#calculation\n", + "P=120*f/Ns\n", + "s=(Ns-n)/Ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"no. of poles=\",P\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "no. of poles= 20.0\n", + "slip= 3.33333333333 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.2, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "slot=3\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "P=2*n\n", + "slots_total=slot*P*n\n", + "Ns=120*f/P\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"No. of stator poles=\",P\n", + "print \"Total number of slots=\",slots_total\n", + "print \"Speed=\",Ns,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " No. of stator poles= 6\n", + "Total number of slots= 54\n", + "Speed= 1000 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.3, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "n=3\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "slip1=0.04\n", + "slip2=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ns=120*f/p\n", + "N=Ns*(1-slip1)\n", + "f1=slip2*f*60\n", + "#at standstill s=1\n", + "f2=1*f\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "print \"speed at which magnetic field of the stator is rotating=\",Ns,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04=\",N\n", + "print \"frequency of rotor current=\",f1,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"frequency of the rotor current at standstill=\",f2,\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at which magnetic field of the stator is rotating= 1500 rpm\n", + "speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.04= 1440.0\n", + "frequency of rotor current= 90.0 rpm\n", + "frequency of the rotor current at standstill= 50 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.4, Page Number:1255" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3.0\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slip=0.04\n", + "n=600.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Ns=120*f/p\n", + "N=Ns*(1-slip)\n", + "s=(Ns-n)/Ns\n", + "f1=s*f\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the synchronous speed=\",Ns,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the rotor speed=\",N,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the rotor frequency when n=600 rpm=\",f1,\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the synchronous speed= 1500.0 rpm\n", + "the rotor speed= 1440.0 rpm\n", + "the rotor frequency when n=600 rpm= 30.0 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.5, Page Number:1256" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=12\n", + "n=3\n", + "N=500#rpm\n", + "p2=8\n", + "slip=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "f=p*N/120\n", + "Ns=120*f/p2\n", + "N=Ns-slip*Ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full load speed of the motor=\",N,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full load speed of the motor= 727.5 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.6, Page Number:1258" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "e=80#V\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "x=4#ohm\n", + "rheo=3#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "E=e/(3)**0.5\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "i=E/z\n", + "pf=r/z\n", + "R=rheo+r\n", + "z2=(R**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=E/z2\n", + "\n", + "pf2=R/z2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip rings are short circuited:\"\n", + "print \"current/phase\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"slip rings are onnected to a star-connected rheostat of 3 ohm\",\n", + "print \"current/phase\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip rings are short circuited:\n", + "current/phase 11.2022406722 A\n", + "pf= 0.242535625036\n", + "slip rings are onnected to a star-connected rheostat of 3 ohm current/phase 8.16496580928 A\n", + "pf= 0.707106781187\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.7, Page Number:1258" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "ratio=6.5\n", + "r=0.05#ohm\n", + "x=0.25#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e2=v*k/(3**0.5)\n", + "R=x-r\n", + "r2=x\n", + "z=(x**2+r2**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=e2/z\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"starting current=\",i2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external resistance= 0.2 ohm\n", + "starting current= 100.491886883 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.8, Page Number:1259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=1100#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "ratio=3.8\n", + "r=0.012#ohm\n", + "x=0.25#ohm\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e=v/ratio\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "i=e/z\n", + "pf=r/z\n", + "xr=s*x\n", + "zr=(r**2+xr**2)**0.5\n", + "er=s*e\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "pf2=r/zr\n", + "i2=100*ratio\n", + "z2=e/i2\n", + "r2=(z2**2-x**2)**0.5\n", + "R=r2-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current with slip rings shorted=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf with slip rings shorted=\",pf\n", + "print \"current with slip=4% and slip rings shorted=\",i2\n", + "print \"pf withslip=4% and slip rings shorted=\",pf2\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current with slip rings shorted= 1156.56314266 A\n", + "pf with slip rings shorted= 0.0479447993684\n", + "current with slip=4% and slip rings shorted= 380.0\n", + "pf withslip=4% and slip rings shorted= 0.768221279597\n", + "external resistance= 0.70758173952 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.9, Page Number:1259" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=15#kW\n", + "v=3000#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "ratio=3.6\n", + "r=0.13#ohm\n", + "l=3.61*0.001#H\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=v/3**0.5\n", + "x2=2*3.14*l*f\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "r2_=0.1/k**2\n", + "x2_=ratio**2*x2\n", + "is1=v/((r**2+x2_**2)**0.5)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "ts=(3*3/(2*3.14*f))*((v**2)*r2_)/(r2_**2+x2_**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting current=\",is1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"ts=\",ts,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting current= 117.896733436 A\n", + "ts= 512.375725888 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.10, Page Number:1261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "zs=complex(0.4,4)\n", + "zr=complex(6,2)\n", + "v=80#V\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e2=v/3**0.5\n", + "i=e2/abs(zr+zs)\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "xr=s*zs.imag\n", + "ir=er/abs(complex(zs.real,xr))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor current at standstill=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"rotor current when slip-rings are short-circuited=\",ir,\"A\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor current at standstill= 5.26498126493 A\n", + "rotor current when slip-rings are short-circuited= 3.31800758166 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.11, Page Number:1261" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "e=120#V\n", + "r2=0.3#ohm\n", + "x2=1.5#ohm\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e2=e/3**0.5\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "xr=s*x2\n", + "zr=(r2**2+xr**2)**0.5\n", + "i=er/zr\n", + "s=r2/x2\n", + "xr=s*x2\n", + "zr=(xr**2+r2**2)**0.5\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor when running short-circuited=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"slip=\",s\n", + "print \"current when torque is maximum=\",i2,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor when running short-circuited= 9.05821627316 A\n", + "slip= 0.2\n", + "current when torque is maximum= 32.6598632371 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 54 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.12, Page Number:1264" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "tb=150.0#kg-m\n", + "n=660.0#rpm\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "sb=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "x2=r/sb\n", + "t=tb*(2/((sb/s)+s/sb))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",t,\"kg-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 90.0 kg-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.13(a), Page Number:1266" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variablde declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "vd=0.90\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio_s=(1/vd)**2\n", + "ratio_i=ratio_s*vd\n", + "cu_loss_increase=ratio_i**2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"increase in motor copper losses=\",cu_loss_increase" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "increase in motor copper losses= 1.23456790123\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.13(b), Page Number:1264" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p1=15.0#kW\n", + "n=980.0#rpm\n", + "efficiency=0.93\n", + "vd=0.10\n", + "fd=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v2=(1-vd)*v\n", + "f2=(1-fd)*f\n", + "n1=120*f/p\n", + "n2=120*f2/p\n", + "s1=(n1-n)/n1\n", + "ratio_f=s1*(v*(1-vd)/v)**2*f2/f\n", + "n2=n2*(1-ratio_f)\n", + "p2=p1*n2/n1\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"the new operating speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"the new output power=\",p2,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "the new operating speed= 935.3795 rpm\n", + "the new output power= 14.0306925 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.14(a), Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=3\n", + "v1=400#V\n", + "v2=200#V\n", + "r=0.06#ohm\n", + "x=0.3#ohm\n", + "a=1\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r=x-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "additional resistance= 0.24 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.14(b), Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "n=3\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=8\n", + "s=0.02\n", + "r=0.001#ohm\n", + "x=0.005#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "n2=(1-s)*ns\n", + "ratio=2*s**2*a/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of the maximum to full-load torque=\",ratio*1000,\"10^-3\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of the maximum to full-load torque= 3.9603960396 10^-3\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.14(c), Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=12\n", + "v=600#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.03#ohm\n", + "x=0.5#ohm\n", + "n=495#rpm\n", + "s=0.01\n", + "#calculation\n", + "Ns=120*f/p\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "n=Ns*(1-a)\n", + "ratio=2*a*s/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of max torque=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"ratio of torques=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of max torque= 470.0 rpm\n", + "ratio of torques= 0.324324324324\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.15, Page Number:1267" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=746.0#kW\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=16\n", + "zr=complex(0.02,0.15)\n", + "n=360.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "a=zr.real/zr.imag\n", + "ratio=2*a*s/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "N=ns*(1-a)\n", + "R=zr.imag-zr.real\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of torques=\",ratio\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",N,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor resistance=\",R,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of torques= 0.550458715596\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 325.0 rpm\n", + "rotor resistance= 0.13 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.16, Page Number:1268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "a=Symbol('a')\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.025#ohm\n", + "x=0.12#ohm\n", + "ratio=3.0/4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=r/x\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "a=solve(ratio-(2*a/(1+a**2)),a)\n", + "r=a[0]*x-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"additional resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed at maximum torque= 1187.5 rpm\n", + "additional resistance= 0.0291699475574164 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.17, Page Number:1268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "r=0.01#ohm\n", + "x=0.1#ohm\n", + "p=8\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "t_ratio=2*a*s/(a**2+s**2)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=(1-a)*ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio of torques=\",1/t_ratio\n", + "print \"speed=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio of torques= 1.45\n", + "speed= 675.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.18, Page Number:1268" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "a=Symbol('a')\n", + "a2=Symbol('a2')\n", + "p=3\n", + "t_ratio=2.5\n", + "t_ratio2=1.5\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t_ratio3=t_ratio2/t_ratio\n", + "a=solve(t_ratio3-(2*a/(1+a**2)),a)\n", + "a2=solve(a2**2-0.15*a2+0.0009,a2)\n", + "r_red=(a[0]-a2[1])/a[0]\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction in rotor circuit resistance=\",r_red*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction in rotor circuit resistance= 56.8784093726987 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 46 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.19, Page Number:1269" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.08#ohm\n", + "n=650.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "sb=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "x2=r/sb\n", + "a=1\n", + "r=a*x2-r\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"extra resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "extra resistance= 0.52 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 51 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.20, Page Number:1269" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R=Symbol('R')\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "t=162.8#N-m\n", + "n=1365.0#rpm\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "sb=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "x2=r/sb\n", + "R=solve(1.0/(4*x2)-((r+R)/((r+R)**2+x2**2)),R)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance to be added=\",round(R[0],1),\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance to be added= 0.4 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.21, Page Number:1270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "load=7.46#kW\n", + "t_ratios=1.60\n", + "t_ratiom=2.0\n", + "\n", + "#calcualtion\n", + "t_ratio=t_ratios/t_ratiom\n", + "#0.8a2-2*a+0.8 a=0.04\n", + "#0.5=2*a*sf/a2+sf2 sf=0.01\n", + "a=0.04\n", + "sf=0.01\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns-sf*ns\n", + "N=ns-a*ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"full-load speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",N,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "full-load speed= 1485.0 rpm\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 1440.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.22, Page Number:1270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "v=240#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.12#ohm\n", + "x=0.85#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.8\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e2=k*(v/3**0.5)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tf=(3/(2*3.14*f/3))*(s*e2*e2*r/(r**2+(s*x)**2))\n", + "s=r/x\n", + "tmax=(3/(2*3.14*f/3))*(s*e2*e2*r/(r**2+(s*x)**2))\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"developed torque=\",tf,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "developed torque= 52.4097855621 N-m\n", + "maximum torque= 99.9125764956 N-m\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 858.823529412 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.23, Page Number:1270" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.015#ohm\n", + "x=0.09#ohm\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=100#rpm considered\n", + "n=(1-s)*ns\n", + "n2=n/2\n", + "s2=(ns-n2)/ns\n", + "ratio=((s2/s)*(r**2+(s*x)**2)/(r**2+(s2*x)**2))**0.5\n", + "per=1-1/ratio\n", + "phi=math.atan(s2*x/r)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage reduction=\",per*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage reduction= 22.8528060715 %\n", + "pf= 0.307902262948\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.26, Page Number:1272" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=4\n", + "t=100#N-m\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e2=v/2\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns-n\n", + "n2=n+ns/2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stator supply voltage=\",e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"new speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stator supply voltage= 220 V\n", + "new speed= 1050 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.24, Page Number:1274" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable delclaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "p=8.0\n", + "n=1140.0#rpm\n", + "e=440.0#V\n", + "e2=550.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s1=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "s2=s1*(e/e2)**2\n", + "n2=ns*(1-s2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed= 1053.6 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.25, Page Number:1274" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=450.0#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "p=8.0\n", + "n=873.0#rpm\n", + "t=23.0#degrees\n", + "n2=864.0#rpm\n", + "alpha=1.0/234.0#per degrees centrigrade\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "s1=(900-n)/900\n", + "s2=(900-n2)/900\n", + "ratio=s2/s1-1\n", + "t2=(s2/s1-1)/alpha+23 \n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"increase in rotor resistance=\",ratio*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"approx temperature=\",t2,\"degrees centigrade\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "increase in rotor resistance= 33.3333333333 %\n", + "approx temperature= 101.0 degrees centigrade\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 24 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.27, Page Number:1283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "f=500.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "load=80.0#kW\n", + "alt=100.0\n", + "ns=120.0*f/60.0\n", + "#calculation\n", + "s=alt/(60.0*f)\n", + "n=(1-s)*ns\n", + "cu_loss=(1.0/3.0)*load*1000/3.0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*1000,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss/10000,\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 3.33333333333 %\n", + "rotor speed= 996.666666667 rpm\n", + "rotor copper loss= 0.888888888889 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.28, Page Number:1283" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "n=1425.0#rpm\n", + "z=complex(0.4,4)\n", + "ratio=0.8\n", + "loss=500.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=75/ns\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "tf=(3*2/(2*3.14*f))*(((e1*ratio)**2)*z.real*s)/(z.real**2+(s*z.imag)**2)\n", + "ir=s*ratio*e1/(z.real**2+(s*z.imag)**2)**0.5\n", + "cu_loss=3*ir**2*z.real\n", + "pm=2*3.4*(n/60)*tf\n", + "pout=pm-loss\n", + "s=z.real/z.imag\n", + "tmax=(3*2/(2*3.14*f))*(((e1*ratio)**2)*z.real*s)/(z.real**2+(s*z.imag)**2)\n", + "nmax=ns-s*ns\n", + "i=ratio*e1/abs(z)\n", + "tst=(3*2/(2*3.14*f))*(((e1*ratio)**2)*z.real)/(z.real**2+(z.imag)**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \" full load torque=\",tf,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"rotor current=\",ir,\"A\"\n", + "print \"cu_loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"power output=\",pout,\"W\"\n", + "print \"max torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at max torque=\",nmax,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"starting current=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " full load torque= 78.9197452229 N-m\n", + "rotor current= 22.7215022978 A\n", + "cu_loss= 619.52 W\n", + "power output= 12245.5388535 W\n", + "max torque= 98.6496815287 N-m\n", + "speed at max torque= 1350.0 rpm\n", + "starting current= 50.5546790867 A\n", + "starting torque= 19.5345904017 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.30, Page Number:1286" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=60#kW\n", + "loss=1#kW\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p2=load-loss\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2\n", + "rotor_loss=cu_loss*1000/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"mechanical power developed=\",pm,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",rotor_loss,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mechanical power developed= 57.23 kW\n", + "rotor copper loss= 590.0 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 52 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.31, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "load=20#KW\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "i=60#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "fr=s*f\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "cu_loss=s*load*1000\n", + "r2=cu_loss/(3*i**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency of rotor current=\",fr,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"rotor resistance=\",r2,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency of rotor current= 1.5 Hz\n", + "rotor copper loss= 600.0 W\n", + "rotor resistance= 0.0555555555556 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 54 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.32, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=3.73#KW\n", + "n=960#rpm\n", + "loss=280#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "input_r=load*1000*ns/n\n", + "input_s=input_r+loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stator input=\",input_s,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stator input= 4165.41666667 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.33, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "p2=75.0#KW\n", + "alt=100.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f1=alt/60\n", + "s=f1/f\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "cu_loss_r_per_phase=s*p2/3\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss per phase=\",cu_loss_r_per_phase,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"mechancal power=\",pm,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 3.33333333333 %\n", + "rotor speed= 966.666666667 rpm\n", + "rotor copper loss per phase= 0.833333333333 kW\n", + "mechancal power= 72.5 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 57 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.34, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "n=975.0#rpm\n", + "p1=40.0#KW\n", + "loss_s=1.0#kW\n", + "loss=2.0#KW\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "p2=p1-loss_s\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2\n", + "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", + "pout=pm-loss\n", + "efficiency=pout/p1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"shaft power=\",pout,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 2.5 %\n", + "rotor copper loss= 0.975 kW\n", + "shaft power= 36.025 kW\n", + "efficiency= 90.0625 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 59 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.35, Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=100#KW\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "n=500#rpm\n", + "s=0.018\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "cu_loss=2440#W\n", + "iron_loss=3500#W\n", + "rotational_loss=1200#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pm=output+rotational_loss/1000\n", + "cu_loss_r=(s/(1-s))*pm\n", + "p2=pm+cu_loss_r\n", + "input_s=p2+cu_loss/1000+iron_loss/1000\n", + "il=input_s*1000/(3**0.5*v*pf)\n", + "efficiency=output/input_s\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss_r,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor copper loss= 1.85132382892 kW\n", + "line current= 22.1989272175 A\n", + "efficiency= 92.7202341611 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.36, Page Number:1288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "p2=100.0#W\n", + "c=120.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s=c/(f*60)\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2/3\n", + "n2=ns-n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"copper loss=\",cu_loss,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"speed of stator field with respect to rotor=\",n2,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 4.0 %\n", + "rotor speed= 960.0 rpm\n", + "mechanical power= 96.0 kW\n", + "copper loss= 1.33333333333 kW\n", + "speed of stator field with respect to rotor= 40.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.37, Page Number:1288" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "efficiency=0.9\n", + "output=37#kW\n", + "ratio=1.0/3.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=output*1000/efficiency\n", + "total_loss=input_m-output*1000\n", + "x=total_loss/(3+0.5)\n", + "input_r=output*1000+x/2+x\n", + "s=x/input_r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 3.0303030303 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 74 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.38, Page Number:1289" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "load=45#KW\n", + "i=75#A\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "iron_loss=1200#kW\n", + "loss=900#kW\n", + "r=0.12#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pf=load*1000/(3**0.5*v*i)\n", + "r=r*3/2\n", + "cu_loss=3*(i/3**0.5)**2*r\n", + "cu_loss_r=s*42788\n", + "pm=42788-cu_loss_r\n", + "output_s=pm-loss\n", + "efficiency=output_s/(load*1000)\n", + "t=(output_s*60)/(2*3.14*970)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"rotor cu loss=\",cu_loss_r,\"W\"\n", + "print \"p out=\",output_s,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",t,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf= 0.866025403784\n", + "rotor cu loss= 1283.64 W\n", + "p out= 40604.36 W\n", + "efficiency= 90.2319111111 %\n", + "torque= 399.937881673 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 78 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.39(a), Page Number:1287" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.9#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.75\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "e2=k*e1\n", + "z=(r**2+(s*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=s*e2/z\n", + "pcr=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=pcr*(1-s)/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "n=ns*(1-sm)\n", + "e3=sm*e2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load torque=\",tg/9.81,\"kg-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at maximum torque=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"rotor emf at max torque=\",e3,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load torque= 4.26478644041 kg-m\n", + "speed at maximum torque= 1333.33333333 rpm\n", + "rotor emf at max torque= 8.06457518868 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 88 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.39(b), Page Number:1290" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "p=4\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "pf=0.86\n", + "loss=0.05\n", + "cu_r=0.04\n", + "m_loss=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "input_m=3**0.5*v*i*pf\n", + "loss_s=loss*input_m\n", + "input_r=input_m-loss_s\n", + "cu_lossr=cu_r*input_r\n", + "mec_loss=m_loss*input_r\n", + "output_shaft=input_r-cu_lossr-mec_loss\n", + "s=cu_lossr/input_r\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "wr=2*3.14*n/60\n", + "output_r=input_r-cu_lossr\n", + "tr=output_r/wr\n", + "tin=output_shaft/wr\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip=\",s*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"rotor speed=\",n,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"torque developed in the rotor=\",tr,\"Nw-m\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tin,\"Nw-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip= 4.0 %\n", + "rotor speed= 1440.0 rpm\n", + "torque developed in the rotor= 36.0531340072 Nw-m\n", + "shaft torque= 34.9264735695 Nw-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 91 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.40, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "p=40.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.9#ohm\n", + "ratio=3.5\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "k=1/ratio\n", + "e2=k*e1\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "z=(r**2+(s*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=er/z\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "output=cu_loss*(1-s)/s\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "er=sm*e2\n", + "zr=(r**2+(x*sm)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "input_r=cu_loss/sm\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"gross output at 5% slip=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",input_r,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gross output at 5% slip= 6242.77652849 W\n", + "maximum torque= 8780.04535147 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.41, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pout=18.65#kW\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "loss=0.025\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pw=loss*pout*1000\n", + "pm=pout*1000+pw\n", + "cu_loss=s*pm/(1-s)\n", + "p2=cu_loss/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tsh=9.55*pout*1000/n\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor cu loss=\",cu_loss,\"W\"\n", + "print \"rotor input=\",p2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"shaft torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"gross electromagnetic torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor cu loss= 796.510416667 W\n", + "rotor input= 19912.7604167 W\n", + "shaft torque= 123.685763889 N-m\n", + "gross electromagnetic torque= 126.777907986 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 109 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.42, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "n=710#rpm\n", + "load=35#kW\n", + "loss=1200#W\n", + "loss_r=600#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "p2=load*1000-loss\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "cu_loss=s*p2\n", + "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "pout=pm-loss_r\n", + "tsh=9.55*pout/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"rotor copper loss=\",cu_loss/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"gross torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", + "print \"net torque=\",tsh,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power output=\",pout,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "rotor copper loss= 1.80266666667 kW\n", + "gross torque= 430.386666667 N-m\n", + "mechanical power= 31997.3333333 W\n", + "net torque= 422.316244131 N-m\n", + "mechanical power output= 31397.3333333 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 113 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.43, Page Number:1292" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "tsh=149.3#N-m\n", + "loss=200#W\n", + "cu_loss=1620#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "pout=tsh*2*3.14*(n/60)\n", + "output=pout+loss\n", + "p2=output*ns/n\n", + "cu_lossr=p2-output\n", + "p1=p2+cu_loss\n", + "efficiency=pout*100/p1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output power=\",pout/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"rotor cu loss=\",cu_lossr,\"W\"\n", + "print \"the efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output power= 15.001664 kW\n", + "rotor cu loss= 633.402666667 W\n", + "the efficiency= 85.9444669361 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 116 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.44, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pout=18.65#kW\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "n=960#rpm\n", + "i2=35#A\n", + "loss=1#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "pm=pout+loss\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "s=(ns-n)/ns\n", + "cu_lossr=pm*s*1000/(1-s)\n", + "r2=cu_lossr/(3*i2**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistane per phase=\",r2,\"ohm/phase\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistane per phase= 0.222789115646 ohm/phase\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 120 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.45, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "sf=Symbol('sf')\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.01#ohm\n", + "x=0.1#ohm\n", + "ratio=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "e2=e1/ratio\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tmax=(3/(2*3.14*25))*(e2**2/(2*x))\n", + "a=r/x\n", + "sf=solve(0.5*(a**2+sf**2)-2*a*sf,sf)\n", + "n=ns*(1-sf[0])\n", + "tf=tmax/2\n", + "output=2*3.14*n*tf/60\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"full load slip=\",sf[0]\n", + "print \"power output=\",output,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum torque= 318.47133758 N-m\n", + "full load slip= 0.0267949192431123\n", + "power output= 24330.1270189222 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 129 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.46, Page Number:1291" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=200.0#V\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.9#ohm\n", + "k=0.67\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e1=v/3**0.5\n", + "e2=e1*k\n", + "z=(r**2+(s*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=s*e2/z\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=cu_loss*(1-s)/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "sm=r/x\n", + "er=sm*e2\n", + "zr=(r**2+(sm*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "cu_lossr=3*i2**2*r\n", + "output=cu_lossr*(1-sm)/sm\n", + "n=(1-sm)*ns\n", + "tmax=9.55*output/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tmax,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"speed at max torque=\",n,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 40.4815391879 N-m\n", + "maximum torque= 63.511037037 N-m\n", + "speed at max torque= 1333.33333333 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 143 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.47, Page Number:1293" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=0.015#ohm\n", + "x=0.09#ohm\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "p=4\n", + "e2=110#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "pf=r/z\n", + "xr=s*x\n", + "zr=(r**2+xr**2)**0.5\n", + "pf2=r/zr\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "er=s*e2\n", + "i2=er/zr\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=cu_loss*(1-s)/s\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pf of motor at start=\",pf\n", + "print \"pf of motor at s=4%\",pf2\n", + "print \"full load torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf of motor at start= 0.164398987305\n", + "pf of motor at s=4% 0.972387301981\n", + "full load torque= 582.728189612 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 144 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.48, Page Number:1294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "tsh=162.84#N-m\n", + "c=90.0\n", + "t=20.36#N-m\n", + "loss=830.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "fr=c/60\n", + "s=fr/f\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "output=2*3.14*n*tsh/60\n", + "tg=tsh+t\n", + "p2=tg*ns/9.55\n", + "cu_lossr=s*p2\n", + "p1=p2+cu_lossr\n", + "efficiency=output*100/p1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"motor output=\",output,\"W\"\n", + "print \"cu loss=\",cu_lossr,\"W\"\n", + "print \"motor input\",p1,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "motor output= 16532.6024 W\n", + "cu loss= 575.497382199 W\n", + "motor input 19758.7434555 W\n", + "efficiency= 83.6723369441 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 146 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.49, Page Number:1294" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=18.65#kW\n", + "v=420.0#V\n", + "p=6\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=1.0#ohm\n", + "z=complex(0.25,0.75)\n", + "zr=complex(0.173,0.52)\n", + "v1=420.0#V\n", + "v2=350.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=v2/v1\n", + "r02=zr.real+k**2*z.real\n", + "x02=zr.imag+k**2*z.imag\n", + "z02=((r+r02)**2+x02**2)**0.5\n", + "i2=v2/(3**0.5*z02)\n", + "cu_loss=i2**2*(r+zr.real)\n", + "p2=cu_loss*3\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tst=9.55*p2/(ns*9.81)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",tst,\"kg-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 48.2909354778 kg-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.50, Page Number:1295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=8\n", + "load=37.3#ohm\n", + "v=280#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "i=200#A\n", + "pf=0.25\n", + "r=0.15#ohm\n", + "k=1.0/3\n", + "#calculation\n", + "wsc=2*v*i*pf\n", + "power_phase=v*i*pf\n", + "R=power_phase/i**2\n", + "r2_=R-r\n", + "r2=k**2*r2_\n", + "p2=3*i**2*r2_\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "t=9.55*p2/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistance perphaseof therotor winding=\",r2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"startingtorque=\",t,\"N-m\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistance perphaseof therotor winding= 0.0222222222222 ohm\n", + "startingtorque= 305.6 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.51, Page Number:1295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratios=1.6\n", + "ratiom=2.0\n", + "sf=0.01\n", + "sb=0.04\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=(ratios/sf)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"slip at full load=\",sf\n", + "print \"slip at maximum torque=\",sb\n", + "print \"rotor current=\",i" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "slip at full load= 0.01\n", + "slip at maximum torque= 0.04\n", + "rotor current= 12.6491106407\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 159 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.52, Page Number:1297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=200#km/h\n", + "f=100#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "w=v*5.0/18/(2*f)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pole pitch=\",w*1000,\"mm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pole pitch= 277.777777778 mm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 162 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.53, Page Number:1297" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "w=6#mm\n", + "f=25#Hz\n", + "p=6#kW\n", + "loss=1.2#kW\n", + "v=2.4#m/s\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vs=2*f*w/100\n", + "s=(vs-v)/vs\n", + "p2=p-loss\n", + "pcr=s*p2\n", + "pm=p2-pcr\n", + "f=p2*1000/vs\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous speed=\",vs,\"m/s\"\n", + "print \"slip=\",s\n", + "print \"cu loss=\",pcr,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"thrust=\",f/1000,\"kN\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous speed= 3 m/s\n", + "slip= 0.2\n", + "cu loss= 0.96 kW\n", + "mechanical power= 3.84 kW\n", + "thrust= 1.6 kN\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 163 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.54, Page Number:1304" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=0.12\n", + "r=0.08#ohm/phase\n", + "pg=9000.0#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "rl=r*(1/s-1)\n", + "v=(pg*rl/3)**0.5\n", + "il=v/rl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load resistance=\",rl,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"load voltage=\",v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"load current=\",il,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load resistance= 0.586666666667 ohm\n", + "load voltage= 41.9523539268 V\n", + "load current= 71.5096941934 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 166 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.55, Page Number:1305" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "p=4\n", + "r1=0.15#ohm\n", + "x1=0.45#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.12#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.45#ohm\n", + "xm=complex(0,28.5)#ohm\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "#calculations\n", + "rl_=r2_*(1/s-1)\n", + "i2_=(v/3**0.5)/complex(r1+rl_,x1)\n", + "i0=(v/3**0.5)/xm\n", + "i1=i0+i2_\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stator current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stator current= (74.5730253701-19.1783634605j) A\n", + "power factor= 0.968485280755\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 177 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.56, Page Number:1305" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=220#V\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "power=3.73#kW\n", + "r1=0.45#ohm\n", + "x1=0.8#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.4#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.8#ohm\n", + "b0=-1.0/30\n", + "loss=50#W\n", + "lossr=150#W\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zab=complex(30*complex(r2_/s,x2_))/complex(r2_/s,x2_-1/b0)\n", + "z01=complex(r1,x1)+zab\n", + "vph=v/3**0.5\n", + "i1=v1/z01\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "p2=3*i1.real**2*zab.real\n", + "pm=(1-s)*p2\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=ns*(1-s)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/n\n", + "power_o=pm-lossr\n", + "cu_loss=3*i1.real**2*r1\n", + "cu_lossr=s*p2\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_loss+cu_lossr+lossr\n", + "efficiency=power_o/(power_o+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"input current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"air gap power=\",p2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", + "print \"electro magnetic torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output power=\",power_o,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "input current= (21.9914486234+42.6194245913j) A\n", + "pf= 0.45854949826\n", + "air gap power= 5173.46132109 W\n", + "mechanical power= 4966.52286825 W\n", + "electro magnetic torque= 32.9377037443 N-m\n", + "output power= 4816.52286825 W\n", + "efficiency= 81.9644851937 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 184 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.57, Page Number:1306" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=37.3#kW\n", + "r1=0.1#ohm\n", + "x1=0.4#ohm\n", + "r2_=0.15#ohm\n", + "x2_=0.44#ohm\n", + "loss=1250#W\n", + "lossr=1000#W\n", + "i=20#A\n", + "pf=0.09\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "i2_=v1/complex(r1+r2_/s,x1+x2_)\n", + "i1=i2_+complex(1.78,19.9)\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "p2=3*i2_.real**2*r2_/s\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "tg=9.55*p2/ns\n", + "pm=p2*(1-s)\n", + "pout=pm-1000\n", + "cu_losss=3*i1.real**2*r1\n", + "cu_lossr=s*p2\n", + "total_loss=loss+cu_losss+cu_lossr+lossr\n", + "efficiency=pout/(pout+total_loss)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"electromagnetic torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"output=\",pout,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line current= (50.2750367599+11.9125821807j) A\n", + "pf= 0.973057118792\n", + "electromagnetic torque= 224.593900377 N-m\n", + "output= 33218.2329894 W\n", + "efficiency= 89.0932246577 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 186 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.58, Page Number:1306" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "z=complex(0.06,0.2)\n", + "zr=complex(0.06,0.22)\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r01=z.real+zr.real\n", + "x01=z.imag+zr.imag\n", + "z01=(r01**2+x01**2)**0.5\n", + "s=z.real/(z.real+z01)\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "pmax=3*v1**2/(2*(r01+z01))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum gross power=\",pmax,\"W\"\n", + "print \"slip=\",s" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum gross power= 143676.459572 W\n", + "slip= 0.120771344025\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 188 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.59, Page Number:1307" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v1=115#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "p=6\n", + "z=complex(0.07,0.3)\n", + "zr=complex(0.08,0.3)\n", + "gd=0.022#mho\n", + "bo=0.158#mho\n", + "s=0.02\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "rl_=1/bo*(1/s-1)\n", + "z=complex(z.real+zr.real+rl_,0.6)\n", + "v=v1/3**0.5\n", + "i2=complex(16,-2.36)\n", + "io=v*complex(gd,-bo)\n", + "i1=io+i2\n", + "pf=math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "pg=3*abs(i2)**2*rl_/100\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "n=(1-s)*ns\n", + "tg=9.55*pg/n\n", + "p2=3**0.5*v1*abs(i1)*pf\n", + "efficiency=pg*100/p2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"secondary current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"primary current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n", + "print \"power output=\",pg,\"W\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"input=\",p2,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "secondary current= (16-2.36j) A\n", + "primary current= (17.460696181-12.8504543912j) A\n", + "pf= 0.805393212665\n", + "power output= 2433.59058228 W\n", + "torque= 19.7625765823 N-m\n", + "input= 3477.92348593 W\n", + "efficiency= 69.9725164204 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 34.60, Page Number:1308" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "z=complex(0.4,1)\n", + "zr=complex(0.6,1)\n", + "zm=complex(10,50)\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sm=zr.real/(z.real**2+(z.imag+zr.imag)**2)**0.5\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "i2=v1/((z.real+zr.real)**2+(zr.imag+z.imag)**2)**0.5\n", + "tgmax=3*i2**2*z.real*60/(sm*2*3.14*1500)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum torque=\",tgmax,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum torque= 277.144160399 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 208 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter35_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter35_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1c89c3bd --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter35_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1220 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:87ef53401e46d15eef2e50d8ed392f8c9e3784abe371e55cb0923dbffffe7b33" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 35: Computations and Circle Diagrams" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.1, Page Number:1316" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=10#A\n", + "p=450#W\n", + "v=110#V\n", + "r=0.05#ohm\n", + "loss=135#w\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=3*i**2*r\n", + "core_loss=p-loss-cu_loss\n", + "volt=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "g=core_loss/(3*(v/math.sqrt(3))**2)\n", + "y=i*math.sqrt(3)/v\n", + "b=math.sqrt(y**2-g**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"exciting conductance=\",g,\"seimens/phase\"\n", + "print \"susceptance/phase=\",b,\"seimens/phase\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "exciting conductance= 0.0247933884298 seimens/phase\n", + "susceptance/phase= 0.155494939853 seimens/phase\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.2, Page Number:1317" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=110.0#V\n", + "i=25.0#A\n", + "v2=30.0#V\n", + "inpt=440.0#W\n", + "loss=40.0#W\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "ratio=1.6\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vs=v2/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "z01=vs/i\n", + "losses=inpt-loss\n", + "r01=losses/(3*i**2)\n", + "x01=math.sqrt(z01**2-r01**2)\n", + "dc_r=r/2.0\n", + "ac_r=dc_r*ratio\n", + "effective_r=r01-ac_r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"x01=\",x01,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r1=\",ac_r,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"r2=\",effective_r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "x01= 0.659157711696 ohm\n", + "r1= 0.08 ohm\n", + "r2= 0.133333333333 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.10, Page Number:1333" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=1/4.0\n", + "slip=3.0\n", + "ratio2=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "K=math.sqrt(ratio/((ratio2**2)*0.01*slip))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Percentage Tapping=\",K*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Percentage Tapping= 72.1687836487 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.11, Page Number:1333" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=14.92#kW\n", + "v1=400#V\n", + "n=950#rpm\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v2=400#V\n", + "ratio=1.8\n", + "i=30#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=v1/math.sqrt(ratio)\n", + "If=6*v*i/v1\n", + "K=v/v1\n", + "kisc=K**2*6*i\n", + "ts_tf=(1/6.0)*6**2*(f/1000.0)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)voltage=\",v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"b)current=\",If,\"A\"\n", + "print \"c)line current=\",kisc,\"A\"\n", + "print \"d)percentage=\",ts_tf*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)voltage= 298.142397 V\n", + "b)current= 134.16407865 A\n", + "c)line current= 100.0 A\n", + "d)percentage= 30.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.12, Page Number:1334" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "ratio=5.0\n", + "per=5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=math.sqrt(ratio/3)\n", + "tst_tf=(3.0/5)*5**2*0.01*per*100\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"auto-transformation ratio=\",tst_tf,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "auto-transformation ratio= 75.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 29 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.13, Page Number:1334" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "per=3.5\n", + "v2=92.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "k=math.sqrt(2/(v/v2))\n", + "ts_tf=k**2*(v/v2)**2*0.01*per\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"auto-transformation ratio=\",ts_tf*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "auto-transformation ratio= 30.4347826087 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.14, Page Number:1336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=12.0#kW\n", + "v=440.0#V\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "i=45.0#A\n", + "v2=220.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "isc=i*v/v2\n", + "if_=load*1000/(efficiency*math.sqrt(3)*pf*v)\n", + "ist=isc/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ratio=ist/if_\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio= 2.244\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 34 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.15, Page Number:1336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=60.0#A\n", + "n1=940.0#rpm\n", + "t=150.0#N-m\n", + "i2=300.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sf=(1000-n1)/1000\n", + "tst=t*(i2/i)**2*sf\n", + "s_i=i2/3\n", + "sd_tst=tst/3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Starting torque=\",tst,\"N-m\"\n", + "print\"when star/delta is used:\"\n", + "print \"starting current=\",s_i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",sd_tst,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Starting torque= 225.0 N-m\n", + "when star/delta is used:\n", + "starting current= 100.0 A\n", + "starting torque= 75.0 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.16, Page Number:1336" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "tapping=70.7\n", + "ratio=6.0\n", + "slip=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tst_tf=(1.0/3.0)*ratio**2.0*slip*0.01\n", + "tst_tf2=(1.0/2)*ratio**2.0*slip*0.01\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"star-delta switch:starting torque=\",tst_tf*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"auto-transformer switch:starting torque=\",tst_tf2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "star-delta switch:starting torque= 48.0 %\n", + "auto-transformer switch:starting torque= 72.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 48 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.17, Page Number:1337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=11.2#W\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "n=960.0#rpm\n", + "i=86.4#A\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "isc=i/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ist=isc/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "il=load*1000/(efficiency*pf*math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "iph=il/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "tst_tf=(ist*math.sqrt(3)/il)**2*0.05\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst_tf*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting torque= 26.6369577796 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.18, Page Number:1337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "output=10.0#kW\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "v2=200.0#V\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(efficiency*math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "isc=i*v/v2\n", + "iscp=isc/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ist=iscp/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ratio=ist/il\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"ratio=\",ratio" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "ratio= 1.23388000387\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 53 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.19, Page Number:1337" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3.73*1000#W\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slip=4.5\n", + "t=250.0\n", + "i=650.0\n", + "tap=60.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=i/3\n", + "im=i/3\n", + "tst=t/3\n", + "ilm=(tap/100)**2*i\n", + "imk=(tap/100)*i\n", + "tstk=(tap/100)**2*t\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"star/delta:\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",il,\"%\"\n", + "print \"motor current=\",im,\"%\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst,\"%\"\n", + "print \"60% taps:\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",ilm,\"%\"\n", + "print \"motor current=\",imk,\"%\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tstk,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " star/delta:\n", + "line current= 216.666666667 %\n", + "motor current= 216.666666667 %\n", + "starting torque= 83.3333333333 %\n", + "60% taps:\n", + "line current= 234.0 %\n", + "motor current= 390.0 %\n", + "starting torque= 90.0 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.20, Page Number:1338" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=180.0\n", + "flt=35.0\n", + "tap=75.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "isc=load*3.0/100\n", + "isck=tap**2*isc/100\n", + "sf=flt*3\n", + "tst_tf=tap**2*sf/100\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"starting current=\",isck,\"%\"\n", + "print \"starting torque=\",tst_tf/100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "starting current= 303.75 %\n", + "starting torque= 59.0625 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 68 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.21, Page Number:1338" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=7.46#kW\n", + "ic=1.7\n", + "t=35.0\n", + "ratio=60.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sf=t*3/100\n", + "il1=ic*3\n", + "tst=(ratio/1000)**2*sf*10000\n", + "il2=(ratio/100)*3*ic\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"auto-starter:\"\n", + "print \"line-current=\",il1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tst,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage decreased to 60%\"\n", + "print \"line-current\",il2,\"%\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tst,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "auto-starter:\n", + "line-current= 5.1 %\n", + "torque= 37.8 %\n", + "voltage decreased to 60%\n", + "line-current 3.06 %\n", + "torque= 37.8 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 71 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.22, Page Number:1342" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "slip=2.0\n", + "r=0.02#ohm\n", + "n=6.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "smax=r2=slip/100.0\n", + "R1=r2/smax\n", + "K=math.pow(smax,1.0/5)\n", + "R2=K*R1\n", + "R3=K*R2\n", + "R4=K*R3\n", + "R5=K*R4\n", + "p1=R1-R2\n", + "p2=R2-R3\n", + "p3=R3-R4\n", + "p4=R4-R5\n", + "p5=R5-r2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"resistances of various starter sections:\"\n", + "print \"p1=\",p1,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p2=\",p2,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p3=\",p3,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p4=\",p4,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"p5=\",p5,\"ohm\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "resistances of various starter sections:\n", + "p1= 0.542694948073 ohm\n", + "p2= 0.248177141409 ohm\n", + "p3= 0.113492660539 ohm\n", + "p4= 0.0519007670213 ohm\n", + "p5= 0.0237344829577 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 107 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.23, Page Number:1345" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "primary=complex(1,3)\n", + "outer=complex(3,1)\n", + "inner=complex(0.6,5)\n", + "s=4\n", + "outer2=complex(3/(s*0.01),1)\n", + "inner2=complex(0.6/(s*0.01),5)\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "z01=primary+1/((1/outer)+(1/inner))\n", + "current_per_phase=v/abs(z01)\n", + "torque=3*current_per_phase**2*(z01.real-1)\n", + "\n", + "print \"s=1: torque=\",torque,\"synch watt\"\n", + "\n", + "#s=4\n", + "z01=primary+1/((1/outer2)+(1/inner2))\n", + "current_per_phase=v/abs(z01)\n", + "torque=3*current_per_phase**2*(z01.real-1)\n", + "\n", + "print \"s=4: torque=\",torque,\"synch watt\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "s=1: torque= 35065.3642462 synch watt\n", + "s=4: torque= 32129.9449695 synch watt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.24, Page Number:1346" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "inner=complex(0.4,2)\n", + "outer=complex(2,0.4)\n", + "s=5\n", + "inner2=complex(0.4/(s*0.01),2)\n", + "outer2=complex(2/(s*0.01),0.4)\n", + "print \n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "zi=abs(inner)\n", + "zo=abs(outer)\n", + "r_ratio=inner.imag/outer.imag\n", + "to_ti=r_ratio*(zo/zi)**2\n", + "print \"Ratio of torques when s=1:\",to_ti\n", + "\n", + "#s=5\n", + "zi=abs(inner2)\n", + "zo=abs(outer2)\n", + "print zi\n", + "r_ratio=inner2.imag/outer2.imag\n", + "to_ti=r_ratio*(zi/zo)**2\n", + "\n", + "print \"Ratio of torques when s=5:\",to_ti" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "\n", + "Ratio of torques when s=1: 5.0\n", + "8.24621125124\n", + "Ratio of torques when s=5: 0.212478752125\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 37 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.25, Page Number:1346" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=5\n", + "zi=complex(0.05,0.4)\n", + "zo=complex(0.5,0.1)\n", + "v=100#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "z=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "r2=z.real\n", + "z=abs(z)\n", + "i2=v/z\n", + "t=i2**2*r2\n", + "print \"s=1:torque=\",t,\"synch watts\"\n", + "\n", + "#s=0.01\n", + "zi=complex(0.05/(s*0.01),0.4)\n", + "zo=complex(0.5/(s*0.01),0.1)\n", + "z=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "r2=z.real\n", + "z=abs(z)\n", + "i2=v/z\n", + "t=i2**2*r2\n", + "print \"s=5:torque=\",t,\"synch watts\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "s=1:torque= 22307.6923077 synch watts\n", + "s=5:torque= 9620.58966517 synch watts\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 43 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.27, Page Number:1347" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "zo=complex(1,0)\n", + "zi=complex(0.15,3)\n", + "v=250#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "z2=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "stator=complex(0.25,3.5)\n", + "z01=z2+stator\n", + "i=complex(v,0)/z01\n", + "i=abs(i)\n", + "cu_loss=i**2*z01.real\n", + "T=cu_loss*3/(2*math.pi*(n/60))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",T,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 135.560320318 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.28, Page Number:1348" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "z1=complex(1,2.8)\n", + "zo=complex(3,1)\n", + "zi=complex(0.5,5)\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "s=0.04\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#s=1\n", + "z2=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "z01=z1+z2\n", + "i2=v/z01\n", + "r2=z2.real\n", + "t=abs(i2)**2*r2\n", + "\n", + "print \"s=1:torque=\",t,\"synch. watt\"\n", + "\n", + "#s=0.04\n", + "zo=complex(3.0/s,1.0)\n", + "zi=complex(0.5/s,5.0)\n", + "z2=zo*zi/(zo+zi)\n", + "z01=z1+z2\n", + "i2=v/z01\n", + "r2=z2.real\n", + "t=abs(i2)**2*r2\n", + "print \"s=4:torque=\",t,\"synch. watt\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "s=1:torque= 12388.3258184 synch. watt\n", + "s=4:torque= 11489.1141244 synch. watt\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 58 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.29, Page Number:1351" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.30#ohm\n", + "n1=1440.0#rpm\n", + "n2=1320.0#rpm\n", + "ns=120.0*f/4.0\n", + "#calculations\n", + "s1=(ns-n1)/ns\n", + "s2=(ns-n2)/ns\n", + "r=s2*r/s1-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external resistance= 0.6 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.30, Page Number:1348" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "s=0.03\n", + "ratio=10.0\n", + "r=0.2\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/6\n", + "s1=s\n", + "n1=ns*(1-s1)\n", + "n2=n1-10*n1/100\n", + "s2=(ns-n2)/ns\n", + "r=s2*r/s1-r\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"external resistance=\",r,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "external resistance= 0.646666666667 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 61 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.31, Page Number:1354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#Variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "s=0.02\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "n=(1-s)*nsc\n", + "nsa=120*f/6\n", + "sa=(nsa-n)/nsa\n", + "f_=sa*f\n", + "n_=(120*f_)/4\n", + "sb=(n_-n)/n_\n", + "f__=sb*f_\n", + "\n", + "#resu;t\n", + "print \"f_=\",f_,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"f_ _=\",f__,\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "f_= 20.6 Hz\n", + "f_ _= 1.0 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.32, Page Number:1354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "f2=1.0#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "s=f2/f\n", + "n=nsc-s*nsc\n", + "nsa=120*f/4\n", + "sa=(nsa-n)/nsa\n", + "f1=sa*f\n", + "n2=120*f1/6\n", + "sb=(n2-n)/n2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"sa=\",sa*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"sb=\",sb*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "sa= 60.8 %\n", + "sb= 3.28947368421 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.33, Page Number:1354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=74.6#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "output=load*4/10\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of set=\",nsc,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"electric power transferred=\",output,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of set= 600 rpm\n", + "electric power transferred= 29.84 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 79 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 35.34, Page Number:1355" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "load=25#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "nsc=120*f/10\n", + "output=load*4/10\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"speed of set=\",nsc,\"rpm\"\n", + "print \"electric power transferred=\",output,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "speed of set= 600 rpm\n", + "electric power transferred= 10 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 78 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter36_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter36_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a28f10ba --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter36_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,393 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:a362cd0373fe77cde513a2a109a4d7c05a5dbd87d086b1227fbc532438b6bbb6" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 36: Single-Phase Motors" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.1, Page Number:1374" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "R1=1.86\n", + "X1=2.56\n", + "R2=3.56\n", + "X2=2.56\n", + "Xm=53.5\n", + "r1=R1/2\n", + "x1=X1/2\n", + "r2=R2/2\n", + "x2=X2/2\n", + "xm=Xm/2\n", + "v=110\n", + "f=60\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "xo=xm+x2\n", + "\n", + "zf=(((r2/s)*xm)/(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "jf=(((r2/s)*(r2/s)+(x2*xo))/(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "Jf=math.degrees(math.atan(jf/zf))\n", + "\n", + "zb=(((r2/(2-s))*xm)/(((r2/s)*(r2/(2-s)))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "jb=(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s))+(x2*xo))/(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(xo*xo)))*xm\n", + "Jb=math.degrees(math.atan(jb/zb))\n", + "\n", + "Z1=R1\n", + "J1=X1\n", + "z01=Z1+zf+zb\n", + "j01=jf+jb+J1\n", + "J01=math.degrees(math.atan(j01/z01))\n", + "\n", + "i1=v/z01\n", + "vf=i1*zf\n", + "vb=i1*zb\n", + "z3=math.sqrt(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(x2*x2))\n", + "z5=math.sqrt(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "\n", + "i3=vf/z3\n", + "i5=vb/z5\n", + "tf=(i3*i3*r2)/s\n", + "tb=t5=(i5*i5*r2)/(2-s)\n", + "t=tf-tb\n", + "output=t*(1-s)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output = \",output" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output = 206.798750547\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.2, Page Number:1375" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=185\n", + "v=110\n", + "f=50\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "R1=1.86\n", + "X1=2.56\n", + "Xo=53.5\n", + "R2=3.56\n", + "X2=2.56\n", + "Xm=53.5\n", + "cl=3.5#core loss\n", + "fl=13.5#friction loss\n", + "vf=(82.5/100)*v\n", + "ic=(cl*100)/vf\n", + "r1=R1/2\n", + "x1=X1/2\n", + "r2=R2/2\n", + "x2=X2/2\n", + "xm=Xm/2\n", + "rc=vf/ic\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "#motor 1\n", + "c=1/rc #conductance of corebranch\n", + "s=-(1/xm)#susceptance\n", + "a1=(r2/s)/(((r2/s)*r2/s)+(x2*x2))#admittance\n", + "a1j=-x2/(((r2/s)*r2/s)+(x2*x2))#admittance j\n", + "yf=c+a1\n", + "yfj=s+a1j\n", + "zf=(yf*yf)+(yfj*yfj)\n", + "zfr=yf/zf\n", + "zfj=yfj/zf\n", + "\n", + "#motor 2\n", + "a2=(r2/2-s)/(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "a2j=-x2/(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "Z1=R1\n", + "J1=X1\n", + "yb=yf+a2\n", + "ybj=yfj+a2j\n", + "zb1=(yb*yb)+(ybj*ybj)\n", + "zbr=yb/zb1\n", + "zbj=ybj/zb1\n", + "z01=Z1+zf+zbr\n", + "z01j=J1+zfj+zbj\n", + "\n", + "i1=v/z01\n", + "vf=i1*zf\n", + "vb=i1*zbr\n", + "z3=math.sqrt(((r2/s)*(r2/s))+(x2*x2))\n", + "z5=math.sqrt(((r2/(2-s))*(r2/(2-s)))+(x2*x2))\n", + "\n", + "i3=vf/z3\n", + "i5=vb/z5\n", + "tf=(i3*i3*r2)/s\n", + "tb=t5=(i5*i5*r2)/(2-s)\n", + "t=tf-tb\n", + "watt=t*(1-s)\n", + "net_output=watt-fl\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Net output = \",net_output" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Net output = -446.423232085\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.3, Page Number:1376" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=250\n", + "v=230\n", + "f=50\n", + "zm=4.5\n", + "zmj=3.7\n", + "za=9.5\n", + "zaj=3.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zma=math.degrees(math.atan(zmj/zm))\n", + "ialeadv=90-zma\n", + "x=za*(math.tan(math.radians(ialeadv)))\n", + "xc=x+zaj\n", + "c=1000000/(xc*2*50*3.14)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"C= \",c,\" uf\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "C= 211.551875951 uf\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.4, Page Number:1393" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "\n", + "p=250\n", + "f=50\n", + "v=220\n", + "ndc=2000\n", + "ia=1\n", + "ra=20\n", + "la=0.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ebdc=v-(ia*ra)\n", + "#ac\n", + "xa=2*3.14*f*la\n", + "ebac=-(ia*ra)+math.sqrt((v*v)-((ia*xa)*(ia*xa)))\n", + "nac=(ebac*ndc)/ebdc\n", + "cos_phi=(ebac+(ia*ra))/v\n", + "pmech=ebac*ia\n", + "T=(pmech*9.55)/nac\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Speed= \",nac,\" rpm\"\n", + "print \"Torque= \",T,\" N-m\"\n", + "print \"Power Factor= \",cos_phi,\" lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Speed= 1606.22922133 rpm\n", + "Torque= 0.955 N-m\n", + "Power Factor= 0.821013282424 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 30 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "Example Number 36.5, Page Number:1394" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "r=30\n", + "l=0.5\n", + "v=250\n", + "idc=0.8\n", + "ndc=2000\n", + "f=50\n", + "ia=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "xa=2*3.14*f*l\n", + "ra=r\n", + "ebac=-(ia*ra)+math.sqrt((v*v)-((ia*xa)*(ia*xa)))\n", + "ebdc=v-(r*idc)\n", + "nac=(ndc*ebac)/ebdc\n", + "cos_phi=(ebac+(ia*ra))/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Speed= \",nac,\" rpm\"\n", + "print \"Power Factor= \",cos_phi,\" lag\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Speed= 1700.52062383 rpm\n", + "Power Factor= 0.864635321971 lag\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 36 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 36.6, Page Number:1396" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50\n", + "a=30\n", + "w=8\n", + "v=220\n", + "v2=205\n", + "pole=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "\n", + "ns=(120*f)/pole\n", + "tsh=(9.55*w*1000)/ns\n", + "alpha=0.5*(math.degrees(math.asin((v*v*math.sin(math.radians(2*a)))/(v2*v2))))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Torque angle if voltage drops to 205 V = \",alpha,\" degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Torque angle if voltage drops to 205 V = 42.9327261097 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 38 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter37_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter37_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7e0be0a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter37_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,2781 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:3f52bfdb4973d016ec59d44992f6a2ce15bb8cca394c854d00d33c6af91049f3" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 37: Alternators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.1, Page Number:1412" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "s1=36.0\n", + "p1=4.0\n", + "span1=8.0\n", + "s2=72.0\n", + "p2=6.0\n", + "span2=10.0\n", + "s3=96.0\n", + "p3=6.0\n", + "span3=12.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "alpha1=2*p1*180/s1\n", + "alpha2=3*p2*180/s2\n", + "alpha3=5*p3*180/s3\n", + "kc1=math.cos(math.radians(alpha1/2))\n", + "kc2=math.cos(math.radians(alpha2/2))\n", + "kc3=math.cos(math.radians(alpha3/2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a)kc=\",kc1\n", + "print \"b)kc=\",kc2\n", + "print \"c)kc=\",kc3" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a)kc= 0.939692620786\n", + "b)kc= 0.923879532511\n", + "c)kc= 0.881921264348\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.2, Page Number:1414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "s=36.0\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n=s/p\n", + "beta=180/n\n", + "m=s/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"distribution factor=\",kd" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "distribution factor= 0.959795080524\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.3, Page Number:1414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=10.0#V\n", + "beta=30.0#degrees\n", + "m=6.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "arith_sum=6*v\n", + "vector_sum=kd*arith_sum\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "print \"emf of six coils in series=\",vector_sum,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf of six coils in series= 38.6370330516 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.4, Page Number:1414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "ratio=2.0/3.0\n", + "m1=9\n", + "m2=6\n", + "m3=3\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kd1=math.sin(m1*math.radians(beta/2))/(m1*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd2=math.sin(m2*math.radians(beta/2))/(m2*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd3=math.sin(m3*math.radians(beta/2))/(m3*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i) kd=\",kd1\n", + "print \"ii)kd=\",kd2\n", + "print \"iii)kd=\",kd3" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i) kd= 0.639863387016\n", + "ii)kd= 0.831206922161\n", + "iii)kd= 0.959795080524\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.5, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "slot=18.0\n", + "s=16.0\n", + "m1=3.0\n", + "m2=5.0\n", + "m3=7.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "span=(s-1)\n", + "alpha=180*3/slot\n", + "kc1=math.cos(math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "kc3=math.cos(math.radians(m1*alpha/2))\n", + "kc5=math.cos(math.radians(m2*alpha/2))\n", + "kc7=math.cos(math.radians(m3*alpha/2))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kc1=\",kc1\n", + "print \"kc3=\",kc3\n", + "print \"kc5=\",kc5\n", + "print \"kc7=\",kc7" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kc1= 0.965925826289\n", + "kc3= 0.707106781187\n", + "kc5= 0.258819045103\n", + "kc7= -0.258819045103\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.6, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=16.0\n", + "s=144.0\n", + "z=10.0\n", + "phi=0.03#Wb\n", + "n=375.0#rpm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "f=p*n/120\n", + "n=s/p\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "m=s/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "t=s*z/(3*2)\n", + "eph=4.44*1*0.96*f*phi*t\n", + "el=3**0.5*eph\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency=\",f,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"phase emf=\",eph,\"V\"\n", + "print \"line emf=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency= 50.0 Hz\n", + "phase emf= 1534.464 V\n", + "line emf= 2657.76961039 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.7, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=6\n", + "s=54\n", + "phi=0.1#Wb\n", + "n=1200#rpm\n", + "t=8\n", + "#calculations\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "kc=math.cos(beta/2)\n", + "f=p*n/120\n", + "n=s/p\n", + "m=s/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "z=s*8/3\n", + "t=z/2\n", + "eph=4.44*0.98*0.96*f*phi*t\n", + "el=3**0.*eph\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"eph=\",eph,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "eph= 1804.529664 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.8, Page Number:1416" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=16.0\n", + "slots=144.0\n", + "z=4.0\n", + "n=375.0\n", + "airgap=5*0.01\n", + "theta=150.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kf=1.11\n", + "alpha=(180-theta)\n", + "kc=math.cos(math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "beta=180/9\n", + "m=slots/(p*3)\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "f=p*n/120\n", + "s=slots/3\n", + "eph=4*kf*kc*kd*f*airgap*s*4/2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf per phase=\",eph,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf per phase= 987.908016392 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 31 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.9, Page Number:1417" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=10\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "n=600#rpm\n", + "slots=180\n", + "s=15\n", + "d=1.2#m\n", + "l=0.4#m\n", + "m=6\n", + "beta=180/18\n", + "#calculations\n", + "area=(1.2*3.14/p)*l\n", + "phi1=area*0.637\n", + "vr=1.1*2*f*phi1\n", + "vp=2**0.5*vr\n", + "v3=0.4*vp\n", + "v5=0.2*vp\n", + "vf=6*vp*0.966\n", + "vf3=6*v3*0.707\n", + "vf5=6*v5*0.259\n", + "kd1=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd2=math.sin(math.radians(3*m*beta/2))/(6*math.sin(3*math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "kd3=math.sin(math.radians(5*m*beta/2))/(6*math.sin(5*math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "vph=vf*2**0.5*60*kd1\n", + "vph3=vf3*2**0.5*60*kd2\n", + "vph5=vf5*2**0.5*60*kd3\n", + "rmsv=(vph**2+vph3**2+vph5**2)**0.5\n", + "rmsvl=3**0.5*(vph**2+vph5**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"i)e=\",vp,\"sin theta+\",v3,\"sin 3theta+\",v5,\"sin 5theta\"\n", + "print \"ii)e=\",vf,\"sin theta+\",vf3,\"sin 3theta+\",vf5,\"sin 5theta\"\n", + "print \"iii)rms value of phase voltage=\",rmsv,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "i)e= 14.9354392872 sin theta+ 5.97417571489 sin 3theta+ 2.98708785745 sin 5theta\n", + "ii)e= 86.5658061088 sin theta+ 25.3424533826 sin 3theta+ 4.64193453047 sin 5theta\n", + "iii)rms value of phase voltage= 7158.83679423 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 33 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.10, Page Number:1418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slot=60.0\n", + "z=4.0\n", + "s=3.0\n", + "theta=60.0\n", + "phi=0.943#Wb\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "m=slot/(p*s)\n", + "beta=slot/5\n", + "kd=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "alpha=(s/15)*180\n", + "kc=math.cos(math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "z=slot*z/s\n", + "t=z/2\n", + "kf=1.11\n", + "eph=z*kf*kc*kd*f*phi*t/2\n", + "el=3**0.5*eph*0.1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line voltage=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line voltage= 13196.4478482 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.11, Page Number:1418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slot=15.0\n", + "z=10.0\n", + "kd=0.95\n", + "e=1825#v\n", + "kc=1\n", + "kf=1.11\n", + "#calculations\n", + "slots=p*slot\n", + "slotsp=slots/3\n", + "turnp=20*z/2\n", + "phi=e/(3**0.5*p*kc*kf*kd*f*turnp)\n", + "z=slots*z\n", + "n=120*f/p\n", + "eg=(phi*0.001*z*n)/slots\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf=\",eg*1000,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf= 749.405577006 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 47 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.12, Page Number:1419" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=360#V\n", + "f=60.0#Hz\n", + "i=3.6#A\n", + "f2=40#Hz\n", + "i2=2.4#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e2=v*i2*f2/(f*i)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e2=\",e2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e2= 160.0 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 49 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.13, Page Number:1418" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "slot=2\n", + "z=4\n", + "theta=150#degrees\n", + "phi=0.12#Wb\n", + "per=20#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "alpha=180-theta\n", + "slotp=6\n", + "m=2\n", + "beta=180/slotp\n", + "kd1=math.sin(m*math.radians(beta/2))/(m*math.sin(math.radians(beta/2)))\n", + "z=10*slot*z\n", + "t=z/2\n", + "e1=4.44*kd1*kd1*f*0.12*t\n", + "kc3=math.cos(3*math.radians(alpha/2))\n", + "f2=f*3\n", + "phi3=(1.0/3)*per*0.12\n", + "e3=4.44*kd3*kd3*theta*0.008*40\n", + "e=(e1**2+e3**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"e=\",e,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "e= 994.25286629 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 50 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.14, Page Number:1419" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=230.0#V\n", + "per=10.0#%\n", + "per2=6.0#%\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "#star connection\n", + "e5=per*v/100\n", + "e=(v**2+e5**2)**0.5\n", + "eph=3**0.5*e\n", + "\n", + "#delta\n", + "e3=10*v/100\n", + "f3=10*3\n", + "i=e3/f3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line voltage for star=\",eph,\"V\"\n", + "print \"line voltage for delta=\",e3,\"V\"\n", + "print \"current=\",i,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line voltage for star= 400.358589267 V\n", + "line voltage for delta= 23.0 V\n", + "current= 0.766666666667 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 55 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.15(a), Page Number:1420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=10.0\n", + "p1=24.0\n", + "f=25#Hz\n", + "p3=6.0\n", + "s=0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "n=120*f/p\n", + "f1=p1*n/120\n", + "n2=120*f1/6\n", + "n3=(1-s)*n2\n", + "f2=s*f1p\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency=\",f1,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"speed=\",n3,\"rpm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency= 60.0 Hz\n", + "speed= 1140.0 rpm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.15(b), Page Number:1420" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=4\n", + "phi=0.12#Wb\n", + "slotsp=4\n", + "cp=4\n", + "theta=150#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "slots=slotsp*3*p\n", + "c=cp*slots\n", + "turns=32\n", + "kb=math.sin(math.radians(60/2))/(p*math.sin(math.radians(7.5)))\n", + "kp=math.cos(math.radians(15))\n", + "eph=4.44*50*0.12*kb*0.966*turns\n", + "el=eph*3**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line voltage\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line voltage 1365.94840977 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 62 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.16, Page Number:1426" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10#MW\n", + "pf=0.85\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "x=0.66#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*10**6/(3**0.5*v*1000*pf)\n", + "iradrop=i*r\n", + "ixsdrop=i*x\n", + "vp=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+i*r)**2+(vp*sinphi+i*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "el=3**0.5*e0\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"linevalue of emf=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "linevalue of emf= 11475.6408913 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 69 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.17(a), Page Number:1428" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2200.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "load=440.0#KVA\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "i=40.0#A\n", + "il=200.0#A\n", + "vf=1160.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "zs=vf/200\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous impedence=\",zs,\"ohm\"\n", + "print \"synchronous reactance=\",xs,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous impedence= 5.8 ohm\n", + "synchronous reactance= 5.77840808528 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 71 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.17(b), Page Number:1428" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=60.0#kVA\n", + "v=220.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.016#ohm\n", + "x=0.07#ohm\n", + "pf=0.7\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/v\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixl=i*x\n", + "#unity pf\n", + "e=((v+ira)**2+(ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "#pf of 0.7 lag\n", + "e2=((v*pf+ira)**2+(v*pf+ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "#pf of 0.7 lead\n", + "e3=((v*pf+ira)**2+(v*pf-ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage with pf=1\",e,\"V\"\n", + "print \"voltage with pf=0.7 lag\",e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"voltage with pf=0.7 lead\",e3,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage with pf=1 225.174386048 V\n", + "voltage with pf=0.7 lag 234.604995966 V\n", + "voltage with pf=0.7 lead 208.03726621 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 75 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.18(a), Page Number:1429" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=50.0#KVA\n", + "v1=440.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.25#ohm\n", + "x=3.2#ohm\n", + "xl=0.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=v1/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v1)\n", + "rd=i*r\n", + "ixl=i*xl\n", + "ea=((v+rd)**2+(ixl)**2)**0.5\n", + "el=3**0.5*ea\n", + "e0=((v+rd)**2+(i*x)**2)**0.5\n", + "e0l=e0*3**0.5\n", + "per=(e0-v)/v\n", + "xa=x-xl\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"internal emf Ea=\",el,\"V\"\n", + "print \"no load emf=\",e0l,\"V\"\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",per*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"valueof synchronous reactance=\",xa,\"ohm\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "internal emf Ea= 471.842539659 V\n", + "no load emf= 592.991130967 V\n", + "percentage regulation= 34.7707115833 %\n", + "valueof synchronous reactance= 2.7 ohm\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 87 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.19, Page Number:1432" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "i=200.0#A\n", + "v=50.0#V\n", + "r=0.1#ohm\n", + "il=100.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "vt=200.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "zs=v/vt\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "ira=il*r\n", + "ixs=il*xs\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "e0=((vt*pf+ira)**2+(vt*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced voltage=\",e0,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced voltage= 222.090276316 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 90 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.20, Page Number:1433" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2000.0#V\n", + "i=100.0#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.71\n", + "i2=2.5#A\n", + "v2=500.0#V\n", + "r=0.8#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "sinphi2=math.sin(math.acos(pf2))\n", + "zs=v2/i\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**.5\n", + "#unity pf\n", + "e01=((v+r*i)**2+(i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg1=(e01-v)*100/v\n", + "#at pf=0.8\n", + "e02=((v*pf+r*i)**2+(v*sinphi1-i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg2=(e02-v)*100/v\n", + "#at pf=0.71\n", + "e03=((v*pf2+r*i)**2+(v*sinphi2+i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg3=(e03-v)*100/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation unity pf=\",reg1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf=\",reg2,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.71 lead pf=\",reg3,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.6\n", + "voltage regulation unity pf= 6.88779163216 %\n", + "voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf= -8.875640156 %\n", + "voltage regulation 0.71 lead pf= 21.1141910671 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 100 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.21, Page Number:1433" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=3000.0#V\n", + "load=100.0#kVA\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "r=0.2\n", + "i1=40.0#A\n", + "i2=200.0#A\n", + "v2=1040.0#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v1=v/3**0.5\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "zs=v2/(3**0.5*i2)\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#at pf=0.8 lag\n", + "e01=((v1*pf+r*i)**2+(v1*sinphi1+i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg1=(e01-v1)*100/v1\n", + "#at pf=0.8 lead\n", + "e02=((v1*pf+r*i)**2+(v1*sinphi1-i*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg2=(e02-v1)*100/v1\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf=\",reg1,\"%\"\n", + "print \"voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf=\",reg2,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf= 2.20611574348 %\n", + "voltage regulation 0.8 lag pf= -1.77945143824 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 112 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.22, Page Number:1434" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1600.0#kVA\n", + "v=13500.0#V\n", + "r=1.5#ohm\n", + "x=30.0#ohm\n", + "load1=1280.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "i=load1*1000/(3**0.5*v*pf)\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi1-ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-vp)*100/vp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage regulation= -11.9909032489 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 122 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.23, Page Number:1435" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#kVA\n", + "v=400.0#V\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "x=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "thetadel=math.atan((vp*sinphi+ixs)/(vp*pf+ira))\n", + "delta=math.degrees(thetadel)-math.degrees(math.acos(pf))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"voltage regulation=\",regn*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"power angle=\",delta,\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "voltage regulation= 48.0405877623 %\n", + "power angle= 18.9704078085 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 127 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.24, Page Number:1435" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=6000.0#KVA\n", + "v=6600.0#V\n", + "p=2.0\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "i2=125.0#A\n", + "v1=8000.0#V\n", + "i3=800.0#A\n", + "d=0.03\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "zs=v1/(3**0.5*i3)\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "rd=d*vp\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ira=rd\n", + "ra=ira/il\n", + "xs=(zs**2-ra**2)**0.5\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi+il*xs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"percentage regulation=\",reg*100,\"%\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "percentage regulation= 62.2972136768 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 133 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.25, Page Number:1435" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "load=2000#KVA\n", + "v=2300#V\n", + "i=600#A\n", + "v2=900#V\n", + "r=0.12#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "zs=v2/(3**0.5*i)\n", + "rp=r/2\n", + "re=rp*1.5\n", + "xs=(zs**2-re**2)**0.5\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ira=il*rp\n", + "ixs=il*xs\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "e0=((vp+ira)**2+(ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg1=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "e0=((vp*pf+ira)**2+(vp*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "reg2=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=1\",reg1*100,\"%\"\n", + "print \"regulation at pf=0.8\",reg2*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation at pf=1 7.32796146323 %\n", + "regulation at pf=0.8 23.8398862235 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 134 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.26, Page Number:1436" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=Symbol('v')\n", + "load=2000#KVA\n", + "load1=11#KV\n", + "r=0.3#ohm\n", + "x=5#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*load1*1000)\n", + "vt=load1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "e0=((vt*pf+ira)**2+(vt*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "v=solve(((pf*v+ira)**2+(sinphi*v-ixs)**2)**0.5-e0,v)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",v[1],\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= 6978.31767618569 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 150 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.27, Page Number:1436" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1200#KVA\n", + "load1=3.3#KV\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.25#ohm\n", + "i=35#A\n", + "i2=200#A\n", + "v=1.1#kV\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "zs=v*1000/(3**0.5*i2)\n", + "xs=(zs**2-r**2)**0.5\n", + "v=load1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", + "ia=load*1000/(3**0.5*load1*1000)\n", + "e=v+ia*zs\n", + "change=(e-v)/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"per unit change=\",change" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "per unit change= 0.349909254054\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 151 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.28, Page Number:1437" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v1=11#kV\n", + "load=3#MVA\n", + "i=100#A\n", + "v2=12370#V\n", + "vt=11000#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "r=0.4#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "E0=v1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "v=v2/3**0.5\n", + "pf=0\n", + "sinphi=1\n", + "xs=(v-(E0**2-(i*r)**2)**0.5)/i\n", + "il=load*10**6/(3**0.5*v1*1000)\n", + "ira=il*r\n", + "ixs=il*xs\n", + "e0=((E0*pf+ira)**2+(E0*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-E0)*100/E0\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 19.6180576177 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 175 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.29, Page Number:1437" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "vt=3500#v\n", + "load=2280#KW\n", + "v1=3300#V\n", + "r=8#ohm\n", + "x=6#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vl=vt/3**0.5\n", + "vp=v1/3**0.5\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v1*pf)\n", + "drop=vl-vp\n", + "z=(r**2+x**2)**0.5\n", + "x=vl/(z+drop/il)\n", + "vtp=vl-x*drop/il\n", + "vtpl=vtp*3**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",vtpl,\"V\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= 3420.781893 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 176 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.30, Page Number:1441" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3.5#MVA\n", + "v=4160#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "i=200#A\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "il=load*10**6/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "zs=4750/(3**0.5*il)\n", + "ra=0\n", + "ixs=il*zs\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "e0=((vp*pf)**2+(vp*sinphi+ixs)**2)**0.5\n", + "regn=(e0-vp)/vp\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "regulation= 0.91675794767 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 184 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.39, Page Number:1455" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "xd=0.7\n", + "xq=0.4\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v=1\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "ia=1\n", + "tandelta=ia*xq*pf/(v+xq*sinphi)\n", + "delta=math.atan(tandelta)\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(math.radians(36.9)+delta)\n", + "e0=v*math.cos(delta)+i_d*xd\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"no load voltage=\",e0,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load angle= 14.4702941001 degrees\n", + "no load voltage= 1.51511515874 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 185 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.40, Page Number:1455" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "xd=0.6\n", + "xq=0.45\n", + "ra=0.015\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "ia=1\n", + "v=1\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(pf))\n", + "#calculation\n", + "tanpsi=(v*sinphi+ia*xq)/(v*pf+ia*ra)\n", + "psi=math.atan(tanpsi)\n", + "delta=psi-math.acos(pf)\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(psi)\n", + "iq=ia*math.cos(psi)\n", + "e0=v*math.cos(delta)+iq*ra+i_d*xd\n", + "regn=(e0-v)*100/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"open circuit voltage=\",e0,\"V\"\n", + "print \"regulation=\",regn,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "open circuit voltage= 1.44767600311 V\n", + "regulation= 44.7676003107 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 187 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.41, Page Number:1455" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "ia=10#A\n", + "phi=math.radians(20)\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "xd=10#ohm\n", + "xq=6.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "tandelta=ia*xq*pf/(v+ia*xq*sinphi)\n", + "delta=math.atan(tandelta)\n", + "i_d=ia*math.sin(phi+delta)\n", + "iq=ia*math.cos(phi+delta)\n", + "e0=v*math.cos(delta)+i_d*xd\n", + "regn=(e0-v)/v\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"id=\",i_d,\"A\"\n", + "print \"iq=\",iq,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load angle= 8.23131209115 degrees\n", + "id= 4.7303232581 A\n", + "iq= 8.81045071911 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 189 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.42, Page Number:1459" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "e1=220#V\n", + "f1=60#Hz\n", + "e2=222#V\n", + "f2=59#Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "emax=(e1+e2)/2\n", + "emin=(e2-e1)/2\n", + "f=(f1-f2)\n", + "epeak=emax/0.707\n", + "pulse=(f1-f2)*60\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"max voltage=\",emax,\"V\"\n", + "print \"min voltage=\",emin,\"V\"\n", + "print \"frequency=\",f,\"Hz\"\n", + "print \"peak value of voltage=\",epeak,\"V\"\n", + "print \"number of maximum light pulsations/minute=\",pulse" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "max voltage= 221 V\n", + "min voltage= 1 V\n", + "frequency= 1 Hz\n", + "peak value of voltage= 312.588401697 V\n", + "number of maximum light pulsations/minute= 60\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 190 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.43, Page Number:1462" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "power=1500#kVA\n", + "v=6.6#kV\n", + "r=0.4#ohm\n", + "x=6#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i=power*1000/(3**0.5*v*1000)\n", + "ira=i*r\n", + "ixs=i*x\n", + "vp=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "tanphialpha=(vp*math.sin(phi)+ixs)/(vp*pf+ira)\n", + "phialpha=math.atan(tanphialpha)\n", + "alpha=phialpha-phi\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power angle=\",math.degrees(alpha)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power angle= 7.87684146241\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 198 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.44, Page Number:1464" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3000#KVA\n", + "p=6\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "v=3300#v\n", + "x=0.25\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "ixs=x*vp\n", + "xs=x*vp/i\n", + "alpha=1*p/2\n", + "psy=3*3.14*vp**2/(60*xs*n)\n", + "tsy=9.55*psy/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronizing power=\",psy,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"torque=\",tsy*1000,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronizing power= 628.0 kW\n", + "torque= 5997.4 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 202 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.45, Page Number:1465" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=3#MVA\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "v1=3.3#kV\n", + "r=0.25\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v1*1000/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000000/(3**0.5*v1*1000)\n", + "ixs=complex(0,r*vp)\n", + "xs=ixs/i\n", + "v=vp*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "e0=v+ixs\n", + "alpha=math.atan(e0.imag/e0.real)-math.acos(pf)\n", + "p=6/2\n", + "psy=abs(e0)*vp*math.cos(alpha)*math.sin(math.radians(3))/xs\n", + "tsy=9.55*3*psy*100/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous power=\",-psy*3/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"toque=\",-tsy/100,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous power= 722.236196153j kW\n", + "toque= 6897.35567326j N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 221 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.46, Page Number:1465" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=750#KVA\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "p=4\n", + "r=1#%\n", + "x=15#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v*1000)\n", + "vph=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "ira=r*vph/1000\n", + "ra=ira/i\n", + "xs=x*vph/(100*i)\n", + "zs=(ra**2+xs**2)**0.5\n", + "#no load\n", + "alpha=p/2\n", + "psy=math.radians(alpha)*vph**2/xs\n", + "#fl 0.8 pf\n", + "e=((vph*pf+i*ra)**2+(vph*math.sin(math.acos(pf)+i*xs))**2)**0.5\n", + "psy2=math.radians(alpha)*e*vph/xs\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Synchronous power at:\"\n", + "print \"no load=\",psy,\"W\"\n", + "print \"at pf of 0.8=\",psy2,\"w\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Synchronous power at:\n", + "no load= 58177.6417331 W\n", + "at pf of 0.8= 73621.2350169 w\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 225 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.47, Page Number:1466" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=2000#KVA\n", + "p=8\n", + "n=750#rpm\n", + "v1=6000#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "r=6#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "alpha=math.radians(4)\n", + "v=v1/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v1)\n", + "e0=((v*pf)**2+(v*math.sin(math.acos(pf))+i*r)**2)**0.5\n", + "psy=alpha*e0*v*3/r\n", + "tsy=9.55*psy/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous power=\",psy,\"W\"\n", + "print \"synchronous torque=\",tsy,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous power= 514916.500204 W\n", + "synchronous torque= 6556.60343593 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 226 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.48, Page Number:1467" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5000#KVA\n", + "v=10000#V\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=20#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "phi=0.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/3**0.5\n", + "i=load*1000/(3**0.5*v)\n", + "xs=r*vp/(1000*i)\n", + "p=120*f/n\n", + "alpha=math.radians(2)\n", + "#no load\n", + "psy=3*alpha*vp**2/(p*1000)\n", + "tsy=9.55*psy*1000/(n*2)\n", + "#pf=0.8\n", + "v2=vp*complex(pf,math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "ixs=complex(0,i*4)\n", + "e0=v+ixs\n", + "psy2=abs(e0)*vp*math.cos(math.radians(8.1))*math.sin(math.radians(2))*3/4\n", + "tsy2=9.55*psy2/(n*20)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"synchronous power:\"\n", + "print \"atno load=\",psy,\"w\"\n", + "print \"at 0.8 pf=\",psy2,\"w\"\n", + "print \"torque:\"\n", + "print \"at no load=\",tsy,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"at pf=0.8=\",tsy2,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "synchronous power:\n", + "atno load= 872.664625997 w\n", + "at 0.8 pf= 1506057.44405 w\n", + "torque:\n", + "at no load= 2777.98239276 N-m\n", + "at pf=0.8= 479.428286357 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 229 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.49, Page Number:1468" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=6.6#kW\n", + "load1=3000#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "xa=complex(0.5,10)\n", + "xb=complex(0.4,12)\n", + "i0=150#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "v=complex(load*1000/3**0.5,0)\n", + "cosphi1=1500*1000/(load*1000*i0*3**0.5)\n", + "phi1=math.acos(cosphi1)\n", + "sinphi1=math.sin(phi1)\n", + "i=328*complex(pf,-math.sin(math.acos(pf)))\n", + "i1=i0*complex(cosphi1,-sinphi1)\n", + "i2=i-i1\n", + "coshi2=i2.real/181\n", + "ea=v+i1*xa\n", + "eal=3**0.5*abs(ea)\n", + "eb=v+i2*xb\n", + "ebl=3**0.5*abs(eb)\n", + "alpha1=(ea.imag/ea.real)\n", + "alpha2=(eb.imag/eb.real)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Ea=\",ea,\"V\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha1=\",math.degrees(alpha1),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"alpha2=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Ea= (4602.91884998+1275.81974829j) V\n", + "Eb= (5352.42648271+1524.56032028j) V\n", + "alpha1= 15.8810288383 degrees\n", + "alpha2= 16.3198639435 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 245 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.50, Page Number:1468" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declration\n", + "e1=complex(230,0)\n", + "e2=230*complex(0.985,0.174)\n", + "z1=complex(0,2)\n", + "z2=complex(0,3)\n", + "z=6\n", + "i1=((e1-e2)*z+e1*z2)/(z*(z1+z2)+z1*z2)\n", + "i2=((e2-e1)*z+e2*z1)/(z*(z1+z2)+z1*z2)\n", + "i=i1+i2\n", + "v=i*z\n", + "p1=abs(v)*abs(i1)*math.cos(math.atan(i1.imag/i1.real))\n", + "p2=abs(v)*abs(i2)*math.cos(math.atan(i2.imag/i2.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"terminal voltage=\",v,\"V\"\n", + "print \"current\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power 1=\",p1,\"W\"\n", + "print \"power 2=\",p2,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "terminal voltage= (222.905384615-28.5730769231j) V\n", + "current (37.1508974359-4.76217948718j) A\n", + "power 1= 3210.60292765 W\n", + "power 2= 5138.29001053 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 249 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.51, Page Number:1471" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=1500#kW\n", + "v=11#KV\n", + "pf=0.867\n", + "x=50#ohm\n", + "r=4#ohm\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=load*1000/(3**0.5*v*1000*pf)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(phi)\n", + "iwatt=il*pf\n", + "iwattless=il*sinphi\n", + "i1=il/2\n", + "i2=iwatt/2\n", + "iw1=(i**2-i1**2)**0.5\n", + "iw2=i2-iw1\n", + "ia=(i2**2+iw2**2)**0.5\n", + "vt=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "ir=i*r\n", + "ix=x*i\n", + "cosphi=i2/i\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(cosphi))\n", + "e=((vt*cosphi+ir)**2+(vt*sinphi+ix)**2)**0.5\n", + "el=3**0.5*e\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"line voltage=\",el,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 43.4628778514 A\n", + "line voltage= 14304.0798593 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.52, Page Number:1472" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10#MW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "output=6000#kW\n", + "pfa=0.92\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "phia=math.acos(pfa)\n", + "tanphi=math.tan(phi)\n", + "tanphia=math.tan(phia)\n", + "loadkvar=load*1000*tanphi\n", + "akvar=output*tanphia\n", + "kwb=(load*1000-output)\n", + "kvarb=loadkvar-akvar\n", + "kvab=complex(kwb,kvarb)\n", + "pfb=math.cos(math.atan(kvab.imag/kvab.real))\n", + "kvarb=kwb*pfb\n", + "kvara=-loadkvar-kvarb\n", + "kvaa=complex(output,kvara)\n", + "pfa=math.cos(math.atan(kvaa.imag/kvaa.real))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new pfb=\",pfb\n", + "print \"new pfa=\",pfa" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new pfb= 0.628980253433\n", + "new pfa= 0.513894032194\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 253 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.54, Page Number:1473" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "load=1000#KVA\n", + "x=20#%\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "i=87.5\n", + "x=8.7\n", + "vp=3810\n", + "e0=4311\n", + "ir=70\n", + "ix=52.5\n", + "IX=762\n", + "vb1=(e0**2-vp**2)**0.5\n", + "i1x=vb1\n", + "i1=i1x/x\n", + "output=3**0.5*v*i1/1000\n", + "b2v=(vp**2+e0**2)**0.5\n", + "i2z=b2v\n", + "i2=b2v/x\n", + "i2rx=e0\n", + "i2r=i2rx/x\n", + "i2x=vp/x\n", + "tanphi2=i2x/i2r\n", + "phi2=math.atan(tanphi2)\n", + "cosphi2=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "output1=3**0.5*v*i2*cosphi2/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power output at unity pf=\",output,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"max power output=\",output1,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " power output at unity pf= 2650.38477722 kW\n", + "max power output= 5664.52285143 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 255 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.55, Page Number:1474" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=10.0#ohm\n", + "i=220.0#A\n", + "load=11.0#kV\n", + "per=25.0#%\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "oa1=load*1000/3**0.5\n", + "a1c1=i*x\n", + "e0=(oa1**2+a1c1**2)**0.5\n", + "emf=(1+per/100)*e0\n", + "a1a2=(emf**2-a1c1**2)**0.5-oa1\n", + "ix=a1a2/x\n", + "i1=(i**2+ix**2)**0.5\n", + "pf=i/i1\n", + "bv=(oa1**2+emf**2)**0.5\n", + "imax=bv/x\n", + "ir=emf/x\n", + "ix=oa1/x\n", + "pfmax=ir/imax\n", + "output=3**0.5*load*1000*imax*pfmax*0.001\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new current=\",i1,\"A\"\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"max power output=\",output,\"kW\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new current= 281.573453399 A\n", + "new power factor= 0.781323655849\n", + "max power output= 16006.7954319 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 258 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.56, Page Number:1475" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=20.0#MVA\n", + "load1=35.0#MVA\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "output=25.0#MVA\n", + "cosphi1=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "loadmw=load1*pf\n", + "loadmvar=load1*0.6\n", + "sinphi=math.sin(math.acos(cosphi))\n", + "mva1=25\n", + "mw1=mva1*cosphi1\n", + "mvar1=25*sinphi1\n", + "mw2=loadmw-mw1\n", + "mvar2=loadmvar-mvar1\n", + "mva2=(mw2**2+mvar2**2)**0.5\n", + "cosphi2=mw2/mva2\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"output=\",mva2\n", + "print \"pf=\",cosphi2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "output= 10.4509862952\n", + "pf= 0.52626611926\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 260 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.57, Page Number:1475" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declarations\n", + "load=600#KW\n", + "loadm=707#kW\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "output=900#kW\n", + "pf1=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kva=1000\n", + "kvar=kva*(1-pf1**2)**0.5\n", + "active_p=1307-output\n", + "reactive_p=loadm-kvar\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"active power shared by second machine=\",active_p,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"reactive power shared by second machine=\",reactive_p,\"kVAR\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "active power shared by second machine= 407 kW\n", + "reactive power shared by second machine= 271.110105646 kVAR\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.58, Page Number:1476" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "l1=500#kW\n", + "l2=1000#kW\n", + "pf1=0.9\n", + "l3=800#kW\n", + "pf2=0.8\n", + "l4=500#kW\n", + "pf3=0.9\n", + "output=1500#kW\n", + "pf=0.95\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "kw1=l1\n", + "kw2=l2\n", + "kw3=l3\n", + "kw4=500\n", + "kvar2=kw2*0.436/pf1\n", + "kvar3=kw3*0.6/pf2\n", + "kvar4=kw4*0.436/pf3\n", + "kvar=output/pf\n", + "kw=kw1+kw2+kw3+kw4-output\n", + "kvar=kvar2+kvar3+kvar4-kvar\n", + "cosphi=math.cos(math.atan(kvar/kw))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kW output=\",kw\n", + "print \"pf=\",cosphi" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kW output= 1300\n", + "pf= 0.981685651341\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 264 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.59, Page Number:1476" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=complex(0.2,2)\n", + "ze=complex(3,4)\n", + "emf1=complex(2000,0)\n", + "emf2=complex(22000,100)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=complex(68.2,-102.5)\n", + "i2=complex(127,-196.4)\n", + "i=i1+i2\n", + "v=i*ze\n", + "pva1=v*i1\n", + "kw1=pva1.real*3\n", + "a11=math.atan(-i1.imag/i1.real)\n", + "a12=math.atan(-v.imag/v.real)\n", + "pf1=math.cos(a11-a12)\n", + "pva2=v*i2\n", + "kw2=pva2.real*3\n", + "a21=math.atan(-i2.imag/i2.real)\n", + "a22=math.atan(-v.imag/v.real)\n", + "pf2=math.cos(a21-a22)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"kw output 1=\",kw1/1000\n", + "print \"pf 1=\",pf1\n", + "print \"kw output 2=\",kw2/1000\n", + "print \"pf 2=\",pf2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "kw output 1= 328.79427\n", + "pf 1= 0.606839673468\n", + "kw output 2= 610.34892\n", + "pf 2= 0.596381892841\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 273 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.63, Page Number:1481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=5000#KVA\n", + "v=10000#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "ns=1500#rpm\n", + "j=1.5*10**4#khm2\n", + "ratio=5\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "t=0.0083*ns*(j/(load*ratio*f))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"natural time period of oscillation=\",round(t,3),\"s\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "natural time period of oscillation= 1.364 s\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 275 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.64, Page Number:1481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10000#KVA\n", + "p=4\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "xs=25#%\n", + "pf=1.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ratio=100/xs\n", + "ns=120*f/p\n", + "j=(pf/(0.0083*ns))**2*load*ratio*f\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"moment of inertia=\",j/1000,\"x10^4 kg-m2\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "moment of inertia= 29.0317898098 x10^4 kg-m2\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 277 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.65, Page Number:1481" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=10.0#MVA\n", + "v=10.0#kV\n", + "f=50.0#Hz\n", + "ns=1500.0#rpm\n", + "j=2.0*10**5#kgm2\n", + "x=40.0\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ratio=100.0/x\n", + "t=0.0083*ns*(j/(load*1000*ratio*f))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"frequency of oscillation of the rotor=\",round(1/t,1),\"Hz\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "frequency of oscillation of the rotor= 0.2 Hz\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 283 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.66, Page Number:1483" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=11#kV\n", + "z=complex(1,10)\n", + "emf=14#kV\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=emf*1000/3**0.5\n", + "v=v*1000/3**0.5\n", + "costheta=z.real/abs(z)\n", + "pmax=e*v*3/(z.imag*1000)\n", + "pmax_per_phase=(v/abs(z))*(e-(v/abs(z)))*3\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"max output =\",pmax_per_phase/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "max output = 14125.5529273 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 285 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 37.67, Page Number:1484" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=11#kVA\n", + "load1=10#MW\n", + "z=complex(0.8,8.0)\n", + "v=14#kV\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pmax=(load*1000/3**0.5)*(v*1000/3**0.5)*3/z.imag\n", + "imax=((v*1000/3**0.5)**2+(load*1000/3**0.5)**2)**0.5/z.imag\n", + "pf=(v/3**0.5)*1000/((v*1000/3**0.5)**2+(load*1000/3**0.5)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum output=\",pmax/1000000,\"MW\"\n", + "print \"current=\",imax,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum output= 19.25 MW\n", + "current= 1284.92866209 A\n", + "pf= 0.786318338822\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 289 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter38_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter38_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eb91f537 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter38_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1682 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:a6bbecd88376ba06b11df7bbad39447a579ab954844d7c4715263117b7255967" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 38: Synchronous Motor" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.1, Page Number:1495" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=75#kW\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "loss=0.95\n", + "xs=2.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ns=120*f/4\n", + "pm=p*1000/loss\n", + "ia=pm/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "vol_phase=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "mechanical power= 78947.3684211 W\n", + "armature current= 129.489444346 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.2, Page Number:1498" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import cmath\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "p=20\n", + "vl=693#V\n", + "r=10#ohm\n", + "lag=0.5#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#lag=0.5\n", + "alpha=p*lag/2\n", + "eb=vp=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "er=complex(vp-eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha)),eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha)))\n", + "zs=complex(0,10)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "power_input=3*vp*abs(ia)*math.cos(math.radians(cmath.phase(ia)))\n", + "print \"displacement:0.5%\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",alpha,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"armature emf/phase=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"armature current/phase=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power drawn=\",power_input,\"W\"\n", + "print \"\"\n", + "\n", + "#lag=5\n", + "lag=5\n", + "alpha=p*lag/2\n", + "eb=vp=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "er=complex(vp-eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha)),eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha)))\n", + "zs=complex(0,10)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "power_input=3*vp*abs(ia)*math.cos(math.radians(cmath.phase(ia)))\n", + "\n", + "print \"displacement:5%\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",alpha,\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"armature emf/phase=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"armature current/phase=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power drawn=\",power_input,\"W\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "displacement:0.5%\n", + "alpha= 5.0 degrees\n", + "armature emf/phase= 400.103736548 V\n", + "armature current/phase= (3.4871338335-0.152251551219j) A\n", + "power drawn= 4189.63221768 W\n", + "\n", + "displacement:5%\n", + "alpha= 50 degrees\n", + "armature emf/phase= 400.103736548 V\n", + "armature current/phase= (30.6497244054-14.2922012106j) A\n", + "power drawn= 40591.222447 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.3, Page Number:1499" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400.0#V/ph\n", + "i=32.0#A/ph\n", + "xs=10.0#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=math.sqrt(v**2+(i*xs)**2)\n", + "delta=math.atan((i*xs)/v)\n", + "power=3*v*i\n", + "power_other=3*(v*e/10)*math.sin(delta)*0.001\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"E=\",e,\"V\"\n", + "print \"delta=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n", + "\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "E= 512.249938995 V\n", + "delta= 38.6598082541 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.4, Page Number:1506" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "w=150#kW\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "v=2300#V\n", + "n=1000#rpm\n", + "xd=32#ohm\n", + "xq=20#ohm\n", + "alpha=16#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=2*vp\n", + "ex_power=eb*vp*math.sin(math.radians(alpha))/xd\n", + "rel_power=(vp**2*(xd-xq)*math.sin(math.radians(2*alpha)))/(2*xd*xq)\n", + "pm=3*(ex_power+rel_power)\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "torque= 1121.29686485 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.6, Page Number:1506" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=11000#V\n", + "ia=60#A\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "x=30#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p2=math.sqrt(3)*v*ia*pf\n", + "cu_loss=ia**2*3\n", + "pm=p2-cu_loss\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "z_drop=ia*zs\n", + "eb=math.sqrt((vp**2+z_drop**2-(2*vp*z_drop*math.cos(theta+phi))))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power supplied=\",p2/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm/1000,\"KW\"\n", + "print \"induced emf=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "\n", + " " + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power supplied= 914.522826396 kW\n", + "mechanical power= 903.722826396 KW\n", + "induced emf= 13039.2734763 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.7, Page Number:1507" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "i=32#A\n", + "pf=1\n", + "xd=10#ohm\n", + "xq=6.5#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e=math.sqrt(v**2+(i*xq)**2)+((xd-xq)*14.8)\n", + "delta=math.atan((i*xq)/v)\n", + "power=3*v*i\n", + "power_other=3*(v*e/10)*math.sin(delta)*0.001\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"E=\",e,\"V\"\n", + "print \"delta=\",math.degrees(delta),\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "E= 502.648089715 V\n", + "delta= 27.4744316263 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 60 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.8, Page Number:1508" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=500#V\n", + "output=7.46#kW\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "r=0.8#ohm\n", + "loss=500#W\n", + "ex_loss=800#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pm=output*1000+loss+ex_loss\n", + "ia=(v*pf-math.sqrt(v**2*pf**2-4*r*pm))/(2*r)\n", + "m_input=loss*ia*pf\n", + "efficiency=output*1000/m_input\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"commercial efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "commercial efficiency= 82.1029269497 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.9, Page Number:1509" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2300#V\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "x=2.2#ohm\n", + "pf=0.5\n", + "il=200#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x//r)\n", + "v=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi+theta)))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb,\"volt/phase\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Eb= 1708.04482042 volt/phase\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.10, Page Number:1509" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "vl=6600#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "il=50#A\n", + "r=1#ohm\n", + "x=20#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#0.8 lagging\n", + "power_i=math.sqrt(3)*v*f*pf\n", + "v=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(x**2+r**2)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi-theta)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "print \"0.8 lag: Eb=\",eb\n", + "\n", + "#0.8 leading\n", + "power_i=math.sqrt(3)*v*f*pf\n", + "v=vl/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(x**2+r**2)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(il*zs)**2-(2*v*il*zs*math.cos(phi+theta)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "\n", + "print \"0.8 leading:Eb=\",eb" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "0.8 lag: Eb= 5651.1180113\n", + "0.8 leading:Eb= 7705.24623679\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.11, Page Number:1510" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "x=0.4\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "v=100#V\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#pf=1\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2)\n", + "#pf=0.8 lag\n", + "eb2=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2-(2*v*x*v*math.cos(math.radians(90)-phi)))\n", + "#pf=0.8 lead\n", + "eb3=math.sqrt(v**2+(x*v)**2-(2*v*x*v*math.cos(math.radians(90)+phi)))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"pf=1: Eb=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"pf=0.8 lag:Eb=\",eb2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"pf=0.8 lead:Eb=\",eb3,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf=1: Eb= 107.703296143 V\n", + "pf=0.8 lag:Eb= 82.4621125124 V\n", + "pf=0.8 lead:Eb= 128.062484749 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.12, Page Number:1510" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaraion\n", + "load=1000#kVA\n", + "v=11000#V\n", + "r=3.5#ohm\n", + "x=40#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=load*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "ra=ia*r\n", + "xa=ia*x\n", + "za=math.sqrt(ra**2+xa**2)\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "\n", + "#pf=1\n", + "eb1=math.sqrt(vp**2+za**2-(2*vp*za*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "alpha1=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta)/eb1)\n", + "\n", + "#pf=0.8 lag\n", + "eb2=math.sqrt(vp**2+xa**2-(2*vp*xa*math.cos(theta-phi)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha2=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta-phi)/eb2)\n", + "#pf=1\n", + "eb3=math.sqrt(vp**2+xa**2-(2*vp*xa*math.cos(theta+phi)))*math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha3=math.asin(xa*math.sin(theta+phi)/eb3)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"at pf=1\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb1*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha1),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"at pf=0.8 lagging\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb2,\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"at pf=0.8 leading\"\n", + "print \"Eb=\",eb3,\"V\"\n", + "print \"alpha=\",math.degrees(alpha3),\"degrees\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "at pf=1\n", + "Eb= 11283.8105339 V\n", + "alpha= 18.7256601694 degrees\n", + "at pf=0.8 lagging\n", + "Eb= 8990.39249633 V\n", + "alpha= 10.0142654731 degrees\n", + "at pf=0.8 leading\n", + "Eb= 13283.8907748 V\n", + "alpha= 7.71356041367 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 56 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.14, Page Number:1513" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=complex(0.5,0.866)\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "output=6000#W\n", + "loss=500#W\n", + "i=50#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "cu_loss=i**2*z.real\n", + "motor_intake=output+loss+cu_loss\n", + "phi=math.acos(motor_intake/(v*i))\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "zs=abs(z)*i\n", + "eb1=math.sqrt(v**2+zs**2-(2*v*zs*math.cos(math.radians(60)-phi)))\n", + "eb2=math.sqrt(v**2+zs**2-(2*v*zs*math.cos(math.radians(60)+phi)))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"lag:eb=\",eb1,\"V\"\n", + "print \"lag:eb=\",eb2,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "lag:eb= 154.286783862 V\n", + "lag:eb= 213.765547573 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 65 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.15, Page Number:1513" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=2200#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "z=complex(0.4,6)\n", + "lag=3#degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha=lag*8/2\n", + "er=math.sqrt(eb**2+eb**2-(2*eb*eb*(math.cos(math.radians(alpha)))))\n", + "zs=abs(z)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "phi=theta-(math.asin(eb*math.sin(math.radians(alpha))/er))\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "total_input=3*eb*ia*pf\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*z.real\n", + "pm=total_input-cu_loss\n", + "pm_max=(eb*eb/zs)-(eb**2*z.real/(zs**2))\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"power of the motor=\",pm/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"max power of motor=\",pm_max/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 44.1583059199 A\n", + "power factor= 0.99927231631\n", + "power of the motor= 165.803353329 kW\n", + "max power of motor= 250.446734776 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 72 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.16, Page Number:1514" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "eb=250#V\n", + "lead=150#degrees\n", + "v=200#V\n", + "x=2.5#times resistance\n", + "alpha=lead/3\n", + "#calculations\n", + "er=math.sqrt(v**2+eb**2-(2*v*eb*math.cos(math.radians(alpha))))\n", + "theta=math.atan(x)\n", + "phi=math.radians(90)-theta\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"pf at which the motor is operating=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "pf at which the motor is operating= 0.928476690885\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 73 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.17, Page Number:1514" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "r=10#ohm\n", + "inpt=900#kW\n", + "e=8900#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "icos=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "bc=r*icos\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-bc**2)\n", + "oc=ac-vp\n", + "phi=math.atan(oc/bc)\n", + "i=icos/math.cos(phi)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Line current=\",i,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Line current= 149.188331836 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 82 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.18, Page Number:1515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600#V\n", + "x=20#ohm\n", + "inpt=1000#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "inpt2=1500#kW\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "va=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ia1=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "ia1zs=ia1*zs\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(va**2+ia1zs**2-(2*va*ia1zs*math.cos(math.radians(90)+phi)))\n", + "ia2cosphi2=inpt2*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "cosphi2=x*ia2cosphi2\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-cosphi2*2)\n", + "phi2=math.atan(ac/cosphi2)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "alpha2=math.atan(cosphi2/ac)\n", + "\n", + "#results\n", + "print \"new power angle=\",math.degrees(alpha2),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new power angle= 25.8661450552 degrees\n", + "new power factor= 0.436270181217\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 97 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.19, Page Number:1515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "inpt=5472#W\n", + "x=10#ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "va=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "iacosphi=inpt/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "iazs=iacosphi*zs\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(va**2-iazs**2)\n", + "oc=va-ac\n", + "bc=iazs\n", + "phi=math.atan(oc/iazs)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "ia=iacosphi/pf\n", + "alpha=math.atan(bc/ac)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"load angle=\",math.degrees(alpha),\"degrees\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "load angle= 19.9987718079 degrees\n", + "power factor= 0.984809614116\n", + "armature current= 8.01997824686 A\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.20, Page Number:1515" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "import scipy\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "i2=Symbol('i2')\n", + "v=2000.0#V\n", + "r=0.2#ohm\n", + "xs=2.2#ohm\n", + "inpt=800.0#kW\n", + "e=2500.0#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "i1=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ep=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", + "i2=solve(((i1*xs+r*i2)**2+(vp+i1*r-xs*i2)**2)-ep**2,i2)\n", + "i=math.sqrt(i1**2+i2[0]**2)\n", + "pf=i1/i\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"line currrent=\",i,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "line currrent= 241.492937915 A\n", + "power factor= 0.956301702525\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 152 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.21, Page Number:1516" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=440#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "inpt=7.46#kW\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "pf=0.75\n", + "loss=500#W\n", + "ex_loss=650#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", + "power=inpt*1000+ex_loss\n", + "output=inpt*1000-cu_loss-loss\n", + "efficiency=output/power\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"armature current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power=\",power,\"W\"\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "armature current= 13.0516151762 A\n", + "power= 8110.0 W\n", + "efficiency= 82.6693343026 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 156 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.22, Page Number:1517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "x=18#ohm\n", + "pf=0.707\n", + "inpt=800#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "ip=ia/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "iazs=ip*zs\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.radians(90)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(v**2+iazs**2-(2*v*iazs*(-1)*pf))\n", + "alpha=math.asin(iazs*math.sin(theta+phi)/eb)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"excitation emf=\",eb,\"V\"\n", + "print \"rotor angle=\",math.degrees(alpha),\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "excitation emf= 4972.19098879 V\n", + "rotor angle= 17.0098509277 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 157 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.23, Page Number:1517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "inpt=75#kW\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "r=0.04#ohm\n", + "x=0.4#ohm\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "efficiency=0.925\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", + "ia=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", + "iazs=ia*zs\n", + "phi=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "theta=math.radians(90)-phi\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", + "ns=120*50/40\n", + "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"emf=\",eb,\"eb\"\n", + "print \"mechanical power=\",pm,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "emf= 235.683320812 eb\n", + "mechanical power= 79437.5456538 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 158 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.24, Page Number:1517" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "r=0.5#ohm\n", + "zs=x=4#ohm\n", + "i=15#A\n", + "i2=60#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "iazs=i*zs\n", + "xs=math.sqrt(x**2-r**2)\n", + "theta=math.atan(xs/r)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "iazs2=i2*zs\n", + "phi=theta-math.acos(vp**2-vp**2+iazs2**2/(2*vp*iazs2))\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "input_m=math.sqrt(3)*v*i2*pf\n", + "cu_loss=3*i2**2*r\n", + "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "ns=120*50/6\n", + "tg=9.55*pm/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"gross torque developed=\",tg,\"N-m\"\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "gross torque developed= 310.739709828 N-m\n", + "new power factor= 0.912650996943\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 161 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.25, Page Number:1518" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "inpt=7.46#kW\n", + "xs=10#W/phase\n", + "efficiency=0.85\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", + "il=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v)\n", + "zs=il*xs\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+zs**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"minimum current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"inducedemf=\",eb,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "minimum current= 12.6677441416 A\n", + "inducedemf= 263.401798584 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 164 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.26, Page Number:1518" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "f=50#Hz\n", + "inpt=37.5#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "zs=complex(0.2,1.6)\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "input_m=inpt/efficiency\n", + "ia=input_m*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "er=ia*abs(zs)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "theta=math.atan(zs.imag/zs.real)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+er**2-(2*vp*er*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "alpha=math.asin(math.sin(theta+phi)*er/eb)\n", + "pm=3*eb*vp*math.sin(alpha)/abs(zs)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"excitation emf=\",eb*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", + "print \"total mechanical power developed=\",pm,\"W\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "excitation emf= 495.407915636 V\n", + "total mechanical power developed= 44844.4875189 W\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 206 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.27, Page Number:1519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "import scipy\n", + "from sympy.solvers import solve\n", + "from sympy import Symbol\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=6600.0#V\n", + "xs=20.0#ohm\n", + "inpt=1000.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "inpt2=1500.0#kW\n", + "phi2=Symbol('phi2')\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "ia=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "theta=math.radians(90)\n", + "er=ia*xs\n", + "zs=xs\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+er**2-(2*vp*er*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "alpha=math.asin(inpt2*1000*zs/(3*eb*vp))\n", + "#vp/eb=cos(alpha+phi2)/cos(phi2)\n", + "#solving we get\n", + "phi2=math.radians(19.39)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"new power factor=\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "new power factor= 0.943280616635\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 228 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.28, Page Number:1519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "x=4#ohms/phase\n", + "r=0.5#ohms/phase\n", + "ia=60#A\n", + "pf=0.866\n", + "loss=2#kW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=abs(complex(r,x))\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "iazs=ia*zs\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+iazs**2-(2*vp*iazs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "pm_max=(eb*vp/zs)-(eb**2*r/zs**2)\n", + "pm=3*pm_max\n", + "output=pm-loss*1000\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum power output=\",output/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum power output= 51.3898913442 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 229 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.29, Page Number:1519" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "z=10#ohm\n", + "x=0.5#ohm\n", + "v=2000#V\n", + "f=25#Hz\n", + "eb=1600#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "pf=x/z\n", + "pm_max=(eb*v/z)-(eb**2*pf/zs)\n", + "ns=120*f/6\n", + "tg_max=9.55*pm_max/ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum total torque=\",tg_max,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum total torque= 5505.51976175 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 231 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.30, Page Number:1520" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variabke declaration\n", + "v=2000#V\n", + "n=1500#rpm\n", + "x=3#ohm/phase\n", + "ia=200#A\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "eb=vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=ia*x\n", + "sinphi=(eb**2-vp**2-zs**2)/(2*zs*vp)\n", + "phi=math.asin(sinphi)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi)\n", + "pi=math.sqrt(3)*v*ia*pf/1000\n", + "tg=9.55*pi*1000/n\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power input=\",pi,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"torque=\",tg,\"N-m\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power input= 669.029147347 kW\n", + "power factor= 0.965660395791\n", + "torque= 4259.48557144 N-m\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 234 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.31, Page Number:1520" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=3300#V\n", + "r=2#ohm\n", + "x=18#ohm\n", + "e=3800#V\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "theta=math.atan(x/r)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "eb=e/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "alpha=theta\n", + "er=math.sqrt(vp**2+eb**2-(2*vp*eb*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "zs=math.sqrt(r**2+x**2)\n", + "ia=er/zs\n", + "pm_max=((eb*vp/zs)-(eb**2*r/zs**2))*3\n", + "cu_loss=3*ia**2*r\n", + "input_m=pm_max+cu_loss\n", + "pf=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*v*ia)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"maximum total mechanical power=\",pm_max,\"W\"\n", + "print \"current=\",ia,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "maximum total mechanical power= 604356.888001 W\n", + "current= 151.417346198 A\n", + "pf= 0.857248980398\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 235 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.32, Page Number:1521" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=415#V\n", + "e=520#V\n", + "z=complex(0.5,4)\n", + "loss=1000#W\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "er=math.sqrt(v**2+e**2-(2*v*e*math.cos(theta)))\n", + "zs=abs(z)\n", + "i=er/zs\n", + "il=math.sqrt(3)*i\n", + "pm_max=((e*v/zs)-(e**2*z.real/zs**2))*3\n", + "output=pm_max-loss\n", + "cu_loss=3*i**2*z.real\n", + "input_m=pm_max+cu_loss\n", + "pf=input_m/(math.sqrt(3)*il*v)\n", + "efficiency=output/input_m\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"power output=\",output/1000,\"kW\"\n", + "print \"line current=\",il,\"A\"\n", + "print \"power factor=\",pf\n", + "print \"efficiency=\",efficiency*100,\"%\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "power output= 134.640174346 kW\n", + "line current= 268.015478962 A\n", + "power factor= 0.890508620247\n", + "efficiency= 78.4816159071 %\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 240 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.33, Page Number:1524" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "v=400#V\n", + "inpt=37.3#kW\n", + "efficiency=0.88\n", + "z=complex(0.2,1.6)\n", + "pf=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=abs(z)\n", + "il=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*efficiency*pf)\n", + "izs=zs*il\n", + "theta=math.atan(z.imag/z.real)\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+izs**2-(2*vp*izs*math.cos(theta+phi)))\n", + "input_m=inpt*1000/efficiency\n", + "cu_loss=3*il**2*z.real\n", + "pm=input_m-cu_loss\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"induced emf=\",eb*math.sqrt(3),\"V\"\n", + "print \"total mechanical power=\",pm/1000,\"kW\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "induced emf= 494.75258624 V\n", + "total mechanical power= 39.6138268735 kW\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 243 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.34, Page Number:1525" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "inpt=48#kW\n", + "v=693#V\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "ratio=0.3\n", + "x=2#W/phase\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "il=inpt*1000/(math.sqrt(3)*v*pf)\n", + "vp=v/math.sqrt(3)\n", + "zs=x\n", + "izs=zs*il\n", + "theta=math.atan(float(\"inf\"))\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf)\n", + "eb=math.sqrt(vp**2+izs**2-(2*vp*izs*math.cos(theta-phi)))\n", + "i_cosphi=pf*il\n", + "bc=i_cosphi*x\n", + "eb=eb+(ratio*eb)\n", + "ac=math.sqrt(eb**2-bc**2)\n", + "oc=ac-vp\n", + "phi2=math.atan(oc/bc)\n", + "pf=math.cos(phi2)\n", + "i2=i_cosphi/pf\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"current=\",i2,\"A\"\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "current= 46.3871111945 A\n", + "pf= 0.862084919821\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 251 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 38.35, Page Number:1526" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "load=60.0#kW\n", + "inpt=240.0#kW\n", + "pf=0.8\n", + "pf2=0.9\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "total_load=inpt+load\n", + "phi=math.acos(pf2)\n", + "kVAR=total_load*math.tan(phi)\n", + "#factory load\n", + "phil=math.acos(pf)\n", + "kVAR=inpt*math.tan(phil)\n", + "kVA=inpt/pf\n", + "kVAR1=total_load*math.sin(phil)\n", + "lead_kVAR=kVAR1-kVAR\n", + "#synchronous motor\n", + "phim=math.atan(lead_kVAR/load)\n", + "motorpf=math.cos(phim)\n", + "motorkVA=math.sqrt(load**2+lead_kVAR**2)\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"leading kVAR supplied by the motor=\",motorkVA\n", + "print \"pf=\",pf" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "leading kVAR supplied by the motor= 60.0\n", + "pf= 0.8\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 253 + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [] + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter39_1.ipynb b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter39_1.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e889465f --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/chapter39_1.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:c262c33cbbcf1d1756b9358f8cf1d8ed92f53825858905e2598fd8e15870c7ca" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 39: Special Machines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.1, Page Number:1537" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable description\n", + "p=8.0 #number of poles\n", + "tp=5.0 #number of teeth for each pole\n", + "nr=50.0 #number of rotor teeth\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "ns=p*tp #number of stator teeth\n", + "B=((nr-ns)*360)/(nr*ns) #stepping angle\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"stepping angle is \",B,\"degrees\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "stepping angle is 1.8 degrees\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.2, Page Number:1537" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=2.5\n", + "rn=25\n", + "f=3600\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "r=360/B\n", + "s=r*rn\n", + "n=(B*f)/360\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Resolution =\",int(r),\"steps/revolution\"\n", + "print \" Number of steps required for the shaft to make 25 revolutions =\",int(s)\n", + "print \" Shaft speed\", int(n),\"rps\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " Resolution = 144 steps/revolution\n", + "Number of steps required for the shaft to make 25 revolutions = 3600\n", + "Shaft speed 25 rps\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.3, Page Number:1544" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=15 #stepping angle\n", + "pn=3 #number of phases\n", + "nr=360/(pn*B) #number of rotor teeth\n", + "\n", + "#number of stator teeth\n", + "ns1=((360*nr)/(360-(nr*B))) #ns>nr\n", + "ns2=((360*nr)/(360+(nr*B))) #nr>ns\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"When ns>nr: ns= \",ns1\n", + "print \"When nr>ns: ns= \",ns2" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "When ns>nr: ns= 12\n", + "When nr>ns: ns= 6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 40 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.4, Page Number:1545" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "#variable declaration\n", + "B=1.8\n", + "pn=4\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "nr=360/(pn*B) #number of rotor teeth\n", + "ns=nr\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"Number of rotor teeth = \",int(nr)\n", + "print \"Number of statot teeth = \",int(ns)" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Number of rotor teeth = 50.0\n", + "Number of statot teeth = 50.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example Number 39.5, Page Number:1555" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#variable declaration\n", + "er=20\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=40\n", + "e2=er*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n", + "e1=er*math.cos(math.radians(a-120))\n", + "e3=er*math.cos(math.radians(a+120))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"a) For a=40 degrees\"\n", + "print \" e2s=\" ,e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e1s=\" ,e1,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e3s=\" ,e3,\"V\"\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=(-40)\n", + "e2=er*math.cos(math.radians(a))\n", + "e1=er*math.cos(math.radians(a-120))\n", + "e3=er*math.cos(math.radians(a+120))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"b) For a=-40 degrees\"\n", + "print \" e2s=\" ,e2,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e1s=\" ,e1,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e3s=\" ,e3,\"V\"\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "a=30\n", + "e12=math.sqrt(3)*er*math.cos(math.radians(a-150))\n", + "e23=math.sqrt(3)*er*math.cos(math.radians(a-30))\n", + "e31=math.sqrt(3)*er*math.cos(math.radians(a+90))\n", + "\n", + "#result\n", + "print \"c) For a=30 degrees\"\n", + "print \" e12=\" ,e12,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e23=\" ,e23,\"V\"\n", + "print \" e31=\" ,e31,\"V\"" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "a) For a=40 degrees\n", + " e2s= 15.3208888624 V\n", + " e1s= 3.47296355334 V\n", + " e3s= -18.7938524157 V\n", + "b) For a=-40 degrees\n", + " e2s= 15.3208888624 V\n", + " e1s= -18.7938524157 V\n", + " e3s= 3.47296355334 V\n", + "c) For a=30 degrees\n", + " e12= -17.3205080757 V\n", + " e23= 34.6410161514 V\n", + " e31= -17.3205080757 V\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 41 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example32_1.png b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example32_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..0c99fa16 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example32_1.png diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example33_1.png b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example33_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..3db6b46d --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter29example33_1.png diff --git a/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter32example30_1.png b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter32example30_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..1e7a1724 --- /dev/null +++ b/A_Textbook_of_Electrical_Technology_:_AC_and_DC_Machines_(Volume_-_2)_by_A._K._Theraja_B.L_Thereja/screenshots/chapter32example30_1.png diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter2_3.ipynb b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter2_3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..64b27332 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter2_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,755 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 2 : Units and Measurement"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.1 , page : 19"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) One degree = 0.017453292519943295 rad\n",
+ "(b) One minute = 0.0002908882086657216 rad\n",
+ "(c) One second = 4.84813681109536e-06 rad\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "three_sixty_degree=2*math.pi\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Since 360° = 2π rad \n",
+ "one_degree=three_sixty_degree/360\n",
+ "# Since 1° = 60′ \n",
+ "one_minute=one_degree/60\n",
+ "# Since 1′ = 60″\n",
+ "one_second=one_minute/60\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) One degree =\",one_degree,\"rad\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) One minute =\",one_minute,\"rad\")\n",
+ "print(\"(c) One second =\",one_second,\"rad\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.2 , page : 19"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The distance of the tower C from his original position A = 119.0 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ " \n",
+ "θ=40 # Parallax angle in degree\n",
+ "AB=100 # Distance between A and Bin m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# AB = AC tan θ \n",
+ "AC=AB/math.tan(math.radians(θ))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The distance of the tower C from his original position A =\",round(AC,0),\"m\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.3 , page : 19"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The distance of the moon from the Earth = 0.0003846385723759571 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Since, 1°54′ = 114′ \n",
+ "θ=114 # The angle θ subtended at the moon by the two directions of observation \n",
+ "b=1.276*10**7 # Diameter of the Earth\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "θ=114*60*4.85*10**6\n",
+ "D=b/θ # The earth-moon distance\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The distance of the moon from the Earth =\",D,\"m\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.4 , page : 19"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Sun's diameter = 1393075199.9999998 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "α=1920 # Sun's angular diameter in minutes\n",
+ "D=1.496*10**11 # The distance of the Sun from the Earth \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "α=1920*4.85*10**-6 # Sun's angular diameter in radians\n",
+ "d=α*D # Sun's diameter\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Sun's diameter =\",d,\"m\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.5 , page : 20"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Thus a nucleus in an atom is as small in size as the tip of a sharp pin placed at the centre of a sphere of radius about a metre long\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# The size of a nucleus is in the range of 10**-15 m and 10**-14 m.\n",
+ "# The tip of a sharp pin is taken to be in the range of 10**5 m and 10**4 m.\n",
+ "# Thus we are scaling up by a factor of 1010. An atom roughly of size 1010 m will be scaled up to a size of 1 m.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Thus a nucleus in an atom is as small in size as the tip of a sharp pin placed at the centre of a sphere of radius about a metre long\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.6 , page : 25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 6,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Clock 2 is to be preferred to clock 1\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Calculations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# The range of variation over the seven days of observations is 162 s for clock 1, and 31 s for clock 2.\n",
+ "# The average reading of clock 1 is much closer to the standard time than the average reading of clock 2.\n",
+ "# The important point is that a clocks zero error is not as significant for precision work as its variation, because a zero-error can always be easily corrected.\n",
+ " \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Clock 2 is to be preferred to clock 1\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.7 , page : 25"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The absolute errors = [0.005999999999999783, 0.06400000000000006, 0.20400000000000018, 0.08599999999999985, 0.1759999999999997]\n",
+ "A more correct way will be to write, T = 2.6 ± 0.1 s \n",
+ "The relative error or the percentage error = 3.8461538461538463 ≈ 4 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "p=[2.63,2.56,2.42,2.71,2.80] # The readings of period of oscillation of a simple pendulum\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "T=sum(p)/len(p)\n",
+ "p[:] = [x - T for x in p]\n",
+ "q=[abs(x) for x in p]\n",
+ "DT=sum(q)/len(p)\n",
+ "δa=(round(DT,1)/round(T,1))*100\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The absolute errors =\",q)\n",
+ "print(\"A more correct way will be to write, T =\",round(T,1),\"±\", round(DT,1),\" s \")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The relative error or the percentage error =\",δa,\"≈ 4 %\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.8 , page : 26"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The temperature difference wth the error = 30 ° C ± 1.0 ° C\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "t1=20 # Temperature of first body in degree Celsius\n",
+ "Δt1=.5 # Error in temperature of first body degree Celsius\n",
+ "t2=50 # Temperature of second body degree Celsius\n",
+ "Δt2=.5 # Error in temperature of first body degree Celsius\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "t=t2 - t1\n",
+ "Δt=max((Δt1 + Δt2),(Δt1 - Δt2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The temperature difference wth the error =\",t,\"\\u00b0 C ±\",Δt,\"\\u00b0 C\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.9 , page : 27"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The total error in Resistance = 7 %\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ " \n",
+ "V=5 # The percentage error in voltage \n",
+ "I=2 # The percentage error in current\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R=V+I\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The total error in Resistance =\",R,\"%\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.10 , page : 27"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 10,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The equivalent resistance of the series combination = 300 ± 7 ohm\n",
+ "The equivalent resistance of the parallel combination = 66.7 ± 1.8 ohm\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R1=100 # Resistance of first resistor in ohm\n",
+ "ΔR1=3 # Error in Resistance of first resistor in ohm\n",
+ "R2=200 # Resistance of second resistor wth error term in ohm\n",
+ "ΔR2=4 # Error in Resistance of second resistor in ohm\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R=R1+R2\n",
+ "ΔR=ΔR1+ΔR2\n",
+ "R_prim=R1*R2/(R1+R2)\n",
+ "ΔR_prim=(R_prim/R1)**2*ΔR1 + (R_prim/R2)**2*ΔR2 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The equivalent resistance of the series combination =\",R,\"±\",ΔR,\"ohm\")\n",
+ "print(\"The equivalent resistance of the parallel combination =\",round(R_prim,1),\"±\",round(ΔR_prim,1),\"ohm\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.11 , page : 27"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 11,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The relative error in Z is ΔZ/Z = 4(ΔA/A)+(1/3)(ΔB/B)+(ΔC/C)+(3/2)(ΔD/D)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Since the relative error in a physical quantity raised to the power k is the k times the relative error in the individual quantity.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The relative error in Z is ΔZ/Z = 4(ΔA/A)+(1/3)(ΔB/B)+(ΔC/C)+(3/2)(ΔD/D)\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.12 , page : 27"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 12,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The percentage error in g = 2.7222222222222223 ≈ 3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "L=20 # Length in cm\n",
+ "ΔL=1 # Eror in lengthin mm\n",
+ "t=90 # Total time in s\n",
+ "Δt=1 # Error in time in s\n",
+ "n=100 # Number of oscillations\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum is, T = 2Π√(L/g)\n",
+ "# Hence, g = 4π²L/T²\n",
+ "\n",
+ "ΔL=ΔL*10**-1\n",
+ "T=n/t\n",
+ "ΔT_div_T=Δt/t # Error in T\n",
+ "Δg_div_g= (ΔL/L) + 2*(ΔT_div_T) # Error in g\n",
+ "per_g= 100*(ΔL/L) + 2*100*(ΔT_div_T ) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The percentage error in g =\",per_g,\"≈ 3\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.13 , page : 30"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 13,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Surface area of the cube = 311.3 m²\n",
+ "Volume of the cube = 373.7 m^3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "a=7.203 # Side of the cube in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "# The number of significant figures in the measured length is 4.\n",
+ "# Hence the calculated area and the volume should therefore be rounded off to 4 significant figures. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "SA=6*a**2 # Surface area of the cube\n",
+ "V=a**3 # Volume of the cube \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Surface area of the cube =\",round(SA,1),\"m²\")\n",
+ "print(\"Volume of the cube =\",round(V,1),\"m^3\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.14 , page : 30"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 14,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Density = 4.8 g/cm^3\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=5.74 # Mass of the substancein g\n",
+ "v=1.2 # Volume of the substance in cm^3\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# There are 3 significant figures in the measured mass whereas there are only 2 significant figures in the measured volume.\n",
+ "# Hence the density should be expressed to only 2 significant figures.\n",
+ "D=m/v\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Density =\",round(D,1),\"g/cm^3\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.15 , page : 33"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 15,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The dimensions of LHS are :[M][L T-1 ]² = [M][L² T-²] = [M L² T-²]\n",
+ "The dimensions of RHS are :[M][L T-²][L] = [M][L² T-²] = [M L² T-²]\n",
+ "The dimensions of LHS and RHS are the same and hence the equation is dimensionally correct\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Consider the equation (1/2)mv²=mgh\n",
+ "# where\n",
+ "# m : Mass of the body\n",
+ "# v : Velocity of the body\n",
+ "# g : Acceleration due to gravity \n",
+ "# h : Height\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The dimensions of LHS are :[M][L T-1 ]² = [M][L² T-²] = [M L² T-²]\")\n",
+ "print(\"The dimensions of RHS are :[M][L T-²][L] = [M][L² T-²] = [M L² T-²]\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The dimensions of LHS and RHS are the same and hence the equation is dimensionally correct\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.16 , page : 33"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The correct formula for kinetic energy is, K = (1/2)mv²\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Every correct formula or equation must have the same dimensions on both sides of the equation.\n",
+ "# Also, only quantities with the same physical dimensions can be added or subtracted.\n",
+ "# The dimensions of the quantity on the right side are \n",
+ "# [M² L^3 T^-3] for (a) \n",
+ "# [M L² T-²] for (b)and (d)\n",
+ "# [M L T-²] for (c)\n",
+ "# The quantity on the right side of (e) has no proper dimensions since two quantities of different dimensions have been added.\n",
+ "# Since the kinetic energy K has the dimensions of [M L2 T2], formulas (a), (c) and (e) are ruled out.\n",
+ "# Note that dimensional arguments cannot tell which of the two, (b) or (d), is the correct formula. \n",
+ "# For this, one must turn to the actual definition of kinetic energy.\n",
+ "# The correct formula for kinetic energy is given by (b). \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The correct formula for kinetic energy is, K = (1/2)mv²\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 2.17 , page : 33"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The expression for the time period of a simple pendulum is, T = 2π √(l/g)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# The dependence of time period T on the quantities l, g and m as a product may be written as :\n",
+ "# T = k l^x g^y m^z \n",
+ "# where k is dimensionless constant and x, y and z are the exponents. \n",
+ "# By considering dimensions on both sides, we have [L^0 M^0 T^1] = [L^1]^x [L^1 T^-2]^y [M^1]^z = L^(x+y) T^(-2y) M^z\n",
+ "# On equating the dimensions on both sides, we have: x + y = 0; 2y = 1; and z = 0\n",
+ "# So that x = (1/2); y = -(1/2) and z = 0\n",
+ "# T = k * l^(1/2) * g^-(1/2)\n",
+ "# In other word, T = k √(l/g)\n",
+ "# The value of constant k can not be obtained by the method of dimensions.\n",
+ "# Here it does not matter if some number multiplies the right side of this formula, because that does not affect its dimensions.\n",
+ "# Actually, k = 2π so that T = 2π √(l/g)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The expression for the time period of a simple pendulum is, T = 2π √(l/g)\")\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.4.3"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter3_3.ipynb b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter3_3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ad28279c --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter3_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,465 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 3 : Motion in a Straight Line"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 3.1 , page : 43"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a)\n",
+ "The average velocity of the car in going from O to P = 20.0 m/s\n",
+ "The average speed of the car in going from O to P = 20.0 m/s\n",
+ "(b)\n",
+ "The average velocity of the car in going from O to P and back to Q = 10.0 m/s\n",
+ "The average speed of the car in going from O to P and back to Q = 20.0 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "l1=360 # The distance from O to P in m\n",
+ "l2=120 # The distance from P to Q in m\n",
+ "t1=18 # The time taken to travel OP in s\n",
+ "t2=6 # The time taken to travel PQ in s\n",
+ "d1=360 # The displacement from O to P in m\n",
+ "d2=(l1-l2) # The displacement from P to Q in m\n",
+ "p1=360 # The total pathlength from O to P in m\n",
+ "p2=(l1+l2) # The total pathlength from O to P and p to Q in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "a_v1=d1/t1\n",
+ "a_s1=p1/t1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "a_v2=d2/(t1+t2)\n",
+ "a_s2=p2/(t1+t2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a)\")\n",
+ "print(\"The average velocity of the car in going from O to P =\",a_v1,\"m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"The average speed of the car in going from O to P =\",a_s1,\"m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b)\")\n",
+ "print(\"The average velocity of the car in going from O to P and back to Q =\",a_v2,\"m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"The average speed of the car in going from O to P and back to Q =\",a_s2,\"m/s\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 3.2 , page : 45"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The velocity at t = 0.0 s = 0 m/s\n",
+ "The velocity at t = 2.0 s = 10 m/s\n",
+ "The average velocity between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s = 15.0 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "import numpy as np\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ " \n",
+ "a=8.5 # Distance in m\n",
+ "b=2.5 # Acceleration in m/s²\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# In notation of differential calculus, the velocity is v = dx/dt = d (a+bt²)/dt = 2bt = 5.0t\n",
+ "\n",
+ "p0=np.polyval([0,5,0],0) # Velocity at t= 1.0 s\n",
+ "p2=np.polyval([0,5,0],2) # Velocity at t= 2.0 s\n",
+ "p4=np.polyval([0,5,0],4) # Velocity at t= 4.0 s\n",
+ "avg_v=(p2+p4)/2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The velocity at t = 0.0 s =\",p0,\"m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"The velocity at t = 2.0 s =\",p2,\"m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"The average velocity between t = 2.0 s and t = 4.0 s =\",avg_v,\"m/s\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 3.3 , page : 48 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The equations of motion for constant acceleration using method of calculus are as follows.\n",
+ "v = v_o + at\n",
+ "x = x_o + v_ot + (1/2)at²\n",
+ "v²= v²_o + 2a(x - x_o)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# By definition, a = dv/dt\n",
+ "# .i.e dv = adt\n",
+ "# Integrating on both sides we get, v - v_o = at or v = v_o + at\n",
+ "# Further we know that, v = dx/dt\n",
+ "# .i.e dx = vdt\n",
+ "# Integrating on both sides we get, x - x_o = v_ot + (1/2)at² or x = x_o + v_ot + (1/2)at² \n",
+ "# Now we can write, a = dv/dt = (dv/dx)(dx/dt) = v(dv/dx) \n",
+ "# .i.e. v dv = a dx\n",
+ "# Integrating on both sides we get, (v² - v²_o) = a(x - x_o) or v² = v²_o + 2a(x - x_o)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The equations of motion for constant acceleration using method of calculus are as follows.\")\n",
+ "print(\"v = v_o + at\")\n",
+ "print(\"x = x_o + v_ot + (1/2)at²\")\n",
+ "print(\"v²= v²_o + 2a(x - x_o)\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 3.4 , page : 48 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) The height at which the ball has risen = 20.0 m\n",
+ "(b) The time taken before the ball to hit the ground = 5.0 s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import sympy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "t = sympy.symbols('t')\n",
+ "v_o=20 # Initial velocity in m/s\n",
+ "y_o=25 # Height of the initial point from ground in m\n",
+ "a=-10 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "v=0\n",
+ "y=0\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "# Let us take the y-axis in the vertically upward direction with zero at the ground\n",
+ "# Since v=(v_o)²+2ah\n",
+ "h=(-(v_o)**2)/(2*a)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "# The total time taken can also be calculated by noting the coordinates of initial and final positions of the ball with respect to the origin chosen\n",
+ "# and using equation (y - y_0) = v_ot + (1/2)at² \n",
+ "# Substituting the values in the above equation we get the quadratic equation for t as , 5t² - 20t - 25 = 0 \n",
+ "t = round(max(sympy.solve(5*t**2 - 20*t -y_o,t)),0)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) The height at which the ball has risen =\",h,\"m\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) The time taken before the ball to hit the ground =\",t,\"s\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 3.5 , page : 49 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The motion of an object under free fall can be explained by the following equations\n",
+ "v = 0 - g t = 9.8t m/s\n",
+ "y = 0 - (1/2)gt² = 4.9t² m\n",
+ "v² = 0 - 2gy = -19.6 y m²/s²\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# If air resistance is neglected, the object is said to be in free fall.\n",
+ "# If the height through which the object falls is small compared to the earths radius, g can be taken to be constant, equal to 9.8 ms².\n",
+ "# Free fall is thus a case of motion with uniform acceleration. \n",
+ "# We assume that the motion is in y-direction, more correctly in y-direction because we choose upward direction as positive.\n",
+ "# Since the acceleration due to gravity is always downward, it is in the negative direction.\n",
+ "# Then we have, a = g = 9.8 ms²\n",
+ "# The object is released from rest at y = 0. Therefore, v_0 = 0 and the equations of motion become as follows\n",
+ "# v = 0 - g t = 9.8t m/s \n",
+ "# y = 0 - (1/2)gt² = 4.9t² m\n",
+ "# v² = 0 - 2gy = -19.6 y m²/s²\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The motion of an object under free fall can be explained by the following equations\")\n",
+ "print(\"v = 0 - g t = 9.8t m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"y = 0 - (1/2)gt² = 4.9t² m\")\n",
+ "print(\"v² = 0 - 2gy = -19.6 y m²/s²\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 3.6 , page : 50 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 6,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Let us divide the time interval of motion of an object under free fall into many equal intervals Ï„ and find out the distancestraversed during successive intervals of time.\n",
+ "Since initial velocity is zero, we have\n",
+ "Using this equation, we can calculate the position of the object after different time intervals, 0, τ, 2τ, 3τ which are given in second column of Table 3.2. If we take (1/ 2) gτ2 as y0 the position coordinate after first time interval τ, then third column gives the positions in the unit of yo. The fourth column gives the distances traversed in successive τs. We find that the distances are in the simple ratio 1: 3: 5: 7: 9: 11 as shown in the last column. This law was established by Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) who was the first to make quantitative studies of free fall.\n",
+ "Hence the proof.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Let us divide the time interval of motion of an object under free fall into many equal intervals Ï„ and find out the distancestraversed during successive intervals of time.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Since initial velocity is zero, we have\")\n",
+ "print(\"Using this equation, we can calculate the position of the object after different time intervals, 0, τ, 2τ, 3τ which are given in second column of Table 3.2. If we take (1/ 2) gτ2 as y0 the position coordinate after first time interval τ, then third column gives the positions in the unit of yo. The fourth column gives the distances traversed in successive τs. We find that the distances are in the simple ratio 1: 3: 5: 7: 9: 11 as shown in the last column. This law was established by Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) who was the first to make quantitative studies of free fall.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Hence the proof.\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 3.7 , page : 50 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The stopping distance, d_s = -v²_o / 2a\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Let the distance travelled by the vehicle before it stops be d_s.\n",
+ "# Then, using equation of motion v² = v²_o + 2ax, and noting that v = 0, we have the stopping distance as given below,\n",
+ "# The stopping distance, d_s = -v²_o / 2a\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The stopping distance, d_s = -v²_o / 2a\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 3.8 , page : 51 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Reaction Time = 0.2 s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ " \n",
+ "v0=0 # Initial velocity in m\n",
+ "g=9.8 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "d=21 # Distance travelled in cm \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "d=21*10**-2\n",
+ "t=math.sqrt((2*d)/g) # Reaction time = √(2d/g)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Reaction Time =\",round(t,1),\"s\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 3.9 , page : 52 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Relative velocity of train B with respect to tain A = -40.0 m/s\n",
+ "(b) Relative velocity of ground with respect to train B = 25.0 m/s\n",
+ "(c) Speed of the monkey = 10.0 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Choose the positive direction of X-axis to be from South to North\n",
+ "V_A=54 # The speed of train A in km/h\n",
+ "V_B=-90 # The speed of train B in km/h\n",
+ "V_MA=-18 # The relative speed of monkey km/h\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "V_A=54*(5/18) # The speed of train A in m/s\n",
+ "V_B=-90*(5/18) # The speed of train B in m/s\n",
+ "V_MA=-18*(5/18) # The relative speed of monkey m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "V_BA=V_B-V_A # Relative velocity of train B with respect to A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "V_GB=0-V_B # Relative velocity of ground with respect to train B\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(c)\n",
+ "# Since V_MA = V_M - V_A\n",
+ "V_M=V_MA+V_A\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) Relative velocity of train B with respect to tain A =\",V_BA,\"m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) Relative velocity of ground with respect to train B =\",V_GB,\"m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"(c) Speed of the monkey =\",V_M,\"m/s\")\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.4.3"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter4_3.ipynb b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter4_3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c2078b32 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter4_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,513 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 4 : Motion in a Plane"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.1 , page : 69"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Therefore,the boy should hold his umbrella in the vertical plane at an angle of about 19.0 ° with the vertical towards the east. \n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable delcaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v_r=35 # Velocity vector of the rain which falls vertically in m/s \n",
+ "v_w=12 # Velocity vector of the wind blowing in east to west direction in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R=math.sqrt(v_r**2+v_w**2) # The magnitude of the resultant vector \n",
+ "tanθ=v_w/v_r\n",
+ "θ=math.degrees(math.atan(tanθ)) # The direction that R makes with the vertical \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Therefore,the boy should hold his umbrella in the vertical plane at an angle of about\",round(θ,0),\"° with the vertical towards the east. \")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.2 , page : 71 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The magnitude of thr resultant vector is given by the equation, R = square root(A²+ B²+ 2ABcosθ)\n",
+ "The direction of the resultant vector is given by the equation, tanθ = SN/(OP+PN) = Bsinθ/(A +Bcosθ)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Let OP and OQ represent the two vectors A and B making an angle θ.\n",
+ "# Then, using the parallelogram method of vector addition, OS represents the resultant vector R such that R = A + B \n",
+ "# SN is normal to OP and PM is normal to OS.\n",
+ "# From the geometry of the figure, OS2 = ON2 + SN2 but ON = OP + PN = A + Bcosθ\n",
+ "# SN = Bsin θ and OS² = (A + Bcosθ )² + (Bsinθ )² or, R² = A² + B² + 2ABcosθ\n",
+ "# .i.e R = square root(A²+ B²+ 2ABcosθ) \n",
+ "# In ΔOSN, SN = OSsin α = Rsin α , and in ΔPSN, SN = PSsinθ = Bsinθ\n",
+ "# Therefore, Rsinα = Bsinθ ..............eqn 1\n",
+ "# Similarly, PM = Asinα = Bsinβ .........eqn 2\n",
+ "# From eqns 1 and 2 we get,\n",
+ "# sin α = (B/R) sin θ or tanθ = SN/(OP+PN) = Bsinθ/(A +Bcosθ)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The magnitude of thr resultant vector is given by the equation, R = square root(A²+ B²+ 2ABcosθ)\")\n",
+ "print(\"The direction of the resultant vector is given by the equation, tanθ = SN/(OP+PN) = Bsinθ/(A +Bcosθ)\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.3 , page : 72 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The magnitude of the resultant vector = 22.0 km/h\n",
+ "The direction of the resultant vector = 23.4 °\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v_b=25 # Velocity of the motor boat racing towards north in km/h\n",
+ "v_c=10 # Velocity of the water current in the direction of 60° east of south in km/h\n",
+ "θ=60 # The angle in degree\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Using the parallelogram method of vector addition we can obtain the resultant vector\n",
+ "# We can obtain the magnitude of resultant vector using the Law of cosine \n",
+ "R=math.sqrt(v_b**2+v_c**2+(2*v_b*v_c*(math.cos(math.radians(2*θ)))))\n",
+ "# We can obtain the direction of resultant vector using the Law of sines \n",
+ "sinφ=(v_c*math.sin(math.radians(θ)))/R\n",
+ "φ=math.degrees(math.asin(sinφ))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The magnitude of the resultant vector =\",round(R,0),\"km/h\")\n",
+ "print(\"The direction of the resultant vector =\",round(φ,1),\"°\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.4 , page : 75 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) The velocity vector, v(t) = 3.0i+4.0tj m/s\n",
+ " The acceleration vector, a(t) = 4.0j m/s²\n",
+ "(b) Magnitude of v(t) at t=1 s = 5.0 m/s\n",
+ " Direction of v(t) at t=1 s = 53.0 ° with x-axis\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "t=1 # Time in s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# The position vector of the particle is r(t)=3.0ti+2.0t²j+5.0k\n",
+ "# On differentiating r(t) with respect to t we get the velocity vector, v(t)=3.0i+4.0tj\n",
+ "# On differentiating v(t) with respect to t we get the acceleration vector, a(t)=4.0j\n",
+ "V_x=3 # X component of v(t)\n",
+ "V_y=4 # Y component of v(t)\n",
+ "V=math.sqrt(V_x**2 + V_y**2)\n",
+ "tanθ=V_y/V_x\n",
+ "θ=math.degrees(math.atan(tanθ)) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) The velocity vector, v(t) = 3.0i+4.0tj m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\" The acceleration vector, a(t) = 4.0j m/s²\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) Magnitude of v(t) at t=1 s =\",V,\"m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\" Direction of v(t) at t=1 s =\",round(θ,0),\"° with x-axis\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.5 , page : 76 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) The y-coordinate of the particle at the instant its x-coordinate is 84 m = 36.0 m\n",
+ "(b) Speed of the particle at the instant its x-coordinate is 84 m = 26.0 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import sympy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "x=84 # X component of the position vector in m\n",
+ "t= sympy.symbols('t')\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Velocity vector is given as, v(t)= 5.0i m/s\n",
+ "# Acceleration vector is given as, a(t)= 3.0i+2.0j m/s²\n",
+ "# By the equation r(t)=v(t)+(a(t)t²)/2 we get the positon vector of the particle as follows\n",
+ "# r(t) = 5.0ti + 1.5t²i + 1.0t²j\n",
+ "t=round((max(sympy.solve(1.5*t**2 + 5*t -x,t))),0)\n",
+ "y=1.0*t**2\n",
+ "# Now the velocity vector can be obtained by differentiating r(t) with respect to t \n",
+ "# Then we get, v(t) = 5.0i +3ti+2tj m/s\n",
+ "v_x=5.0+3*t # X component of v(t) at time = t\n",
+ "v_y=2*t # Y component of v(t) at time = t\n",
+ "V=math.sqrt(v_x**2 + v_y**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) The y-coordinate of the particle at the instant its x-coordinate is 84 m =\",y,\"m\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) Speed of the particle at the instant its x-coordinate is 84 m =\",round(V,0),\"m/s\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.6 , page : 76 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 6,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Therefore, the woman should hold her umbrella at an angle of about 19.0 ° with the vertical towards the west.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v_r=35 # Velocity vector of the rain which falls vertically in m/s\n",
+ "v_b=12 # Velocity vector of the bicycle riding in east to west direction in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v_rb=v_r - v_b\n",
+ "tanθ=v_b/v_r\n",
+ "θ=math.degrees(math.atan(tanθ)) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Therefore, the woman should hold her umbrella at an angle of about\",round(θ,0),\"° with the vertical towards the west.\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.7 , page : 78 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "For a projectile launched with velocity v_0 at an angle θ_0 , the range is given by, R = (v_0²sin2θ_0)/g\n",
+ "Now,for angles,(45°+α ) and (45°- α ), 2θ_0 is (90° + 2α) and (90° - 2α), respectively.\n",
+ "The values of sin (90° + 2 α ) and sin (90° - 2α) are the same, equal to that of cos 2α.\n",
+ "Therefore, ranges are equal for elevations which exceed or fall short of 45° by equal amounts α.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v_0=1 # For convenience, velocity at whch the projectile launched is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "θ_0=1 # For convenience, angle at whch the projectile launched in degree is assumed to be unity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"For a projectile launched with velocity v_0 at an angle θ_0 , the range is given by, R = (v_0²sin2θ_0)/g\")\n",
+ "print(\"Now,for angles,(45°+α ) and (45°- α ), 2θ_0 is (90° + 2α) and (90° - 2α), respectively.\")\n",
+ "print(\"The values of sin (90° + 2 α ) and sin (90° - 2α) are the same, equal to that of cos 2α.\")\n",
+ "print(\"Therefore, ranges are equal for elevations which exceed or fall short of 45° by equal amounts α.\") \n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.8 , page : 78 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The time taken by the stone to reach the ground = 10.0 s\n",
+ "The speed with which the stone hits the ground = 99.0 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# We choose the origin of the x-,and y- axis at the edge of the cliff and t = 0 s at the instant the stone is thrown\n",
+ "# Choose the positive direction of x-axis to be along the initial velocity and the positive direction of y-axis to be the vertically upward direction\n",
+ "# The equations of motion are : x(t)=x_0 = v_0xt and y(t) = y_0+v_0yt+(1/2)a_y(t^2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "g=9.8 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "x_0=0\n",
+ "y_0=0\n",
+ "v_oy=0\n",
+ "a_y=g\n",
+ "v_ox=15\n",
+ "y_t=490\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# The stone hits the ground when y(t) = 490 m ,i.e. 490 = (1/2)(9.8)t\n",
+ "t=math.sqrt((-y_t*-2)/a_y)\n",
+ "# The velocity components are v_x = v_ox and v_y = v_oy - g t\n",
+ "v_x=v_ox\n",
+ "v_y=v_oy-(g*t)\n",
+ "V=math.sqrt(v_x**2+v_y**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The time taken by the stone to reach the ground =\",t,\"s\")\n",
+ "print(\"The speed with which the stone hits the ground =\",round(V,0),\"m/s\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.9 , page : 79 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The maximum height = 10.0 m\n",
+ "The time taken to return to the same level = 2.9 s\n",
+ "The distance from the thrower to the point where the ball returns to the same level = 69.0 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v_0=28 # The initial velocity of the ball in m/s\n",
+ "θ=30 # The angle of inclination of the ball above the horizontal in degree\n",
+ "g=9.8 # Acceleration due to gravity in m/s²\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "h_m=(v_0*(math.sin(math.radians(θ))))**2/(2*g)\n",
+ "T_f=(2*v_0*math.sin(math.radians(θ)))/g\n",
+ "R=((v_0**2)*(math.sin(2*math.radians(θ))))/g \n",
+ " \n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The maximum height =\",round(h_m,0),\"m\")\n",
+ "print(\"The time taken to return to the same level =\",round(T_f,1),\"s\")\n",
+ "print(\"The distance from the thrower to the point where the ball returns to the same level =\",round(R,0),\"m\") \n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 4.10 , page : 81 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 10,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Angular speed = 0.44 rad/s\n",
+ " Linear speed = 5.3 cm/s\n",
+ "(b) Since the direction changes continuously, acceleration here is not a constant vector\n",
+ " Magnitude of acceleration = 2.3 cm/s²\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ " \n",
+ "R=12 # Radius of the circular groove in cm\n",
+ "n=7 # Total number of revolutions\n",
+ "t=100 # Time taken for all 7 revolutions\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "T=t/n # Time taken for one revolution\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "w=2*math.pi/T # Angular speed in rad/s\n",
+ "v=w*R # Linear speed in cm/s\n",
+ "a=pow(w,2)*R # Magnitude of acceleration in cm/s²\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) Angular speed =\",round(w,2),\"rad/s\")\n",
+ "print(\" Linear speed =\",round(v,1),\"cm/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) Since the direction changes continuously, acceleration here is not a constant vector\")\n",
+ "print(\" Magnitude of acceleration =\",round(a,1),\"cm/s²\")\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.4.3"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter5_3.ipynb b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter5_3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..89ef087e --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter5_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,623 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 5 : Laws of Motion"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.1 , page : 93"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The acceleration of the astranaunt = 0 m/s²\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "a=100 # Constant acceleration of the inter stellar space in m/s²\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Since there are no nearby stars to exert gravitational force on him and the small spaceship exerts negligible gravitational attraction on him, the net force acting on the astronaut, once he is out of the spaceship, is zero.\n",
+ "# By the first law of motion the acceleration of the astronaut is zero. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The acceleration of the astranaunt =\",0,\"m/s²\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.2 , page : 95 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The average resistive force exerted by the block on the bullet = 270.0 N\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ " \n",
+ "m=0.04 # Mass of the bullet in kg\n",
+ "u=90 # Speedof the bullet in m/s\n",
+ "s=60 # Thickness of the wooden block at which the bullet stops in cms\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "s=s*10**-2\n",
+ "a=u**2/(2*s) # Retardation of the bullet in m/s²\n",
+ "F=m*a # Retarding force in N\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The average resistive force exerted by the block on the bullet =\",F,\"N\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.3 , page : 96 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Force acting on the particle, F = g*m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import sympy\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "g = sympy.symbols('g')\n",
+ "m = sympy.symbols('m')\n",
+ "u = sympy.symbols('u')\n",
+ "ut = sympy.symbols('ut')\n",
+ "t = sympy.symbols('t')\n",
+ "gt = sympy.symbols('gt')\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# The motion of a particle of mass m is given as follows\n",
+ "y = ut + (gt**2)/2\n",
+ "# Differentiating the equation of motion with respect to time t we get,\n",
+ "v = u + gt\n",
+ "# Again differentiating the above equation with respect to time t we get, \n",
+ "a = g\n",
+ "F = m*a # Force aciting on the particle\n",
+ "# Thus the given equation describes the motion of a particle under acceleration due to gravity and y is the position coordinate in the direction of g.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Force acting on the particle, F = \",F)\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.4 , page : 96"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The impulse in the direction from the batsman to the bowler = 3.6 Ns\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=0.15 # Mass of the ball in kg\n",
+ "u=12 # Initial speed of the ball in m/s\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Delta_v=u-(-u) # Change in velocity= Final velocity-Initial velocity\n",
+ "I=m*Delta_v\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The impulse in the direction from the batsman to the bowler =\",round(I,1),\"Ns\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.5 , page : 98 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) The direction of impulse (and force) is the same in both case and is normal to the wall along the negative x direction\n",
+ "(ii)The ratio of the magnitudes of the impulses imparted to the ball in two cases = 1.2\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "θ=30 \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# Consider the force (or impulse) on the ball due to the wall using the second law, and then use the third law to answer \n",
+ " \n",
+ "# Case(a) \n",
+ "# Let u be the speed of each ball before and after collision with the wall, and m the mass of each ball.\n",
+ "# Let us consider, initial momentum in x direction, P_x_in = mu and final momentum in x direction,P_x_fi = - mu\n",
+ "# Let us consider, initial momentum in y direction, P_y_in = 0 and final momentum in y direction,P_y_fi = 0\n",
+ "# Impulse is the change in momentum vector. Therefore, \n",
+ "# x-component of impulse = 2mu and y-component of impulse = 0\n",
+ "# Impulse and force are in the same direction. Clearly, the force on the ball due to the wall is normal to the wall, along the negative x-direction.\n",
+ "# Using Newtons third law of motion, the force on the wall due to the ball is normal to the wall along the positive x-direction. \n",
+ " \n",
+ "# Case(b)\n",
+ "# Let u be the speed of each ball before and after collision with the wall, and m the mass of each ball.\n",
+ "# Let us consider, initial momentum in x direction, P_x_in = mu cos 30° and final momentum in x direction,P_x_fi = -mu cos 30°\n",
+ "# Let us consider, initial momentum in y direction, P_y_in = mu sin 30° and final momentum in y direction,P_y_fi = mu sin 30°\n",
+ "# x-component of impulse = 2mucos30 and y-component of impulse = 0\n",
+ "# Using Newtons third law, the force on the wall due to the ball is normal to the wall along the positive x direction.\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# The ratio of the magnitudes of the impulses imparted to the balls in (a) and (b) is 2mu/2mu cos 30°= 1/cos 30°\n",
+ "r=1/math.cos(math.radians(θ)) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ " \n",
+ "print(\"(i) The direction of impulse (and force) is the same in both case and is normal to the wall along the negative x direction\")\n",
+ "print(\"(ii)The ratio of the magnitudes of the impulses imparted to the ball in two cases =\",round(r,1)) \n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.6 , page : 99 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 6,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The angle that the rope makes with the vertical in equilibrium = 40.0 °\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=6 # The amount of mass suspended in kg\n",
+ "l=2 # Length of the rope in m\n",
+ "F=50 # The Force applied at the mid-point of the rope in the horizontal direction in N\n",
+ "g=10 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "T2=m*g\n",
+ "T1cosθ=T2\n",
+ "T2sinθ=F\n",
+ "tanθ=T2sinθ/T1cosθ\n",
+ "θ=math.degrees(math.atan(tanθ)) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The angle that the rope makes with the vertical in equilibrium =\",round(θ,0),\"°\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.7 , page : 102"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The maximum acceleration of the train = 1.5 m/s²\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "u=.15 # The co-efficient of static friction between the box and the trains floor\n",
+ "g=10 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Since the acceleration of the box is due to the static friction, ma = f ≤ μN = μmg, i.e. a ≤ μg \n",
+ "a_max=u*g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The maximum acceleration of the train =\",a_max,\"m/s²\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.8 , page : 102 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface = 0.27\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=4 # Mass in kg\n",
+ "θ=15 # Angle of inclination of the plane with the horizontal\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Resolving the weight mg along the two directions shown, we have mgsin θ = fs, mgcosθ=N\n",
+ "# As θ increases, the self-adjusting frictional force fs increases until at θ = θ max, \n",
+ "# fs achieves its maximum value, max_f = μ s N\n",
+ "# Therefore, tan θ max = μ or θ_max = (tan)^-1 μ \n",
+ "tanθ=math.tan(math.radians(θ))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface =\",round(tanθ,2))\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.9 , page : 102 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The acceleration of the block and trolley system = 0.96 m/s²\n",
+ "The tension on the string = 27.1 N\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m1=20 # Mass of the block in kg\n",
+ "m2=3 # Mass of the block in kg\n",
+ "g=10 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "u_k=0.04 # The coefficient of kinetic friction between the trolley and the surface\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "N=m1*g\n",
+ "f_k=u_k*N\n",
+ "# Applying second law to motion of the block , 30-T = 3a\n",
+ "# Applying the second law to motion of the trolley, T-fk = 20a.\n",
+ "a=22/23\n",
+ "T=(20*a)+f_k\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The acceleration of the block and trolley system =\",round(a,2),\"m/s²\")\n",
+ "print(\"The tension on the string =\",round(T,1),\"N\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.10 , page : 105 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 10,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The cyclist will slip while taking the circular turn.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v=18 # Speed of the cycle in km/h\n",
+ "R=3 # Radius of the circular turn in m\n",
+ "µ_s=0.1 # Coefficient of static friction between the tyre and the road \n",
+ "g=9.8 # Acceleration due to gravity in m/s²\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v=v*(5/18) # Speed of the cycle in m/s\n",
+ "v_sq=pow(v,2)\n",
+ "#The condition for the cyclist not to slip is given b, v2 ≤ μ_sRg\n",
+ "μ_sRg=μ_s*R*g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "if v_sq < μ_sRg:\n",
+ " print(\"The cyclist will not slip while taking the circular turn.\")\n",
+ "else:\n",
+ " print(\"The cyclist will slip while taking the circular turn.\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.11 , page : 105 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 11,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The optimum speed of the race-car to avoid wear and tear on its tyres = 28.1 m/s\n",
+ "The maximum permissible speed to avoid slipping = 38.1 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R=300 # Radius of the circulas race track in m\n",
+ "θ=15 # Angle at which the road banked in degree\n",
+ "u=0.2 # The coefficient of friction between the wheels of a race-car and the road\n",
+ "g=9.8 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "v_o=math.sqrt(R*g*(math.tan(math.radians(θ))))\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "v_max=math.sqrt(R*g*(u+(math.tan(math.radians(θ))))/(1-u*math.tan(math.radians(θ))))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The optimum speed of the race-car to avoid wear and tear on its tyres =\",round(v_o,1),\"m/s\")\n",
+ "print(\"The maximum permissible speed to avoid slipping =\",round(v_max,1),\"m/s\")\n",
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 5.12 , page : 106 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 12,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) The action of the block is equal to 20 N and directed vertically downwards.\n",
+ "(b) The action of the system on the floor is equal to 267.3 N vertically downward.\n",
+ "For(a):\n",
+ "(i) The force of gravity 20 N on the block by the earth (action);the force of gravity on the earth by the block (reaction) 20 N directed upwards.\n",
+ "(ii) The force on the floor by the block (action); the force on the block by the floor (reaction).\n",
+ "For(b):\n",
+ "(i) The force of gravity 270 N on the system by the earth (action);the force of gravity on the earth by the system (reaction), equal to 270 N, directed upwards.\n",
+ "(ii) the force on the floor by the system (action); the force on the system by the floor (reaction).\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ " \n",
+ "m1=2 # Mass of the wooden block in kg\n",
+ "m2=25 # Mass of the iron cylinder in kg\n",
+ "a=0.1\n",
+ "g=10 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "# The block is at rest on the floor. Its free-body has two forces on the block, the force of gravitational attraction by the earth and the normal force R of the floor on the block.\n",
+ "# By the First Law, the net force on the block must be zero, hence\n",
+ "e1=m1*g # The force of gravitational attraction by the earth\n",
+ "R=e1 # The normal force of the floor on the block\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "# The system (block + cylinder) accelerates downwards with 0.1 m/s².The free-body diagram of the system shows two forces on the system : the force of gravity due to the earth; and the normal force R′ by the floor. \n",
+ "e2=(m1+m2)*g # The force of gravitational attraction by the earth\n",
+ "R_prim=e2-(m1+m2)*a # The normal force of the floor on the block\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) The action of the block is equal to\",R,\"N and directed vertically downwards.\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) The action of the system on the floor is equal to\",R_prim,\"N vertically downward.\")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"For(a):\")\n",
+ "print(\"(i) The force of gravity\",e1,\"N on the block by the earth (action);the force of gravity on the earth by the block (reaction)\",R,\"N directed upwards.\")\n",
+ "print(\"(ii) The force on the floor by the block (action); the force on the block by the floor (reaction).\")\n",
+ "print(\"For(b):\")\n",
+ "print(\"(i) The force of gravity\",e2,\"N on the system by the earth (action);the force of gravity on the earth by the system (reaction), equal to 270 N, directed upwards.\")\n",
+ "print(\"(ii) the force on the floor by the system (action); the force on the system by the floor (reaction).\")\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.4.3"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter6_3.ipynb b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter6_3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..354768c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter6_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,675 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 6 : Work, Energy and Power"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.1 , page : 115"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The angle between the force F and the displacement d = 0.32 °\n",
+ "The projection of F on d = 71.34\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "F = (3,4,-5) # Force vector \n",
+ "d = (5,4,3) # Displacement vector\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Fd=sum(p*q for p,q in zip(F,d))\n",
+ "FF=sum(p*q for p,q in zip(F,F))\n",
+ "dd=sum(p*q for p,q in zip(d,d))\n",
+ "cosθ=Fd/math.sqrt(FF*dd)\n",
+ "θ=math.degrees(math.acos(cosθ))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The angle between the force F and the displacement d =\",cosθ,\"°\")\n",
+ "print(\"The projection of F on d =\",round(θ,2))\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.2 , page : 116"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) The work done by the gravitational force = 10.0 J\n",
+ "(b) The work done by the unknown resistive force -8.75 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=1 # Mass of the drop in g\n",
+ "h=1 # The height at which the drop is falling in km\n",
+ "v=50 # Speed at which the drop hits the ground in m/s\n",
+ "g=10 # Accelaration due to gravity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=m*10**-3 # Mass of the drop in kg\n",
+ "h=h*10**3 # The height at which the drop is falling in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "# We have assumed that the drop is initially at rest\n",
+ "\n",
+ "K=(m*pow(v,2))/2 # Change in kinetic energy of the drop\n",
+ "W_g= m*g*h # The work done by the gravitational force on the drop in J\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "# From the work-energy theorm, K=W_g+W_r where Wr is the work done by the resistive force on the raindrop\n",
+ "W_r=K-W_g\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) The work done by the gravitational force =\",W_g,\"J\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) The work done by the unknown resistive force\",W_r,\"J\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.3 , page : 117 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Work done by the road on the cycle = -2000.0 J\n",
+ "(b) Work done by cycle on the road = 0 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "d=10 # The distance in m\n",
+ "F=200 # The force on cycle due to the road in N\n",
+ "θ=180 # The angle the stopping force and the displacement make with each other in degrees\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "W_r=F*d*math.cos(math.radians(θ))\n",
+ "# From Newton’s Third Law an equal and opposite force acts on the road due to the cycle.\n",
+ "# Its magnitude is 200 N. However, the road undergoes no displacement.\n",
+ "# Thus, work done by cycle on the road is zero. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) Work done by the road on the cycle =\",W_r,\"J\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) Work done by cycle on the road = 0 J\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.4 , page : 118 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The emergent speed of the bullet = 63.2 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=50 # The mass of the bullet in g\n",
+ "in_v=200 # The initial velocity of the bullet in m/s\n",
+ "d=2 # The thickness of the plywood in cm\n",
+ "mp=1 # For convenience,mass is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=m*10**-3 # The mass of the bullet in kg\n",
+ "in_ke=(m*in_v**2)/2\n",
+ "# Since the bullet emerges with only 10% of its initial kinetic energy\n",
+ "fin_ke=0.1*in_ke\n",
+ "#If v_f is the emergent speed of the bullet,then mv_f²/2 = final kinetic energy\n",
+ "v_f=math.sqrt((2*fin_ke)/m) \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The emergent speed of the bullet =\",round(v_f,1),\"m/s\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.5 , page : 119 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Work done by the women = 1750.0 J\n",
+ "Work done by the frictional force = -1000 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "F1=100 # Initial force in J\n",
+ "F2=50 # Final force in J\n",
+ "d1=10 # Initial distance covered in m\n",
+ "d2=10 # Final distance covered in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "d=d1+d2 # Total distance covered\n",
+ "A_rec1=F1*d1 # Area of the rectangle ABCD\n",
+ "A_tra=((F1+F2)/2)*d2\n",
+ "W_f=A_rec1+A_tra # Work done by the women\n",
+ "A_rec2=-F2*d # Area of the rectangle AGHI\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Work done by the women =\",W_f,\"J\")\n",
+ "print(\"Work done by the frictional force =\",A_rec2,\"J\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.6 , page : 120 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 6,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The final kinetic energy of the block = 0.5 J\n",
+ "The final speed of the block = 1.0 m/s\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=1 # Mass of the block in kg\n",
+ "v_t=2 # Speed of the block in m/s\n",
+ "x1=0.10 # Initial point\n",
+ "x2=2.01 # Final point\n",
+ "k=0.5 # Proportionality ratio in J\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "k_t=(m*pow(v_t,2))/2\n",
+ "k_f=k_t-(k*math.log(x2/x1))\n",
+ "#Since Kinetic energy =mv²/2\n",
+ "v_f=math.sqrt(2*k_f/m)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The final kinetic energy of the block =\",round(k_f,2),\"J\")\n",
+ "print(\"The final speed of the block =\",round(v_f,2),\"m/s\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.7 , page : 122 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) v_o = √(5gL)\n",
+ "(ii) The speed at point B, v_b = √3gL\n",
+ " The speed at point C, v_c = √gL\n",
+ "(iii) The ratio of the kinetic energies (KB/KC) at B and C= 3.0\n",
+ "At point C, the string becomes slack and the velocity of the bob is horizontal and to the left. If the connecting string is cut at this instant, the bob will execute a projectile motion with horizontal projection akin to a rock kicked horizontally from the edge of a cliff. Otherwise the bob will continue on its circular path and complete the revolution.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(i)\n",
+ "# The total mechanical energy E of the system is conserved.We take the potential energy of the system to be zero at the lowest point A.\n",
+ "# Thus, at A : E = (1/2)mv²_o\n",
+ "# By Newton’s Second Law Ta-m = mv²_o/L where TA is the tension in the string at A. \n",
+ "# At the highest point C, the string slackens, as the tension in the string (TC) becomes zero. \n",
+ "# Thus, at C, E = mgl(5/2)\n",
+ "# Equating this to the energy at A we get, v_o = √(5gL)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(ii)\n",
+ "# We know that v_c= √(gL)\n",
+ "# At B, the energy is E =(1/2)mv²_b + mgL\n",
+ "# Equating this to the energy at A and employing the result namely v²_o = (5gL), we get v_b = √3gL\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(iii)\n",
+ "# The ratio of the kinetic energies at B and C is; K_B/K_C = (1/2)mv²_b/(1/2)mv²_c = 3/1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(i) v_o = √(5gL)\")\n",
+ "print(\"(ii) The speed at point B, v_b = √3gL\")\n",
+ "print(\" The speed at point C, v_c = √gL\")\n",
+ "print(\"(iii) The ratio of the kinetic energies (KB/KC) at B and C=\",3/1)\n",
+ "print(\"At point C, the string becomes slack and the velocity of the bob is horizontal and to the left. If the connecting string is cut at this instant, the bob will execute a projectile motion with horizontal projection akin to a rock kicked horizontally from the edge of a cliff. Otherwise the bob will continue on its circular path and complete the revolution.\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.8 , page : 124 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The maximum compression of spring = 2.0 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=1000 # Mass of the car in kg\n",
+ "v=18 # Speed of the car in km/h\n",
+ "k=6.25*10**3 # Spring constant in N/m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v=v*(5/18) # Speed of the car in m/s\n",
+ "KE=m*v**2/2 # Kinetic energy of the car\n",
+ "# At maximum compression Xm, the potential energy V of the spring is equal to the kinetic energy KE of the moving car from the principle of conservation of mechanical energy.\n",
+ "Xm=math.sqrt((2*KE)/k)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The maximum compression of spring =\",Xm,\"m\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.9 , page : 125 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 9,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The maximum compression of the spring = 1.03 m\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=1000 # Mass of the car in kg\n",
+ "µ=0.5 # The coefficient of friction \n",
+ "g=10 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "k=6.25*10**3 # Spring constant in N/m\n",
+ "v=18 # Speed of the car in km/h\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "v=v*(5/18) # Speed of the car in m/s\n",
+ "# In presence of friction, both the spring force and the frictional force act so as to oppose the compression of the spring \n",
+ "# The change in kinetic energy is ∆K = K_f - K_i = 0 -(1/2)mv² ..........eqn 1\n",
+ "# The work done by the net force is W = (1/2)mv² + µmgX_m .............eqn 2\n",
+ "# by equating the above two equations and rearranging we obtain the following quadratic equation in the unknown X_m as \n",
+ "# kX²_m + 2µmgX_m + mv² = 0\n",
+ "t1=((-2*µ*m*g)+math.sqrt(abs(((2*µ*m*g)**2)-(4*k*m*v**2))))/(2*k)\n",
+ "t2=((-2*µ*m*g)-math.sqrt(abs(((2*µ*m*g)**2)-(4*k*m*v**2))))/(2*k)\n",
+ "X_m=max(t1,t2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The maximum compression of the spring =\",round(X_m,2),\"m\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.10 , page : 127 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 10,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) Energy required to break one bond of DNA in eV = 6.25 ≈ 0.06 eV\n",
+ "(b) The kinetic energy of an air molecule in eV = 62.5 ≈ 0.0062 eV\n",
+ "(c) The average human consumption in a day in kcal = 2380.9523809523807 ≈ 2400 kcal\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "E=pow(10,20) # Energy required to break one bond of DNA in J\n",
+ "KE=pow(10,21) # The kinetic energy of an air molecule in J\n",
+ "Con=pow(10,7) # The average human consumption in a day in J\n",
+ " \n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "E=(10**20)/(1.6*10**19 ) # Energy required to break one bond of DNA in eV\n",
+ "#(b) \n",
+ "KE=(10**21)/(1.6*10**19) # The kinetic energy of an air molecule in eV\n",
+ "#(c) \n",
+ "consum=(10**7)/(4.2*10**3) # The average human consumption in a day in kcal\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) Energy required to break one bond of DNA in eV =\",E,\"≈ 0.06 eV\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) The kinetic energy of an air molecule in eV =\",KE,\"≈ 0.0062 eV\")\n",
+ "print(\"(c) The average human consumption in a day in kcal =\",consum,\"≈ 2400 kcal\")\n",
+ " "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.11 , page : 128 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 11,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The minimum power delivered by the motor to the elevator in watts = 44000 watts\n",
+ "The minimum power delivered by the motor to the elevator in hp = 59.0 hp\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=1800 # Maximum load the elevator can carry in kg\n",
+ "F_f=4000 # Frictional force appearing in N\n",
+ "v=2 # Speed of the elevator in m/s\n",
+ "g=10 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "F=m*g+F_f # The downward force on the elevator in N\n",
+ "P=F*v\n",
+ "# Since, 1 hp = 7.457*10**2 W\n",
+ "P_hp=P/(7.457*10**2)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The minimum power delivered by the motor to the elevator in watts =\",P,\"watts\")\n",
+ "print(\"The minimum power delivered by the motor to the elevator in hp =\",round(P_hp,2),\"hp\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.12 , page : 130 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 12,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "For deuterium the fractional kinetic energy lost is = 0.1111111111111111\n",
+ "For deuterium the fractional kinetic energy gained by the moderating nuclei = 0.8888888888888888\n",
+ "Hence we conclude that almost 90% of the neutron’s energy is transferred to deuterium.\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# The initial kinetic energy of the neutron is K_1i = (1/2)*m1V²_1i\n",
+ "# Its final kinetic energy is given by, K_1f = (1/2)*m1V²_1f =(1/2)*m1*(m1-m2/m1+m2)²*V²_1f\n",
+ "# The fractional kinetic energy lost is f1 = K_1f/K_1i = (m1-m2/m1+m2)²\n",
+ "# The fractional kinetic energy gained by the moderating nuclei is f2 = 1-f1 = (4*m1*m2)/(m1+m2)²\n",
+ "# For deuterium m2 = 2m1 \n",
+ "m1=1\n",
+ "m2=2*m1\n",
+ "f1=((m1-m2)/(m1+m2))**2\n",
+ "f2 = 1-f1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"For deuterium the fractional kinetic energy lost is =\",f1)\n",
+ "print(\"For deuterium the fractional kinetic energy gained by the moderating nuclei =\",f2)\n",
+ "print(\"Hence we conclude that almost 90% of the neutron’s energy is transferred to deuterium.\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 6.13 , page : 131 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 13,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The angle at which the player has to strike the cue = 53.0 °\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "θ=37 # The angle of the corner pocket in degreeac\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Here m1 = m2, where m1 is the mass of the cue and m2 is the mass of the target\n",
+ "# From momentum conservation, since the masses are equal ; V_1i = V_1f + V_2f\n",
+ "# Or V_1f² = V_2f² + 2*V_1f*V_2f\n",
+ "# Since the collision is elastic and m1 = m2 it follows from conservation of kinetic energy that V_1i² = V_1f² + V_2f²\n",
+ "# Hence we get, cos(θ1+θ) = 0\n",
+ "θ1=math.degrees(math.acos(0))- θ\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The angle at which the player has to strike the cue =\",θ1,\"°\")\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.4.3"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter7_3.ipynb b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter7_3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f4eef20f --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter7_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,226 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 7 : Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.1 , page : 146"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The centre of mass = ( 0.28 m, 0.11 m )\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# With the x–and y–axes chosen as the coordinates of points O, A and B forming the equilateral triangle are respectively (0,0),(0.5,0),(0.25,0.25√3 ).\n",
+ "# Let the masses 100 g, 150g and 200g be located at O, A and B be respectively.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m1=100 # Mass of the first particle in g\n",
+ "m2=150 # Mass of the second particle in g\n",
+ "m3=200 # Mass of the third particle in g\n",
+ "x1=0 # x-coordinate of the first particle \n",
+ "x2=0.5 # x-coordinate of the second particle \n",
+ "x3=0.25 # x-coordinate of the third particle \n",
+ "y1=0 # y-coordinate of the first particle \n",
+ "y2=0 # y-coordinate of the second particle \n",
+ "y3=0.25 # y-coordinate of the third particle \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "X=(m1*x1+m2*x2+m3*x3)/(m1+m2+m3)\n",
+ "Y=(m1*y1+m2*y2+m3*y3)/(m1+m2+m3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The centre of mass = (\",round(X,2),\"m,\",round(Y,2),\"m\",\")\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.2 , page : 147 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The centre of mass of a triangular lamina lies on the centroid of the triangle\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# The lamina (∆LMN) may be subdivided into narrow strips each parallel to the base (MN). \n",
+ "# By symmetry each strip has its centre of mass at its midpoint.\n",
+ "# If we join the midpoint of all the strips we get the median LP.\n",
+ "# The centre of mass of the triangle as a whole therefore, has to lie on the median LP.\n",
+ "# Similarly, we can argue that it lies on the median MQ and NR. \n",
+ "# This means the centre of mass lies on the point of concurrence of the medians, i.e. on the centroid G of the triangle.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The centre of mass of a triangular lamina lies on the centroid of the triangle\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.3 , page : 147 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "The centre of mass = ( 0.83 m, 0.83 m )\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Letus choose the X and Y axes as the coordinates of the vertices of the L-shaped lamina.\n",
+ "# We can think of the L-shape to consist of 3 squares each of length 1m.\n",
+ "# The mass of each square is 1kg, since the lamina is uniform.\n",
+ "# The centres of mass C1, C2 and C3 of the squares are, by symmetry, their geometric centres and have coordinates (1/2,1/2), (3/2,1/2), (1/2,3/2) respectively.\n",
+ "# We take the masses of the squares to be concentrated at these points.\n",
+ "# hence the centre of mass of the whole L shape (X, Y) is the centre of mass of these mass points.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m1=1\n",
+ "m2=1\n",
+ "m3=1\n",
+ "x1=1/2\n",
+ "x2=3/2\n",
+ "x3=1/2\n",
+ "y1=1/2\n",
+ "y2=1/2\n",
+ "y3=3/2\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "X=(m1*x1+m2*x2+m3*x3)/(m1+m2+m3)\n",
+ "Y=(m1*y1+m2*y2+m3*y3)/(m1+m2+m3)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"The centre of mass = (\",round(X,2),\"m,\",round(Y,2),\"m\",\")\")\n"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 7.4 , page : 152 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Scalar product = -25\n",
+ "Vector product a × b = [ 7 -1 -5]\n",
+ "Vector product b × a = [-7 1 5]\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "import numpy as np\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "a = (3,-4,5) # Vector a\n",
+ "b = (-2,1,-3) # Vector b\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "s=sum(p*q for p,q in zip(a,b))\n",
+ "a1 = np.array([3,-4,5]) \n",
+ "b1 = np.array([-2,1,-3]) \n",
+ "v1=np.cross(a1,b1)\n",
+ "v2=np.cross(b1,a1)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Scalar product =\",s)\n",
+ "print(\"Vector product a × b =\",v1)\n",
+ "print(\"Vector product b × a =\",v2)"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.4.3"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter8_3.ipynb b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter8_3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b60fb136 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/Chapter8_3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,445 @@ +{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "source": [
+ "# Chapter 8 : Gravitation"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": true
+ },
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.1 , page : 185"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 1,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ " The planet will take a longer time to traverse BAC than CPB\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "mp=1 # For convenience,mass is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "rp=1 # For convenience,sun-planet distance at perihelton is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "vp=1 # For convenience,speed of the planet at perihelton is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "ra=1 # For convenience,sun-planet distance at aphelton is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "va=1 # For convenience,speed of the planet at aphelton is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "Lp=mp*rp*vp # Angular momentum at perihelton\n",
+ "La=mp*ra*va # Angular momentum at ahelton\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# From angular momentum conservation, mp*rp*vp = mp*ra*va or vp/va = rp/ra\n",
+ "# From Kepler’s second law, equal areas are swept in equal times\n",
+ "print(\" The planet will take a longer time to traverse BAC than CPB\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.2 , page : 187 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 2,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(a) The force acting = [0.0, 2.5849394142282115e-26, 0.0] ≈ 0\n",
+ "(b) The force acting = 2 Gm²\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "G=6.67*pow(10,-11) # Gravitational constant\n",
+ "m=1 # For convenience,mass is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "x=30 # The angle between GC and the positive x-axis is 30° and so is the angle between GB and the negative x-axis\n",
+ "y=math.radians(x) # The angle in radians\n",
+ "a=math.cos(y)\n",
+ "b=math.sin(y)\n",
+ "v1=(0,1,0)\n",
+ "v2=(-a,-b,0)\n",
+ "v3=(a,-b,0)\n",
+ "c=(2*G*pow(m,2))/1 # 2Gm²/1\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(a)\n",
+ "F1=[y * c for y in v1] # F(GA)\n",
+ "F2=[y * c for y in v2] # F(GB)\n",
+ "F3=[y * c for y in v3] # F(GC)\n",
+ "# From the principle of superposition and the law of vector addition, the resultant gravitational force FR on (2m) is given by\n",
+ "Fa=[sum(x) for x in zip(F1,F2,F3)]\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#(b)\n",
+ "# By symmetry the x-component of the force cancels out and the y-component survives\n",
+ "Fb=4-2 # 4Gm² j - 2Gm² j\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(a) The force acting =\",Fa,\"≈ 0\")\n",
+ "print(\"(b) The force acting =\",Fb,\"Gm²\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.3 , page : 192 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 3,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Potential energy of a system of four particles = -5.414213562373095 Gm²/l\n",
+ "The gravitational potential at the centre of the square = -5.65685424949238 Gm²/l\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "G=6.67*pow(10,-11) # Gravitational constant\n",
+ "m=1 # For convenience,mass is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "l=1 # For convenience,side of the square is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "c=(G*pow(m,2))/l\n",
+ "n=4 # Number of particles\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "d=math.sqrt(2)\n",
+ "# If the side of a square is l then the diagonal distance is √2l\n",
+ "# We have four mass pairs at distance l and two diagonal pairs at distance √2l \n",
+ "# Since the Potential Energy of a system of four particles is -4Gm²/l) - 2Gm²/dl\n",
+ "w=(-n-(2/d)) \n",
+ "# If the side of a square is l then the diagonal distance from the centre to corner is \n",
+ "# Since the Gravitational Potential at the centre of the square\n",
+ "u=-n*(2/d)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print (\"Potential energy of a system of four particles =\",w,\"Gm²/l\")\n",
+ "print(\"The gravitational potential at the centre of the square =\",u,\"Gm²/l\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.4 , page : 193 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 4,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Minimum speed of the projectile to reach the surface of the second sphere = ( 0.6 GM/R ) ^(1/2)\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "R=1 # For convenience,radii of both the spheres is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "M=1 # For convenience,mass is assumed to be unity \n",
+ "m1=M # Mass of the first sphere\n",
+ "m2=6*M # Mass of the second sphere\n",
+ "m=1 # Since the mass of the projectile is unknown,take it as unity\n",
+ "d=6*R # Distance between the centres of both the spheres\n",
+ "r=1 # The distance from the centre of first sphere to the neutral point N\n",
+ "\n",
+ "G=6.67*pow(10,-11) # Gravitational constant\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Since N is the neutral point; GMm/r² = 4GMm/(6R-r)² and we get\n",
+ "r=2*R\n",
+ "# The mechanical energy at the surface of M is; Et = m(v^2)/2 - GMm/R - 4GMm/5R\n",
+ "# The mechanical energy at N is; En = -GMm/2R - 4GMm/4R\n",
+ "# From the principle of conservation of mechanical energy; Et = En and we get\n",
+ "v_sqr=2*((4/5)-(1/2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Minimum speed of the projectile to reach the surface of the second sphere =\",\"(\",round(v_sqr,5),\"GM/R\",\")\",\"^(1/2)\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.5 , page : 195 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 5,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "(i) Mass of Mars = 6.475139697520706e+23 kg\n",
+ "(ii) Period of revolution of Mars = 684.0033777694376 days\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "Ï€=3.14 # Constant pi\n",
+ "G=6.67*pow(10,-11) # Gravitational constant\n",
+ "R=9.4*pow(10,3) # Orbital radius of Mars in km\n",
+ "T=459*60\n",
+ "Te=365 # Period of revolution of Earth\n",
+ "r=1.52 # Ratio of Rms/Res, where Rms is the mars-sun distance and Res is the earth-sun distance. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# (i) \n",
+ "R=R*pow(10,3)\n",
+ "# Using Kepler's 3rd law:T²=4π²(R^3)/GMm\n",
+ "Mm=(4*pow(Ï€,2)*pow(R,3))/(G*pow(T,2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# (ii)\n",
+ "# Using Kepler's 3rd law: Tm²/Te² = (Rms^3/Res^3)\n",
+ "Tm=pow(r,(3/2))*365\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"(i) Mass of Mars =\",Mm,\"kg\")\n",
+ "print(\"(ii) Period of revolution of Mars =\",Tm,\"days\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.6 , page : 195 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 6,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Mass of the Earth = 5.967906881559221e+24 kg\n",
+ "Mass of the Earth = 6.017752855396305e+24 kg\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "g=9.81 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "G=6.67*pow(10,-11) # Gravitational constant\n",
+ "Re=6.37*pow(10,6) # Radius of Earth in m\n",
+ "R=3.84*pow(10,8) # Distance of Moon from Earth in m\n",
+ "T=27.3 # Period of revolution of Moon in days\n",
+ "Ï€=3.14 # Constant pi\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# I Method\n",
+ "# Using Newton's 2nd law of motion:g = F/m = GMe/Re²\n",
+ "Me1=(g*pow(Re,2))/G\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# II Method\n",
+ "# Using Kepler's 3rd law: T²= 4π²(R^3)/GMe\n",
+ "T1=T*24*60*60\n",
+ "Me2=(4*pow(Ï€,2)*pow(R,3))/(G*pow(T1,2))\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Mass of the Earth =\",Me1,\"kg\")\n",
+ "print(\"Mass of the Earth =\",Me2,\"kg\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.7 , page : 195 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 7,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Period of revolution of Moon = 27.5 days\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "k=pow(10,-13) # A constant = 4π² / GME\n",
+ "Re=3.84*pow(10,5) # Distance of the Moon from the Earth in m\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "k=pow(10,-13)*(pow(1/(24*60*60),2))*(1/pow((1/1000),3))\n",
+ "T2=k*pow(Re,3)\n",
+ "T=math.sqrt(T2) # Period of revolution of Moon in days\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Period of revolution of Moon =\",round(T,1),\"days\")"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "markdown",
+ "metadata": {},
+ "source": [
+ "## Example 8.8 , page : 196 "
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 8,
+ "metadata": {
+ "collapsed": false
+ },
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "Change in Kinetic Energy = 3124485000.0 J\n",
+ "Change in Potential Energy = 6248970000.0 J\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Importing module\n",
+ "\n",
+ "import math\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Variable declaration\n",
+ "\n",
+ "m=400 # Mass of satellite in kg\n",
+ "Re=6.37*pow(10,6) # Radius of Earth in m\n",
+ "g=9.81 # Acceleration due to gravity\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Calculation\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Change in energy is E=Ef-Ei\n",
+ "ΔE=(g*m*Re)/8 # Change in Total energy\n",
+ "# Since Potential Energy is twice as the change in Total Energy (V = Vf - Vi)\n",
+ "ΔV=2*ΔE # Change in Potential Energy in J\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Result\n",
+ "\n",
+ "print(\"Change in Kinetic Energy =\",round(ΔE,4),\"J\")\n",
+ "print(\"Change in Potential Energy =\",round(ΔV,4),\"J\")"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "Python 3",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "python3"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.4.3"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 0
+}
diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(50)_1.png b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(50)_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..086d0a97 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(50)_1.png diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(51)_1.png b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(51)_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..6efb5e96 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(51)_1.png diff --git a/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(52)_1.png b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(52)_1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000..3b4bbe23 --- /dev/null +++ b/Physics_Textbook_Part-I_for_class_XI_by_NCERT_by_Chief_Editor_-_Naresh_Yadav/screenshots/Screenshot_(52)_1.png diff --git a/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch3.ipynb b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch3.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e7d3c7d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch3.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,537 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:5da19df02b27c4cac3417f04cccf7af3cbc7e591ffe4f1128603d1edc459b37f" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 3 : Transmission Lines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.1 Page No : 4" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "\n", + "#Given:\n", + "Z_ch = 100 #in ohms\n", + "S = 5 #VSWR (unitless)\n", + "\n", + "#calclations\n", + "Z = Z_ch*S \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'The terminating impedence =',Z, 'ohms'\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The terminating impedence = 500 ohms\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.2 Page No : 5" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "#Given\n", + "e = 2.718\n", + "R = 8\n", + "f = 2000 #in ohm/kilometer\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "L = 2*10**-3 #in henry/kilometer\n", + "C = 0.002*10**-6 #in farad/kilometer\n", + "G = 0.07*10**-6 #second/kilometer\n", + " #in hertz\n", + " #Since [w=2*(pi)*f] & [Zch={(R+jwL)/(G+jwC)}**0.5]\n", + "w = 2*math.pi*f #in radians\n", + " #Z_ch=((R+(w*L)j)/(G+(w*C)j))**0.5 #computing characteristic impedance\n", + "Z_ch = (complex(R,w*L)/complex(G,w*C))**0.5 #computing characteristic impedance\n", + "y = Z_ch\n", + "a = y.real #atteneuation consmath.tant\n", + "b = y.imag #phase consmath.tant\n", + "V_in = 2 #in volts\n", + "l = 500 #in kilometers\n", + "Z_in = Z_ch #Since line terminated at its char. imped. so, Z_in=Z_ch=Z(load)\n", + "I_s = V_in/Z_in\n", + "Imag = (((((I_s).real)**2)+(((I_s).imag)**2))**0.5)*10**3 #in milliampere\n", + "Iang = math.atan((I_s).imag/(I_s).real)*(180/math.pi) #in degrees\n", + "I = Imag*e**-1.99 #I=Is*e**-yl\n", + "P = I*I*(Z_ch).real\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output--#\n", + "print \"Characteristic impedance (in ohms) =\",Z_ch,4\n", + "print \"Atteneuation constant (in NP/km) =\",round(a,4)\n", + "print \"Phase constant (in radian/km) =\",round(b,4)\n", + " #P(power delivered)=I*I*REAL(Z_ch)\n", + "\n", + "print \"Power delivered to load (in microwatt =\",round(P,4),\")\"\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Characteristic impedance (in ohms) = (1012.50018135-155.813417548j) 4\n", + "Atteneuation constant (in NP/km) = 1012.5002\n", + "Phase constant (in radian/km) = -155.8134\n", + "Power delivered to load (in microwatt = 72.1418 )\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.3 Page No : 13" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "b = 0.02543 #in rad/km\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calulations\n", + "w = 4*math.pi*10**3 #in rad/sec\n", + "V_p = w/b # phase velocity\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print \"Phase velocity (in km/sec) =\",round(V_p,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Phase velocity (in km/sec) = 494155.3525\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.4 Page No : 18" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f = 37.5*10**6 #frequency(in hertz)\n", + "wl = (3*10**8)/f #wavelength (in meters)\n", + "Z_l = 100 #in ohms\n", + "Z_o = 200 #in ohms\n", + "l = 5*wl/4 #length of line (in meters)\n", + "b = 2*math.pi/wl\n", + " #At generator end,\n", + "Z_i = Z_o*(complex(Z_l,Z_o*math.tan(b*l))/complex(Z_o,Z_l*math.tan(b*l)))\n", + "V_s = 200*Z_i / 200 + Z_i\n", + "I_s = 200/(200+Z_i)\n", + "P_avg = V_s*I_s #in watts\n", + "I_load=(P_avg/Z_l)**0.5 #in amps\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print \"Current drawn from generator(in amps) =\",round((I_s).real,4)\n", + " #for a lossless line , P(avg)*I_input=P(avg)*I_load\n", + "\n", + "print \"Power delivered to load (in watts) =\",round((P_avg).real,4)\n", + " #Real(Vs*Is)=Real(Vs*I_load)\n", + "\n", + "print \"Current flowing in load (in amps) =\",round((I_load).real,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Current drawn from generator(in amps) = 0.3333\n", + "Power delivered to load (in watts) = 266.6667\n", + "Current flowing in load (in amps) = 1.633\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.5 Page No : 22" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Z_o = 50 #in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f = 300*10**6 #in Hz\n", + "Z_l = complex(50,50) #in ohms\n", + "wl =(3*10**8)/f #wavelength(in meters)\n", + "P =((Z_l-Z_o)/(Z_l+Z_o))\n", + "P_mag = (((P).real**2)+((P).imag**2))**0.5\n", + "P_ang = math.atan((P).imag/(P).real)*180/math.pi #in degrees\n", + "S = (1+P_mag)/(1-P_mag)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print \"Reflection coefficient =\",P\n", + "print \"Magnitude of reflection coeffcient =\",round(P_mag,4)\n", + "print \"Angle (in degree) =\",round(P_ang,4)\n", + "print \"VSWR =\",round(S,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Reflection coefficient = (0.2+0.4j)\n", + "Magnitude of reflection coeffcient = 0.4472\n", + "Angle (in degree) = 63.4349\n", + "VSWR = 2.618\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.6 Page No : 25" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "import numpy\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Z_l = 100. #in ohms\n", + "Z_o = 600. #in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calcuations\n", + "f = 100.*10**6 #in Hz\n", + "wl = complex((3.*10**8)/f)\n", + " #Position of stub is :\n", + "m = complex((Z_l*Z_o)/(Z_l-Z_o))**0.5\n", + "\n", + "pos = (wl/(2*math.pi))*math.atan((Z_l/Z_o)**0.5) #in meters\n", + "\n", + "l = (wl/(2*math.pi))*(numpy.arctan(m)) #in meters\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print \"Position of stub (in meters) =\",(pos)\n", + "print \"Length of stub (in meters) =\",(abs(l))\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "##### m is a complex number hence can not take its atan #####\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Position of stub (in meters) = (0.185063785822+0j)\n", + "Length of stub (in meters) = 0.751272516719\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.7 Page No : 28" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Z_o = 50\n", + "S = 3.2\n", + "X_min = 0.23 #in terms of wavelength(wl))\n", + " #So :\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Z_l = Z_o*(complex(1,-S*math.tan(2*math.pi*X_min))/complex(S,-math.tan(2*math.pi*X_min))) #in ohms\n", + "Z_lmag = (((Z_l).real**2)+((Z_l).imag**2))**0.5\n", + "Z_lang = math.tan((Z_l).imag/(Z_l).real)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print \"The load impedance\"\n", + "print \"magnitude (in ohms) =\",round(Z_lmag,4)\n", + "print \"angle (in degrees) =\",round(Z_lang*180/math.pi,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "The load impedance\n", + "magnitude (in ohms) = 148.4532\n", + "angle (in degrees) = -21.5039\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.8 Page No : 32" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "#---varibles--#\n", + "Z_o = 50 #in ohms\n", + "Z_l = 100 #in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f = 300*10**3 #in Hz\n", + "P_l = 50*10**(-3) #in watts\n", + "wl = (3*10**8)/f\n", + "p =(Z_l-Z_o)/(Z_l+Z_o)\n", + "S =(1+abs(p))/(1-abs(p))\n", + " #Since real Zl > Zo , \n", + "pos = wl/4\n", + "V_max = (P_l*Z_l)**0.5\n", + "V_min = V_max/S\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print \"VSWR =\",round(S,4)\n", + "print \"First Vmax is located --->at the load \"\n", + "print \"First Vmin is located at --->(wavelength/4)= \",round(pos,4),\"(in meters)\"\n", + "print \"Vmax (in volts) =\",round(V_max,4)\n", + "print \"Vmin (in volts) =\",round(V_min,4)\n", + "print \"Zin at Vmin (in ohms) =:\",round(Z_o/S,4)\n", + "print \"Zin at Vmax (in ohms) =\",round(Z_o*S,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "VSWR = 1.0\n", + "First Vmax is located --->at the load \n", + "First Vmin is located at --->(wavelength/4)= 250.0 (in meters)\n", + "Vmax (in volts) = 2.2361\n", + "Vmin (in volts) = 2.2361\n", + "Zin at Vmin (in ohms) =: 50.0\n", + "Zin at Vmax (in ohms) = 50.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.9 Page No : 37" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Z_o = 600. #in ohm\n", + "Z_s = 50. #in ohm\n", + "l = 200. #in meter\n", + "Z_l = 500. #in ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p = (Z_l-Z_o)/(Z_l+Z_o)\n", + "ref_los = 10*(math.log(1/(1-(abs(p))**2)))/(math.log(10)) #in dB\n", + "tran_los = ref_los\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "\n", + "print \"Reflection loss (in dB) =\",round(ref_los,4)\n", + " #attenuation loss= 0 dB\n", + " #Transmisson loss = (attenuation loss)+(reflection loss) = (reflection loss)\n", + "\n", + "print \"Transmisson loss (in dB) =\",round(tran_los,4)\n", + "ret_los=10*((math.log(abs(p)))/(math.log(10)))\n", + "print \"Return loss(in dB) =\",round(ret_los,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Reflection loss (in dB) = 0.036\n", + "Transmisson loss (in dB) = 0.036\n", + "Return loss(in dB) = -10.4139\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 3.10 Page No : 45" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#variables\n", + "e=2.718\n", + "f=1000 #in Hz\n", + "l=10000 #in meters\n", + "Z_sc=complex(2631,1289) #in ohms\n", + "Z_oc=complex(221,-137) #in ohms\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Z_o=(Z_sc*Z_oc)**0.5\n", + "Z_mag=((Z_o).real**2+(Z_o).imag**2)**0.5\n", + "Z_ang=(math.atan(((Z_o).imag)/(Z_o).real))*180/math.pi\n", + "x=((Z_oc/Z_sc)**0.5)\n", + " #x=math.tanh(v*l)\n", + " #As, math.tanh(t)=[e**t-e**-t]/[e**t+e**-t]\n", + "v=complex(261,2988)/l\n", + "a=(v).real\n", + "b=(v).imag\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#output\n", + "print \"Characteristic impedance (in ohms) =\",round(Z_mag,4)\n", + "print \"Angle (in degrees) =\",round(Z_ang,4)\n", + "print \"Phase velocity (in meter per sec.) =\",round(2*math.pi*f/b,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Characteristic impedance (in ohms) = 872.8129\n", + "Angle (in degrees) = -2.8468\n", + "Phase velocity (in meter per sec.) = 21028.0633\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch4.ipynb b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch4.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8b0dac47 --- /dev/null +++ b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch4.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,1181 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:02722fb266045ae58b797195e743ca538045a5c841f2d244ad349840a5c3f84f" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 4 : Microwaves Transmission Lines" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.1 Page No : 66" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given:\n", + "d = 0.49 #in cm\n", + "D = 1.1 #in cm\n", + "e_r = 2.3\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "c = 3*10**8 #in meter/second\n", + "L = 2*(10**-7)*math.log(D/d) #in Henry/meter\n", + "C = 55.56*(10**-12)*(e_r)/math.log(D/d) #in farad/meter\n", + "R_o = (60/math.sqrt(e_r)) *math.log(D/d) #in ohms\n", + "v = c/math.sqrt(e_r) #in meter/second\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Inducmath.tance per unit length(in H/m) =',round(L,4)\n", + "print 'Capacimath.tance per unit length(in F/m) =',round(C,4)\n", + "print 'Characteristic Impedance (in ohms) =',round(R_o,4)\n", + "print 'Velocity of propagation (in m/s)=',round(v,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Inducmath.tance per unit length(in H/m) = 0.0\n", + "Capacimath.tance per unit length(in F/m) = 0.0\n", + "Characteristic Impedance (in ohms) = 31.9929\n", + "Velocity of propagation (in m/s)= 197814142.019\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.2 Page No : 67" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "R = 0.05 #in ohms\n", + "G = 0\n", + "l = 50 #in meter\n", + "e = 2.3 #dielectric consmath.tant\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "c = 3*10**8 #in m/s\n", + "L = 2*(10**(-7)) #from Exa:4.1\n", + "C = 1.58*(10**(-10)) #from Exa:4.1\n", + "P_in = 480 #in watts\n", + "f = 3*10**9 #in hertz\n", + "Z_o = math.sqrt(L/C)\n", + "a = R/Z_o #in Np/m\n", + "b = 2*math.pi*f*math.sqrt(L*C) #in rad/m\n", + "V_p = 1/math.sqrt(L*C)\n", + "e_r = (c/V_p)**2\n", + "P_loss = P_in*2*l\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Atteneuation (in Np/m) =',round(a,4)\n", + "print 'Phase consmath.tant (in rad/m) =',round(b,4)\n", + "print 'Phase velocity (in m/s) =',round(V_p,4)\n", + "print 'Relative permittivity =',round(e_r,4)\n", + "print 'Power loss (in watts) =',round(P_loss,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Atteneuation (in Np/m) = 0.0014\n", + "Phase consmath.tant (in rad/m) = 105.9607\n", + "Phase velocity (in m/s) = 177892016.741\n", + "Relative permittivity = 2.844\n", + "Power loss (in watts) = 48000.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.3 Page No : 69" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given \n", + "a = 2.42 #in cm\n", + "x = 2.3 #x=(b/a)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculation\n", + "P_bd = 3600*a**2*math.log(x) #in kilowatts\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Breakdown Power (in kW) =',round(P_bd,4)\n", + "\n", + "#answer in book is wrongly written as 398 kW.\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Breakdown Power (in kW) = 17560.2564\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.4 Page No : 74" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "b = 0.3175 #in cm\n", + "d = 0.0539 #in cm\n", + "c = 3*10**8 #in m/s\n", + "e_r = 2.32\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Z_o = 60*math.log(4*b/(math.pi*d))/math.sqrt(e_r) #in ohms\n", + "V_p = c/math.sqrt(e_r) #in m/s\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =',round(Z_o,4)\n", + "print 'Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =',round(V_p,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) = 79.3713\n", + "Velocity of propagation (in m/s) = 196959649.29\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.5 Page No : 79" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "e_r = 9.7\n", + "c = 3*10**8 #in m/s\n", + "r_1 = 0.5 #when ratio: (W/h)=0.5\n", + "r_2 = 5 #when ratio: (W/h)=5\n", + " #For W/h ratio=0.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "e_eff_1 = (e_r+1)/2+((e_r-1)/2)*(1/(math.sqrt(1+12*(1/r_1))+0.04*(1-r_1)))\n", + "Z_o_1 = 60*math.log(8/r_1+r_1/4)/math.sqrt(e_eff_1)\n", + "v_1 = c/math.sqrt(e_eff_1)\n", + "e_eff_2 = (e_r+1)/2+((e_r-1)/2)*(1/(math.sqrt(1+12*(1/r_2))))\n", + "Z_o_2 = 120*math.pi*(1/(r_2+1.393+0.667*math.log(1.444+r_2)))/math.sqrt(e_eff_2)\n", + "v_2 = c/math.sqrt(e_eff_2)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print \"For W/h=0.5 ,\"\n", + "print 'Effective dielectric consmath.tant =',round(e_eff_1,4)\n", + "print 'Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =',round(Z_o_1,4)\n", + "print 'Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =',round(v_1)\n", + " #For W/h ratio=5\n", + "print \"For W/h=5,\";\n", + "print 'Effective dielectric consmath.tant =',round(e_eff_2,4)\n", + "print 'Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) =',round(Z_o_2,4)\n", + "print 'Velocity of propagation (in m/s) =',round(v_2,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "For W/h=0.5 ,\n", + "Effective dielectric consmath.tant = 6.2165\n", + "Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) = 66.9083\n", + "Velocity of propagation (in m/s) = 120322571.0\n", + "For W/h=5,\n", + "Effective dielectric consmath.tant = 9.7\n", + "Charcteristic impedance (in ohms) = 15.8524\n", + "Velocity of propagation (in m/s) = 96324194.8602\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.6 Page No : 84" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + " #For TE Wave propagated:\n", + " #for Recmath.tangular , taking (a=2b)\n", + "r = 100 #assume\n", + " #for TE11, wavelength=2*pi*r/1.841\n", + " #for TE10, wavelength=2a\n", + "#calculations\n", + "a = (2*math.pi*r/1.841)/2\n", + "ar_rec_TE = (a)*(a/2)\n", + "ar_cir_TE = math.pi*r**2\n", + "ratio_TE = (ar_cir_TE)/(ar_rec_TE)\n", + "b = (2.6155*r)/1.78885\n", + "ar_rec_TM = (b)*(b)\n", + "ar_cir_TM = math.pi*r**2\n", + "ratio_TM = (ar_cir_TM)/(ar_rec_TM)\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TE) =',round(ratio_TE,4)\n", + " #For TM Wave propagated:\n", + " #for Recmath.tangular , taking (a=2b)\n", + " #for TE01, wavelength=2.6155*r\n", + " #for TE11, wavelength=4b/math.sqrt(5)\n", + "\n", + "print 'Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TM) =',round(ratio_TM,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TE) = 2.1577\n", + "Ratio of Circular & Rectangular coss-section area (in TM) = 1.4696\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.7 Page No : 89" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "f = 9*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_g = 4 #in m\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "wl_c = (math.sqrt(1-((wl_o/wl_g)**2))/wl_o)**(-1)\n", + "b = wl_c/4\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Breadth of rectangular waveguide (in cm) =',round(b,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Breadth of rectangular waveguide (in cm) = 0.75\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.8 Page No : 96" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "a = 10 #in cm\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_c = 2*a #in cm\n", + "f = 2.5*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "wl_g = wl_o/(math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2)) #in cm\n", + "V_p = c/(math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2))\n", + "V_g = c**2/V_p\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Cut-off wavelength (in cm) =',round(wl_c,4)\n", + "print 'Guide wavelength (in cm) =',round(wl_g,4)\n", + "print 'Phase velocity (in cm/s) =',round(V_p,4)\n", + "print 'Group velocity (in cm/s) =',round(V_g,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cut-off wavelength (in cm) = 20.0\n", + "Guide wavelength (in cm) = 15.0\n", + "Phase velocity (in cm/s) = 37500000000.0\n", + "Group velocity (in cm/s) = 24000000000.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.9 Page No : 102" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + " #For TE mode:\n", + "\n", + "a = 2.5 #in cm\n", + "b = 1 #in cm\n", + "f = 8.6*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "wl_c_1 = 2*b #for TE01\n", + "wl_c_2 = 2*a #for TE10\n", + "f_c = c/wl_c_2\n", + "wl_c_3 = 2*a*b/math.sqrt(a**2+b**2) #for TE11 & TM11\n", + "wl_g_TE10 = wl_o/(math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c_2)**2)) #for TE10\n", + "wl_c_TM11 = wl_c_3;\n", + "wl_g_TM11 = wl_o/(math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c_2)**2)) #for TM11\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Only TE10 mode is possible'\n", + "print 'Cut-off frequency(in Hz) =',round(f_c,4)\n", + "print wl_g_TE10,'Guide wavelength for TE10 (in cm) =',round(wl_g_TE10,4)\n", + " #For TM mode:\n", + "print 'TM11 also propagates'\n", + "print 'Guide wavelength for TM11 (in cm) =',round(wl_g_TM11,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Only TE10 mode is possible\n", + "Cut-off frequency(in Hz) = 6000000000.0\n", + "4.86920604871 Guide wavelength for TE10 (in cm) = 4.8692\n", + "TM11 also propagates\n", + "Guide wavelength for TM11 (in cm) = 4.8692\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.10 Page No : 105" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "wl_c = 10 #in cm \n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r = wl_c/(2*math.pi/1.841) #in cm\n", + "area = math.pi*r**2 #in sq. cm\n", + "f_c = c/wl_c\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Radius of circular waveguide(in cm) =',round(r,4)\n", + "print 'Area of cross-section of circular waveguide(in cm) =',round(area,4)\n", + "print 'Frequency above',round(f_c,4),'can be propagated'\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Radius of circular waveguide(in cm) = 2.93\n", + "Area of cross-section of circular waveguide(in cm) = 26.971\n", + "Frequency above 3000000000.0 can be propagated\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.11 Page No : 106" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "a = 4 #in cm\n", + "b = 3 #in cm \n", + "f = 5*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_o = c/f \n", + "\n", + " #For TE waves:\n", + "wl_c_TE01 = 2*b #for TE01\n", + "wl_c_TE10 = 2*a #for TE10\n", + "wl_c_TE11 = 2*a*b/math.sqrt(a**2+b**2) #for TE11\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---logic---#\n", + "if(wl_c_TE01>wl_o):\n", + " print 'TE01 can propagate'\n", + "else:\n", + " print 'TE01 cannot propagate'\n", + "\n", + "if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o):\n", + " print 'TE10 can propagate'\n", + "else:\n", + " print 'TE10 cannot propagate'\n", + "\n", + "if(wl_c_TE11>wl_o):\n", + " print 'TE11 can propagate'\n", + "else:\n", + " print 'TE11 cannot propagate'\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "TE01 cannot propagate\n", + "TE10 can propagate\n", + "TE11 cannot propagate\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.12 Page No : 107" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "d = 4 #in cm\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "r = d/2 #in cm\n", + "wl_c = 2*math.pi*r/1.841 #in cm\n", + "f_c = c/wl_c \n", + "f_signal = 5*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "wl_o = c/f_signal \n", + "wl_g = wl_o/math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Cut-off wavelength (in cm) =',round(wl_c,4)\n", + "print 'Cut-off frequency (in Hz) =',round(f_c,4)\n", + "print 'Guide wavelength (in cm) =',round(wl_g,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cut-off wavelength (in cm) = 6.8258\n", + "Cut-off frequency (in Hz) = 4395063753.48\n", + "Guide wavelength (in cm) = 12.5839\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.14 Page No : 115" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "a = 5 #in cm\n", + "b = 2.5 #in cm\n", + "wl_o = 4.5 #in cm\n", + " #For TE10 mode:\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_c = 2*a \n", + "wl_g = wl_o/math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2) \n", + "V_p = c/math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2) \n", + "w = 2*math.pi*c/wl_o \n", + "w_c = 2*math.pi*c/wl_c\n", + "b = math.sqrt(w**2-w_c**2)/c\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Guide wavelength (in cm) =',round(wl_g,4)\n", + "print 'Phase consmath.tant =',round(b,4)\n", + "print 'Phase velocity (in cm/s) =',round(V_p,4)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#answer in book is wrongly written as guide wavelength =7.803 cm\n", + "#answer in book is wrongly written as Phase velocity = 5.22*10**10 cm/s\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Guide wavelength (in cm) = 5.039\n", + "Phase consmath.tant = 1.2469\n", + "Phase velocity (in cm/s) = 33593550657.4\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.15 Page No : 121" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "wl_c_TE10 = 16 #Critical wavelength of TE10\n", + "wl_c_TM11 = 7.16 #Critical wavelength of TM11\n", + "wl_c_TM21 = 5.6 #Critical wavelength of TM21\n", + " #For (i): 10 cm\n", + "wl_o = 10 #in cm\n", + "\n", + "wl_o=5 #in cm\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---logic---#\n", + "print 'For free space wavelength (in cm) =',round(wl_o,4)\n", + "if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o):\n", + " print ' TE10 can propagate'\n", + "else:\n", + " print ' TE10 cannot propagate'\n", + "\n", + "if(wl_c_TM11>wl_o):\n", + " print ' TM11 can propagate'\n", + "else:\n", + " print ' TM11 cannot propagate'\n", + "\n", + "if(wl_c_TM21>wl_o):\n", + " print ' TM21 can propagate'\n", + "else:\n", + " print ' TM21 cannot propagate'\n", + "\n", + " #For (ii): 5 cm\n", + "\n", + "print ('For free space wavelength (in cm) =',round(wl_o)) \n", + "if(wl_c_TE10>wl_o):\n", + " print (' TE10 can propagate')\n", + "else:\n", + " print (' TE10 cannot propagate')\n", + "\n", + "if(wl_c_TM11>wl_o):\n", + " print (' TM11 can propagate')\n", + "else:\n", + " print (' TM11 cannot propagate')\n", + "\n", + "if(wl_c_TM21>wl_o):\n", + " print (' TM21 can propagate')\n", + "else:\n", + " print (' TM21 cannot propagate')\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "For free space wavelength (in cm) = 5.0\n", + " TE10 can propagate\n", + " TM11 can propagate\n", + " TM21 can propagate\n", + "('For free space wavelength (in cm) =', 5.0)\n", + " TE10 can propagate\n", + " TM11 can propagate\n", + " TM21 can propagate\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.16 Page No : 126" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "f = 10*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "a = 3 #in cm\n", + "b = 2 #in cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "n = 120 * math.pi\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "wl_c = 2*a*b/math.sqrt(a**2+b**2)\n", + "Z_TM = round(n*math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2),4)\n", + "\n", + "#output\n", + "print 'Characteristic impedance (in ohms) =', Z_TM\n", + "\n", + "#answer in book is wrongly written as 61.618 ohms\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Characteristic impedance (in ohms) = 163.2419\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 18 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.17 Page No : 134" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "f = 6*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f_c = 0.8*f\n", + "wl_c = c/f_c\n", + "D = round(1.841*(wl_c/math.pi),4)\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "wl_g = round(wl_o/math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2),4)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#output\n", + "print 'Diameter of waveguide (in cm) =', D\n", + "print 'Guide wavelength (in cm) =', wl_g\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Diameter of waveguide (in cm) = 3.6626\n", + "Guide wavelength (in cm) = 8.3333\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 19 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.18 Page No : 142" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "a = 1.5 #in cm\n", + "b = 1 #in cm\n", + "e_r = 4 #dielectric\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_c = 2*b\n", + "f_c = c/wl_c\n", + "f_imp = 6*10**9 #impressed frequency (in Hz)\n", + "wl_air = c/f_imp\n", + "\n", + " #Inserting dielectric:\n", + "wl_dielec = wl_air/math.sqrt(e_r)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---logic--#\n", + "if(wl_dielec > wl_c):\n", + " print ' TE01 can propagate'\n", + "else:\n", + " print ' TE01 cannot propagate'\n", + "\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + " TE01 can propagate\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 20 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.19 Page No : 148" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "u = 4*math.pi*10**-7\n", + "e = 8.85*10**-12\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "f = 6*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "a = 1.5 #in cm\n", + "b = 1 #in cm\n", + " #For TE10 mode:\n", + "m = 1\n", + "n = 0\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_c = 2*a\n", + "f_c = c/wl_c\n", + "t_1 = (m*math.pi/a)**2\n", + "t_2 = (n*math.pi/b)**2\n", + "t_3 = (((2*math.pi*f)**2)*u*e)\n", + "a = math.sqrt(abs(t_1+t_2-t_3)) #in neper/m\n", + " # variable t_1+t_2-t_3 is negative. So I changed the sign to calculate sqrt.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Attenuation (in dB/m) =', round(a*20 / math.log(10),4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Attenuation (in dB/m) = 1091.8468\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 21 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.20 Page No : 149" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "f = 9*10**9 #inHz\n", + "a = 3 #in cm\n", + "b = 1 #in cm\n", + "E_max = 3000 #in V/cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "wl_c = 2*a #in TE10\n", + "wl_g = round(wl_o/math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2))\n", + "P_max = (6.63*10**-4)*E_max**2*a*b*(wl_o/wl_g)\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Maximum power for rectangular waveguide (in kilowatts)=', round(P_max/1000, 4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Maximum power for rectangular waveguide (in kilowatts)= 17.901\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 22 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.21 Page No : 150" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "f = 9*10**9 #inHz\n", + "E_max = 300 #in V/cm\n", + "d = 5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + " #For TE11\n", + "wl_c = d*math.pi/1.841\n", + "wl_g = wl_o/math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2)\n", + "P_max = 0.498*E_max**2*d**2*(wl_o/wl_g)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Maximum power (in watts) =',round(P_max,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Maximum power (in watts) = 1048954.2981\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 23 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.22 Page No : 156" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "c = 3.*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "f = 30.*10**9 #inHz\n", + "a = 1. #in cm\n", + "b = 1.\n", + "P_max = 746. #in watts\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "wl_c = 2*a\n", + "Z = 120*math.pi/math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2)\n", + "E_max = math.sqrt(P_max*4*Z/(a*b/10000))\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Peak value of electric field (in kV/m) =',round(E_max/1000,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Peak value of electric field (in kV/m) = 113.9724\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 25 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.23 Page No : 163" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given: \n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "a = 2.3 #in cm\n", + "b = 1 #in cm\n", + "f = 9.375*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "P_bd_TE11 = 597 * 2.3 * 1 * (1-(wl_o/(2*a))**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Breakdown power for dominant mode (in kW) =',round(P_bd_TE11,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Breakdown power for dominant mode (in kW) = 986.4059\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 26 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 4.24 Page No : 166" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given: \n", + "d = 5 #in cm\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "f = 9*10**9 #inHz\n", + " #Dominant mode is TE11:\n", + "#calculations\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "wl_c = math.pi*d/1.841\n", + "f_c = c/wl_c\n", + "P_bd_TE11 = 1790*(d/2)**2*(1-(f_c/f)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Breakdown power (in kW) =',round(P_bd_TE11/1000,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Breakdown power (in kW) = 6.591\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 27 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch5.ipynb b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch5.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0cc5d39 --- /dev/null +++ b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch5.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,204 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:aa05d3b801e5c6bc9c434761fec64832634ba5c396ae452adbd18dc37a932cd9" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 5 : Cavity Resonators" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.1 Page No : 180" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given: \n", + "a = 3 #in cm\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "f = 10*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "P_01 = 2.405\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "d = math.pi/math.sqrt(f**2*4*math.pi**2/c**2-(P_01/a)**2)\n", + "\n", + "#output\n", + "print 'Minimum distance (in cm) =', round(d,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum distance (in cm) = 1.6236\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.2 Page No : 183" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given: \n", + "c = 3.*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "a = 2. #in cm\n", + "b = 1. #in cm\n", + "d = 3. #in cm\n", + "m = 1.\n", + "n = 0\n", + "p = 1.\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f=(c/2)*((m/a)**2+(n/b)**2+(p/d)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Dominant mode is TE101'\n", + "print 'Lowest resonant frequency(in GHz) =',round(f/10**9,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Dominant mode is TE101\n", + "Lowest resonant frequency(in GHz) = 9.0139\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.3 Page No : 184" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given:\n", + "d = 12.5 #diameter(in cm)\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "l = 5 #length(in cm)\n", + "\n", + " #For TM012 mode:\n", + "n = 0\n", + "m = 1\n", + "p = 2\n", + "P = 2.405\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "a = d/2\n", + "f = (c/(2*math.pi))*((P/a)**2+(p*math.pi/d)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Resonant frequency (in GHz) =',round(f/10**9,4)\n", + "\n", + "#Answer in book in wrongly given as 6.27GHz \n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resonant frequency (in GHz) = 3.0225\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 5.4 Page No : 191" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given:\n", + "c = 3.*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "a = 3. #in cm\n", + "b = 2. #in cm\n", + "d = 4. #in cm\n", + "#For TE101:\n", + "m = 1.\n", + "n = 0\n", + "p = 1.\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f = (c/2)*((m/a)**2+(n/b)**2+(p/d)**2)**0.5\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Resonant frequency(in GHz) =',round(f/10**9,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Resonant frequency(in GHz) = 6.25\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch6.ipynb b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch6.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..57085808 --- /dev/null +++ b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch6.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,523 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:8e00413bfc7a32f9462043bc0306d2b727b39c9d5a7f565f60201529b83b4788" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 6 : Microwave Components" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.2 Page No : 200" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "Beeta = 34.3 #in rad/m\n", + "# S=[0,0.5*math.e**(%i*53.13);0.5*math.e**(%i*53.13),0];\n", + "# S'=[0,0.5*math.e**(%i*53.13-x);0.5*math.e**(%i*53.13-x),0];\n", + "#For S12& S21 to be real ,\n", + "x = 53.5 #in degrees\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "x_rad = 53.5*math.pi/180\n", + "l = x_rad/Beeta\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'distance (in cm)=',round(l*100,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "distance (in cm)= 2.7223\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.3 Page No : 205" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "D = 30 #in dB\n", + "VSWR = 1\n", + "C = 10\n", + " #p1_p4 = p1/p4\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p1_p4 = 10**(C/-10)\n", + "S_41 = round(math.sqrt(p1_p4),4)\n", + "S_14 = S_41 #As matched & lossless\n", + "S_31 = round(S_41**2/10**(D/10),4)\n", + "S_11 = round((VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1),4)\n", + "S_22 = S_11\n", + "S_44 = S_11\n", + "S_33 = S_11\n", + "S_21 = round(math.sqrt(1-0.1-10**-4),4)\n", + "S_12 = S_21\n", + "S_34 = round(math.sqrt(1-0.1-10**-4),4)\n", + "S_43 = S_34\n", + "S_24 = round(math.sqrt(1-0.1-S_34**2),4)\n", + "S_42 = S_24\n", + "S_23 = S_41\n", + "S_32 = S_23\n", + "S_13 = S_31\n", + "S=[[S_11,S_12,S_13,S_14],[S_21,S_22,S_23,S_24],[S_31,S_32,S_33,S_34],[S_41,S_42,S_43,S_44]]\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Required Scattering Parameters are \\n', S\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Required Scattering Parameters are \n", + "[[0.0, 0.9486, 0.0001, 0.3162], [0.9486, 0.0, 0.3162, 0.0126], [0.0001, 0.3162, 0.0, 0.9486], [0.3162, 0.0126, 0.9486, 0.0]]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.4 Page No : 206" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "a_2 = 0\n", + "a_3 = 0\n", + "a_1 = 32 #in mW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "b_1 = (a_1/2**2)+(a_2/-2)+(a_3/math.sqrt(2))\n", + "b_2 = (a_1/(-2)**2)+(a_2/-2)+(a_3/math.sqrt(2))\n", + "b_3 = (a_1/2)+(a_2/math.sqrt(2))+(a_3/-math.sqrt(2))\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Power at port1(in mW)=',b_1\n", + "print 'Power at port2(in mW) =',b_2\n", + "print 'Power at port3(in mW) =',b_3\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power at port1(in mW)= 8.0\n", + "Power at port2(in mW) = 8.0\n", + "Power at port3(in mW) = 16.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.5 Page No : 214" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "b_1 = 20\n", + "b_2 = 20\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p_1 = abs((60-50)/(60+50))\n", + "p_2 = abs((75-50)/(75+50))\n", + "P_1 = b_1*(1-p_1**2)/2\n", + "P_2 = b_2*(1-p_2**2)/2\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Power in port1 (in mW) =',round(P_1,4)\n", + "print 'Power in port2 (in mW) =',P_2\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power in port1 (in mW) = 10.0\n", + "Power in port2 (in mW) = 10\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.6 Page No : 222" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "p_1 = 0.5\n", + "p_2 = 0.6\n", + "p_4 = 0.8\n", + "b_1 = 0.6566\n", + "b_2 = 0.7576\n", + "b_3 = 0.6536\n", + "b_4 = 0.00797\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "a_1 = p_1*b_1\n", + "a_2 = p_2*b_2\n", + "a_3 = 1 #in Watts\n", + "a_4 = p_4*b_4\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Power at port 1(in W)=',round(b_1**2,4)\n", + "print 'Power at port 2(in W)=',round(b_2**2,4)\n", + "print 'Power at port 3(in W)=',round(b_3**2,4)\n", + "print 'Power at port 4(in W)=',b_4**2\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power at port 1(in W)= 0.4311\n", + "Power at port 2(in W)= 0.574\n", + "Power at port 3(in W)= 0.4272\n", + "Power at port 4(in W)= 6.35209e-05\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.7 Page No : 227" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "In_loss = 0.5 #in dB\n", + "Isolation = 30 #in dB\n", + "S_11 = 0\n", + "S_22 = 0\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "S_21 = 10**(-In_loss/20) \n", + "S_12 = 10**(-Isolation/20)\n", + "S = [S_11,S_12,S_21,S_22]\n", + "\n", + "#output\n", + "print 'Scattering matrix = [',\n", + "for k in S:\n", + " print round(k,4),\",\" ,\n", + "print ']'\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Scattering matrix = [ 0.0 , 0.01 , 0.9441 , 0.0 , ]\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.9 Page No : 228" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "VSWR = 1\n", + "In_loss = 0.5 #in dB\n", + "Isolation = 20 #in dB\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "S_12 = round(10**(-Isolation/20),4)\n", + "S_21 = round(10**(-In_loss/20),4)\n", + "S_23 = S_12\n", + "S_31 = S_12\n", + "S_32 = S_21\n", + "S_13 = S_21\n", + "p=round((VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1),4)\n", + "S_11 = p\n", + "S_22 = p\n", + "S_33 = p\n", + "S = [S_11,S_12,S_13],[S_21,S_22,S_23],[S_31,S_32,S_33]\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Scattering matrix =',S\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Scattering matrix = ([0.0, 0.1, 0.9441], [0.9441, 0.0, 0.1], [0.1, 0.9441, 0.0])\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.10 Page No : 232" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "In_loss = 0.5 #insertion loss(in dB)\n", + "C = 20 #in dB\n", + "D = 35 #in dB\n", + "Pi = 90 #in Watts\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Pi_Pf = 10**(C/10)\n", + "Pf = Pi/Pi_Pf\n", + "Pf_Pb = 10**(D/10)\n", + "Pb = Pf/Pf_Pb\n", + "P_rec = (Pi-Pf-Pb) #Power received (in Watts)\n", + "P_rec_dB = 10*math.log(Pi/P_rec)/math.log(10)\n", + "P_rec_eff = P_rec_dB-In_loss #Effective power received (in dB)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Effective power received (in dB)=',round(P_rec_eff,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Effective power received (in dB)= -0.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.11 Page No : 239" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "S_13 = 0.1\n", + "S_14 = 0.05\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "C = -20*math.log(S_13)/math.log(10)\n", + "D = 20*math.log(S_13/S_14)/math.log(10)\n", + "I = C+D\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Coupling (in dB) =',round(C,4)\n", + "print 'Directivity (in dB)) =',round(D,4)\n", + "print 'Isolation (in dB) =',round(I,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Coupling (in dB) = 20.0\n", + "Directivity (in dB)) = 6.0206\n", + "Isolation (in dB) = 26.0206\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.12 Page No : 245" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "D=3 #distance of seperation(in cm)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "w_l=2*D #wavelength\n", + "d2_d1=2.5 #d2-d1(in m)\n", + "S=w_l/(math.pi*d2_d1*10**-1)\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'VSWR =',round(S,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "VSWR = 7.6394\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 6.13 Page No : 252" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---variables\n", + "w_l=7.2 #wavelength (in cm)\n", + "x=10.5-9.3\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "Phase_shift=(2*math.pi*x)/(w_l)\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Phase Shift (in degree) =',round(Phase_shift*180/math.pi,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Phase Shift (in degree) = 60.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch7.ipynb b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch7.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..746d79d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch7.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,189 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:bf5e27aec09a7e2fac66ac45f02286ce200d91b5616037191e8baebf0befe768" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 7 : Microwave Measurements" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.1 Page No : 273" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given:\n", + "c = 3*10**10 #in cm/s\n", + "a = 4 #in cm\n", + "b = 2.5 #in cm\n", + "f = 10*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "d = 0.1 #distance between 2 minimum power points(in cm)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "#For TE10 mode:\n", + "wl_c = 2*a\n", + "wl_o = c/f\n", + "wl_g = wl_o/math.sqrt(1-(wl_o/wl_c)**2)\n", + "S = wl_g/(math.pi*d)\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Voltage standing wave ratio =',round(S,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage standing wave ratio = 9.5493\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.2 Page No : 274" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "\n", + "#Given: \n", + "P_i = 300 #in mW\n", + "P_r = 10 #in mW\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p = math.sqrt(P_r/P_i)\n", + "S = (1+p)/(1-p)\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Voltage standing wave ratio =',round(S,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage standing wave ratio = 1.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.3 Page No : 279" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "#Given:\n", + "P_i = 2.5 #in mW\n", + "P_r = 0.15 #in mW\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "p = math.sqrt(P_r/P_i)\n", + "S = (1+p)/(1-p)\n", + "print 'Voltage standing wave ratio =', round(S,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Voltage standing wave ratio = 1.6488\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 7.4 Page No : 286" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "#Given:\n", + "P_i=4.5 #in mW\n", + "S=2. #VSWR\n", + "C=30. #in dB\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "p=(S-1)/(S+1)\n", + "P_f=P_i/(10**(C/10))\n", + "P_r=p**2*P_i\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Reflected power (in watts) =',P_r\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Reflected power (in watts) = 0.5\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch8.ipynb b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch8.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f4b9ac5e --- /dev/null +++ b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch8.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,806 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:3b50f58b54841662eb0b6edda4172167b273f5b5c1c667219e09c738e3a299bf" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 8 : Microwave Tubes and Circuits" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.1 Page No : 295" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "V_o = 14.5*10**3 #in volts\n", + "I_o = 1.4 #in A\n", + "f = 10*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "p_o = 10**-6 #in c/m**3\n", + "p = 10**-8 #in c/m**3\n", + "v = 10**5 #in m/s\n", + "R = 0.4\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v_o = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(V_o)\n", + "k = 2*math.pi*f/v_o\n", + "w_p = (1.759*10**11*(10**-6/(8.854*10**-12)))**0.5\n", + "w_q = R*w_p\n", + "J_o = p_o*v_o\n", + "J = p*v_o+p_o*v\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Dc electron velocity (in m/s) =',round(v_o,4)\n", + "print 'Dc phase constant (in rad/s) =',round(k,4)\n", + "print 'Plasma frequency (in rad/s) =',round(w_p,4)\n", + "print 'Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) =',round(w_q,4)\n", + "print 'Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) =',round(w_q,4)\n", + "print 'Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) =',round(w_q,4)\n", + "\n", + "#Answer in book are wrongly written as: (Dc phase constant =1.41* 10**8 rad/sec)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Dc electron velocity (in m/s) = 71406655.8522\n", + "Dc phase constant (in rad/s) = 879.9159\n", + "Plasma frequency (in rad/s) = 140949377.094\n", + "Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) = 56379750.8375\n", + "Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) = 56379750.8375\n", + "Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) = 56379750.8375\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.2 Page No : 299" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "A_v = 15 #in dB\n", + "P_i = 5*10**-3 #in W\n", + "R_sh_i = 30000 #in ohms\n", + "R_sh_o = 40000 #in ohms\n", + "R_l = 20000 #in ohms\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "V_i = math.sqrt(P_i*R_sh_i)\n", + "V_o = 10**((A_v/20))*12.25\n", + "P_out = V_o**2/R_l\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Input rms voltage (in volts) =',round(V_i,4)\n", + "print 'Output rms voltage (in volts) =',round(V_o,4)\n", + "print 'Power delivered to load (in watts) =',round(P_out,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input rms voltage (in volts) = 12.2474\n", + "Output rms voltage (in volts) = 12.25\n", + "Power delivered to load (in watts) = 0.0075\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.3 Page No : 307" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "n = 2\n", + "V_o = 300 #in volts\n", + "I_o = 20*10**-3 #in A\n", + "V_i = 40 #in volts\n", + "J = 1.25 #J(X')\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "P_dc = V_o*I_o\n", + "P_ac = 2*V_o*I_o*J/(2*n*math.pi-math.pi/2)\n", + "eff = (P_ac/P_dc)*100\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Input power (in watts) =',P_dc\n", + "print 'Output power (in watts) =',round(P_dc,4)\n", + "print 'Efficiency (in percent) =',round(eff,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input power (in watts) = 6.0\n", + "Output power (in watts) = 6.0\n", + "Efficiency (in percent) = 22.7364\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.4 Page No : 313" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "V_o = 900 #in volts\n", + "I_o = 30*10**-3 #in A\n", + "f = 8*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "d = 0.001 #in m\n", + "l = 0.04 #in m\n", + "R_sh = 40*10**3 #in ohm\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v_o = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(V_o)\n", + "T_o = l/v_o\n", + "Theeta_o = (2*math.pi*f)*T_o #Transit angles between cavities(in radian)\n", + "Theeta_g = (2*math.pi*f)*d/v_o #Average gap transit angle (in radian)\n", + "b = math.sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2)\n", + "V_in_max = V_o*3.68/(b*Theeta_o)\n", + " #As, {J(X)/X=0.582}\n", + "A_r = b**2*Theeta_o*0.582*R_sh/(30*10**3*1.841)\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Electron velocity (in m/s) =',round(v_o,4)\n", + "print 'Dc Transit Time (in sec)=',round(T_o,4)\n", + "print 'Maximum input voltage (in volts) =',round(V_in_max,4)\n", + "print 'Voltage gain (in dB) =',round(A_r,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Electron velocity (in m/s) = 17790000.0\n", + "Dc Transit Time (in sec)= 0.0\n", + "Maximum input voltage (in volts) = 41.9225\n", + "Voltage gain (in dB) = 23.2777\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.5 Page No : 316" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "V_o = 1200 #in volts\n", + "I_o = 28*10**-3 #in A\n", + "f = 8*10**9 #inHz\n", + "d = 0.001 #in m\n", + "l = 0.04 #in m\n", + "R_sh = 40*10**3 #in ohms\n", + "Beeta_o = 0.768\n", + "J = 0.582 #J(X)\n", + "G_o = 23.3*10**-6\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "V_p_max = 1200*3.68*0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(V_o)/(2*math.pi*f*l)\n", + "Theeta_g = (2*math.pi*f)*d/(0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(V_o)) #transit angle (in rad)\n", + "beeta = math.sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2)\n", + "V_i_max = V_p_max/beeta\n", + "A_v = (Beeta_o)**2*97.88*J*R_sh/(1200/(28*10**-3*1.841)) #calculating voltage gain\n", + "eff = (0.58*(2*28*10**-3*J*Beeta_o*R_sh)/V_o)*100 #calculating efficiency\n", + "G_b = (G_o/2)*(Beeta_o**2-Beeta_o*math.cos(Theeta_g)) #beam loading conducmath.tance\n", + "R_b = 1/(G_b*1000) #beam loading resistance(in kilo ohms)\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Input microwave voltage(in volts) =',round(V_i_max,4)\n", + "print 'Voltage gain =',round(A_v,4)\n", + "print 'Effeciency of amplifier (in percentage) =',round(eff,4)\n", + "print 'Beam loading resistance(in kilo ohms) =',round(R_b,4)\n", + "\n", + "#Answer in book is wrongly given as: Voltage gain =17.034\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input microwave voltage(in volts) = 58.7055\n", + "Voltage gain = 57.7338\n", + "Effeciency of amplifier (in percentage) = 48.3926\n", + "Beam loading resistance(in kilo ohms) = 72.7516\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.6 Page No : 318" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "e_m_ratio = 1.759*10**11 #(e/m)\n", + "V_o = 500 #in volts\n", + "R_sh = 20*10**3 #in ohms\n", + "f = 8*10**9 #inHz\n", + "n = 2 #mode\n", + "L = 0.001 #spacing between repeller & cavity (in m)\n", + "x = 0.023\n", + "Beeta_o = 1 #Assuming\n", + "J = 0.582\n", + "V_1 = 200 #given (in volts)\n", + "j = 0.84 #J(X')\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "w = 2*math.pi*f\n", + "volt_diff = math.sqrt(V_o*(x))\n", + "V_r = volt_diff+V_o #repeller volatge\n", + "I_o = V_1/(R_sh*2*J)\n", + "Theeta_o = 2*math.pi*f*J*10**6*2*10**-3*math.sqrt(V_o)/(1.579*10**11*(V_r+V_o))\n", + "X = V_1*Theeta_o/(2*V_o) #X'\n", + "eff = (2*j/(2*math.pi*2-math.pi/2))*100\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Repeller voltage(in volts) =',round(V_r,4)\n", + "print 'Necessary beam current (in Amp.s) =',round(I_o,4)\n", + "print 'Effeciency (in percentage) =',round(eff,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Repeller voltage(in volts) = 503.3912\n", + "Necessary beam current (in Amp.s) = 0.0086\n", + "Effeciency (in percentage) = 15.2789\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.7 Page No : 325" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "P_dc_in = 40 #in mW\n", + "ratio = 0.278 #V_1/V_o;\n", + "n = 1\n", + "J=2.35\n", + "#calculations\n", + "X=ratio*(2*n*math.pi-math.pi/2)\n", + "eff=ratio*J*100 #in percentage\n", + "P_out= 8.91*P_dc_in/100\n", + "P_load=3.564*80/100\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Effeciency (in percentage) =',round(eff,4)\n", + "print 'Total power output (in mW) =',round(P_out,4)\n", + "print 'Power delivered to load (in mW) =',round(P_load,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Effeciency (in percentage) = 65.33\n", + "Total power output (in mW) = 3.564\n", + "Power delivered to load (in mW) = 2.8512\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.8 Page No : 327" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "e_m_ratio = 1.759*10**11 #(e/m)\n", + "R_a = 0.15 #in m\n", + "R_o = 0.45 #in m\n", + "B_o = 1.2*10**-3 #in weber/m**2\n", + "V = 6000 #in volts\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "V_o = ((e_m_ratio)*B_o**2*R_o**2*(1-(R_a/R_o)**2)**2)/8\n", + "B_c = math.sqrt(8*V/e_m_ratio)/((1-(R_a/R_o)**2)*(R_o)) #in weber/m**2\n", + "w_c = (e_m_ratio)*B_o\n", + "f_c = w_c/(2*math.pi) #in Hz\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Cut-off voltage (in volts) =',round(V_o,4)\n", + "print 'Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) =',round(B_c*10**5,4)\n", + "print 'Cyclotron frequency (in GHz) =',round(f_c*10**-9,4)\n", + "\n", + "#Answer in book is wrongly given as: f_c=0.336Hz & V_o=50.666 kV\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cut-off voltage (in volts) = 5065.92\n", + "Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) = 130.5953\n", + "Cyclotron frequency (in GHz) = 0.0336\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 9 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.9 Page No : 332" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "e_m_ratio = 1.759*10**11 #(e/m)\n", + "c = 3*10**8 #in m/s\n", + "d = 0.002 #diameter(in m)\n", + "pitch = (1./50)/100 #As,50 turns per cm (in m)\n", + " \n", + "#calculations\n", + "circum = math.pi*d\n", + "v_p = c*pitch/circum\n", + "V_o = v_p**2/(2*e_m_ratio)\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Axial phase velocity (in m/s) =',round(v_p,4)\n", + "print 'Anode Voltage (in kV) =',round(V_o,4)\n", + "\n", + "#Answer in book is wrongly given as V_o=25.92 V\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Axial phase velocity (in m/s) = 9549296.5855\n", + "Anode Voltage (in kV) = 259.2071\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 10 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.10 Page No : 339" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "V_o = 900 #in volts\n", + "I_o = 30*10**-3 #in A\n", + "f = 8*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "d = 0.001 #in m\n", + "l = 0.04 #in m\n", + "R_sh = 40*10**3 #in ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v_o = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(V_o)\n", + "T_o = l/v_o\n", + "Theeta_o = (2*math.pi*f)*T_o #Transit angles between cavities(in radian)\n", + "Theeta_g = (2*math.pi*f)*d/v_o #Average gap transit angle (in radian)\n", + "b = math.sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2)\n", + "V_in_max = V_o*3.68/(b*Theeta_o)\n", + " #As, {J(X)/X=0.582}\n", + "A_r = b**2*Theeta_o*0.582*R_sh/(30*10**3*1.841)\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Electron velocity (in m/s) =',round(v_o,4)\n", + "print 'Dc Transit Time (in sec)=',round(T_o,4)\n", + "print 'Maximum input voltage (in volts) =',round(V_in_max,4)\n", + "print 'Voltage gain (in dB) =',round(A_r,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Electron velocity (in m/s) = 17790000.0\n", + "Dc Transit Time (in sec)= 0.0\n", + "Maximum input voltage (in volts) = 41.9225\n", + "Voltage gain (in dB) = 23.2777\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 11 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.11 Page No : 341" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "V_o = 20*10**3 #in volts\n", + "I_o = 2 #in A\n", + "f = 10*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "p_o = 10**-6 #in c/m**3\n", + "p = 10**-8 #in c/m**3\n", + "v = 10**5 #in m/s\n", + "R = 0.5\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v_o = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(V_o)\n", + "k = 2*math.pi*f/v_o\n", + "w_p = (1.759*10**11*(10**-6/(8.854*10**-12)))**0.5\n", + "w_q = R*w_p\n", + "J_o = p_o*v_o\n", + "J = p*v_o-p_o*v\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Dc electron velocity (in m/s) =',round(v_o,4)\n", + "print 'Dc phase constant (in rad/s) =',round(k,4)\n", + "print 'Plasma frequency (in rad/s) =',round(w_p,4)\n", + "print 'Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) =',round(w_q,4)\n", + "print 'Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) =',round(J_o,4)\n", + "print 'Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) =',round(J,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Dc electron velocity (in m/s) = 83862864.2487\n", + "Dc phase constant (in rad/s) = 749.2214\n", + "Plasma frequency (in rad/s) = 140949377.094\n", + "Reduced plasma frequency (in rad/s) = 70474688.5468\n", + "Dc beam current density (in A/sq. m) = 83.8629\n", + "Instantaneous beam current density(in A/sq. m) = 0.7386\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 12 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.12 Page No : 347" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "V_o = 1000 #Anode voltage(in volts)\n", + "gap = 0.002 #in m\n", + "f = 5*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "L = 2.463*10**-3 #length of drift region (in m)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "u_o = 5.93*10**5*math.sqrt(V_o) #in m/s\n", + "Theeta_g = 2*math.pi*f*2*10**-3/u_o #radians\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Transit angle(in radians) =',round(Theeta_g,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Transit angle(in radians) = 3.3506\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 13 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.13 Page No : 354" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "V_o = 1200 #in volts\n", + "I_o = 30*10**-3 #in A\n", + "f = 10*10**9 #inHz\n", + "d = 0.001 #in m\n", + "l = 0.04 #in m\n", + "R_sh = 40*10**3 #in ohms\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "v_o = 0.593*10**6*math.sqrt(V_o)\n", + "Theeta_o = 2*math.pi*f*l/(20.54*10**6)\n", + "X = 1.84 #for maximum output power\n", + "V_max = 2*X*V_o/122.347\n", + "Theeta_g = 122.347*10**-3/(4*10**-2)\n", + "Beeta_i = math.sin(Theeta_g/2)/(Theeta_g/2)\n", + "V_1_max = V_max/Beeta_i\n", + "J = 0.58\n", + "Beeta_o = Beeta_i\n", + "I_2 = 2*I_o*J\n", + "V_2 = Beeta_o*I_2*R_sh\n", + "A_v = V_2/V_1_max #in dB\n", + "eff = 0.58*(V_2/V_o)*100 #in percentage\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Input rf voltage(in volts) =',round(V_1_max,4)\n", + "print 'Voltage gain (in dB) =',round(A_v,4)\n", + "print 'Maximum efficiency (in percentage) =',round(eff,4)\n", + "\n", + "#Answer in book is wrongly given as: A_v=24.33 dB\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input rf voltage(in volts) = 55.2475\n", + "Voltage gain (in dB) = 16.4608\n", + "Maximum efficiency (in percentage) = 43.9551\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 14 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.14 Page No : 356" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "e_m_ratio = 1.759*10**11 #(e/m)\n", + "a = 0.04\n", + "b = 0.08\n", + "V_o = 30*10**3 #in volts\n", + "I_o = 80 #in A\n", + "B_o = 0.01 #in weber/sq.m\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "w=(e_m_ratio)*B_o\n", + "V_c=((e_m_ratio)*B_o**2*b**2*(1-(a/b)**2)**2)/8\n", + "B_c=math.sqrt(8*V_o/e_m_ratio)/((1-(a/b)**2)*(b)) #in weber/m**2\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Cyclotron angular frequency( in rad/s) =',round(w,4)\n", + "print 'Cut-off voltage (in volts) =',round(V_c,4)\n", + "print 'Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) =',round(B_c*10**3,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Cyclotron angular frequency( in rad/s) = 1759000000.0\n", + "Cut-off voltage (in volts) = 7915.5\n", + "Cut-off magnetic flux density (in milli weber/sq. m) = 19.468\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 15 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.15 Page No : 362" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "n = 2.\n", + "V_o = 280. #in volts\n", + "I_o = 22.*10**-3 #in A\n", + "V_i = 30. #in volts\n", + "J = 1.25 #J(X')\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "P_dc = V_o*I_o\n", + "P_ac = 2*V_o*I_o*J/(2*n*math.pi-math.pi/2)\n", + "eff = (P_ac/P_dc)*100\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Input power (in watts) =',round(P_dc,4)\n", + "print 'Output power (in watts) =',round(P_ac,4)\n", + "print 'Efficiency (in percent) =',round(eff,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Input power (in watts) = 6.16\n", + "Output power (in watts) = 1.4006\n", + "Efficiency (in percent) = 22.7364\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 16 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 8.16 Page No : 367" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + " \n", + "e_m_ratio = 1.759*10**11 #(e/m)\n", + "V_o = 300 #in volts\n", + "R_sh = 20*10**3 #in ohms\n", + "f = 8*10**9 #inHz\n", + "#calculations\n", + "w = 2*math.pi*f\n", + "n = 2 #mode\n", + "L = 0.001 #spacing between repeller & cavity (in m)\n", + "x = (e_m_ratio)*(2*math.pi*n-math.pi/2)**2/(8*w**2*L**2)\n", + "volt_diff = math.sqrt(V_o/(x))\n", + "V_r = (volt_diff)+V_o #repeller volatge\n", + "J = 0.582\n", + "V_1 = 200 #given (in volts)\n", + "I_o = V_1/(R_sh*2*J)\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Repeller voltage(in volts) =',round(V_r,4)\n", + "print 'Necessary beam current (in milliAmp.s) =',round(I_o*10**3,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Repeller voltage(in volts) = 833.9796\n", + "Necessary beam current (in milliAmp.s) = 8.5911\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 17 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch9.ipynb b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch9.ipynb new file mode 100644 index 00000000..975d0f7d --- /dev/null +++ b/_Applied_Thermodynamics_and_Engineering _by_T._D._Eastop_and_A._Mcconkey/ch9.ipynb @@ -0,0 +1,326 @@ +{ + "metadata": { + "name": "", + "signature": "sha256:512dac66811a3f49aa4547133f350721d7f8293f683c8b2dac1cf4662066ad2e" + }, + "nbformat": 3, + "nbformat_minor": 0, + "worksheets": [ + { + "cells": [ + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 1, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Chapter 9 : Solid State Microwave Devices" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.1 Page No : 387" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "v_d = 10**7*10**-2 #drift velocity(in m/s)\n", + "L = 2.*10**-6 #drift length(in m)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f = v_d/(2*L) #in Hz\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Operating Frequency (in GHz) =',round(f/10**9,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Operating Frequency (in GHz) = 25.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 1 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.2 Page No : 392" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math\n", + "\n", + "f=10*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "L=75*10**-6 #Device length (in m)\n", + "V=25. #Voltage pulse amplified (in volts)\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E_th=V/L\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Threshold Electric field (in kV/cm) =',round(E_th,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Threshold Electric field (in kV/cm) = 333333.3333\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 2 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.3 Page No : 399" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "f_s = 2*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "f_p = 12*10**9 #in Hz\n", + "R_i = 16\n", + "R_s = 1000\n", + "#calculations\n", + "A_p = 10*math.log((f_p-f_s)/f_s)\n", + "A_p_usb = 10*math.log((f_p+f_s)/f_s)\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Power gain (in dB) =',round(math.log(10),4)\n", + "print 'Power gain as USB converter (in dB) =',round(A_p_usb,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power gain (in dB) = 2.3026\n", + "Power gain as USB converter (in dB) = 19.4591\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 3 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.4 Page No : 405" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "E_s = 12.5\n", + "E_o = 8.85*10**-12\n", + "N = 3.2*10**22 #per cubic meter\n", + "L = 8*10**-6 #in m\n", + "q = 1.6*10**-19 #in coulombs\n", + "#calculations\n", + "E = E_o*E_s\n", + "V_c = q*N*L**2/(2*E)\n", + "V_bd = 2*V_c\n", + "E_bd = V_bd/L\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Critical voltage(in kV) =',round(V_c/10**3,4)\n", + "print 'Breakdown Voltage (in kV) =',round(V_bd/10**3,4)\n", + "print 'Breakdown Electric field (in V/cm) =',round(E_bd,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Critical voltage(in kV) = 1.481\n", + "Breakdown Voltage (in kV) = 2.9621\n", + "Breakdown Electric field (in V/cm) = 370259887.006\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 4 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.5 Page No : 411" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "N_a = 2.5*10**16 #per cubic cm\n", + "J = 33 #in kA/cm**2\n", + "q = 1.6*10**-19\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "V_z = J/(q*N_a) #Avalanche zone velocity (in cm/s)\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Avalanche zone velocity (in cm/s) =',round(V_z,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Avalanche zone velocity (in cm/s) = 8250.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 5 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.6 Page No : 414" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + " \n", + "R_neg = 25 #in ohm\n", + "R_load = 50. #in ohm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "G=((- abs(R_neg)-R_load)/(- abs(R_neg)+R_load))**2\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Power gain =',round(G,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Power gain = 9.0\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 6 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.7 Page No : 422" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "\n", + "volt_grad = 3.3*10**3 #voltage gradient\n", + "L = 5*10**-4 #in drift length\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "V_min = volt_grad*L #in volts\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Minimum voltage needed (in Volts) =',round(V_min,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Minimum voltage needed (in Volts) = 1.65\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 7 + }, + { + "cell_type": "heading", + "level": 2, + "metadata": {}, + "source": [ + "Example 9.8 Page No : 430" + ] + }, + { + "cell_type": "code", + "collapsed": false, + "input": [ + "import math \n", + "\n", + "v_d = 2.*10**7 #in cm/s\n", + "L = 20.*10**-4 #in cm\n", + "\n", + "#calculations\n", + "f = v_d/L\n", + "critical_field = 3.3*10**3\n", + "V = L*critical_field\n", + "\n", + "#---output---#\n", + "print 'Natural frequency (in GHz) =',round(f*10**-9,4)\n", + "print 'Critical voltage (in volts) =',round(V,4)\n" + ], + "language": "python", + "metadata": {}, + "outputs": [ + { + "output_type": "stream", + "stream": "stdout", + "text": [ + "Natural frequency (in GHz) = 10.0\n", + "Critical voltage (in volts) = 6.6\n" + ] + } + ], + "prompt_number": 8 + } + ], + "metadata": {} + } + ] +}
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