path: root/OpenModelica-Arduino-MDD-Windows/tools/arduino-firmware/arduino-firmware.ino

  /* This file is meant to be used with the SCILAB arduino  
   toolbox, however, it can be used from the IDE environment
   (or any other serial terminal) by typing commands like:
   
   Conversion ascii -> number
   48->'0' ... 57->'9' 58->':' 59->';' 60->'<' 61->'=' 62->'>' 63->'?' 64->'@' 
   65->'A' ... 90->'Z' 91->'[' 92->'\' 93->']' 94->'^' 95->'_' 96->'`' 
   97->'a' ... 122->'z'
   
   Dan0 or Dan1 : attach digital pin n (ascii from 2 to b) to input (0) or output (1)
   Drn : read digital value (0 or 1) on pin n (ascii from 2 to b)
   Dwn0 or Dwn1 : write 1 or 0 on pin n
   An    : reads analog pin n (ascii from 0 to 19)
   Wnm  : write analog value m (ascii from 0 to 255) on pin n (ascii from 0 to 19)
   Sa1 or Sa2 : Attach servo 1 (digital pin 9) or 2 (digital pin 10)
   Sw1n or Sw2n : moves servo 1 or servo 2 to position n (from ascii(0) to ascii(180))
   Sd1 or Sd2 : Detach servo 1 or 2
   
   Generic DC_Motor
   Cijkl : setup for generic DCmotor number i (1 to 4), PW1 on pin number j, PWM2 or direction on pin number k, mode=l
           l=0 for L293 (2 PWM) and l=1 for L298 (1PWM + 1 bit for direction)
   Mijk  : sets speed for generic DCmotor number i, j=0/1 for direction, k=ascii(0) .. ascii(255)
   Mir   : releases motor i (r=release)

   Generic Interrupt counter
   Iai   : activate counter on INT number i (i=ascii(2 or 3 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21)
   Iri   : release counter on INT number i
   Ipi   : read counter on INT number i
   Izi   : reset counter on INT number i

   Generic Encoder
   Eajkl: activate encoder on channelA on INT number j (j=ascii(2 or 3 or 18 or 19 or 20 or 21) et channelB on pin k or INT number k (k=ascii(0)..ascii(53))
           and l=1 or 2 or 4 for 1x mode (count every rising of chA) or 2x mode (count every change statement of chA)
           or  4x mode (every change statement of chA et chB)
   Eri   : release encoder on INTi
   Epi   : read position of encoder on INTi
   Ezi   : reset value of encoder on INTi position
   
   R0    : sets analog reference to DEFAULT
   R1    : sets analog reference to INTERNAL
   R2    : sets analog reference to EXTERNAL

   */

#include <Servo.h>

/* define internal for the MEGA as 1.1V (as as for the 328)  */
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega1280__) || defined(__AVR_ATmega2560__)
#define INTERNAL INTERNAL1V1
#endif

/* create and initialize servos                              */
Servo servo1;
Servo servo2;

/* Generic motors */
int dcm1_pin1,dcm1_pin2,dcm1_mode;
int dcm2_pin1,dcm2_pin2,dcm2_mode;
int dcm3_pin1,dcm3_pin2,dcm3_mode;
int dcm4_pin1,dcm4_pin2,dcm4_mode;

// Generic encoder 
/* Encoders initialisation */
// volatile declare as those variables will change in interrupts
volatile long int encoder_0_position = 0,encoder_1_position = 0, encoder_2_position = 0, encoder_3_position = 0, encoder_4_position = 0, encoder_5_position = 0;
int encoder_0_int2 ;          // Pin used for encoder0 chanel B : define from scilab
int encoder_1_int2 ;          // Pin used for encoder1 chanel B : define from scilab
int encoder_2_int2 ;          // Pin used for encoder2 chanel B : define from scilab
int encoder_3_int2 ;          // Pin used for encoder3 chanel B : define from scilab
int encoder_4_int2 ;          // Pin used for encoder4 chanel B : define from scilab
int encoder_5_int2 ;          // Pin used for encoder5 chanel B : define from scilab
int encoder_num, encoder_int2;
int corresp[6]={2,3,21,20,19,18}; //Correspondance beetween interrupt number and pin number

//Generic counter
volatile long int counter_0=0,counter_1=0,counter_2=0,counter_3=0,counter_4=0,counter_5=0;

int initiat=1;

void setup() {
  /* initialize serial                                       */
  Serial.begin(115200);
  
}
void loop() {
  
  
   
  /* variables declaration and initialization                */
  
  static int  s   = -1;    /* state                          */
  static int  pin = 13;    /* generic pin number             */
  static int  dcm =  4;    /* generic dc motor number        */

  int  val =  0;           /* generic value read from serial */
  int  agv =  0;           /* generic analog value           */
  int  dgv =  0;           /* generic digital value          */
  static int  enc   = 1;    /* encoder number 1 (or 2 for Arduino mega)     */
  
  while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
  val = Serial.read(); 
  
  //Checking for availability of firmware
  if(val==118)
  {
    delay(10);
    Serial.write("ok"); 
  }
  
//  if (val==0){// version
//    Serial.print('v3');
//    val=-1;
//  }
  //case A -> Analog
  else if (val==65){//A -> Analog read
    while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
//    val=Serial.read();
//    if (val==114){ //'r'-> read pin
//       while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
       val=Serial.read();
       if (val>47 && val<67) { //from pin 0, to pin 19
          pin=val-48; //number of the pin
          agv=analogRead(pin);
          //Serial.println(agv);
          Serial.write((uint8_t*)&agv,2); /* send binary value via serial  */   
       }
       val=-1;
  }
  else if (val==87){//W -> Analog write
      while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
      val=Serial.read();
         if (val>47 && val<67) { //from pin 0 to pin 19
            pin=val-48; //number of the pin
            while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
            val=Serial.read();
            analogWrite(pin,val);
         }
          val=-1;
      }
  //}

  //case D -> Digital
  else if (val==68){//D -> Digital pins
    while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
    val=Serial.read();
    if (val==97){ //'a'-> declare pin
       while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
       val=Serial.read();
       if (val>49 && val<102) {
         pin=val-48;
         while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
         val=Serial.read();
         if (val==48 || val==49) { 
            if (val==48){//'0' -> input
               pinMode(pin,INPUT);
            }
            else if (val==49){//'1' -> output
               pinMode(pin,OUTPUT);
            }
         }
       }
    }
    if (val==114){ //'r'-> read pin
       while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
       val=Serial.read();
       if (val>49 && val<102) { 
          pin=val-48; //number of the digital pin
          dgv=digitalRead(pin);      
//          Serial.println(dgv);        
          Serial.print(dgv);         
       }
    }
    if (val==119){ //'w'-> write pin
       while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
       val=Serial.read();
       if (val>49 && val<102) { 
          pin=val-48; //number of the digital pin
          while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
          val=Serial.read();
          if (val==48 || val==49) { // 0 or 1
            dgv=val-48;
            digitalWrite(pin,dgv);
//            Serial.println(dgv);    
          }
       }
    }
   val=-1;

  }
  //case S -> servomotor
  else if (val==83){
    while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
    val=Serial.read();
    if (val==97){ //'a'-> declare servo
       while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
       val=Serial.read();
       if (val==49 || val==50) { //servo 1 or 2
          pin=val-48; //number of the servo
          if (pin==1) {
            servo1.attach(9); 
            servo1.write(0);           
//            agv=servo1.read();
//            Serial.println(agv);
          }
          if (pin==2) {
            servo2.attach(10); 
            servo2.write(0);           
//            agv=servo2.read();
//            Serial.println(agv);
          }

       }
    }
    if (val==100){ //'d'-> detach servo
       while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
       val=Serial.read();
       if (val==49 || val==50) { //servo 1 or 2
          pin=val-48; //number of the servo
          if (pin==1) {servo1.detach(); }
          if (pin==2) {servo2.detach(); }
       }
    }
    if (val==119){ //'w'-> write pin
       while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
       val=Serial.read();
       if (val==49 || val==50) { //servo 1 or 2
          pin=val-48; //number of the servo
          while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
          val=Serial.read();
          if (val>=0 && val<=180){
              if (pin==1) {
                servo1.write(val);
//                agv=servo1.read();
//                Serial.println(agv);
              }
              if (pin==2) {
                servo2.write(val);
//                agv=servo2.read();
//                Serial.println(agv);
              }
          }
       }
    }
   val=-1;

  }
  
  //case I -> Interrupt
  else if (val==73){
      /* ASKING ACTIVATION OF AN COUNTER     */
      while (Serial.available()==0) {}; // Waiting char
      val=Serial.read();                                
      if (val==97) { //a = activation
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};                 // Waiting char
         val=Serial.read();                                // Read int_number (must be 0 or 1 on UNO / 1 to 5 on MEGA) : int_number set to encoder number
         pinMode(corresp[val],INPUT);              // set interrupt pin as input
         if       (val == 0) {attachInterrupt(val, counter_0_change, RISING);counter_0=0;}  //counter INT0
         else if  (val == 1) {attachInterrupt(val, counter_1_change, RISING);counter_1=0;}  //counter INT1
         else if  (val == 2) {attachInterrupt(val, counter_2_change, RISING);counter_2=0;}  //counter INT2
         else if  (val == 3) {attachInterrupt(val, counter_3_change, RISING);counter_3=0;}  //counter INT3
         else if  (val == 4) {attachInterrupt(val, counter_4_change, RISING);counter_4=0;}  //counter INT4
         else if  (val == 5) {attachInterrupt(val, counter_5_change, RISING);counter_5=0;}  //counter INT5
      }
      /* ASKING POSITION OF A COUNTER     */ 
      if (val==112) { //p = sending counting value
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};   // Waiting char
         val = Serial.read()   ;             //reading next value = counter number
         if      (val==0){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&counter_0,4); }// asking counter 0 
         else if (val==1){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&counter_1,4); }// asking counter 1 
         else if (val==2){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&counter_2,4); }// asking counter 2 
         else if (val==3){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&counter_3,4); }// asking counter 3 
         else if (val==4){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&counter_4,4); }// asking counter 4 
         else if (val==5){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&counter_5,4); }// asking counter 5 
     }
      /* ASKING RELEASE OF AN INTERRUPT   */ 
      if (val==114) { //r = release counter 
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};        // Waiting char
         val = Serial.read();                     //reading next value = counter number
         detachInterrupt(val);                    // Detach interrupt on chanel A of counter num=val
         if (val==0)       { counter_0=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==1)  { counter_1=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==2)  { counter_2=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==3)  { counter_3=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==4)  { counter_4=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==5)  { counter_5=0;}        // Reset counter
      }
      /* ASKING RESET VALUE OF AN COUNTER     */ 
      if (val==122) { //z set to zero
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};        // Waiting char
         val = Serial.read();                     //reading next value = counter number
         if (val==0)       { counter_0=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==1)  { counter_1=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==2)  { counter_2=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==3)  { counter_3=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==4)  { counter_4=0;}        // Reset counter
         else if (val==5)  { counter_5=0;}        // Reset counter
       }
    val=-1;

  } 
  
  //case E -> Encoder
  else if (val==69){    
      /*Generic encoder functions */
      while (Serial.available()==0) {};
      val=Serial.read();  
      /* ASKING ACTIVATION OF AN ENCODER     */
      if (val==97) {                                       //activation
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};                 // Waiting char
         encoder_num=Serial.read();                        // Read int_number (must be 0 or 1 on UNO / 1 to 5 on MEGA) : int_number set to encoer number
         pinMode(corresp[encoder_num],INPUT);              // set interrupt pin as input
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};                 // Waiting char
         encoder_int2=Serial.read();                       // Read int2 (must be a digital PIN with interrupt or not : depends on mode)
                                                           // no declaration for the moment : wait for encoder mode
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};                 // Waiting char
         int mode = Serial.read()-48;                      // Read mode 1 ou 2 (1 counting only rising of chA, 2 counting rising and falling)
         if (mode == 4) {                                  // mode 4x : 2 cases : chA=pin2 / chB=pin3 or chA=pin3/chB=pin2 [Uno retriction]
            pinMode(corresp[encoder_int2],INPUT);          // set interrupt number as input
         } else {
            pinMode(encoder_int2,INPUT);                   // set pin as input
         }
         
         if (encoder_num == 0) {                             //encoder INT0
           encoder_0_position=0;                             // Reset position
           if (mode==4) {
             encoder_0_int2=corresp[encoder_int2];           // Save pin of second interruption
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num , encoder_change_m4_A0, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
             attachInterrupt(encoder_int2, encoder_change_m4_B0, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel B change
           } else if (mode==2) {
             encoder_0_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_0_change_m2, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
           } else if (mode==1) {
             encoder_0_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_0_change_m1, RISING); // Attach interrupt on chanel A rising
           }
         } else if (encoder_num == 1) {                      //encoder INT1
           encoder_1_position=0;                             // Reset position
           if (mode==4) {
             encoder_1_int2=corresp[encoder_int2];           // Save pin of second interruption
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num , encoder_change_m4_A1, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
             attachInterrupt(encoder_int2, encoder_change_m4_B1, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel B change
           } else if (mode==2) {
             encoder_1_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_1_change_m2, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
           } else if (mode==1) {
             encoder_1_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_1_change_m1, RISING); // Attach interrupt on chanel A rising
           }
         } else if (encoder_num == 2) {                      //encoder INT2
           encoder_2_position=0;                             // Reset position
           if (mode==4) {
             encoder_2_int2=corresp[encoder_int2];           // Save pin of second interruption
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num , encoder_change_m4_A2, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
             attachInterrupt(encoder_int2, encoder_change_m4_B2, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel B change
           } else if (mode==2) {
             encoder_2_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_2_change_m2, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
           } else if (mode==1) {
             encoder_2_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_2_change_m1, RISING); // Attach interrupt on chanel A rising
           }
         } else if (encoder_num == 3) {                      //encoder INT3
           encoder_3_position=0;                             // Reset position
           if (mode==4) {
             encoder_3_int2=corresp[encoder_int2];           // Save pin of second interruption
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num , encoder_change_m4_A3, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
             attachInterrupt(encoder_int2, encoder_change_m4_B3, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel B change
           } else if (mode==2) {
             encoder_3_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_3_change_m2, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
           } else if (mode==1) {
             encoder_3_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_3_change_m1, RISING); // Attach interrupt on chanel A rising
           }
         } else if (encoder_num == 4) {                      //encoder INT4
           encoder_4_position=0;                             // Reset position
           if (mode==4) {
             encoder_4_int2=corresp[encoder_int2];           // Save pin of second interruption
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num , encoder_change_m4_A4, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
             attachInterrupt(encoder_int2, encoder_change_m4_B4, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel B change
           } else if (mode==2) {
             encoder_4_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_4_change_m2, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
           } else if (mode==1) {
             encoder_4_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_4_change_m1, RISING); // Attach interrupt on chanel A rising
           }
         } else if (encoder_num == 5) {                      //encoder INT5
           encoder_5_position=0;                             // Reset position
           if (mode==4) {
             encoder_5_int2=corresp[encoder_int2];           // Save pin of second interruption
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num , encoder_change_m4_A5, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
             attachInterrupt(encoder_int2, encoder_change_m4_B5, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel B change
           } else if (mode==2) {
             encoder_5_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_5_change_m2, CHANGE); // Attach interrupt on chanel A change
           } else if (mode==1) {
             encoder_5_int2=encoder_int2;
             attachInterrupt(encoder_num, encoder_5_change_m1, RISING); // Attach interrupt on chanel A rising
           }
         }
      }
      /* ASKING POSITION OF AN ENCODER     */ 
      if (val==112) { //p = sending encoder position
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};   // Waiting char
         val = Serial.read()   ;             //reading next value = encoder number
         if      (val==0){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&encoder_0_position,4); }// asking encoder 0 position
         else if (val==1){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&encoder_1_position,4); }// asking encoder 1 position
         else if (val==2){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&encoder_2_position,4); }// asking encoder 2 position
         else if (val==3){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&encoder_3_position,4); }// asking encoder 3 position
         else if (val==4){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&encoder_4_position,4); }// asking encoder 4 position
         else if (val==5){ Serial.write((uint8_t*)&encoder_5_position,4); }// asking encoder 5 position
     }
      /* ASKING RELEASE OF AN ENCODER     */ 
      if (val==114) { //r = release encoder 
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};                 // Waiting char
         val = Serial.read();                              //reading next value = encoder number
         detachInterrupt(val);                             // Detach interrupt on chanel A of encoder num=val
         if (val==0)       { encoder_0_position=0;encoder_0_int2=-1;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==1)  { encoder_1_position=0;encoder_1_int2=-1;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==2)  { encoder_2_position=0;encoder_2_int2=-1;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==3)  { encoder_3_position=0;encoder_3_int2=-1;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==4)  { encoder_4_position=0;encoder_4_int2=-1;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==5)  { encoder_5_position=0;encoder_5_int2=-1;}        // Reset position
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};                 // Waiting char
         val = Serial.read();                              // reading next value = encoder number
         detachInterrupt(val);                             // Detach interrupt on chanel B of encoder num=val (may be the same if mode=1 or 2)
      }
      /* ASKING RESET POSITION OF AN ENCODER     */ 
      if (val==122) {  // z = encoder position to zero
         while (Serial.available()==0) {};                 // Waiting char
         val = Serial.read();                              //reading next value = encoder number
         if (val==0)       { encoder_0_position=0;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==1)  { encoder_1_position=0;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==2)  { encoder_2_position=0;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==3)  { encoder_3_position=0;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==4)  { encoder_4_position=0;}        // Reset position
         else if (val==5)  { encoder_5_position=0;}        // Reset position
      }
     val=-1;

  }
  
  //case C -> DCmotor init
  else if(val==67){
    while (Serial.available()==0) {};                
    val = Serial.read();
    /* 2nd char = motor number */
    if (val>48 && val<53) {
        dcm=val-48;                
        while (Serial.available()==0) {};                
        val = Serial.read();      
        /* the third received value indicates the pin1 number from ascii(2)=50 to ascii(e)=101  */
        if (val>49 && val<102) {
          if (dcm==1) dcm1_pin1=val-48;/* calculate motor pin1 */
          if (dcm==2) dcm2_pin1=val-48;/* calculate motor pin1 */
          if (dcm==3) dcm3_pin1=val-48;/* calculate motor pin1 */
          if (dcm==4) dcm4_pin1=val-48;/* calculate motor pin1 */
          pinMode(val-48, OUTPUT); //set pin as output
          analogWrite(val-48,0);   /* DUTY CYCLE */
          while (Serial.available()==0) {};                
          val = Serial.read();
          /* the fourth received value indicates the pin2 number from ascii(2)=50 to ascii(e)=101  */
          if (val>49 && val<102) {
            if (dcm==1) dcm1_pin2=val-48;/* calculate motor pin2 */
            if (dcm==2) dcm2_pin2=val-48;/* calculate motor pin2 */
            if (dcm==3) dcm3_pin2=val-48;/* calculate motor pin2 */
            if (dcm==4) dcm4_pin2=val-48;/* calculate motor pin2 */
            pinMode(val-48, OUTPUT); //set pin as output
            while (Serial.available()==0) {};                
            val = Serial.read();
            /* the fifth received value indicates the pin2 number from ascii(2)=50 to ascii(e)=101 */
            if (val>47 && val<50) {
              int mode = val-48;
              if (dcm==1) dcm1_mode=mode;/* calculate motor mode */
              if (dcm==2) dcm2_mode=mode;/* calculate motor mode */
              if (dcm==3) dcm3_mode=mode;/* calculate motor mode */
              if (dcm==4) dcm4_mode=mode;/* calculate motor mode */
              //initialization of port
              if(mode==0){//L293
                if (dcm==1) analogWrite(dcm1_pin2,0);   /* DUTY CYCLE */
                if (dcm==2) analogWrite(dcm2_pin2,0);   /* DUTY CYCLE */
                if (dcm==3) analogWrite(dcm3_pin2,0);   /* DUTY CYCLE */
                if (dcm==4) analogWrite(dcm4_pin2,0);   /* DUTY CYCLE */
              } else if (mode==1) {//L297
                if (dcm==1) digitalWrite(dcm1_pin2, LOW);  /* DIRECTION */
                if (dcm==2) digitalWrite(dcm2_pin2, LOW);  /* DIRECTION */
                if (dcm==3) digitalWrite(dcm3_pin2, LOW);  /* DIRECTION */
                if (dcm==4) digitalWrite(dcm4_pin2, LOW);  /* DIRECTION */      
              }
              Serial.print("OK"); // tell Scilab that motor s initialization finished
                                  // Cette commande sert à rien dans la toolbox de base,
                                  // sauf si on prévoit d'ajouter des actions à l'init des moteurs
                                  // par exemple chercher la position d'origine !
            }
          }
        }
    }
    val=-1;

  }

  //case M -> DC motor
  else if(val==77){
      while (Serial.available()==0) {};                
      val = Serial.read();
      /* the second received value indicates the motor number
         from abs('1')=49, motor1, to abs('4')=52, motor4    */
      if (val>48 && val<53) {
        dcm=val-48;                /* calculate motor number */
        while (Serial.available()==0) {};       // Waiting char
        val = Serial.read();  
        /* the third received value indicates the sens direction or release*/
        if (val==48 || val ==49){
            int direction=val-48;
            while (Serial.available()==0) {};       // Waiting char
            val = Serial.read();                    //reading next value = 0..255 
            if (dcm==1){
             if(dcm1_mode==0){//L293 
              if(direction==1){
                analogWrite(dcm1_pin1,val);
                analogWrite(dcm1_pin2,0);
              } else {
                analogWrite(dcm1_pin2,val);
                analogWrite(dcm1_pin1,0);
              }
             } else {//L298
              if (direction==0) digitalWrite(dcm1_pin2,LOW);
              if (direction==1) digitalWrite(dcm1_pin2,HIGH);
              analogWrite(dcm1_pin1,val);
             }
            }
            if (dcm==2){
             if(dcm2_mode==0){//L293 
              if(direction==1){
                analogWrite(dcm2_pin1,val);
                analogWrite(dcm2_pin2,0);
              } else {
                analogWrite(dcm2_pin2,val);
                analogWrite(dcm2_pin1,0);
              }
             } else {//L298
              if (direction==0) digitalWrite(dcm2_pin2,LOW);
              if (direction==1) digitalWrite(dcm2_pin2,HIGH);
              analogWrite(dcm2_pin1,val);
             }
            }
            if (dcm==3){
             if(dcm3_mode==0){//L293 
              if(direction==1){
                analogWrite(dcm3_pin1,val);
                analogWrite(dcm3_pin2,0);
              } else {
                analogWrite(dcm3_pin2,val);
                analogWrite(dcm3_pin1,0);
              }
             } else {//L298
              if (direction==0) digitalWrite(dcm3_pin2,LOW);
              if (direction==1) digitalWrite(dcm3_pin2,HIGH);
              analogWrite(dcm3_pin1,val);
             }
            }
            if (dcm==4){
             if(dcm4_mode==0){//L293 
              if(direction==1){
                analogWrite(dcm4_pin1,val);
                analogWrite(dcm4_pin2,0);
              } else {
                analogWrite(dcm4_pin2,val);
                analogWrite(dcm4_pin1,0);
              }
             } else {//L298
              if (direction==0) digitalWrite(dcm4_pin2,LOW);
              if (direction==1) digitalWrite(dcm4_pin2,HIGH);
              analogWrite(dcm4_pin1,val);
             }
            }
         }
         if (val==114){//release motor
           if(dcm==1) {
           analogWrite(dcm1_pin1,0);
           if(dcm1_mode==0)  analogWrite(dcm1_pin2,0); 
            }
          if(dcm==2) {
           analogWrite(dcm2_pin1,0);
           if(dcm2_mode==0)  analogWrite(dcm2_pin2,0); 
          }
          if(dcm==3) {
           analogWrite(dcm3_pin1,0);
           if(dcm3_mode==0)  analogWrite(dcm3_pin2,0); 
          }
          if(dcm==4) {
           analogWrite(dcm4_pin1,0);
           if(dcm4_mode==0)  analogWrite(dcm4_pin2,0); 
          }  
         }
         
      }
   val=-1;

  }


  //case R -> Analog reference
  if(val==82){
    while (Serial.available()==0) {};                
    val = Serial.read();
    if (val==48) analogReference(DEFAULT);
    if (val==49) analogReference(INTERNAL);
    if (val==50) analogReference(EXTERNAL);
    if (val==51) Serial.print("v3");
    val=-1;
  }
  
} /* end loop statement                                      */


/**************************************/
// Generic interrupt encoder functions//
/**************************************/
//Encoder on INT0
void encoder_0_change_m1() { //encoder0 mode 1x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_0_int2);
  if (!chB) { encoder_0_position++;}
  else { encoder_0_position--; }
}
void encoder_0_change_m2() { //encoder0 mode 2x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_0_int2);
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[0]);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_0_position++; }
  else { encoder_0_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_A0(){//encoder0 mode 4x chA
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[0]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_0_int2);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_0_position++; }
  else { encoder_0_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_B0(){//encoder0 mode 4x chB
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[0]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_0_int2);
  if ((!chA & !chB)|(chA & chB)) { encoder_0_position++; }
  else { encoder_0_position--; }
}
//Encoder on INT1
void encoder_1_change_m1() { //encoder1 mode 1x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_1_int2);
  if (!chB) { encoder_1_position++;}
  else { encoder_1_position--; }
}
void encoder_1_change_m2() { //encoder1 mode 2x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_1_int2);
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[1]);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_1_position++; }
  else { encoder_1_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_A1(){//encoder1 mode 4x chA
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[1]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_1_int2);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_1_position++; }
  else { encoder_1_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_B1(){//encoder1 mode 4x chB
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[1]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_1_int2);
  if ((!chA & !chB)|(chA & chB)) { encoder_1_position++; }
  else { encoder_1_position--; }
}
//Encoder on INT2
void encoder_2_change_m1() { //encoder2 mode 1x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_2_int2);
  if (!chB) { encoder_2_position++;}
  else { encoder_2_position--; }
}
void encoder_2_change_m2() { //encoder2 mode 2x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_2_int2);
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[2]);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_2_position++; }
  else { encoder_2_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_A2(){//encoder2 mode 4x chA
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[2]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_2_int2);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_2_position++; }
  else { encoder_2_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_B2(){//encoder2 mode 4x chB
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[2]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_2_int2);
  if ((!chA & !chB)|(chA & chB)) { encoder_2_position++; }
  else { encoder_2_position--; }
}
//Encoder on INT3
void encoder_3_change_m1() { //encoder3 mode 1x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_3_int2);
  if (!chB) { encoder_3_position++;}
  else { encoder_3_position--; }
}
void encoder_3_change_m2() { //encoder3 mode 2x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_3_int2);
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[3]);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_3_position++; }
  else { encoder_3_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_A3(){//encoder3 mode 4x chA
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[3]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_3_int2);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_3_position++; }
  else { encoder_3_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_B3(){//encoder3 mode 4x chB
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[3]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_3_int2);
  if ((!chA & !chB)|(chA & chB)) { encoder_3_position++; }
  else { encoder_3_position--; }
}
//Encoder on INT4
void encoder_4_change_m1() { //encoder4 mode 1x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_4_int2);
  if (!chB) { encoder_4_position++;}
  else { encoder_4_position--; }
}
void encoder_4_change_m2() { //encoder4 mode 2x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_4_int2);
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[4]);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_4_position++; }
  else { encoder_4_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_A4(){//encoder4 mode 4x chA
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[4]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_4_int2);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_4_position++; }
  else { encoder_4_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_B4(){//encoder4 mode 4x chB
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[4]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_4_int2);
  if ((!chA & !chB)|(chA & chB)) { encoder_4_position++; }
  else { encoder_4_position--; }
}
//Encoder on INT5
void encoder_5_change_m1() { //encoder5 mode 1x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_5_int2);
  if (!chB) { encoder_5_position++;}
  else { encoder_5_position--; }
}
void encoder_5_change_m2() { //encoder5 mode 2x
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_5_int2);
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[5]);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_5_position++; }
  else { encoder_5_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_A5(){//encoder5 mode 4x chA
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[5]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_5_int2);
  if ((chA & !chB)|(!chA & chB)) { encoder_5_position++; }
  else { encoder_5_position--; }
}
void encoder_change_m4_B5(){//encoder5 mode 4x chB
  int chA=digitalRead(corresp[5]);
  int chB=digitalRead(encoder_5_int2);
  if ((!chA & !chB)|(chA & chB)) { encoder_5_position++; }
  else { encoder_5_position--; }
}

/**************************************/
// Generic interrupt counter functions//
/**************************************/
//Counter on INT0
void counter_0_change() { //counter 0
  counter_0++;
}
//Counter on INT1
void counter_1_change() { //counter 1
  counter_1++;
}
//Counter on INT2
void counter_2_change() { //counter 2
  counter_2++;
}
//Counter on INT3
void counter_3_change() { //counter 3
  counter_3++;
}
//Counter on INT4
void counter_4_change() { //counter 4
  counter_4++;
}
//Counter on INT5
void counter_5_change() { //counter 5
  counter_5++;
}