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+/*
+ * This program source code file is part of KiCad, a free EDA CAD application.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2007-2014 Jean-Pierre Charras, jp.charras at wanadoo.fr
+ * Copyright (C) 1992-2015 KiCad Developers, see CHANGELOG.TXT for contributors.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
+ * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, you may find one here:
+ * http://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
+ * or you may search the http://www.gnu.org website for the version 2 license,
+ * or you may write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
+ * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @file macros.h
+ * @brief This file contains miscellaneous helper definitions and functions.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MACROS_H
+#define MACROS_H
+
+#include <wx/wx.h>
+
+/**
+ * Macro TO_UTF8
+ * converts a wxString to a UTF8 encoded C string for all wxWidgets build modes.
+ * wxstring is a wxString, not a wxT() or _().  The scope of the return value
+ * is very limited and volatile, but can be used with printf() style functions well.
+ * NOTE: Trying to convert it to a function is tricky because of the
+ * type of the parameter!
+ */
+#define TO_UTF8( wxstring )  ( (const char*) (wxstring).utf8_str() )
+
+/**
+ * function FROM_UTF8
+ * converts a UTF8 encoded C string to a wxString for all wxWidgets build modes.
+ */
+static inline wxString FROM_UTF8( const char* cstring )
+{
+    wxString line = wxString::FromUTF8( cstring );
+
+    if( line.IsEmpty() )  // happens when cstring is not a valid UTF8 sequence
+        line = wxConvCurrent->cMB2WC( cstring );    // try to use locale conversion
+
+    return line;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Function GetChars
+ * returns a wxChar* to the actual wxChar* data within a wxString, and is
+ * helpful for passing strings to wxString::Printf() and wxString::Format().
+ * It can also be passed a UTF8 parameter which will be converted to wxString
+ * by the compiler.
+ * <p>
+ * Example:  wxString::Format( wxT( "%s" ), GetChars( UTF( "some text" ) ) );
+ * <p>
+ * When wxWidgets is properly built for KiCad, a const wxChar* points to either:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li> 32 bit unicode characters on linux/OSX or </li>
+ * <li> 16 bit UTF16 characters on windows. </li>
+ * </ul>
+ * Note that you cannot pass 8 bit strings to wxString::Format() or Printf() so this
+ * is a useful conversion function to wxChar*, which is needed by wxString::Format().
+ *
+ * @return const wxChar* - a pointer to the UNICODE or UTF16 (on windows) text.
+ */
+static inline const wxChar* GetChars( const wxString& s )
+{
+    return (const wxChar*) s.c_str();
+}
+
+/// # of elements in an array
+#define DIM( x )    unsigned( sizeof(x) / sizeof( (x)[0] ) )    // not size_t
+
+
+/**
+ * Function MIRROR
+ * Mirror @a aPoint in @a aMirrorRef.
+ */
+template<typename T>
+void MIRROR( T& aPoint, const T& aMirrorRef )
+{
+    aPoint = -( aPoint - aMirrorRef ) + aMirrorRef;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * Function Clamp
+ * limits @a value within the range @a lower <= @a value <= @a upper.  It will work
+ * on temporary expressions, since they are evaluated only once, and it should work
+ * on most if not all numeric types, string types, or any type for which "operator < ()"
+ * is present. The arguments are accepted in this order so you can remember the
+ * expression as a memory aid:
+ * <p>
+ * result is:  lower <= value <= upper
+ */
+template <typename T> inline const T& Clamp( const T& lower, const T& value, const T& upper )
+{
+    wxASSERT( lower <= upper );
+    if( value < lower )
+        return lower;
+    else if( upper < value )
+        return upper;
+    return value;
+}
+
+
+#endif /* ifdef MACRO_H */