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authorHarpreet2016-09-03 00:36:51 +0530
committerHarpreet2016-09-03 00:36:51 +0530
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+// Copyright (C) 2004, 2006 International Business Machines and others.
+// All Rights Reserved.
+// This code is published under the Eclipse Public License.
+//
+// $Id: IpReferenced.hpp 2182 2013-03-30 20:02:18Z stefan $
+//
+// Authors: Carl Laird, Andreas Waechter IBM 2004-08-13
+
+#ifndef __IPREFERENCED_HPP__
+#define __IPREFERENCED_HPP__
+
+#include "IpTypes.hpp"
+#include "IpDebug.hpp"
+
+#include <list>
+
+#if COIN_IPOPT_CHECKLEVEL > 3
+ #define IP_DEBUG_REFERENCED
+#endif
+
+namespace Ipopt
+{
+
+ /** Psydo-class, from which everything has to inherit that wants to
+ * use be registered as a Referencer for a ReferencedObject.
+ */
+ class Referencer
+ {}
+ ;
+
+ /** ReferencedObject class.
+ * This is part of the implementation of an intrusive smart pointer
+ * design. This class stores the reference count of all the smart
+ * pointers that currently reference it. See the documentation for
+ * the SmartPtr class for more details.
+ *
+ * A SmartPtr behaves much like a raw pointer, but manages the lifetime
+ * of an object, deleting the object automatically. This class implements
+ * a reference-counting, intrusive smart pointer design, where all
+ * objects pointed to must inherit off of ReferencedObject, which
+ * stores the reference count. Although this is intrusive (native types
+ * and externally authored classes require wrappers to be referenced
+ * by smart pointers), it is a safer design. A more detailed discussion of
+ * these issues follows after the usage information.
+ *
+ * Usage Example:
+ * Note: to use the SmartPtr, all objects to which you point MUST
+ * inherit off of ReferencedObject.
+ *
+ * \verbatim
+ *
+ * In MyClass.hpp...
+ *
+ * #include "IpReferenced.hpp"
+
+ * namespace Ipopt {
+ *
+ * class MyClass : public ReferencedObject // must derive from ReferencedObject
+ * {
+ * ...
+ * }
+ * } // namespace Ipopt
+ *
+ *
+ * In my_usage.cpp...
+ *
+ * #include "IpSmartPtr.hpp"
+ * #include "MyClass.hpp"
+ *
+ * void func(AnyObject& obj)
+ * {
+ * SmartPtr<MyClass> ptr_to_myclass = new MyClass(...);
+ * // ptr_to_myclass now points to a new MyClass,
+ * // and the reference count is 1
+ *
+ * ...
+ *
+ * obj.SetMyClass(ptr_to_myclass);
+ * // Here, let's assume that AnyObject uses a
+ * // SmartPtr<MyClass> internally here.
+ * // Now, both ptr_to_myclass and the internal
+ * // SmartPtr in obj point to the same MyClass object
+ * // and its reference count is 2.
+ *
+ * ...
+ *
+ * // No need to delete ptr_to_myclass, this
+ * // will be done automatically when the
+ * // reference count drops to zero.
+ *
+ * }
+ *
+ * \endverbatim
+ *
+ * Other Notes:
+ * The SmartPtr implements both dereference operators -> & *.
+ * The SmartPtr does NOT implement a conversion operator to
+ * the raw pointer. Use the GetRawPtr() method when this
+ * is necessary. Make sure that the raw pointer is NOT
+ * deleted.
+ * The SmartPtr implements the comparison operators == & !=
+ * for a variety of types. Use these instead of
+ * \verbatim
+ * if (GetRawPtr(smrt_ptr) == ptr) // Don't use this
+ * \endverbatim
+ * SmartPtr's, as currently implemented, do NOT handle circular references.
+ * For example: consider a higher level object using SmartPtrs to point to
+ * A and B, but A and B also point to each other (i.e. A has a SmartPtr
+ * to B and B has a SmartPtr to A). In this scenario, when the higher
+ * level object is finished with A and B, their reference counts will
+ * never drop to zero (since they reference each other) and they
+ * will not be deleted. This can be detected by memory leak tools like
+ * valgrind. If the circular reference is necessary, the problem can be
+ * overcome by a number of techniques:
+ *
+ * 1) A and B can have a method that "releases" each other, that is
+ * they set their internal SmartPtrs to NULL.
+ * \verbatim
+ * void AClass::ReleaseCircularReferences()
+ * {
+ * smart_ptr_to_B = NULL;
+ * }
+ * \endverbatim
+ * Then, the higher level class can call these methods before
+ * it is done using A & B.
+ *
+ * 2) Raw pointers can be used in A and B to reference each other.
+ * Here, an implicit assumption is made that the lifetime is
+ * controlled by the higher level object and that A and B will
+ * both exist in a controlled manner. Although this seems
+ * dangerous, in many situations, this type of referencing
+ * is very controlled and this is reasonably safe.
+ *
+ * 3) This SmartPtr class could be redesigned with the Weak/Strong
+ * design concept. Here, the SmartPtr is identified as being
+ * Strong (controls lifetime of the object) or Weak (merely
+ * referencing the object). The Strong SmartPtr increments
+ * (and decrements) the reference count in ReferencedObject
+ * but the Weak SmartPtr does not. In the example above,
+ * the higher level object would have Strong SmartPtrs to
+ * A and B, but A and B would have Weak SmartPtrs to each
+ * other. Then, when the higher level object was done with
+ * A and B, they would be deleted. The Weak SmartPtrs in A
+ * and B would not decrement the reference count and would,
+ * of course, not delete the object. This idea is very similar
+ * to item (2), where it is implied that the sequence of events
+ * is controlled such that A and B will not call anything using
+ * their pointers following the higher level delete (i.e. in
+ * their destructors!). This is somehow safer, however, because
+ * code can be written (however expensive) to perform run-time
+ * detection of this situation. For example, the ReferencedObject
+ * could store pointers to all Weak SmartPtrs that are referencing
+ * it and, in its destructor, tell these pointers that it is
+ * dying. They could then set themselves to NULL, or set an
+ * internal flag to detect usage past this point.
+ *
+ * For every most derived object only one ReferencedObject may exist,
+ * that is multiple inheritance requires virtual inheritance, see also
+ * the 2nd point in ticket #162.
+ *
+ * Comments on Non-Intrusive Design:
+ * In a non-intrusive design, the reference count is stored somewhere other
+ * than the object being referenced. This means, unless the reference
+ * counting pointer is the first referencer, it must get a pointer to the
+ * referenced object from another smart pointer (so it has access to the
+ * reference count location). In this non-intrusive design, if we are
+ * pointing to an object with a smart pointer (or a number of smart
+ * pointers), and we then give another smart pointer the address through
+ * a RAW pointer, we will have two independent, AND INCORRECT, reference
+ * counts. To avoid this pitfall, we use an intrusive reference counting
+ * technique where the reference count is stored in the object being
+ * referenced.
+ */
+ class ReferencedObject
+ {
+ public:
+ ReferencedObject()
+ :
+ reference_count_(0)
+ {}
+
+ virtual ~ReferencedObject()
+ {
+ DBG_ASSERT(reference_count_ == 0);
+ }
+
+ inline
+ Index ReferenceCount() const;
+
+ inline
+ void AddRef(const Referencer* referencer) const;
+
+ inline
+ void ReleaseRef(const Referencer* referencer) const;
+
+ private:
+ mutable Index reference_count_;
+
+# ifdef IP_DEBUG_REFERENCED
+ mutable std::list<const Referencer*> referencers_;
+# endif
+
+ };
+
+ /* inline methods */
+ inline
+ Index ReferencedObject::ReferenceCount() const
+ {
+ // DBG_START_METH("ReferencedObject::ReferenceCount()", 0);
+ // DBG_PRINT((1,"Returning reference_count_ = %d\n", reference_count_));
+ return reference_count_;
+ }
+
+ inline
+ void ReferencedObject::AddRef(const Referencer* referencer) const
+ {
+ // DBG_START_METH("ReferencedObject::AddRef(const Referencer* referencer)", 0);
+ reference_count_++;
+ // DBG_PRINT((1, "New reference_count_ = %d\n", reference_count_));
+# ifdef IP_DEBUG_REFERENCED
+ referencers_.push_back(referencer);
+# endif
+
+ }
+
+ inline
+ void ReferencedObject::ReleaseRef(const Referencer* referencer) const
+ {
+ // DBG_START_METH("ReferencedObject::ReleaseRef(const Referencer* referencer)",
+ // 0);
+ reference_count_--;
+ // DBG_PRINT((1, "New reference_count_ = %d\n", reference_count_));
+
+# ifdef IP_DEBUG_REFERENCED
+
+ bool found = false;
+ std::list<const Referencer*>::iterator iter;
+ for (iter = referencers_.begin(); iter != referencers_.end(); iter++) {
+ if ((*iter) == referencer) {
+ found = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // cannot call release on a reference that was never added...
+ DBG_ASSERT(found);
+
+ if (found) {
+ referencers_.erase(iter);
+ }
+# endif
+
+ }
+
+
+} // namespace Ipopt
+
+#endif