diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'day1/Session-1.tex~')
| -rwxr-xr-x | day1/Session-1.tex~ | 636 |
1 files changed, 636 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/day1/Session-1.tex~ b/day1/Session-1.tex~ new file mode 100755 index 0000000..f57d518 --- /dev/null +++ b/day1/Session-1.tex~ @@ -0,0 +1,636 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Tutorial slides on Python. +% +% Author: Prabhu Ramachandran <prabhu at aero.iitb.ac.in> +% Copyright (c) 2005-2008, Prabhu Ramachandran +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\documentclass[14pt,compress]{beamer} +%\documentclass[draft]{beamer} +%\documentclass[compress,handout]{beamer} +%\usepackage{pgfpages} +%\pgfpagesuselayout{2 on 1}[a4paper,border shrink=5mm] + +% Modified from: generic-ornate-15min-45min.de.tex +\mode<presentation> +{ + \usetheme{Warsaw} + \useoutertheme{split} + \setbeamercovered{transparent} +} + +\usepackage[english]{babel} +\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +%\usepackage{times} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} + +% Taken from Fernando's slides. +\usepackage{ae,aecompl} +\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} +\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet} + +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0} + +\usepackage{listings} +\lstset{language=Python, + basicstyle=\ttfamily, + commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, + stringstyle=\color{darkgreen}, + showstringspaces=false, + keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Macros +\setbeamercolor{emphbar}{bg=blue!20, fg=black} +\newcommand{\emphbar}[1] +{\begin{beamercolorbox}[rounded=true]{emphbar} + {#1} + \end{beamercolorbox} +} +\newcounter{time} +\setcounter{time}{0} +\newcommand{\inctime}[1]{\addtocounter{time}{#1}{\tiny \thetime\ m}} + +\newcommand{\typ}[1]{\texttt{#1}} + +\newcommand{\kwrd}[1]{ \texttt{\textbf{\color{blue}{#1}}} } + +%%% This is from Fernando's setup. +% \usepackage{color} +% \definecolor{orange}{cmyk}{0,0.4,0.8,0.2} +% % Use and configure listings package for nicely formatted code +% \usepackage{listings} +% \lstset{ +% language=Python, +% basicstyle=\small\ttfamily, +% commentstyle=\ttfamily\color{blue}, +% stringstyle=\ttfamily\color{orange}, +% showstringspaces=false, +% breaklines=true, +% postbreak = \space\dots +% } + + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Title page +\title[Basic Python]{Python:\\A great programming toolkit} + +\author[FOSSEE Team] {Asokan Pichai\\Prabhu Ramachandran} + +\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay} +\date[] {10, October 2009} +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +%\pgfdeclareimage[height=0.75cm]{iitmlogo}{iitmlogo} +%\logo{\pgfuseimage{iitmlogo}} + + +%% Delete this, if you do not want the table of contents to pop up at +%% the beginning of each subsection: +\AtBeginSubsection[] +{ + \begin{frame}<beamer> + \frametitle{Outline} + \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection] + \end{frame} +} + + +% If you wish to uncover everything in a step-wise fashion, uncomment +% the following command: +%\beamerdefaultoverlayspecification{<+->} + +%\includeonlyframes{current,current1,current2,current3,current4,current5,current6} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% DOCUMENT STARTS +\begin{document} + +\begin{frame} + \titlepage +\end{frame} +\begin{frame} + {Acknowledgements} + \begin{center} + This program is conducted by\\ + IIT, Bombay\\ + through CDEEP\\as part of the open source initiatives\\ + under the aegis of\\ + \alert{National Mission on Education through ICT,} \\ + Ministry of HRD. + \end{center} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Outline} + \tableofcontents + % You might wish to add the option [pausesections] +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% TODO +% +% * Add slide on Python packages (modules) +% * Add slides on reference counting. + +\section{Agenda} +\begin{frame}{About the Workshop} + \begin{description} + \item[Day 1, Session 1] Sat 09:30--11:00 + \item[Day 1, Session 2] Sat 11:15--12:45 + \item[Day 1, Session 3] Sat 13:45--15:15 + \item[Day 1, Session 4] Sat 15:30--17:00 + \item[Day 2, Session 1] Sun 09:30--11:00 + \item[Day 2, Session 2] Sun 11:15--12:45 + \item[Day 2, Session 3] Sun 13:45--15:15 + \item[Day 2, Session 4] Sun 15:30--17:00 + \end{description} +\end{frame} + +\section{Agenda} +\begin{frame}{About the Workshop} + \begin{block}{Goal of the workshop} + Successful participants will be able to use python as their scripting and problem solving language. + \end{block} + \begin{block}{Workshop Audience} + Aimed at Engg., Mathematics and Science teachers but should serve a similar purpose for others. + \end{block} + \begin{block}{Focus of the workshop} + Focus on basic numerics and plotting + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Checklist} + \begin{block}{python} + Type python at the command line. Do you see version 2.5 or later? + \end{block} + \begin{block}{IPython} + Is IPython available? + \end{block} + \begin{block}{Editor} + Which editor? scite, vim, emacs, \ldots + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\section{Overview} +\begin{frame}{Session 1} + \begin{itemize} + \item Introduction and motivation + \item Using the interpreter(s) + \item Basic data types: int, float, string + \item Basic data structures: list + \item Basic console IO: \texttt{raw\_input(), print} + \item Basic control flow: \texttt{if, while} + \item Problem set 1 + \item Functions $\rightarrow$ Problem set 2 + \item lists, \texttt{for} $\rightarrow$ Problem set 3 + \item IO, Modules $\rightarrow$ Problem sets 4,5, \ldots + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Introduction} + \begin{itemize} + \item Creator and BDFL: Guido van Rossum + \item December 1989 + \item ``Python'' as in Monty Python's Flying Circus + \item 2.6.x + \item PSF license (like BSD: no strings attached) + \item Highly cross platform + \item Nokia series 60! + \item \alert{Philosophy:} Simple and complete by design + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Resources} + \begin{itemize} + \item Part of many GNU/Linux distributions + \item Web: \url{http://www.python.org} + \item Doc: \url{http://www.python.org/doc} + \item Free Tutorials: + \begin{itemize} + \item Official Python tutorial: \url{http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html} + \item Byte of Python: \url{http://www.byteofpython.info/} + \item Dive into Python: \url{http://diveintopython.org/} + \end{itemize} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Why Python?} + \begin{itemize} + \item Readable and easy to use + \item High level, interpreted, modular, OO + \item Much faster development cycle + \item Powerful interactive environment + \item Rapid application development + \item Rich standard library and modules + \item Interfaces well with C++, C and FORTRAN + \item \alert{More than a math package $\Rightarrow$ some extra work compared to math packages} + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Use cases} + \begin{itemize} + \item NASA: Space Shuttle Mission Design + \item AstraZeneca: Collaborative Drug Discovery + \item ForecastWatch.com: Helps Meteorologists + \item Industrial Light \& Magic: Runs on Python + \item Zope: Commercial grade Toolkit + \item Plone: Professional high feature CMS + \item RedHat: install scripts, sys-admin tools + \item Django: A great web application framework + \item Google: A strong python shop + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{To sum up, python is\ldots} + \begin{itemize} + \item dynamically typed, interpreted $\rightarrow$ rapid testing/prototyping + \item powerful, very high level + \item has full introspection + \item Did we mention powerful? + \end{itemize} + \begin{block}{But \ldots} + may be wanting in performance. specialised resources such as SWIG, \alert{Cython} are available + \end{block} + \inctime{15} +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% TIME: 10 m, running 10m +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\section{Python} + +\subsection{Getting Started} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{At the prompt, type the following} + \begin{lstlisting} +>>> print 'Hello Python' +>>> print 3124 * 126789 +>>> 1786 % 12 +>>> 3124 * 126789 +>>> a = 3124 * 126789 +>>> big = 12345678901234567890 ** 3 +>>> verybig = big * big * big * big +>>> 12345**6, 12345**67, 12345**678 + \end{lstlisting} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{At the prompt, type the following} + \begin{lstlisting} +>>> s = 'Hello ' +>>> p = 'World' +>>> s + p +>>> s * 12 +>>> s * s +>>> s + p * 12, (s + p)* 12 +>>> s * 12 + p * 12 +>>> 12 * s + \end{lstlisting} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{At the prompt, type the following} + \begin{lstlisting} +>>> 17/2 +>>> 17/2.0 +>>> 17.0/2 +>>> 17.0/8.5 +>>> int(17/2.0) +>>> float(17/2) +>>> str(17/2.0) +>>> round( 7.5 ) + \end{lstlisting} + \begin{block}{Mini exercise} + Round a float to the nearest integer, using \texttt{int()}? + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Midi exercises} + \begin{center} + \begin{itemize} + \item What does this do? + \item \texttt{round(amount * 10) /10.0 } + \end{itemize} + \end{center} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{More exercises?} + \begin{center} + \begin{block}{Round sums} + How to round a number to the nearest 5 paise?\\ + \begin{description} + \item[Remember] 17.23 $\rightarrow$ 17.25,\\ while 17.22 $\rightarrow$ 17.20\\ + \end{description} + How to round a number to the nearest 20 paise? + \end{block} + \end{center} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] {A question of good style} + \begin{lstlisting} + amount = 12.68 + denom = 0.05 + nCoins = round(amount/denom) + rAmount = nCoins * denom + \end{lstlisting} + \pause + \begin{block}{Style Rule \#1} + Naming is 80\% of programming + \end{block} +\end{frame} + + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Odds and ends} + \begin{itemize} + \item Case sensitive + \item Dynamically typed $\Rightarrow$ need not specify a type + \begin{lstlisting} +a = 1 +a = 1.1 +a = "Now I am a string!" + \end{lstlisting} + \item Comments: + \begin{lstlisting} +a = 1 # In-line comments +# Comment in a line to itself. +a = "# This is not a comment!" + \end{lstlisting} + \end{itemize} + \inctime{15} +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% TIME: 10 m, running 20m +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\subsection{Data types} +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Basic types} + \begin{itemize} + \item Numbers: float, int, long, complex + \item Strings + \item Boolean + \end{itemize} + \begin{block}{Also to be discussed later} + tuples, lists, dictionaries, functions, objects\ldots + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Numbers} + \vspace*{-0.25in} + \begin{lstlisting} +>>> a = 1 # Int. +>>> l = 1000000L # Long +>>> e = 1.01325e5 # float +>>> f = 3.14159 # float +>>> c = 1+1j # Complex! +>>> print f*c/a +(3.14159+3.14159j) +>>> print c.real, c.imag +1.0 1.0 +>>> abs(c) +1.4142135623730951 +>>> abs( 8 - 9.5 ) +1.5 + \end{lstlisting} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Boolean} + \begin{lstlisting} +>>> t = True +>>> f = not t +False +>>> f or t +True +>>> f and t +False + \end{lstlisting} + \begin{block}{Try:} + NOT True\\ + not TRUE + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% TIME: 10 m, running 30m +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Relational and logical operators} + \begin{lstlisting} +>>> a, b, c = -1, 0, 1 +>>> a == b +False +>>> a <= b +True +>>> a + b != c +True +>>> a < b < c +True +>>> c >= a + b +True + \end{lstlisting} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Strings} + \begin{lstlisting} +s = 'this is a string' +s = 'This one has "quotes" inside!' +s = "I have 'single-quotes' inside!" +l = "A string spanning many lines\ +one more line\ +yet another" +t = """A triple quoted string does +not need to be escaped at the end and +"can have nested quotes" etc.""" + \end{lstlisting} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{More Strings} + \vspace*{-0.2in} + \begin{lstlisting} +>>> w = "hello" +>>> print w[0] + w[2] + w[-1] +hlo +>>> len(w) # guess what +5 +>>> s = u'Unicode strings!' +>>> # Raw strings (note the leading 'r') +... r_s = r'A string $\alpha \nu$' + \end{lstlisting} +\pause + \begin{lstlisting} +>>> w[0] = 'H' # Can't do that! +Traceback (most recent call last): + File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? +TypeError: object does not support item assignment + \end{lstlisting} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Let us switch to IPython} + Why? + \begin{block} + {Better help (and a lot more)} + Tab completion\\ + ?\\ + .?\\ + object.function? + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{More on strings} + \begin{lstlisting} +In [1]: a = 'hello world' +In [2]: a.startswith('hell') +Out[2]: True +In [3]: a.endswith('ld') +Out[3]: True +In [4]: a.upper() +Out[4]: 'HELLO WORLD' +In [5]: a.upper().lower() +Out[5]: 'hello world' + \end{lstlisting} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Still with strings} + \begin{lstlisting} +In [6]: a.split() +Out[6]: ['hello', 'world'] +In [7]: ''.join(['a', 'b', 'c']) +Out[7]: 'abc' +In [8] 'd' in ''.join( 'a', 'b', 'c') +Out[8]: False + \end{lstlisting} + \begin{block}{Try:} + \texttt{a.split( 'o' )}\\ + \texttt{'x'.join( a.split( 'o' ) )} + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile]{Surprise! strings!!} + \begin{lstlisting} +In [11]: x, y = 1, 1.2 +In [12]: 'x is %s, y is %s' %(x, y) +Out[12]: 'x is 1, y is 1.234' + \end{lstlisting} + \begin{block}{Try:} + \texttt{'x is \%d, y is \%f' \%(x, y) }\\ + \texttt{'x is \%3d, y is \%4.2f' \%(x, y) } + \end{block} + \small +\url{docs.python.org/lib/typesseq-strings.html}\\ +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + {Interlude} + \begin{block} + {A classic problem} + How to interchange values of two variables? Please note that the type of either variable is unknown and it is not necessary that both be of the same type even! + \end{block} + \inctime{30} +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% TIME: 25 m+ Interlude break 5 mins, running 60m +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\subsection{Control flow} +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Control flow constructs} + \begin{itemize} + \item \kwrd{if/elif/else}: branching + \item \kwrd{while}: looping + \item \kwrd{for}: iterating + \item \kwrd{break, continue}: modify loop + \item \kwrd{pass}: syntactic filler + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Basic conditional flow} + \begin{lstlisting} +In [21]: a = 7 +In [22]: b = 8 +In [23]: if a > b: + ....: print 'Hello' + ....: else: + ....: print 'World' + ....: + ....: +World + \end{lstlisting} + Let us switch to creating a file +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + {Creating python files} + \begin{itemize} + \item aka scripts + \item use your editor + \item Note that white space is the way to specify blocks! + \item extension \typ{.py} + \item run with \texttt{python hello.py} at the command line + \item in IPython\ldots + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{\typ{If...elif...else} example} +\begin{lstlisting} +x = int(raw_input("Enter an integer:")) +if x < 0: + print 'Be positive!' +elif x == 0: + print 'Zero' +elif x == 1: + print 'Single' +else: + print 'More' +\end{lstlisting} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}{Simple IO} + \begin{block} + {Console Input} + \texttt{raw\_input()} waits for user input.\\Prompt string is optional.\\ + All keystrokes are Strings!\\\texttt{int()} converts string to int. + \end{block} + \begin{block} + {Console output} + \texttt{print} is straight forward. Major point to remember is the distinction between \texttt{print x} and \texttt{print x,} + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Basic looping} + \begin{lstlisting} +# Fibonacci series: +# the sum of two elements +# defines the next +a, b = 0, 1 +while b < 10: + print b, + a, b = b, a + b + +\end{lstlisting} +\typ{1 1 2 3 5 8}\\ +\alert{Recall it is easy to write infinite loops with \kwrd{while}} + \inctime{20} +\end{frame} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% TIME: 20 m, running 80m +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\end{document} |