.. Objectives
.. ----------
.. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
.. 1. invoke the ``ipython`` interpreter .
.. #. quit the ``ipython`` interpreter.
.. #. navigate in the history of ``ipython``.
.. #. use of tab-completion for writing ipython functions.
.. #. look-up documentation of functions.
.. #. interrupt incomplete or incorrect commands.
.. Prerequisites
.. -------------
.. (it should be given in the first module)
.. should have ``ipython`` and ``pylab`` installed.
.. Author : Puneeth
Internal Reviewer : Anoop Jacob Thomas<anoop@fossee.in>
Language Review : Bhanukiran
External Reviewer :
Checklist OK? : <put date stamp here, if OK> [2010-10-05]
Script
------
.. L1
{{{ Show the first slide containing title, name of the production
team along with the logo of MHRD }}}
.. R1
Hello Friends and Welcome to the tutorial on "getting started with
``ipython``".
.. L2
{{{ Show slide with objectives }}}
.. R2
At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
1. invoke the ``ipython`` interpreter .
#. quit the ``ipython`` interpreter.
#. navigate the ``ipython`` session history.
#. use tab-completion for writing ipython functions.
#. look-up documentation of functions.
#. interrupt incomplete or incorrect commands.
.. R3
IPython is an enhanced Python interpreter that provides features like
tabcompletion, easier access to help and many other functionalities
which are not available in the vannila Python interpreter.
Let us first see how to start the ``ipython`` interpreter.First
open the terminal, type ``ipython`` in the terminal and hit enter.
.. L3
::
ipython
.. R4
After getting some information about the version of Python
installed and some help commands, we get a prompt with
In[1]:. But, if you get an error saying 'ipython is not
installed' then refer to the tutorial on how to install the packages.
.. L4
{{{Point to the version information with mouse}}}
{{{Point to the In[1]: prompt with mouse}}}
.. R5
Now,lets see how we can quit the ipython interpreter, press Ctrl-D.
.. L5
type Ctrl-D.
.. R6
A prompt will appear to confirm whether you really want to exit, type
y to say yes and quit ipython and n to say no if you don't want to quit
the ipython. Press y.
.. L6
{{{Press y and hit enter.}}}
.. R7
Now since we have quit the interpretor, let us start it again by
typing ``ipython``
.. L7
::
ipython
.. R8
And now let's see, how to use the interpreter.
Start with the simplest thing, addition.
type 1+2 at the prompt. IPython promptly gives back the output as 3.
Notice that the output is displayed with an ``Out[1]`` indication.
.. L8
::
1+2
{{{Point at the Out[1] prompt}}}
.. R9
Let us now try few more operations such as, 5 minus 3, 7
minus 4, 6 into 5.
.. L9
::
5 - 3
7 - 4
6 * 5
.. R10
Now let's see how the ipython remembers the history of commands.
For example ``print 1+2``.
Instead of typing the whole thing,use the up arrow key to go back to
the command ``1+2`` which we did before, now use the left-arrow key to
navigate to the beginning of the line and type the word``print``and
press space.We have changed the line to print 1+2, now press enter.
The interpreter prints the result as 3. Please note that the
indication Out square brackets is not shown here.
.. L10
{{{Use the up arrow key to go back to the command ``1+2``}}}
{{{Use left arrow to navigate to start of line }}}
Type
::
print
{{{Hit enter}}}
{{{Point at the Out[] prompt}}}
.. R11
Now let us do print 10 into 2. We use the up arrow key to navigate to
the previous command 1+2. Now change ``1 plus 2`` to ``10 into 2`` and
press enter.
.. L11
{{{ Change from ``print 1+2`` to ``print 10*2`` }}}
.. R12
Till now, we saw how to invoke the ipython interpreter,quit the
ipython and navigate through previous commands in ipython. Now, let's
see, what is tab-completion?. let's take an example, suppose we want
to use the function ``round``. For this we just type ``ro`` at the
prompt and press the tab key.
.. L12
::
ro<tab>
.. R13
As you can see on the terminal, IPython completes the command ``ro``
into round, This feature of ipython is called the tab-completion.
.. L13
{{{Stay on the terminal}}}
.. R14
Let's see some more possibilities of tab completion
just type ``r`` and then press the tab.
.. L14
::
r<tab>
.. R15
As u can see that IPython does not complete the command. This is
because, there are many possibilities of ``r`` therefore it just lists
out all the possible completions of r.
.. L15
{{{Stay on the terminal}}}
.. L16
{{{Show slide with exercise 1}}}
.. R16
Now let's try out an exercise. Pause the video,solve the problem and
resume the video.
1. find out the commands starting with "ab"?
2. list out the commands starting with "a"?
.. R17
Switch to the terminal for solution.
``ab`` tab completes to ``abs`` and ``a<tab>`` gives us a list of all
the commands starting with a.
.. L17
::
ab<tab>
a<tab>
.. R18
Now, let's see what the functions abs is used for. We will use the
help features of ipython to find out this. To see the documentation
of a function, type the function name followed by a exercise mark.
Ipython interpreter will show the documentation for the
function. Let us see the documentation of the function abs, type
abs? and press enter
.. L18
::
abs?
.. L19
::
abs(-19)
abs(19)
.. R19
As the documentation says, ``abs`` accepts a number as an input and
returns it's absolute value.
lets see few examples,
Type abs(-19) and abs(19) on the interpreter.
We get 19, as expected, in both the cases.
.. R20
Now lets try it for decimal numbers; lets try abs(-10.5), we got 10.5
as the result.
.. L20
::
abs(-10.5)
.. R21
Pause the video here, try out the following exercise and resume the video.
Look-up the documentation of ``round`` and see how to use it.
.. L21
{{{Show slide with exercise 2}}}
.. L22
::
round?
.. R22
Switch to the terminal for solution.
And you can look up the documentation of the function round by typing
round exercise mark in the ipython interpreter.
.. L23
{{{highlight the syntax with mouse hover on terminal}}}
.. R23
If you notice, there are extra square brackets around ``ndigits``.
This means that ``ndigits`` is optional and 0 is the default value.
Optional parameters are shown in square brackets in Python
documentation.
The function ``round``, rounds a number to a given precision.
.. R24
Pause the video here, try out the following exercise and resume the video.
Let us now try few more examples with the function round.
Check the output of
round(2.48)
round(2.48, 1)
round(2.48, 2)
round(2.484)
round(2.484, 1)
round(2.484, 2)
.. L24
{{{Show slide with exercise 3}}}
.. L25
{{{Show slide with solution 3 }}}
.. R25
We get 2.0, 2.5 and 2.48, which are what we expect.
.. R26
Let's now see how to correct typing errors which we often make while
typing at the terminal. As already shown, if we haven't hit the enter
key already, we could navigate using the arrow keys and make deletions
using delete or backspace key and correct the errors.
let us make a typing error deliberately,
type
round(2.484
and hit enter, without closing the parenthesis.
.. L26
{{{ switch to terminal }}}
::
round(2.484
{{{Hit enter}}}
.. R27
We get a prompt with dots. This prompt is the continuation prompt of
``ipython``. It appears when, the previous line is incomplete. now
complete the command of the same examples with close parenthesis and
press enter. We got the expected output that is 2.0
.. L27
{{{ Point at the prompt with three dots }}}
::
)
.. R28
In other instances, if we commit a typing error with a longer and more
complex expression and end up with the continuation prompt, we can
type Ctrl-C to interrupt the command and to get back to the
``ipython`` input prompt.
.. L28
<Type any big random number>
::
round(35.488762320
Ctrl-C
.. R29
Pause the video here, try out the following exercise and resume the video.
1. type round(2.484, and press enter. and then cancel the command
using Ctrl-C.
2. type the command, round(2.484, 2)
.. L29
{{{Show slide with exercise 4}}}
.. L30
{{{ show the solution on terminal }}}
::
round(2.484
^C
round(2.484, 2)
.. R30
.. L31
{{{ show the summary slide }}}
.. R31
This brings us to the end of this tutorial.In this tutorial,we have learnt to,
1. Invoke the ``ipython`` interpreter by typing ipython.
#. Quit the ``ipython`` interpreter by using <ctrl>d.
#. Navigate in the history of ``ipython`` by using the arrow keys.
#. Use the tab-completion feauture for writing python functions.
#. See the documentation of functions using exercise mark.
#. Interrupt using <ctrl>c when we make an error.
.. R32
Here are some self assessment questionss for you to solve
1. ``ipython`` is a programming language similar to Python.
True or False
2. Which key combination quits ``ipython``?
- Ctrl + C
- Ctrl + D
- Alt + C
- Alt + D
3. Which character is used at the end of a command, in Ipython to
display the documentation.
- under score (_)
- exercise mark (?)
- exclamation mark (!)
- ampersand (&)
.. L32
{{{Show self assessment questions slide}}}
.. L33
{{{solution of self assessment questiones on slide}}}
.. R33
And the answers,
1. Ipython is not a programming language, it is just an interpreter.
2. We use Ctrl D to quit Ipython interpreter.
3. We use ? at the end of the function name to display its documentation.
.. L34
{{{Show thank you slide}}}
.. R34
Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful.
Thank you!