From 174005a4edbb6e60cc5021461d7381541539f55a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Snehalatha Kaliappan Date: Mon, 11 Apr 2022 12:51:23 +0530 Subject: added dicholorethane files --- Dichloroethane.html | 178 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ resources/Dichloroethane-eclipse.mol | 20 ++++ resources/Dichloroethane-gauche.mol | 20 ++++ resources/Dichloroethane-staggered.mol | 20 ++++ 4 files changed, 238 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Dichloroethane.html create mode 100644 resources/Dichloroethane-eclipse.mol create mode 100644 resources/Dichloroethane-gauche.mol create mode 100644 resources/Dichloroethane-staggered.mol diff --git a/Dichloroethane.html b/Dichloroethane.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..46f6f85 --- /dev/null +++ b/Dichloroethane.html @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + Structure of an Atom + + + + + + +
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Structure of an Atom

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Note : To scroll over the structure & description, ensure mouse is placed over grey area

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Structure 1 (Dichloroethane-eclipse.mol)

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Structure 2 (Dichloroethane-gauche.mol)

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Structure 3 (Dichloroethane-staggered.mol)

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+ Structure 1 (Dichloroethane-eclipse.mol) + Structures that can be interconverted simply by rotation about single bonds are conformers. + +The energy barrier to the rotation of C-C single bond in ethane molecule at room temperature in gas phase is about 12.5 KJ/mol/3.0 Kcal/mol which is very similar to ethane , 12.1 KJ/mol/2.9 Kcal/mol. + +1-2 dichloroethane exists in 3 major conformations: staggered , gauche and eclipse conformations. Look at the viewes of molecules to see why the conformations have these names. (click on end-on view button). +In eclipse conformation the one chlorine atom in the front eclipses the other chlorine atom which is on the back, torsional angle is 0 degrees.In eclipsed conformation the torsional angle is 0, it has highest potential energy , hence the least stable conformation. +

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+ Structure 2 (Dichloroethane-gauche.mol) + In eclipsed form, the front and rear carbons are superimposing each other, torsional angle is 0 degrees. In this form, the atoms are very close to each other which results in the electrostatic repulsion between the electronic clouds of two bonded molecules.Hence it is the least stable conformation. +

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+ Structure 3 (Dichloroethane-staggered.mol) + In the staggered conformation the two chlorine atoms appear to be facing opposite directions, torsional angle is 180 degrees.The staggered conformation is lower in energy than eclipse by 12.1 KJ/mol, this is the value of rotational barrier. + In gaseaous state at 22 degrees centigarde, 73% of staggered form exitsts when compared to 67% for n-butane. The higher stability of staggered /anti conformer is because of steric factor and also strong electrostaic interaction, strong dipole-dipole repulsion in gauche conformation. + +However, in polar solvents, the gauche conformer population increases due to decrease in the coulumbic interaction of dipoles in the polar solvent. The conformer with high dipole moment solvates in polar solvent and gain more energy, therefore the gauche conformer population increases. + +In liquid state both anti and gauche conformers are almost equally populated. +Why is the eclipsed conformation higher in energy than tha staggered conformation.The steric factors make up to only 10% of the rotational barrier, The two more important factors are: Repulsions between negatively charged electrons in the C-H bonds, this is energitically unfovorable.Molecular orbital interaction between a populated C-H σ bond and the empty C-H σ* orbital on the neighbouring carbon. +

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+ + diff --git a/resources/Dichloroethane-eclipse.mol b/resources/Dichloroethane-eclipse.mol new file mode 100644 index 0000000..12a8c2f --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/Dichloroethane-eclipse.mol @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +string +__Jmol-14_04112212243D 1 1.00000 0.00000 0 +Jmol version 14.32.46 2022-04-07 01:16 EXTRACT: ({0:7}) + 8 7 0 0 0 0 999 V2000 + 0.0024 -0.0037 -0.0114 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 + -0.0705 -0.1069 1.5063 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 + -1.4527 0.8019 -0.6504 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.8712 0.5836 -0.3302 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.0664 -0.9903 -0.4781 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + -0.0469 -1.1485 1.8401 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + -1.5853 0.6158 2.1043 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.7593 0.4254 1.9822 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 1 5 1 0 0 0 + 1 2 1 0 0 0 + 3 1 1 0 0 0 + 4 1 1 0 0 0 + 6 2 1 0 0 0 + 7 2 1 0 0 0 + 8 2 1 0 0 0 +M END diff --git a/resources/Dichloroethane-gauche.mol b/resources/Dichloroethane-gauche.mol new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ef76401 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/Dichloroethane-gauche.mol @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +string +__Jmol-14_04112212253D 1 1.00000 0.00000 0 +Jmol version 14.32.46 2022-04-07 01:16 EXTRACT: ({0:7}) + 8 7 0 0 0 0 999 V2000 + 0.0018 -0.0039 -0.0115 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 + 0.0138 -0.0777 1.5097 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 + -1.4862 0.7918 -0.5836 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.8518 0.5755 -0.3897 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.0388 -0.9994 -0.4618 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + -0.8443 -0.6385 1.8918 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + -0.0576 1.5590 2.2100 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.9277 -0.5547 1.8783 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 1 5 1 0 0 0 + 1 2 1 0 0 0 + 3 1 1 0 0 0 + 4 1 1 0 0 0 + 6 2 1 0 0 0 + 7 2 1 0 0 0 + 8 2 1 0 0 0 +M END diff --git a/resources/Dichloroethane-staggered.mol b/resources/Dichloroethane-staggered.mol new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b2ac888 --- /dev/null +++ b/resources/Dichloroethane-staggered.mol @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +file:/home/snehalatha/Documents/Files-March14-2022/Jmol-mol-files/Dicholoroet... +__Jmol-14_04112212383D 1 1.00000 0.00000 0 +Jmol version 14.32.46 2022-04-07 01:16 EXTRACT: ({0:7}) + 8 7 0 0 0 0 999 V2000 + -0.0042 -0.0034 -0.0116 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 + 0.0745 -0.0907 1.5074 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 + -0.0585 1.6993 -0.5334 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.8722 -0.4650 -0.4840 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + -0.8983 -0.4972 -0.3995 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.9693 0.4013 1.8968 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0.1263 -1.7942 2.0264 Cl 0 0 0 0 0 0 + -0.8033 0.3709 1.9795 H 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 1 5 1 0 0 0 + 1 2 1 0 0 0 + 3 1 1 0 0 0 + 4 1 1 0 0 0 + 6 2 1 0 0 0 + 7 2 1 0 0 0 + 8 2 1 0 0 0 +M END -- cgit