15 files changed, 662 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/06- track.mp3 b/ult/ult_7/06- track.mp3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/06- track.mp3
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/clause.sh b/ult/ult_7/clause.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23017f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/clause.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Script to greet the user according to time of day
+hour=`date | cut -c12-13`
+now=`date +"%A, %d of %B, %Y (%r)"`
+if [ $hour -lt 12 ]
+then
+  mess="Good Morning $LOGNAME, Have a nice day!"
+fi
+
+if [ $hour -gt 12 -a $hour -le 16 ]
+then
+  mess="Good Afternoon $LOGNAME"
+fi
+
+if [ $hour -gt 16 -a $hour -le 18 ]
+then
+  mess="Good Evening $LOGNAME"
+fi
+echo -e "$mess\nIt is $now"
+
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/dir-test.sh b/ult/ult_7/dir-test.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11479ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/dir-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+if test -d $1
+then
+  echo "Yes, the directory" $1 "is present"
+fi
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/emerald.mp3 b/ult/ult_7/emerald.mp3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/emerald.mp3
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/for-1.sh b/ult/ult_7/for-1.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86545b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/for-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+for i in {5..10}
+do
+  echo $i
+done
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/for-2.sh b/ult/ult_7/for-2.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad34c9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/for-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+for i in `ls *.mp3`
+do
+  echo "$i"
+done
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/for-3.sh b/ult/ult_7/for-3.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bb9f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/for-3.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+for i in *.mp3
+do
+  echo "$i"
+done
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/for-5.sh b/ult/ult_7/for-5.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc17f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/for-5.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+for i in *.mp3
+do 
+  mv $i `echo $f|tr -s " " "-"|cut -d - -f 2-`
+done
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/premier.mp3 b/ult/ult_7/premier.mp3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/premier.mp3
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/script.rst b/ult/ult_7/script.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4efdfd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/script.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+.. Objectives
+.. ----------
+   
+   .. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to:
+   
+   ..   1. Prepare scripts using 'Control Operators'.
+   ..   2. Understand what 'Environment Variables' are.
+
+.. Prerequisites
+.. -------------
+
+..   1. Using Linux tools - Part 1
+..   2. Using Linux tools - Part 2
+..   3. Using Linux tools - Part 3
+..   4. Using Linux tools - Part 4
+..   5. Using Linux tools - Part 5
+..   6. Using Linux tools - Part 6
+
+
+ 
+Script
+------
+
+.. L1
+
+{{{ Show the  first slide containing title, name of the production
+team along with the logo of MHRD }}}
+
+.. R1
+
+Hello friends and Welcome to the tutorial on
+'Using linux tools - Part 7'.
+
+.. L2
+
+{{{ Show the 'Objectives' slide }}}
+
+.. R2
+
+At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
+
+ 1. Prepare scripts using 'Control Operators'.
+ 2. Understand what 'Environment Variables' are.
+ 
+.. L3
+
+{{{ Switch to the pre-requisite slide }}}
+
+.. R3
+
+Before beginning this tutorial, we suggest you to complete the
+tutorials, "Using Linux tools, Part 1 to Part 6".
+
+.. R4
+
+We have many 'Control Structures and Operators' available in the linux bash.
+Let us look at how to use them.
+To write an 'if', or an 'if-else' construct, we need to check or test for a
+condition(s). The ``test`` command allows us to test for condition(s). It has
+a whole range of tests that can be performed. The man page of ``test``
+gives you the complete listing of various types of tests that can be performed 
+with it.
+
+Let's write a simple script with an ``if`` condition that tests whether a
+directory with a particular name, exists or not.
+
+.. L4
+
+.. L5
+
+{{{ Show slide, 'if' }}}
+
+.. R5
+
+Let us create a script named ``dir-test.sh`` with this code.
+
+    #!/bin/bash
+    if test -d $1
+    then
+      echo "Yes, the directory" $1 "is present"
+    fi
+
+When the script is run with an argument, it will print a message, if a
+directory with the said name exists in the current working directory.
+
+.. R6
+
+Let's write a simple script which returns back whether the argument passed
+is negative or not.
+
+.. L6
+
+{{{ Open the file sign.sh and show }}}
+::
+
+   #!/bin/bash
+   if test $1 -lt 0
+   then
+     echo "number is negative"
+   else
+     echo "number is non-negative"
+   fi
+
+.. R7
+
+We can run the file with a set of different inputs and see if it works.
+
+.. L7
+
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+   ./sign.sh -11
+
+.. R8
+
+Instead of using the ``test`` command, square brackets may also be used.
+
+.. L8
+
+.. L9
+
+{{{ Show slide, [ ] - alias for test }}}
+
+.. R9
+
+Note that the spacing is important, when using the square brackets.
+The left square bracket ( ``[`` ) should be followed by a space and the right 
+square bracket ( ``]`` ) should be preceded by a space.
+
+Let's create something interesting using the 'if-else' clause. Let's write a
+script, that greets the user, based on the time.
+
+.. L10
+
+{{{ Open the file clause.sh and show }}}
+{{{ Highlight the required content wherever necessary, while narrating }}}
+
+.. R10
+
+There are a couple of new things in this script. ``$LOGNAME`` is another
+'environment variable', which has the login name of the  user. The variables,
+``hour`` and ``now`` are actually taking the output of the commands that
+are placed in the back quotes.
+
+Now, let us see how to run loops in bash. We shall look at the ``for`` and
+the ``while`` loops.
+
+.. L11
+
+{{{ Show slide, 'for' }}}
+
+.. R11
+
+Suppose we have a set of files, whose file-names contain numbers before the 
+text, say ``08 - Society.mp3``. We would like to rename these files by 
+removing the numbers before the text. How would we go about doing that?
+
+It is clear from the problem statement that we could loop over the list of
+files and rename each of them.
+
+.. R12
+
+First, let us look at a simple ``for`` loop, to understand how it works.
+
+.. L12
+
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    for animal in rat cat dog man
+    do
+      echo $animal
+    done
+
+.. R13
+
+We just wrote a list of animals, each name separated by a space
+and then printed each name on a separate line. The variable ``animal`` is a
+'dummy' or a 'loop variable'. It can then be used to refer to the element of
+the list that is currently being dealt with. We could, obviously, use
+something as lame as ``i`` in place of ``animal``.
+
+.. L13
+
+.. R14
+
+To generate a range of numbers and iterate over them, we do the following.
+
+.. L14
+
+{{{ Open the script ``for-1.sh`` and show }}}
+
+.. R15
+
+Now, let us run the script and see what we get,
+
+.. L15
+
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    sh for-1.sh
+
+.. R16
+
+Now, we use a ``for`` loop to list the files that we are interested in.
+
+.. L16
+
+{{{ Open the script ``for-2.sh`` and show }}}
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    sh for-2.sh
+
+.. R17
+    
+If the file-names contain spaces, ``for`` assumes, each word separated by a 
+space,to be a single item in the list and prints it in a separate line. We 
+could modify the script slightly to overcome this problem.
+
+.. L17
+
+{{{ Open the script ``for-3.sh`` and show }}}
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    sh for-3.sh
+
+.. R18
+
+Now, we have each file name printed on a separate line. The file names are
+in the form ``dd - Name.mp3`` and it has to be changed to the format
+``Name.mp3``. Also, if the name has spaces, we wish to replace it with
+hyphens.
+
+.. L18
+ 
+{{{ Open the script ``for-4.sh`` and show }}}
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    sh for-4.sh
+
+.. R19
+
+Now, we simply replace the echo command with a ``mv``  command.
+
+.. L19
+
+{{{ Open the script ``for-5.sh`` and show }}}
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    sh for-5.sh
+
+.. R20
+
+We see that we get our required output. All the files have been renamed and
+the spaces are removed.
+Now let us move ahead with ``while`` loop.
+The ``while`` command allows us to continuously execute a block of commands
+until the command that is controlling the loop is executing successfully.
+
+.. L20
+
+.. R21
+
+Let's start with the lamest example of a ''while'' loop.
+
+.. L21
+
+{{{ Open the script ``while-1.sh`` and show }}}
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    sh while-1.sh
+
+.. R22
+
+This, as you can see, is an infinite loop that prints ``True``.
+
+Say, we wish to write a simple program that takes input from the user
+and prints it back, until the input is ``quit``, which then quits the program.
+
+.. L22
+
+{{{ Open the script ``while-2.sh`` and show }}}
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    sh while-2.sh
+
+.. L23
+
+{{{ Show slide, Environment Variables }}}
+
+.. R23
+
+'Environment variables' are a way of passing information from the shell to the
+programs that are run in it. Standard UNIX variables are split into two 
+categories,'Environment variables' and 'Shell variables'. In broad terms, 
+'Shell variables' apply only to the current instance of the shell and are 
+used to set short-term working conditions; 'Environment variables' have a 
+farther reaching significance, and are set at login, valid for the duration of 
+the session. By convention, 'Environment variables' have UPPER CASE and 'Shell 
+variables' have lower case names.
+
+You can see an example of environment variables in the slide.
+
+.. R24
+
+To see all the variables and their values, we could use any of the
+following,  
+
+.. L24
+
+{{{ Switch to terminal }}}
+::
+
+    printenv | less
+    env
+    
+.. R25
+
+We have looked at the 'PATH' variable, in the previous tutorial. We shall now
+use the ``export`` command to change it's value.  
+
+.. L25
+::
+
+   export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
+
+.. R26
+
+Observe the difference in the value of 'PATH' variable before and after 
+modifying it.
+
+``export`` command is used to export a variable to the environment of all
+the processes that are started from that shell.
+
+.. L26
+
+.. L27
+
+{{{ Switch to 'Summary' slide }}}
+
+.. R27
+
+This brings us to the end of this tutorial.
+In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
+ 
+ 1. Prepare scripts using control structures like ``if``, ``if-else``,
+    ``for`` and ``while``.
+ 2. Use 'environment variables'.
+ 3. Export a variable to the environment of all the processes, using
+    the ``export`` command.
+
+.. L28
+
+{{{ Show self assessment questions slide }}}
+
+.. R28
+
+Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve:
+
+ 1. Print the text ``dog man`` in such a way that the prompt
+    continues after the text.
+
+ 2. How can you add a new path variable ``/data/myscripts`` to $PATH variable ?
+
+.. L30
+
+{{{ Solutions of self assessment questions on slide }}}
+
+.. R30
+
+And the answers,
+
+ 1. We print the given text using the ``echo`` command by using an additional
+    option -n as,
+::
+
+    $echo -n dog man
+
+ 2. We can add a new path variable by using the export command as,
+    
+::
+
+    $export PATH=$PATH://data/myscripts
+
+.. L31
+
+{{{ Show the Thank you slide }}}
+
+.. R31
+
+Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful.
+Thank you!
+
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/sign.sh b/ult/ult_7/sign.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..246150d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/sign.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+if test $1 -lt 0
+then
+  echo "number is negative"
+else
+  echo "number is non-negative"
+fi
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/society.mp3 b/ult/ult_7/society.mp3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/society.mp3
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/ult7.tex b/ult/ult_7/ult7.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a306272
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/ult7.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% Using Linux Tools
+%
+% Author: FOSSEE 
+% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+
+\documentclass[12pt,compress]{beamer}
+
+\mode<presentation>
+{
+  \usetheme{Warsaw}
+  \useoutertheme{infolines}
+  \setbeamercovered{transparent}
+}
+
+\usepackage[english]{babel}
+\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
+%\usepackage{times}
+\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
+
+% Taken from Fernando's slides.
+\usepackage{ae,aecompl}
+\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler}
+\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet}
+
+\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
+
+\usepackage{listings}
+\lstset{language=sh,
+    basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries,
+    commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape,
+  stringstyle=\color{darkgreen},
+  showstringspaces=false,
+  keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+% DOCUMENT STARTS
+\begin{document}
+
+\begin{frame}
+
+\begin{center}
+\vspace{12pt}
+\textcolor{blue}{\huge Using Linux Tools\\Part VII}
+\end{center}
+\vspace{18pt}
+\begin{center}
+\vspace{10pt}
+\includegraphics[scale=0.95]{../images/fossee-logo.png}\\
+\vspace{5pt}
+\scriptsize Developed by FOSSEE Team, IIT-Bombay. \\ 
+\scriptsize Funded by National Mission on Education through ICT\\
+\scriptsize  MHRD,Govt. of India\\
+\includegraphics[scale=0.30]{../images/iitb-logo.png}\\
+\end{center}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Objectives}
+\label{sec-2}
+
+At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to,
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Prepare scripts using 'Control Operators'.
+\item Understand what 'Environment Variables' are.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Pre-requisite}
+\label{sec-3}
+
+Spoken tutorial on -
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part I
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part II
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part III
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part IV
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part V
+\item Using Linux tools -- Part VI
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{\texttt{if}}
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item Print message if directory exists in \texttt{pwd}
+  \end{itemize}
+  \begin{lstlisting}
+    #!/bin/bash
+    if test -d $1
+    then
+    echo "Yes, the directory" \
+    $1 "is present"
+    fi
+  \end{lstlisting} % $
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{\texttt{[ ]} - alias for \texttt{test}}
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item Square brackets (\texttt{[]}) can be used instead of
+    \texttt{test}
+  \item 
+  \end{itemize}
+  \begin{lstlisting}
+    #!/bin/bash
+    if [ $1 -lt 0 ]
+    then
+    echo "number is negative"
+    else
+    echo "number is non-negative"
+    fi
+  \end{lstlisting} % $
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item \alert{spacing is important, when using the square brackets}
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{\texttt{for}}
+  \begin{block}{Problem}
+    Given a set of \texttt{.mp3} files, that have names beginning with
+    numbers followed by their names --- \texttt{08 - Society.mp3} ---
+    rename the files to have just the names. Also replace any spaces
+    in the name with hyphens. 
+  \end{block}
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item Loop over the list of files
+  \item Process the names, to get new names
+  \item Rename the files
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+  \frametitle{Environment Variables}
+  \begin{itemize}
+  \item Pass information from shell to programs running in it
+  \item Behavior of programs can change based on values of variables
+  \item Environment variables vs. Shell variables
+  \item Shell variables -- only current instance of the shell
+  \item Environment variables -- valid for the whole session
+  \item Convention -- environment variables are UPPER CASE
+  \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Summary}
+\label{sec-8}
+
+  In this tutorial, we have learnt to,
+
+
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Prepare scripts using control structures like ``if'', ``if-else'',
+      ``for'' and ``while''.
+\item Use 'environment variables'.
+\item Export a variable to the environment of all the processes, using 
+      the ``export'' command.
+\end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+\frametitle{Evaluation}
+\label{sec-9}
+
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item Print the text ``dog man'' in such a way that the prompt 
+    continues after the text.
+\vspace{8pt}
+\item How can you add a new path variable ``/data/myscripts'' to \$PATH variable ?
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Solutions}
+\label{sec-10}
+
+
+\begin{enumerate}
+\item \$ echo -n dog man
+\vspace{15pt}
+\item \$ export PATH=\$PATH://data/myscripts
+\end{enumerate}
+\end{frame}
+\begin{frame}
+
+  \begin{block}{}
+  \begin{center}
+  \textcolor{blue}{\Large THANK YOU!} 
+  \end{center}
+  \end{block}
+\begin{block}{}
+  \begin{center}
+    For more Information, visit our website\\
+    \url{http://fossee.in/}
+  \end{center}  
+  \end{block}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
+
+
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/while-1.sh b/ult/ult_7/while-1.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..485e167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/while-1.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+while true
+do
+  echo "True"
+done
diff --git a/ult/ult_7/while-2.sh b/ult/ult_7/while-2.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fbdd11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ult/ult_7/while-2.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+while [ "$variable" != "quit" ]
+do
+  read variable
+  echo "Input - $variable"
+done
+exit 0
+