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diff --git a/ult/ult_1/script.rst b/ult/ult_1/script.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 4708de6..0000000 --- a/ult/ult_1/script.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,372 +0,0 @@ -.. Objectives -.. ---------- - - .. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to: - - .. 1. Know what is linux and it's need. - .. 2. Understand the need for linux in today's world. - .. 3. Move around in directories and files. - .. 4. Use basic commands of Linux. - -.. Prerequisites -.. ------------- - -.. 1. None - - -Script ------- - -.. L1 - -{{{ Show the first slide containing title, name of the production -team along with the logo of MHRD }}} - -.. R1 - -Hello friends and Welcome to the tutorial on -'Using linux tools - Part 1'. - -.. L2 - -{{{ Show the slide, Objectives }}} - -.. R2 - -At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to, - - 1. Know what is linux. - #. Understand the need for linux in today's world. - #. Move around in directories and files. - #. Use basic commands of Linux. - -.. L3 - -{{{ Switch to slide, what is linux OS }}} - -.. R3 - -Linux (sometimes called GNU/Linux) is a Free and Open Source Operating -System that is inspired by Unix and runs on a variety of hardware -platforms. - -Linux is a modular operating system, with it's basic design based on the -principles established in Unix. It consists of an important and central -piece called the Linux kernel, which, manages system resources like process -control, networking, peripherals and file system access. This is -complemented by the application software, written on top of the kernel that -give the higher level functionality that facilitate the user to carry out -various tasks. - -.. L4 - -{{{ Switch to slide, Why Linux? }}} - -.. R4 - -GNU/Linux can be downloaded in its entirety from the Internet completely -for free with no registration fees, no costs per user, free updates, and -freely available source code. -The security model used in Linux is based on the UNIX idea of security, -which is known to be robust and of proven quality. Also, there are no -viruses in the GNU/Linux world. - -Python is used a lot for scientific computing. Why? Beause, -we can share our operating system and the libraries that we are using -with our co-workers, without any headaches of licensing. -There are a host of tools and libraries, that are useful in day-to-day -scientific computing work.GNU/Linux distributions are very stable and -known for their up-time. We don't have the fear of losing our -computational work, due to system crashes. - -.. L5 - -{{{ Switch to slide, Logging in }}} - -.. R5 - -Let's begin with logging into our system. The GNU/Linux OS supports -multiple users and each user logs in with his/her user-name and password. -You can log-in once you provide your authentication details. - -It is a popular misconception that GNU/Linux doesn't have a GUI (Graphical -user interface). It does have a fully functional GUI, but for the purpose -of this course we shall start with using the CLI (Command line interface). -Once your system has booted up, hit ``Ctrl + Alt + F1`` to switch to the -command line interface. - -You can log out using the ``logout`` command. - -.. R6 - -Now hit ``Ctrl + Alt + F7`` and come back to the GUI. For the purpose -of the spoken tutorials, we shall use the terminal on the GUI. - -.. L6 - -{{{ Open the terminal }}} - -.. R7 - -Now that we have logged in, where are we? -To find out the present working directory, we use the ``pwd`` command. - -.. L7 -:: - - pwd - -.. R8 - -Now, to see what is in the current directory, we use the ``ls`` command. - -.. L8 -:: - - ls - -.. R9 - -It gives us a list of all the files in our present working directory. -``ls`` command takes the directory, in which we want to see the list of -files present, as an argument. To see all the files present in the -``Music`` directory, we say - -.. L9 -:: - - ls Music - -.. R10 - -Note that everything in GNU/Linux and the Unix world is case sensitive. - -As you can see, our home folder has two html files. -What if we wanted the files to be more organized? Say, -we would like to put all our work during this course in a separate -directory. Let us now create a directory ``sdes`` by saying - -.. L10 -:: - - mkdir sees - -.. R11 - -Type ``ls`` to see that a new directory has been -created. - -.. L11 -:: - - ls - -.. L12 - -{{{ Switch to slide, New folders }}} - -.. R12 - -Also, note that special characters need to be escaped. For example if we -wanted to create a directory with the name ``software engineering``, we do -it either as - - mkdir software\ engineering - -or as - - mkdir "software engineering" - -But it is generally a practice to use hyphens or underscores instead of -spaces in filenames and directory names. -Also in modern GNU/Linux filesystems all characters except the forward -slash are allowed. - -.. R13 - -Now that we have seen how to create a new empty directory and navigate into -it, let us create a new blank file. We use the ``touch`` command for this. - -.. L13 - -{{{ Switch to the termninal }}} -:: - - pwd - cd sees - touch first - -.. R14 - -This creates a file named first in our present working directory. Use the -``ls`` command to see that the file has been created. - -.. L14 -:: - - ls - -.. R15 - -To get a quick description of the command, we could use the ``whatis`` -command. It gives a short one-line description of the command that is -passed as an argument to it. For example, - -.. L15 -:: - - whatis touch - -.. R16 - -To get a more detailed description of the command, -we use the ``man`` command. - -.. L16 -:: - - man touch - -.. R17 - -This page gives a detailed description of the command. We can see that the -``touch`` command has a whole host of options that can be passed to it. -Every command in Linux has such a list of options that can be passed to the -command to do specific tasks. Hit the ``q`` key to quit the ``man`` page. - -To see the manual on man itself do, - -.. L17 -:: - - man man - -.. L18 - -{{{ Switch to slide, Using additional options }}} - -.. R18 - -As you may have observed, often the ``man`` page is a bit too much for -quickly cross checking what option to use for a specific task. For this -kind of quick look-up, most of the commands come with a -h or --help -option. This gives a brief description of the options available for that -command. - -Pause the video here, try out the following exercise and resume the video. - -.. L19 - -{{{ Show slide with exercise 1 }}} - -.. R19 - -Which option should be used with ``ls`` command to list all the directories, -sub-directories and files contained in it? -Hint: Use ``man`` or ``--help`` - -.. R20 - -Switch to terminal for solution. - -.. L20 - -{{{continue from paused state}}} -{{{ Switch to the terminal }}} -:: - - ls -R - -.. R21 - -This lists out all the files in the sub-tree of the current directory, -recursively. - -.. L21 - -.. R22 - -When you wish to create a new directory deep inside a directory structure, -using a ``-p`` option with the ``mkdir`` command would be useful. For -example,if we wish to create a folder ``scripts`` inside the directory -``linux-tools`` inside the directory ``sees``, we could simply say, - -.. L22 -:: - - pwd - mkdir -p sees/linux-tools/scripts - -.. R23 - -Let's now say, we wish to remove a directory or a file. How do we find out -what command to use? We use the ``apropos`` command to search for commands -based on their descriptions. To search for the command to remove a -file/directory say, - -.. L23 -:: - - apropos remove - -.. R24 - -This gives us a whole list of commands that have the word ``remove``, in -their description. Looking through the list tells us that ``rm`` or -``rmdir`` is the command to use. - -.. L24 - -.. L25 - -{{{ Show summary slide }}} - -.. R25 - -This brings us to the end of the tutorial.In this tutorial, we have learnt to, - - 1. Understand the basic structure of linux and it's need. - #. Move around in directories and files. - #. Use commands like ``mkdir`` and ``rmdir`` to make and remove directories - respectively. - #. Use commands such as ``man`` and ``whatis`` to get a description of - what a particular command does. - -.. L26 - -{{{ Show self assessment questions slide }}} - -.. R26 - -Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve - -1. Which is the default directory after logging into the terminal? - -2. How to view file attributes with ls command? - -.. L27 - -{{{ Solution of self assessment questions on slide }}} - -.. R27 - -And the answers, - -1. It logins to user's home(/home/user) - -2. In order to view the attributes of a file, we use the -l option with - the ls command. - -:: - - ls -l <filename> - -.. L28 - -{{{ Show the Thankyou slide }}} - -.. R28 - -Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful. -Thank you! - diff --git a/ult/ult_1/ult1.tex b/ult/ult_1/ult1.tex deleted file mode 100644 index 9ad3f03..0000000 --- a/ult/ult_1/ult1.tex +++ /dev/null @@ -1,208 +0,0 @@ -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% Using Linux Tools -% -% Author: FOSSEE -% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% - -\documentclass[12pt,compress]{beamer} - -\mode<presentation> -{ - \usetheme{Warsaw} - \useoutertheme{infolines} - \setbeamercovered{transparent} -} - -\usepackage[english]{babel} -\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} -%\usepackage{times} -\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} - -% Taken from Fernando's slides. -\usepackage{ae,aecompl} -\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} -\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet} - -\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0} - -\usepackage{listings} -\lstset{language=sh, - basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries, - commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, - stringstyle=\color{darkgreen}, - showstringspaces=false, - keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries} - -%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -% DOCUMENT STARTS -\begin{document} - -\begin{frame} - -\begin{center} -\vspace{12pt} -\textcolor{blue}{\huge Using Linux Tools\\Part I} -\end{center} -\vspace{18pt} -\begin{center} -\vspace{10pt} -\includegraphics[scale=0.95]{../images/fossee-logo.png}\\ -\vspace{5pt} -\scriptsize Developed by FOSSEE Team, IIT-Bombay. \\ -\scriptsize Funded by National Mission on Education through ICT\\ -\scriptsize MHRD,Govt. of India\\ -\includegraphics[scale=0.30]{../images/iitb-logo.png}\\ -\end{center} -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame} -\frametitle{Objectives} -\label{sec-2} - -At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to, -\begin{itemize} -\item Know what is linux. -\item Understand the need for linux in today's world. -\item Move around in directories and files. -\item Use basic commands of Linux. -\end{itemize} -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame}[fragile] - \begin{block}{What is the Linux OS?} - \begin{itemize} - \item Free Open Source Operating System - \begin{description} - \item[Free] - Free as in Free Speech - \item[Open-Source] - Permit modifications and redistribution of source code - \end{description} - \item Also called GNU/Linux - \item Unix-inspired - \item Runs on a variety of hardware - \item Linux Kernel + Application software - \end{itemize} - \end{block} -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame}[fragile] - \frametitle{Why Linux?} - \begin{itemize} - \item Free - \item Secure \& versatile - \end{itemize} - - \begin{block}{Why Linux for Scientific Computing?} - \begin{itemize} - \item Free as in Free Speech - \item Can run for \emph{ever} - \item Libraries - \item Parallel Computing - \end{itemize} - \end{block} -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame}[fragile] - \frametitle{Logging in} - \begin{itemize} - \item GNU/Linux does have a GUI - \item Command Line for this module - \item Hit \texttt{Ctrl + Alt + F1} - \item \texttt{logout} command logs you out - \end{itemize} -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame}[fragile] - \frametitle{Creating folders} - \begin{itemize} - \item Special characters need to be escaped OR quoted - \end{itemize} - \begin{lstlisting} - $ mkdir software\ engineering - $ mkdir "software engg" - \end{lstlisting} - \begin{itemize} - \item Generally, use hyphens or underscores instead of spaces in names - \end{itemize} -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame}[fragile] - \frametitle{Using additional options} - - \begin{itemize} - \item \texttt{-h} or \texttt{--help} gives summary of command usage - \end{itemize} - \begin{lstlisting} - $ ls --help - \end{lstlisting} % $ -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame} - \frametitle{Exercise 1} - \begin{itemize} - \item Which option should be used with ``ls'' command to list all the directories, - sub-directories and files contained in it? - \end{itemize} - Hint: Use ``man'' or ``--help'' -\end{frame} - -\begin{frame} -\frametitle{Summary} -\label{sec-8} - - In this tutorial, we have learnt to, - - -\begin{itemize} -\item Understand the basic structure of linux and it's need. -\item See the current directory in which we are working, using the command ``pwd''. -\item List a directory's contents by using the command ``ls''. -\item Change file timestamps, using the command ``touch''. - \item Use commands like ``mkdir'' and ``rmdir'' to make and remove directories - respectively. -\item Use commands such as ``man'' and ``whatis'' to get a description of - what a particular command does. -\item Search the manual page names and descriptions, using the `` apropos'' command. -\end{itemize} -\end{frame} -\begin{frame}[fragile] -\frametitle{Evaluation} -\label{sec-9} - - -\begin{enumerate} -\item Which is the default directory after logging into the terminal? -\vspace{8pt} -\item How to view file attributes with ``ls'' command? -\end{enumerate} -\end{frame} -\begin{frame} -\frametitle{Solutions} -\label{sec-10} - - -\begin{enumerate} -\item /home/user -\vspace{15pt} -\item ls -l <filename> -\end{enumerate} -\end{frame} -\begin{frame} - - \begin{block}{} - \begin{center} - \textcolor{blue}{\Large THANK YOU!} - \end{center} - \end{block} -\begin{block}{} - \begin{center} - For more Information, visit our website\\ - \url{http://fossee.in/} - \end{center} - \end{block} -\end{frame} - -\end{document} - |