From 5247bde768daca4e6bb723a764390e399a86ea41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jovina Date: Tue, 21 Aug 2012 17:53:43 +0530 Subject: Removed an extra file. --- ult/ult_10/script2col.rst | 214 ---------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 214 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 ult/ult_10/script2col.rst diff --git a/ult/ult_10/script2col.rst b/ult/ult_10/script2col.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 0a63064..0000000 --- a/ult/ult_10/script2col.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,214 +0,0 @@ -.. Objectives -.. ---------- - - .. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to: - - .. 1. Search for files in many different ways - .. 2. Compare files with same names - .. 3. Create and extract an archive - .. 4. Customize a shell - -.. Prerequisites -.. ------------- - -.. 1. Getting started with Linux -.. 2. Basic File Handling - - -Script ------- - - - -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show the first slide containing title, name of the production | Hello friends and Welcome to the tutorial on | -| team along with the logo of MHRD }}} | 'Miscellaneous Tools'. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show slide with objectives }}} | At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to, | -| | | -| | 1. Search for files in many different ways. | -| | #. Compare files with same names. | -| | #. Create and extract an archive. | -| | #. Customize a shell. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Switch to the pre-requisite slide }}} | Before beginning this tutorial,we would suggest you to complete the | -| | previous tutorials as being displayed currently. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| | There are a bunch of tools, that will prove to be handy in your day | -| | to day work. These tools will help you quickly perform tasks like searching | -| | for files, comparing files and checking if they are the same, viewing the | -| | exact differences between them, etc. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show slide, find }}} | Let us start with the first tool - 'find' . | -| | The ``find`` command lets you find files in a directory hierarchy. It | -| | offers a very complex feature set allowing you to search for files with a | -| | wide range of restrictions. We shall only look at some of the most | -| | frequently used ones. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Open the terminal }}} | To find the files, which end with an extension, ``.pdf``, saved in the current | -| :: | folder and all it's subfolders, we say | -| | | -| find . -name "*.pdf" | | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| :: | The ``find`` command also lists out the directory and sub-directory names | -| | To list them, we say, | -| find . -type d | | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| | In short, ``find`` allows you to set limits on file-size, modification time | -| | and whole lot of other things which you can explore on seeing the man page | -| | of ``find``. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| :: | Let us now move on to the next tool, the compare tool. | -| | | -| find . -name quick.c | To compare two files, whether they are identical or not, we can use the | -| ./Desktop/programs/quick.c | ``cmp`` command. Let us consider some situation. Suppose, we run the ``find`` | -| ./c-folder/quick.c | command to locate some file, and it turns out that we have a file with same | -| cmp Desktop/programs/quick.c c-folder/quick.c | name in different location. | -| | | -| | In this case, if we are unsure, whether both the files are the same, we can use | -| | the ``cmp`` command to check if the files are identical. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show slide, cmp }}} | If the cmp command doesn't return any output, it means that both files are | -| | exactly identical. If there are any differences in the file, it gives you | -| | the exact byte location at which the first difference occurred. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Switch to the terminal }}} | Let us now make a small change in one of quick.c file and run the ``cmp`` | -| | command again. | -| :: | | -| | | -| cmp Desktop/programs/quick.c c-folder/quick.c | | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| | As we can see, it gives the exact location as to where a change is made. | -| | | -| | Now, we may not be happy with just the knowledge that the files are | -| | different. We may want to see the exact differences between the two files. | -| | The ``diff`` command can be used to find the exact differences between the | -| | files. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| :: | We get back a line by line difference between the two files. | -| | | -| diff Desktop/programs/quick.c c-folder/quick.c | | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show slide, diff }}} | The ``>`` mark indicates the content that has been added to the second file, | -| | which was not present in the first file. The ``<`` mark indicates the lines | -| | that were present in the first file, but are not existent in the second file. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show slide, tar }}} | You would often come across (archive) files which are called *tarballs*. A | -| | tar ball is essentially a collection of files, which may or may not be | -| | compressed. Essentially, it eases the job of storing, backing up and | -| | transporting multiple files, at once. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Switch to terminal }}} | The following set of commands extracts the contents of the ``allfiles.tar`` | -| :: | tarball to the directory extract. | -| | | -| mkdir extract | | -| cp allfiles.tar extract/ | | -| cd extract | | -| tar -xvf allfiles.tar | | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show slide, extracting an archive }}} | The option, ``x`` tells ``tar`` to extract the files in the archive file | -| | specified by the ``f`` option. The ``v`` option tells ``tar`` to give out a | -| | verbose output. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Switch to terminal }}} | Similarly, if we wish to create a ``tar`` archive, we use the ``c`` option | -| :: | instead of the ``x`` option. For instance, the command below creates an | -| | archive from all the files with the ``.txt`` extension. | -| tar -cvzf newarchive.tar *.txt | | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| | You can also create and extract compressed archives using ``tar``. It | -| | supports a wide variety of compressions like gzip, bzip2, lzma, etc. | -| | | -| | We need to add an additional option to ``tar`` to handle these | -| | compressions. | -| | | -| | | -| | +-------------+------------+ | -| | | Compression | Option | | -| | +-------------+------------+ | -| | | gzip | ``-z`` | | -| | | bzip2 | ``-j`` | | -| | | lzma | ``--lzma`` | | -| | +-------------+------------+ | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| :: | So, if we wished to create a gzip archive in the previous command, we | -| | change it to the following | -| tar -cvzf newarchive.tar.gz *.txt | | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show slide, customizing your shell }}} | What would you do, if you want bash to execute a particular command each | -| | time you start it up? For instance, say you want the current directory to | -| | be your Desktop instead of your home folder, each time bash starts up. | -| | Bash reads and executes commands in a whole bunch | -| | of files called start-up files, when it starts up. | -| | | -| | When bash starts up as an interactive login shell, it reads the files | -| | ``/etc/profile``, ``~/.bash_profile``, ``~/.bash_login``, and | -| | ``~/.profile`` in that order. | -| | | -| | When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads | -| | and executes commands from ~/.bashrc. This can be prevented using the ``--norc`` | -| | option. Instead of using the ``~/.bashrc`` file on start-up, we can force | -| | the bash to use another file, for which the ``--rcfile`` option may be used. | -| | | -| | Now, you know what you should do, to change the current directory to you | -| | Desktop. Just put a ``cd ~/Desktop`` into your ``~/.bashrc`` and you are | -| | set! | -| | But as you know that the start-up files are used for a lot more complex things | -| | than this. You could set (or unset) aliases and a whole bunch of environment | -| | variables in the ``.bashrc``, like changing environment variables etc. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Switch to 'Summary' slide }}} | This brings us to the end of the end of this tutorial. | -| | In this tutorial, we have learnt to, | -| | | -| | 1. Make use of the ``find`` command to find files in a directory hierarchy. | -| | #. Find the differences between files with the same name, using the | -| | ``cmp`` and ``diff`` commands. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Switch to 'Summary..' slide }}} | #. Extract and create compressed archive's using the ``tar`` command. | -| | #. Customize one's shell according to one's choice. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show self assessment questions slide }}} | Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve | -| | | -| | 1. Look at the man page of ``find`` and state the options which | -| | deal with symbolic links. | -| | | -| | 2. How do you append tar files to an archive? | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Solution of self assessment questions on slide }}} | And the answers, | -| | | -| | 1. The -H, -L and -P options with the ``find`` command control | -| | the treatment of symbolic links. | -| | | -| | 2. To append tar files to an archive, we can use the ``tar`` command | -| | either with the ``-A`` option or the ``-r`` option, as, | -| | :: | -| | | -| | $ tar -Af | -| | OR | -| | $ tar -rf | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| | | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show the SDES & FOSSEE slide }}} | Software Development techniques for Engineers and Scientists - SDES, is an | -| | initiative by FOSSEE. For more information, please visit the given link. | -| | | -| | Free and Open-source Software for Science and Engineering Education - FOSSEE, is | -| | based at IIT Bombay which is funded by MHRD as part of National Mission on | -| | Education through ICT. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show the ``About the Spoken Tutorial Project'' slide }}} | Watch the video available at the following link. It summarises the Spoken | -| | Tutorial project.If you do not have good bandwidth, you can download and | -| | watch it. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show the `` Spoken Tutorial Workshops'' slide }}} | The Spoken Tutorial Project Team conducts workshops using spoken tutorials, | -| | gives certificates to those who pass an online test. | -| | | -| | For more details, contact contact@spoken-tutorial.org | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show the ``Acknowledgements'' slide }}} | Spoken Tutorial Project is a part of the "Talk to a Teacher" project. | -| | It is supported by the National Mission on Education through ICT, MHRD, | -| | Government of India. More information on this mission is available at the | -| | given link. | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -| {{{ Show the Thank you slide }}} | Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful. | -| | Thank you! | -+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ -- cgit