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diff --git a/ult/ult_1/script.rst b/ult/ult_1/script.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4708de6 --- /dev/null +++ b/ult/ult_1/script.rst @@ -0,0 +1,372 @@ +.. Objectives +.. ---------- + + .. At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to: + + .. 1. Know what is linux and it's need. + .. 2. Understand the need for linux in today's world. + .. 3. Move around in directories and files. + .. 4. Use basic commands of Linux. + +.. Prerequisites +.. ------------- + +.. 1. None + + +Script +------ + +.. L1 + +{{{ Show the first slide containing title, name of the production +team along with the logo of MHRD }}} + +.. R1 + +Hello friends and Welcome to the tutorial on +'Using linux tools - Part 1'. + +.. L2 + +{{{ Show the slide, Objectives }}} + +.. R2 + +At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to, + + 1. Know what is linux. + #. Understand the need for linux in today's world. + #. Move around in directories and files. + #. Use basic commands of Linux. + +.. L3 + +{{{ Switch to slide, what is linux OS }}} + +.. R3 + +Linux (sometimes called GNU/Linux) is a Free and Open Source Operating +System that is inspired by Unix and runs on a variety of hardware +platforms. + +Linux is a modular operating system, with it's basic design based on the +principles established in Unix. It consists of an important and central +piece called the Linux kernel, which, manages system resources like process +control, networking, peripherals and file system access. This is +complemented by the application software, written on top of the kernel that +give the higher level functionality that facilitate the user to carry out +various tasks. + +.. L4 + +{{{ Switch to slide, Why Linux? }}} + +.. R4 + +GNU/Linux can be downloaded in its entirety from the Internet completely +for free with no registration fees, no costs per user, free updates, and +freely available source code. +The security model used in Linux is based on the UNIX idea of security, +which is known to be robust and of proven quality. Also, there are no +viruses in the GNU/Linux world. + +Python is used a lot for scientific computing. Why? Beause, +we can share our operating system and the libraries that we are using +with our co-workers, without any headaches of licensing. +There are a host of tools and libraries, that are useful in day-to-day +scientific computing work.GNU/Linux distributions are very stable and +known for their up-time. We don't have the fear of losing our +computational work, due to system crashes. + +.. L5 + +{{{ Switch to slide, Logging in }}} + +.. R5 + +Let's begin with logging into our system. The GNU/Linux OS supports +multiple users and each user logs in with his/her user-name and password. +You can log-in once you provide your authentication details. + +It is a popular misconception that GNU/Linux doesn't have a GUI (Graphical +user interface). It does have a fully functional GUI, but for the purpose +of this course we shall start with using the CLI (Command line interface). +Once your system has booted up, hit ``Ctrl + Alt + F1`` to switch to the +command line interface. + +You can log out using the ``logout`` command. + +.. R6 + +Now hit ``Ctrl + Alt + F7`` and come back to the GUI. For the purpose +of the spoken tutorials, we shall use the terminal on the GUI. + +.. L6 + +{{{ Open the terminal }}} + +.. R7 + +Now that we have logged in, where are we? +To find out the present working directory, we use the ``pwd`` command. + +.. L7 +:: + + pwd + +.. R8 + +Now, to see what is in the current directory, we use the ``ls`` command. + +.. L8 +:: + + ls + +.. R9 + +It gives us a list of all the files in our present working directory. +``ls`` command takes the directory, in which we want to see the list of +files present, as an argument. To see all the files present in the +``Music`` directory, we say + +.. L9 +:: + + ls Music + +.. R10 + +Note that everything in GNU/Linux and the Unix world is case sensitive. + +As you can see, our home folder has two html files. +What if we wanted the files to be more organized? Say, +we would like to put all our work during this course in a separate +directory. Let us now create a directory ``sdes`` by saying + +.. L10 +:: + + mkdir sees + +.. R11 + +Type ``ls`` to see that a new directory has been +created. + +.. L11 +:: + + ls + +.. L12 + +{{{ Switch to slide, New folders }}} + +.. R12 + +Also, note that special characters need to be escaped. For example if we +wanted to create a directory with the name ``software engineering``, we do +it either as + + mkdir software\ engineering + +or as + + mkdir "software engineering" + +But it is generally a practice to use hyphens or underscores instead of +spaces in filenames and directory names. +Also in modern GNU/Linux filesystems all characters except the forward +slash are allowed. + +.. R13 + +Now that we have seen how to create a new empty directory and navigate into +it, let us create a new blank file. We use the ``touch`` command for this. + +.. L13 + +{{{ Switch to the termninal }}} +:: + + pwd + cd sees + touch first + +.. R14 + +This creates a file named first in our present working directory. Use the +``ls`` command to see that the file has been created. + +.. L14 +:: + + ls + +.. R15 + +To get a quick description of the command, we could use the ``whatis`` +command. It gives a short one-line description of the command that is +passed as an argument to it. For example, + +.. L15 +:: + + whatis touch + +.. R16 + +To get a more detailed description of the command, +we use the ``man`` command. + +.. L16 +:: + + man touch + +.. R17 + +This page gives a detailed description of the command. We can see that the +``touch`` command has a whole host of options that can be passed to it. +Every command in Linux has such a list of options that can be passed to the +command to do specific tasks. Hit the ``q`` key to quit the ``man`` page. + +To see the manual on man itself do, + +.. L17 +:: + + man man + +.. L18 + +{{{ Switch to slide, Using additional options }}} + +.. R18 + +As you may have observed, often the ``man`` page is a bit too much for +quickly cross checking what option to use for a specific task. For this +kind of quick look-up, most of the commands come with a -h or --help +option. This gives a brief description of the options available for that +command. + +Pause the video here, try out the following exercise and resume the video. + +.. L19 + +{{{ Show slide with exercise 1 }}} + +.. R19 + +Which option should be used with ``ls`` command to list all the directories, +sub-directories and files contained in it? +Hint: Use ``man`` or ``--help`` + +.. R20 + +Switch to terminal for solution. + +.. L20 + +{{{continue from paused state}}} +{{{ Switch to the terminal }}} +:: + + ls -R + +.. R21 + +This lists out all the files in the sub-tree of the current directory, +recursively. + +.. L21 + +.. R22 + +When you wish to create a new directory deep inside a directory structure, +using a ``-p`` option with the ``mkdir`` command would be useful. For +example,if we wish to create a folder ``scripts`` inside the directory +``linux-tools`` inside the directory ``sees``, we could simply say, + +.. L22 +:: + + pwd + mkdir -p sees/linux-tools/scripts + +.. R23 + +Let's now say, we wish to remove a directory or a file. How do we find out +what command to use? We use the ``apropos`` command to search for commands +based on their descriptions. To search for the command to remove a +file/directory say, + +.. L23 +:: + + apropos remove + +.. R24 + +This gives us a whole list of commands that have the word ``remove``, in +their description. Looking through the list tells us that ``rm`` or +``rmdir`` is the command to use. + +.. L24 + +.. L25 + +{{{ Show summary slide }}} + +.. R25 + +This brings us to the end of the tutorial.In this tutorial, we have learnt to, + + 1. Understand the basic structure of linux and it's need. + #. Move around in directories and files. + #. Use commands like ``mkdir`` and ``rmdir`` to make and remove directories + respectively. + #. Use commands such as ``man`` and ``whatis`` to get a description of + what a particular command does. + +.. L26 + +{{{ Show self assessment questions slide }}} + +.. R26 + +Here are some self assessment questions for you to solve + +1. Which is the default directory after logging into the terminal? + +2. How to view file attributes with ls command? + +.. L27 + +{{{ Solution of self assessment questions on slide }}} + +.. R27 + +And the answers, + +1. It logins to user's home(/home/user) + +2. In order to view the attributes of a file, we use the -l option with + the ls command. + +:: + + ls -l <filename> + +.. L28 + +{{{ Show the Thankyou slide }}} + +.. R28 + +Hope you have enjoyed this tutorial and found it useful. +Thank you! + diff --git a/ult/ult_1/ult1.tex b/ult/ult_1/ult1.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ad3f03 --- /dev/null +++ b/ult/ult_1/ult1.tex @@ -0,0 +1,208 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% Using Linux Tools +% +% Author: FOSSEE +% Copyright (c) 2009, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% + +\documentclass[12pt,compress]{beamer} + +\mode<presentation> +{ + \usetheme{Warsaw} + \useoutertheme{infolines} + \setbeamercovered{transparent} +} + +\usepackage[english]{babel} +\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc} +%\usepackage{times} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} + +% Taken from Fernando's slides. +\usepackage{ae,aecompl} +\usepackage{mathpazo,courier,euler} +\usepackage[scaled=.95]{helvet} + +\definecolor{darkgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0} + +\usepackage{listings} +\lstset{language=sh, + basicstyle=\ttfamily\bfseries, + commentstyle=\color{red}\itshape, + stringstyle=\color{darkgreen}, + showstringspaces=false, + keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries} + +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% DOCUMENT STARTS +\begin{document} + +\begin{frame} + +\begin{center} +\vspace{12pt} +\textcolor{blue}{\huge Using Linux Tools\\Part I} +\end{center} +\vspace{18pt} +\begin{center} +\vspace{10pt} +\includegraphics[scale=0.95]{../images/fossee-logo.png}\\ +\vspace{5pt} +\scriptsize Developed by FOSSEE Team, IIT-Bombay. \\ +\scriptsize Funded by National Mission on Education through ICT\\ +\scriptsize MHRD,Govt. of India\\ +\includegraphics[scale=0.30]{../images/iitb-logo.png}\\ +\end{center} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Objectives} +\label{sec-2} + +At the end of this tutorial, you will be able to, +\begin{itemize} +\item Know what is linux. +\item Understand the need for linux in today's world. +\item Move around in directories and files. +\item Use basic commands of Linux. +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \begin{block}{What is the Linux OS?} + \begin{itemize} + \item Free Open Source Operating System + \begin{description} + \item[Free] + Free as in Free Speech + \item[Open-Source] + Permit modifications and redistribution of source code + \end{description} + \item Also called GNU/Linux + \item Unix-inspired + \item Runs on a variety of hardware + \item Linux Kernel + Application software + \end{itemize} + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Why Linux?} + \begin{itemize} + \item Free + \item Secure \& versatile + \end{itemize} + + \begin{block}{Why Linux for Scientific Computing?} + \begin{itemize} + \item Free as in Free Speech + \item Can run for \emph{ever} + \item Libraries + \item Parallel Computing + \end{itemize} + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Logging in} + \begin{itemize} + \item GNU/Linux does have a GUI + \item Command Line for this module + \item Hit \texttt{Ctrl + Alt + F1} + \item \texttt{logout} command logs you out + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Creating folders} + \begin{itemize} + \item Special characters need to be escaped OR quoted + \end{itemize} + \begin{lstlisting} + $ mkdir software\ engineering + $ mkdir "software engg" + \end{lstlisting} + \begin{itemize} + \item Generally, use hyphens or underscores instead of spaces in names + \end{itemize} +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame}[fragile] + \frametitle{Using additional options} + + \begin{itemize} + \item \texttt{-h} or \texttt{--help} gives summary of command usage + \end{itemize} + \begin{lstlisting} + $ ls --help + \end{lstlisting} % $ +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} + \frametitle{Exercise 1} + \begin{itemize} + \item Which option should be used with ``ls'' command to list all the directories, + sub-directories and files contained in it? + \end{itemize} + Hint: Use ``man'' or ``--help'' +\end{frame} + +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Summary} +\label{sec-8} + + In this tutorial, we have learnt to, + + +\begin{itemize} +\item Understand the basic structure of linux and it's need. +\item See the current directory in which we are working, using the command ``pwd''. +\item List a directory's contents by using the command ``ls''. +\item Change file timestamps, using the command ``touch''. + \item Use commands like ``mkdir'' and ``rmdir'' to make and remove directories + respectively. +\item Use commands such as ``man'' and ``whatis'' to get a description of + what a particular command does. +\item Search the manual page names and descriptions, using the `` apropos'' command. +\end{itemize} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame}[fragile] +\frametitle{Evaluation} +\label{sec-9} + + +\begin{enumerate} +\item Which is the default directory after logging into the terminal? +\vspace{8pt} +\item How to view file attributes with ``ls'' command? +\end{enumerate} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame} +\frametitle{Solutions} +\label{sec-10} + + +\begin{enumerate} +\item /home/user +\vspace{15pt} +\item ls -l <filename> +\end{enumerate} +\end{frame} +\begin{frame} + + \begin{block}{} + \begin{center} + \textcolor{blue}{\Large THANK YOU!} + \end{center} + \end{block} +\begin{block}{} + \begin{center} + For more Information, visit our website\\ + \url{http://fossee.in/} + \end{center} + \end{block} +\end{frame} + +\end{document} + |