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- SUBROUTINE DGEES( JOBVS, SORT, SELECT, N, A, LDA, SDIM, WR, WI,
- $ VS, LDVS, WORK, LWORK, BWORK, INFO )
-*
-* -- LAPACK driver routine (version 3.1) --
-* Univ. of Tennessee, Univ. of California Berkeley and NAG Ltd..
-* November 2006
-*
-* .. Scalar Arguments ..
- CHARACTER JOBVS, SORT
- INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDVS, LWORK, N, SDIM
-* ..
-* .. Array Arguments ..
- LOGICAL BWORK( * )
- DOUBLE PRECISION A( LDA, * ), VS( LDVS, * ), WI( * ), WORK( * ),
- $ WR( * )
-* ..
-* .. Function Arguments ..
- LOGICAL SELECT
- EXTERNAL SELECT
-* ..
-*
-* Purpose
-* =======
-*
-* DGEES computes for an N-by-N real nonsymmetric matrix A, the
-* eigenvalues, the real Schur form T, and, optionally, the matrix of
-* Schur vectors Z. This gives the Schur factorization A = Z*T*(Z**T).
-*
-* Optionally, it also orders the eigenvalues on the diagonal of the
-* real Schur form so that selected eigenvalues are at the top left.
-* The leading columns of Z then form an orthonormal basis for the
-* invariant subspace corresponding to the selected eigenvalues.
-*
-* A matrix is in real Schur form if it is upper quasi-triangular with
-* 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 blocks. 2-by-2 blocks will be standardized in the
-* form
-* [ a b ]
-* [ c a ]
-*
-* where b*c < 0. The eigenvalues of such a block are a +- sqrt(bc).
-*
-* Arguments
-* =========
-*
-* JOBVS (input) CHARACTER*1
-* = 'N': Schur vectors are not computed;
-* = 'V': Schur vectors are computed.
-*
-* SORT (input) CHARACTER*1
-* Specifies whether or not to order the eigenvalues on the
-* diagonal of the Schur form.
-* = 'N': Eigenvalues are not ordered;
-* = 'S': Eigenvalues are ordered (see SELECT).
-*
-* SELECT (external procedure) LOGICAL FUNCTION of two DOUBLE PRECISION arguments
-* SELECT must be declared EXTERNAL in the calling subroutine.
-* If SORT = 'S', SELECT is used to select eigenvalues to sort
-* to the top left of the Schur form.
-* If SORT = 'N', SELECT is not referenced.
-* An eigenvalue WR(j)+sqrt(-1)*WI(j) is selected if
-* SELECT(WR(j),WI(j)) is true; i.e., if either one of a complex
-* conjugate pair of eigenvalues is selected, then both complex
-* eigenvalues are selected.
-* Note that a selected complex eigenvalue may no longer
-* satisfy SELECT(WR(j),WI(j)) = .TRUE. after ordering, since
-* ordering may change the value of complex eigenvalues
-* (especially if the eigenvalue is ill-conditioned); in this
-* case INFO is set to N+2 (see INFO below).
-*
-* N (input) INTEGER
-* The order of the matrix A. N >= 0.
-*
-* A (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDA,N)
-* On entry, the N-by-N matrix A.
-* On exit, A has been overwritten by its real Schur form T.
-*
-* LDA (input) INTEGER
-* The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N).
-*
-* SDIM (output) INTEGER
-* If SORT = 'N', SDIM = 0.
-* If SORT = 'S', SDIM = number of eigenvalues (after sorting)
-* for which SELECT is true. (Complex conjugate
-* pairs for which SELECT is true for either
-* eigenvalue count as 2.)
-*
-* WR (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
-* WI (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
-* WR and WI contain the real and imaginary parts,
-* respectively, of the computed eigenvalues in the same order
-* that they appear on the diagonal of the output Schur form T.
-* Complex conjugate pairs of eigenvalues will appear
-* consecutively with the eigenvalue having the positive
-* imaginary part first.
-*
-* VS (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDVS,N)
-* If JOBVS = 'V', VS contains the orthogonal matrix Z of Schur
-* vectors.
-* If JOBVS = 'N', VS is not referenced.
-*
-* LDVS (input) INTEGER
-* The leading dimension of the array VS. LDVS >= 1; if
-* JOBVS = 'V', LDVS >= N.
-*
-* WORK (workspace/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
-* On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) contains the optimal LWORK.
-*
-* LWORK (input) INTEGER
-* The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,3*N).
-* For good performance, LWORK must generally be larger.
-*
-* If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
-* only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
-* this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
-* message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.
-*
-* BWORK (workspace) LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
-* Not referenced if SORT = 'N'.
-*
-* INFO (output) INTEGER
-* = 0: successful exit
-* < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
-* > 0: if INFO = i, and i is
-* <= N: the QR algorithm failed to compute all the
-* eigenvalues; elements 1:ILO-1 and i+1:N of WR and WI
-* contain those eigenvalues which have converged; if
-* JOBVS = 'V', VS contains the matrix which reduces A
-* to its partially converged Schur form.
-* = N+1: the eigenvalues could not be reordered because some
-* eigenvalues were too close to separate (the problem
-* is very ill-conditioned);
-* = N+2: after reordering, roundoff changed values of some
-* complex eigenvalues so that leading eigenvalues in
-* the Schur form no longer satisfy SELECT=.TRUE. This
-* could also be caused by underflow due to scaling.
-*
-* =====================================================================
-*
-* .. Parameters ..
- DOUBLE PRECISION ZERO, ONE
- PARAMETER ( ZERO = 0.0D0, ONE = 1.0D0 )
-* ..
-* .. Local Scalars ..
- LOGICAL CURSL, LASTSL, LQUERY, LST2SL, SCALEA, WANTST,
- $ WANTVS
- INTEGER HSWORK, I, I1, I2, IBAL, ICOND, IERR, IEVAL,
- $ IHI, ILO, INXT, IP, ITAU, IWRK, MAXWRK, MINWRK
- DOUBLE PRECISION ANRM, BIGNUM, CSCALE, EPS, S, SEP, SMLNUM
-* ..
-* .. Local Arrays ..
- INTEGER IDUM( 1 )
- DOUBLE PRECISION DUM( 1 )
-* ..
-* .. External Subroutines ..
- EXTERNAL DCOPY, DGEBAK, DGEBAL, DGEHRD, DHSEQR, DLACPY,
- $ DLABAD, DLASCL, DORGHR, DSWAP, DTRSEN, XERBLA
-* ..
-* .. External Functions ..
- LOGICAL LSAME
- INTEGER ILAENV
- DOUBLE PRECISION DLAMCH, DLANGE
- EXTERNAL LSAME, ILAENV, DLAMCH, DLANGE
-* ..
-* .. Intrinsic Functions ..
- INTRINSIC MAX, SQRT
-* ..
-* .. Executable Statements ..
-*
-* Test the input arguments
-*
- INFO = 0
- LQUERY = ( LWORK.EQ.-1 )
- WANTVS = LSAME( JOBVS, 'V' )
- WANTST = LSAME( SORT, 'S' )
- IF( ( .NOT.WANTVS ) .AND. ( .NOT.LSAME( JOBVS, 'N' ) ) ) THEN
- INFO = -1
- ELSE IF( ( .NOT.WANTST ) .AND. ( .NOT.LSAME( SORT, 'N' ) ) ) THEN
- INFO = -2
- ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
- INFO = -4
- ELSE IF( LDA.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
- INFO = -6
- ELSE IF( LDVS.LT.1 .OR. ( WANTVS .AND. LDVS.LT.N ) ) THEN
- INFO = -11
- END IF
-*
-* Compute workspace
-* (Note: Comments in the code beginning "Workspace:" describe the
-* minimal amount of workspace needed at that point in the code,
-* as well as the preferred amount for good performance.
-* NB refers to the optimal block size for the immediately
-* following subroutine, as returned by ILAENV.
-* HSWORK refers to the workspace preferred by DHSEQR, as
-* calculated below. HSWORK is computed assuming ILO=1 and IHI=N,
-* the worst case.)
-*
- IF( INFO.EQ.0 ) THEN
- IF( N.EQ.0 ) THEN
- MINWRK = 1
- MAXWRK = 1
- ELSE
- MAXWRK = 2*N + N*ILAENV( 1, 'DGEHRD', ' ', N, 1, N, 0 )
- MINWRK = 3*N
-*
- CALL DHSEQR( 'S', JOBVS, N, 1, N, A, LDA, WR, WI, VS, LDVS,
- $ WORK, -1, IEVAL )
- HSWORK = WORK( 1 )
-*
- IF( .NOT.WANTVS ) THEN
- MAXWRK = MAX( MAXWRK, N + HSWORK )
- ELSE
- MAXWRK = MAX( MAXWRK, 2*N + ( N - 1 )*ILAENV( 1,
- $ 'DORGHR', ' ', N, 1, N, -1 ) )
- MAXWRK = MAX( MAXWRK, N + HSWORK )
- END IF
- END IF
- WORK( 1 ) = MAXWRK
-*
- IF( LWORK.LT.MINWRK .AND. .NOT.LQUERY ) THEN
- INFO = -13
- END IF
- END IF
-*
- IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
- CALL XERBLA( 'DGEES ', -INFO )
- RETURN
- ELSE IF( LQUERY ) THEN
- RETURN
- END IF
-*
-* Quick return if possible
-*
- IF( N.EQ.0 ) THEN
- SDIM = 0
- RETURN
- END IF
-*
-* Get machine constants
-*
- EPS = DLAMCH( 'P' )
- SMLNUM = DLAMCH( 'S' )
- BIGNUM = ONE / SMLNUM
- CALL DLABAD( SMLNUM, BIGNUM )
- SMLNUM = SQRT( SMLNUM ) / EPS
- BIGNUM = ONE / SMLNUM
-*
-* Scale A if max element outside range [SMLNUM,BIGNUM]
-*
- ANRM = DLANGE( 'M', N, N, A, LDA, DUM )
- SCALEA = .FALSE.
- IF( ANRM.GT.ZERO .AND. ANRM.LT.SMLNUM ) THEN
- SCALEA = .TRUE.
- CSCALE = SMLNUM
- ELSE IF( ANRM.GT.BIGNUM ) THEN
- SCALEA = .TRUE.
- CSCALE = BIGNUM
- END IF
- IF( SCALEA )
- $ CALL DLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, ANRM, CSCALE, N, N, A, LDA, IERR )
-*
-* Permute the matrix to make it more nearly triangular
-* (Workspace: need N)
-*
- IBAL = 1
- CALL DGEBAL( 'P', N, A, LDA, ILO, IHI, WORK( IBAL ), IERR )
-*
-* Reduce to upper Hessenberg form
-* (Workspace: need 3*N, prefer 2*N+N*NB)
-*
- ITAU = N + IBAL
- IWRK = N + ITAU
- CALL DGEHRD( N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, WORK( ITAU ), WORK( IWRK ),
- $ LWORK-IWRK+1, IERR )
-*
- IF( WANTVS ) THEN
-*
-* Copy Householder vectors to VS
-*
- CALL DLACPY( 'L', N, N, A, LDA, VS, LDVS )
-*
-* Generate orthogonal matrix in VS
-* (Workspace: need 3*N-1, prefer 2*N+(N-1)*NB)
-*
- CALL DORGHR( N, ILO, IHI, VS, LDVS, WORK( ITAU ), WORK( IWRK ),
- $ LWORK-IWRK+1, IERR )
- END IF
-*
- SDIM = 0
-*
-* Perform QR iteration, accumulating Schur vectors in VS if desired
-* (Workspace: need N+1, prefer N+HSWORK (see comments) )
-*
- IWRK = ITAU
- CALL DHSEQR( 'S', JOBVS, N, ILO, IHI, A, LDA, WR, WI, VS, LDVS,
- $ WORK( IWRK ), LWORK-IWRK+1, IEVAL )
- IF( IEVAL.GT.0 )
- $ INFO = IEVAL
-*
-* Sort eigenvalues if desired
-*
- IF( WANTST .AND. INFO.EQ.0 ) THEN
- IF( SCALEA ) THEN
- CALL DLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, CSCALE, ANRM, N, 1, WR, N, IERR )
- CALL DLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, CSCALE, ANRM, N, 1, WI, N, IERR )
- END IF
- DO 10 I = 1, N
- BWORK( I ) = SELECT( WR( I ), WI( I ) )
- 10 CONTINUE
-*
-* Reorder eigenvalues and transform Schur vectors
-* (Workspace: none needed)
-*
- CALL DTRSEN( 'N', JOBVS, BWORK, N, A, LDA, VS, LDVS, WR, WI,
- $ SDIM, S, SEP, WORK( IWRK ), LWORK-IWRK+1, IDUM, 1,
- $ ICOND )
- IF( ICOND.GT.0 )
- $ INFO = N + ICOND
- END IF
-*
- IF( WANTVS ) THEN
-*
-* Undo balancing
-* (Workspace: need N)
-*
- CALL DGEBAK( 'P', 'R', N, ILO, IHI, WORK( IBAL ), N, VS, LDVS,
- $ IERR )
- END IF
-*
- IF( SCALEA ) THEN
-*
-* Undo scaling for the Schur form of A
-*
- CALL DLASCL( 'H', 0, 0, CSCALE, ANRM, N, N, A, LDA, IERR )
- CALL DCOPY( N, A, LDA+1, WR, 1 )
- IF( CSCALE.EQ.SMLNUM ) THEN
-*
-* If scaling back towards underflow, adjust WI if an
-* offdiagonal element of a 2-by-2 block in the Schur form
-* underflows.
-*
- IF( IEVAL.GT.0 ) THEN
- I1 = IEVAL + 1
- I2 = IHI - 1
- CALL DLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, CSCALE, ANRM, ILO-1, 1, WI,
- $ MAX( ILO-1, 1 ), IERR )
- ELSE IF( WANTST ) THEN
- I1 = 1
- I2 = N - 1
- ELSE
- I1 = ILO
- I2 = IHI - 1
- END IF
- INXT = I1 - 1
- DO 20 I = I1, I2
- IF( I.LT.INXT )
- $ GO TO 20
- IF( WI( I ).EQ.ZERO ) THEN
- INXT = I + 1
- ELSE
- IF( A( I+1, I ).EQ.ZERO ) THEN
- WI( I ) = ZERO
- WI( I+1 ) = ZERO
- ELSE IF( A( I+1, I ).NE.ZERO .AND. A( I, I+1 ).EQ.
- $ ZERO ) THEN
- WI( I ) = ZERO
- WI( I+1 ) = ZERO
- IF( I.GT.1 )
- $ CALL DSWAP( I-1, A( 1, I ), 1, A( 1, I+1 ), 1 )
- IF( N.GT.I+1 )
- $ CALL DSWAP( N-I-1, A( I, I+2 ), LDA,
- $ A( I+1, I+2 ), LDA )
- IF( WANTVS ) THEN
- CALL DSWAP( N, VS( 1, I ), 1, VS( 1, I+1 ), 1 )
- END IF
- A( I, I+1 ) = A( I+1, I )
- A( I+1, I ) = ZERO
- END IF
- INXT = I + 2
- END IF
- 20 CONTINUE
- END IF
-*
-* Undo scaling for the imaginary part of the eigenvalues
-*
- CALL DLASCL( 'G', 0, 0, CSCALE, ANRM, N-IEVAL, 1,
- $ WI( IEVAL+1 ), MAX( N-IEVAL, 1 ), IERR )
- END IF
-*
- IF( WANTST .AND. INFO.EQ.0 ) THEN
-*
-* Check if reordering successful
-*
- LASTSL = .TRUE.
- LST2SL = .TRUE.
- SDIM = 0
- IP = 0
- DO 30 I = 1, N
- CURSL = SELECT( WR( I ), WI( I ) )
- IF( WI( I ).EQ.ZERO ) THEN
- IF( CURSL )
- $ SDIM = SDIM + 1
- IP = 0
- IF( CURSL .AND. .NOT.LASTSL )
- $ INFO = N + 2
- ELSE
- IF( IP.EQ.1 ) THEN
-*
-* Last eigenvalue of conjugate pair
-*
- CURSL = CURSL .OR. LASTSL
- LASTSL = CURSL
- IF( CURSL )
- $ SDIM = SDIM + 2
- IP = -1
- IF( CURSL .AND. .NOT.LST2SL )
- $ INFO = N + 2
- ELSE
-*
-* First eigenvalue of conjugate pair
-*
- IP = 1
- END IF
- END IF
- LST2SL = LASTSL
- LASTSL = CURSL
- 30 CONTINUE
- END IF
-*
- WORK( 1 ) = MAXWRK
- RETURN
-*
-* End of DGEES
-*
- END