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%Tutorial slides on Python.
%
% Author: FOSSEE
% Copyright (c) 2009-2016, FOSSEE, IIT Bombay
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% Title page
\title[Interactive Plotting]{Introductory Scientific Computing with
Python}
\subtitle{Introduction, IPython and Plotting}

\author[FOSSEE] {FOSSEE}

\institute[IIT Bombay] {Department of Aerospace Engineering\\IIT Bombay}
\date[] {Mumbai, India
}
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    \frametitle{Outline}
    \tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]
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}

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    \frametitle{Outline}
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% DOCUMENT STARTS
\begin{document}

\begin{frame}
  \maketitle
\end{frame}

%% \begin{frame}
%%   \frametitle{Outline}
%%   \tableofcontents
%%   % You might wish to add the option [pausesections]
%% \end{frame}

\begin{frame}
    \frametitle{Acknowledgement}
    \Large
    \begin{center}
        \alert{FOSSEE group (\url{fossee.in})} \\
        based at\\
        \alert{IIT Bombay}\\
        and funded by\\
        The National Mission on Education through ICT, \\
        \alert{Ministry of HRD, India}
    \end{center}
\end{frame}

\section{Checklist}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Checklist}
  \begin{enumerate}
    \item Editor - we recommend \alert{Canopy}
    \item IPython
    \item Data files:
      \begin{itemize}
      \item \typ{pendulum.txt}
      \item \typ{data.csv}
      \end{itemize}
    \item Images
      \begin{itemize}
      \item \typ{lena.png}
      \end{itemize}
  \end{enumerate}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{About the Tutorial}
  \begin{block}{Intended Audience}
  \begin{itemize}
       \item Engg., Mathematics and Science researchers with a
           reasonable programming background.
  \end{itemize}
  \end{block}

  \begin{block}{Goal: Successful participants will be able to}
    \begin{itemize}
      \item Start using Python as plotting, computational tool.
      \item Use the basic libraries and tools for scientific computing
          with Python.
    \end{itemize}
  \end{block}
\end{frame}

%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
%% \frametitle{The Python interpreter \ldots}
%% \begin{block}{}
%% \begin{lstlisting}
%%   $ python
%% \end{lstlisting} %$
%% \end{block}
%% \begin{lstlisting}
%%   >>> print "Hello, World!"
%%   Hello, World!
%% \end{lstlisting}
%% Exiting
%% \begin{lstlisting}
%%   >>> ^D(Ctrl-D)
%%   $
%% \end{lstlisting} %$
%% \end{frame}

\section{Starting up IPython}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Starting up \ldots}
\begin{block}{Start a terminal}
  \begin{itemize}
    \item Canopy command prompt (Tools menu)
\end{itemize}
\end{block}

\begin{block}{On Terminal}
\begin{lstlisting}
  $ ipython --pylab
\end{lstlisting} %$
\end{block}
\end{frame}

% \section{Starting up IPython}
% \begin{frame}[fragile]
% \frametitle{Starting up \ldots}
% \begin{block}{Terminal Jupyter}
% \begin{lstlisting}
%   $ jupyter console

%   In [1]: %pylab
% \end{lstlisting} %$
% \end{block}
% \end{frame}


\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Running IPython}
\begin{lstlisting}
  In []: print("Hello, World!")
  Hello, World!
\end{lstlisting}

Exiting on the \textbf{terminal}
\begin{lstlisting}
  In []: ^D(Ctrl-D)
  Do you really want to exit([y]/n)? y
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{IPython? }
  \begin{itemize}
  \item An enhanced Python interpreter
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

% \begin{frame}[fragile]
%   \frametitle{Pressed Ctrl-D on Canopy? }
%   \begin{itemize}
%   \item Pressed \verb+Ctrl-D+ inside Canopy?
%   \item You suddenly lost the Python prompt?
%   \item Go to \verb+View->Python+
%   \end{itemize}
% \end{frame}


\section{Breaking out of loops}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Breaking out of Loops}
Breaking out of loops
\begin{lstlisting}
  In []: while True:
    ...:     print("Hello, World!")
    ...:
  Hello, World!
  Hello, World!^C(Ctrl-C)
  ------------------------------------
  KeyboardInterrupt
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Exercise}

  \begin{itemize}
  \item Exit the IPython interpreter
  \item Close the terminal
  \item Restart the terminal (Canopy tools menu)
  \item Restart IPython using:
  \end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
  $ ipython --pylab
\end{lstlisting} %$
  \inctime{10}
\end{frame}

\section{Plotting}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Important instructions}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item For the first session, please do not experiment
  \item Follow along and type everything!
  \item Case matters
  \item Every character you type matters!
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\subsection{Drawing plots}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{First Plot}
\begin{columns}
    \column{0.25\textwidth}
    \hspace*{-0.25in}
  \includegraphics[height=2in, interpolate=true]{data/firstplot}
    \column{0.8\textwidth}
    \begin{block}{}
    \begin{small}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
In []: plot(x, sin(x))
\end{lstlisting}
    \end{small}
    \end{block}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Walkthrough}
\begin{block}{\typ{x = linspace(start, stop, num)} }
returns \typ{num} evenly spaced points, in the interval [\typ{start}, \typ{stop}].
\end{block}
\vspace*{.35in}
\begin{block}{}
  \small
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: x[0]
Out[]: 0.0

In []: x[49]
Out[]: 6.2831853071795862
\end{lstlisting}
\end{block}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Walkthrough \ldots}
\begin{block}{\typ{plot(x, y)}}
plots \typ{x} and \typ{y} using default line style and color
\end{block}
\inctime{5}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Important instructions}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Please do not close the plot windows or IPython
  \item For the first session, please do not experiment
  \item Follow along and type everything!
  \item Case matters
  \item Every character you type matters!
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\subsection{Decoration}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Adding Labels}
\begin{columns}
  \column{0.25\textwidth}
  \hspace*{-0.45in}
  \includegraphics[height=2in, interpolate=true]{data/label}
  \hspace*{0.5in}
  \column{0.55\textwidth}
  \begin{block}{}
  \small
  \begin{lstlisting}
In []: xlabel('x')

In []: ylabel('sin(x)')
  \end{lstlisting}
  \small
%  \end{lstlisting}
%\typ{xlabel(s)} sets the label of the \typ{x}-axis to \typ{s}

%  \begin{lstlisting}
  \end{block}
%\typ{ylabel(s)} sets the label of the \typ{y}-axis to \typ{s}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Another example}
  \begin{lstlisting}
In []: clf()
  \end{lstlisting}
\emphbar{Clears the plot area.}
  \begin{lstlisting}
In []: y = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
In []: plot(y, sin(2*y))
In []: xlabel('y')
In []: ylabel('sin(2y)')
  \end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{IPython tips}

\begin{itemize}
\item Use \typ{TAB} to complete command
\item Try:
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: pl<TAB>
\end{lstlisting}
\end{itemize}
\vspace*{0.5in}

{\Large \structure{History}}
\begin{itemize}
\item Up arrow and down arrow

\item Left / right to move and edit

\item Type some text and press up arrow:
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: pl<Up Arrow>
\end{lstlisting}

\end{itemize}

\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Advanced IPython tips \ldots}
  \begin{itemize}
\item Search: \typ{Ctrl-r} and start typing

\item \typ{Ctrl-a}: go to start of line

\item \typ{Ctrl-e}: go to end of line

\item \typ{Ctrl-k}: kill to end of line
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\subsection{More decoration}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Title and Legends}
\vspace*{-0.15in}
%  \begin{block}{}
%  \small
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: title('Sinusoids')
In []: legend(['sin(2y)'])
\end{lstlisting}
%  \small
%  \end{block}
  \vspace*{-0.1in}
  \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=2in, interpolate=true]{data/legend}
  \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Legend Placement}
\begin{block}{}
    \small
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: legend(['sin(2y)'], loc='center')
\end{lstlisting}
\end{block}

\begin{columns}
    \column{0.6\textwidth}
 \includegraphics[height=2in, interpolate=true]{data/position}
\column{0.45\textwidth}
\vspace{-0.2in}
\begin{lstlisting}
'best'
'right'
'left'
'center'
\end{lstlisting}
\end{columns}
\inctime{15}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Important instructions}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Please do not close the plot windows or IPython
  \item For the first session, please do not experiment
  \item Follow along and type everything!
  \item Case matters
  \item Every character you type matters!
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

%% \begin{frame}[fragile]
%%   \frametitle{For arbitrary location}
%% \vspace*{-0.1in}
%% \begin{lstlisting}
%% In []: legend(['sin(2y)'], loc=(.8,.1))
%% \end{lstlisting}
%% \emphbar{Specify south-east corner position}
%% %\vspace*{-0.2in}
%% \begin{center}
%%   \includegraphics[height=2in, interpolate=true]{data/loc}
%% \end{center}
%% %\inctime{10}
%% \end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Showing it better}
\vspace{-0.15in}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: plot(y, cos(y), 'r')
# See a red plot!

In []: clf()
In []: plot(y, sin(y), 'g', linewidth=2)
\end{lstlisting}
\vspace*{-0.2in}
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=2.2in, interpolate=true]{data/green}
\end{center}
%\inctime{10}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Annotating}
\vspace*{-0.1in}
\begin{lstlisting}
In[]: annotate('local max', xy=(1.5, 1))
\end{lstlisting}
\vspace*{-0.2in}
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=3in, interpolate=true]{data/annotate}
\end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Saving \& Closing}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: savefig('sin.png')

In []: close()
\end{lstlisting}
Some supported formats:
\begin{itemize}
\item png
\item pdf
\item svg
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Recap}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item \typ{linspace(start, end, num)}
  \item \typ{plot(x, y)}
  \item \typ{clf()}
  \item \typ{xlabel, ylabel}
  \item \typ{title, legend, annotate}
  \item \typ{savefig}
  \item \typ{close}
  \end{itemize}
  \inctime{10}
\end{frame}

\section{Multiple plots}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Overlaid Plots}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: y = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
\end{lstlisting}

\begin{lstlisting}
In []: clf()
In []: plot(y, sin(y))
In []: plot(y, cos(y))
In []: xlabel('y')
In []: ylabel('f(y)')
In []: legend(['sin(y)', 'cos(y)'])
# Note how we made two legends
\end{lstlisting}


\emphbar{By default plots would be overlaid!}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Plotting separate figures}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: clf()
In []: figure(1)
In []: plot(y, sin(y))
In []: figure(2)
In []: plot(y, cos(y))
In []: savefig('cosine.png')
In []: figure(1)
In []: title('sin(y)')
In []: savefig('sine.png')
In []: close()
In []: close()
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Get Axes lengths}
\emphbar{Getting axes lengths}
  \begin{lstlisting}
In []: xmin, xmax = xlim()
In []: ymin, ymax = ylim()
In []: print(xmin, xmax)
\end{lstlisting}
\pause
\emphbar{Set the axes limits}
  \begin{lstlisting}
In []: xlim(xmin, 2*pi )
In []: ylim(ymin-0.2, ymax+0.2)
  \end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[plain,fragile]
  \frametitle{Axes lengths}
  \vspace*{-0.2in}
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[height=3.25in, interpolate=true]{data/limits}
  \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{IPython tip: documentation}

\begin{itemize}

    \item Try:
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: plot?
\end{lstlisting}
      \vspace*{0.2in}
        to get more information on \typ{plot}

      \item Use arrow keys to scroll docs
      \item Note: exit help pager with ``q''
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{IPython tip: source}
\begin{itemize}
    \item Try:
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: plot??
\end{lstlisting}
    to see the source code for \typ{plot}

\end{itemize}
\inctime{10}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}[plain,fragile]
\frametitle{Review Problem}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Plot $x, -x, \sin(x), x \sin(x)$ in range $-5\pi$ to $5\pi$
\item Add a legend
\item Annotate the origin
\item Set axes limits to the range of x
\end{enumerate}
\vspace*{-0.15in}
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=2.6in, interpolate=true]{data/four_plot}
\end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Review Problem \ldots}
\alert{Plotting \ldots}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: x = linspace(-5*pi, 5*pi, 500)
In []: plot(x, x, 'b')
In []: plot(x, -x, 'b')
In []: plot(x, sin(x), 'g', linewidth=2)
In []: plot(x, x*sin(x), 'r',
            linewidth=3)
\end{lstlisting}
$\vdots$
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Review Problem \ldots}
\alert{Legend \& Annotation\ldots}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: legend(['x', '-x', 'sin(x)',
               'xsin(x)'])
In []: annotate('origin', xy = (0, 0))
\end{lstlisting}
\alert{Setting Axes limits\ldots}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: xlim(-5*pi, 5*pi)
In []: ylim(-5*pi, 5*pi)
\end{lstlisting}
\inctime{5}
\end{frame}

\section{Scripts -- Saving \& Running}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Command History}
Use the \typ{\%hist} \alert{magic} command of IPython
\typ{In []: \%hist}\\
This displays the ``Command History''
\begin{block}{Careful about errors!}
  \kwrd{\%hist} will contain the errors as well.\\
\end{block}
\pause
\begin{block}{Magic Commands?}
  Magic commands are commands provided by IPython to make our life easier.
\end{block}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Saving commands into script}
Use the \typ{\%save} \alert{magic} command of IPython
\begin{block}{}
\typ{\%save script_name line_numbers}
\end{block}
Line numbers specified individually separated by spaces or as a range separated by a dash.\\
\begin{block}{}
\typ{\%save four_plot.py} \alert{\typ{  16 18-27}} \\
\end{block}
Saves from history the commands entered on line numbers \alert{16, 18, 19, 20, \ldots 27}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Saving commands into a script}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Save lines relevant for the review problem
  \item Hint: example\\ \typ{\%save four_plot.py 16 18-27}
  \item Choose the lines carefully
  \item Edit \typ{four_plot.py} on Canopy
  \item Make sure all the lines are correct
  \item Save the script
  \end{itemize}
\inctime{5}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Creating scripts: alternative}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Create a new file on Canopy
  \item Copy commands for assignment with your mouse
  \item Save the script to \typ{four_plot.py}
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Where is the script saved?}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item \typ{\%save} saves into the current directory
    \vspace*{0.5in}
  \item Use \typ{\%pwd} to print the current directory
  \item Use \typ{\%cd} to change the directory
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}


\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{Python Scripts\ldots}
Now, \typ{four_plot.py} is called a Python Script.
 \begin{itemize}
 \item run the script in IPython using \typ{\%run four_plot.py}\\
 \end{itemize}
\pause
\alert{\typ{NameError: name 'linspace' is not defined}}
\begin{block}{}
To avoid this, run using \alert{\typ{\%run -i four_plot.py}}\\
\end{block}
\pause
Where is the plot?
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: show()
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Exercise}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Add the \typ{show()} command to \typ{four_plot.py}
  \item Save the file
  \item Test that it works
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Result graph}
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[height=3in, interpolate=true]{data/four_plot}
  \end{center}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Running with Python}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Start a new Canopy terminal
  \item Change directory to where you saved \typ{four_plot.py}
  \item Run the script as:
  \end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
 $ python four_plot.py
\end{lstlisting}
  \pause
  Do you see:
  \begin{small}
\begin{lstlisting}
NameError: name 'linspace' is not defined
\end{lstlisting}
  \end{small}
\inctime{5}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Imports}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item \typ{ipython --pylab} does magic
  \item Import libraries using \typ{import}
  \end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: from pylab import linspace
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Exercise}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Add \typ{from pylab import linspace} to top of \typ{four_plot.py}
  \item Test that it works
  \end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
# four_plot.py
from pylab import linspace # <-- added
x = linspace(-5*pi, 5*pi, 500)
plot(x, x, 'b')
...
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Try again}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item On Canopy terminal
  \item Run the script as:
  \end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
 $ python four_plot.py
\end{lstlisting}
  \pause
  \vspace*{0.15in}
  Do you see:
  \begin{small}
\begin{lstlisting}
NameError: name 'plot' is not defined
\end{lstlisting}
  \end{small}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Exercise}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Change line 1 to \typ{from pylab import *}
  \item Test that it works
  \end{itemize}
\begin{lstlisting}
# four_plot.py
from pylab import * # <-- added
x = linspace(-5*pi, 5*pi, 500)
plot(x, x, 'b')
...
\end{lstlisting}
\inctime{5}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Solution}
  \small
\begin{lstlisting}
from pylab import *
x = linspace(-5*pi, 5*pi, 500)
plot(x, x, 'b')
plot(x, -x, 'b')
plot(x, sin(x), 'g', linewidth=2)
plot(x, x*sin(x), 'r', linewidth=3)
legend(['x', '-x', 'sin(x)',
               'xsin(x)'])
annotate('origin', xy = (0, 0))
xlim(-5*pi, 5*pi)
ylim(-5*pi, 5*pi)
show()
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}



\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{What did we learn?}
  \begin{itemize}
    \item Starting up IPython
    \item Creating simple plots
    \item Annotating: labels, legends, annotation
    \item Changing the looks: color, linewidth
    \item Accessing history, documentation
    \item \kwrd{\%hist} - History of commands
    \item Creating a Python script with \typ{\%save}
    \item Running a script using \kwrd{\%run -i}
    \item Importing functionality
    \item Running a script with\ \typ{python script.py}
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
  \frametitle{Using Canopy}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Much easier
  \item Write code in the editor
  \item Embedded IPython
  \item Save (Ctrl-S or Cmd-S)
  \item Run selection: Ctrl-Shift-R (Cmd-Shift-R on OS X)
  \item Run code: Ctrl-R (Cmd-R on OS X)
  \item Change directory with menu (\typ{\%cd})
  \end{itemize}
  \inctime{5}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Note on script file names}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Should start with a letter
  \item Can use \typ{_} (underscore) and numbers
  \item No \typ{.} allowed
  \item No spaces or special characters
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{Test}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item \typ{1_script.py}
  \item \typ{script_1.py}
  \item \typ{one11.py}
  \item \typ{one script.py}
  \item \typ{one,script;xxx.py}
  \item \typ{one.two.py}
  \end{itemize}
\end{frame}

\end{document}

%% Questions for Quiz %%
%% ------------------ %%

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{\incqno }
Draw (roughly) the plot obtained by the following:
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: x = linspace(0, pi, 3)
In []: plot(x, sin(x))
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{\incqno }
Describe the plot produced by the following:
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: x = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
In []: plot(x, cos(x), 'go')
\end{lstlisting}
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{\incqno }
How will you plot the previous graph with line width set to 3?  How will
you set the $x$ and $y$ labels of the plot?
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{\incqno }
How will you set the x and y axis limits so that the region of interest
is in the rectangle $(0, -1.5)$ (left bottom coordinate) and $(2\pi,
1.5)$ (right top coordinate)?
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}
\frametitle{\incqno }
What ipython magic command do you use to obtain the lines of code you have already typed in the interpreter? What command do you use to save them?
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{\incqno }
The following code snippet has an error/bug:
\begin{lstlisting}
In []: y = linspace(0, 2*pi, 50)
In []: plot(y, sin(y))
In []: clf()
In []: plot(y, cos(y))
In []: legend(['sin(y)', 'cos(y)'])
\end{lstlisting}
What is the error? How do you fix it?
\end{frame}