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-from datetime import datetime
-import re
-
-from django.conf import settings
-from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
-from django.db import models, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS, connection
-from django.db.models.fields import FieldDoesNotExist
-from django.test import TestCase
-
-from models import Article
-
-
-class ModelTest(TestCase):
- def assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(self, error, message, callable, *args, **kwargs):
- self.assertRaises(error, callable, *args, **kwargs)
- try:
- callable(*args, **kwargs)
- except error, e:
- self.assertEqual(message, str(e))
-
- def test_lookup(self):
- # No articles are in the system yet.
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [])
-
- # Create an Article.
- a = Article(
- id=None,
- headline='Area man programs in Python',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
- )
-
- # Save it into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
- a.save()
-
- # Now it has an ID.
- self.assertTrue(a.id != None)
-
- # Models have a pk property that is an alias for the primary key
- # attribute (by default, the 'id' attribute).
- self.assertEqual(a.pk, a.id)
-
- # Access database columns via Python attributes.
- self.assertEqual(a.headline, 'Area man programs in Python')
- self.assertEqual(a.pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 28, 0, 0))
-
- # Change values by changing the attributes, then calling save().
- a.headline = 'Area woman programs in Python'
- a.save()
-
- # Article.objects.all() returns all the articles in the database.
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(),
- ['<Article: Area woman programs in Python>'])
-
- # Django provides a rich database lookup API.
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a.id), a)
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(headline__startswith='Area woman'), a)
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pub_date__year=2005), a)
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pub_date__year=2005, pub_date__month=7), a)
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pub_date__year=2005, pub_date__month=7, pub_date__day=28), a)
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pub_date__week_day=5), a)
-
- # The "__exact" lookup type can be omitted, as a shortcut.
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id=a.id), a)
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(headline='Area woman programs in Python'), a)
-
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2005),
- ['<Article: Area woman programs in Python>'],
- )
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2004),
- [],
- )
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2005, pub_date__month=7),
- ['<Article: Area woman programs in Python>'],
- )
-
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=5),
- ['<Article: Area woman programs in Python>'],
- )
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=6),
- [],
- )
-
- # Django raises an Article.DoesNotExist exception for get() if the
- # parameters don't match any object.
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- ObjectDoesNotExist,
- "Article matching query does not exist.",
- Article.objects.get,
- id__exact=2000,
- )
-
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- ObjectDoesNotExist,
- "Article matching query does not exist.",
- Article.objects.get,
- pub_date__year=2005,
- pub_date__month=8,
- )
-
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- ObjectDoesNotExist,
- "Article matching query does not exist.",
- Article.objects.get,
- pub_date__week_day=6,
- )
-
- # Lookup by a primary key is the most common case, so Django
- # provides a shortcut for primary-key exact lookups.
- # The following is identical to articles.get(id=a.id).
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pk=a.id), a)
-
- # pk can be used as a shortcut for the primary key name in any query.
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.filter(pk__in=[a.id]),
- ["<Article: Area woman programs in Python>"])
-
- # Model instances of the same type and same ID are considered equal.
- a = Article.objects.get(pk=a.id)
- b = Article.objects.get(pk=a.id)
- self.assertEqual(a, b)
-
- def test_object_creation(self):
- # Create an Article.
- a = Article(
- id=None,
- headline='Area man programs in Python',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
- )
-
- # Save it into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
- a.save()
-
- # You can initialize a model instance using positional arguments,
- # which should match the field order as defined in the model.
- a2 = Article(None, 'Second article', datetime(2005, 7, 29))
- a2.save()
-
- self.assertNotEqual(a2.id, a.id)
- self.assertEqual(a2.headline, 'Second article')
- self.assertEqual(a2.pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 29, 0, 0))
-
- # ...or, you can use keyword arguments.
- a3 = Article(
- id=None,
- headline='Third article',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 30),
- )
- a3.save()
-
- self.assertNotEqual(a3.id, a.id)
- self.assertNotEqual(a3.id, a2.id)
- self.assertEqual(a3.headline, 'Third article')
- self.assertEqual(a3.pub_date, datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0))
-
- # You can also mix and match position and keyword arguments, but
- # be sure not to duplicate field information.
- a4 = Article(None, 'Fourth article', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31))
- a4.save()
- self.assertEqual(a4.headline, 'Fourth article')
-
- # Don't use invalid keyword arguments.
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- TypeError,
- "'foo' is an invalid keyword argument for this function",
- Article,
- id=None,
- headline='Invalid',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31),
- foo='bar',
- )
-
- # You can leave off the value for an AutoField when creating an
- # object, because it'll get filled in automatically when you save().
- a5 = Article(headline='Article 6', pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31))
- a5.save()
- self.assertEqual(a5.headline, 'Article 6')
-
- # If you leave off a field with "default" set, Django will use
- # the default.
- a6 = Article(pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31))
- a6.save()
- self.assertEqual(a6.headline, u'Default headline')
-
- # For DateTimeFields, Django saves as much precision (in seconds)
- # as you give it.
- a7 = Article(
- headline='Article 7',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30),
- )
- a7.save()
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a7.id).pub_date,
- datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30))
-
- a8 = Article(
- headline='Article 8',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45),
- )
- a8.save()
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a8.id).pub_date,
- datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45))
-
- # Saving an object again doesn't create a new object -- it just saves
- # the old one.
- current_id = a8.id
- a8.save()
- self.assertEqual(a8.id, current_id)
- a8.headline = 'Updated article 8'
- a8.save()
- self.assertEqual(a8.id, current_id)
-
- # Check that != and == operators behave as expecte on instances
- self.assertTrue(a7 != a8)
- self.assertFalse(a7 == a8)
- self.assertEqual(a8, Article.objects.get(id__exact=a8.id))
-
- self.assertTrue(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a8.id) != Article.objects.get(id__exact=a7.id))
- self.assertFalse(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a8.id) == Article.objects.get(id__exact=a7.id))
-
- # You can use 'in' to test for membership...
- self.assertTrue(a8 in Article.objects.all())
-
- # ... but there will often be more efficient ways if that is all you need:
- self.assertTrue(Article.objects.filter(id=a8.id).exists())
-
- # dates() returns a list of available dates of the given scope for
- # the given field.
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.dates('pub_date', 'year'),
- ["datetime.datetime(2005, 1, 1, 0, 0)"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.dates('pub_date', 'month'),
- ["datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 1, 0, 0)"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.dates('pub_date', 'day'),
- ["datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 28, 0, 0)",
- "datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 29, 0, 0)",
- "datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0)",
- "datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 31, 0, 0)"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.dates('pub_date', 'day', order='ASC'),
- ["datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 28, 0, 0)",
- "datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 29, 0, 0)",
- "datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0)",
- "datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 31, 0, 0)"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(
- Article.objects.dates('pub_date', 'day', order='DESC'),
- ["datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 31, 0, 0)",
- "datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0)",
- "datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 29, 0, 0)",
- "datetime.datetime(2005, 7, 28, 0, 0)"])
-
- # dates() requires valid arguments.
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- TypeError,
- "dates() takes at least 3 arguments (1 given)",
- Article.objects.dates,
- )
-
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- FieldDoesNotExist,
- "Article has no field named 'invalid_field'",
- Article.objects.dates,
- "invalid_field",
- "year",
- )
-
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- AssertionError,
- "'kind' must be one of 'year', 'month' or 'day'.",
- Article.objects.dates,
- "pub_date",
- "bad_kind",
- )
-
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- AssertionError,
- "'order' must be either 'ASC' or 'DESC'.",
- Article.objects.dates,
- "pub_date",
- "year",
- order="bad order",
- )
-
- # Use iterator() with dates() to return a generator that lazily
- # requests each result one at a time, to save memory.
- dates = []
- for article in Article.objects.dates('pub_date', 'day', order='DESC').iterator():
- dates.append(article)
- self.assertEqual(dates, [
- datetime(2005, 7, 31, 0, 0),
- datetime(2005, 7, 30, 0, 0),
- datetime(2005, 7, 29, 0, 0),
- datetime(2005, 7, 28, 0, 0)])
-
- # You can combine queries with & and |.
- s1 = Article.objects.filter(id__exact=a.id)
- s2 = Article.objects.filter(id__exact=a2.id)
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(s1 | s2,
- ["<Article: Area man programs in Python>",
- "<Article: Second article>"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(s1 & s2, [])
-
- # You can get the number of objects like this:
- self.assertEqual(len(Article.objects.filter(id__exact=a.id)), 1)
-
- # You can get items using index and slice notation.
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.all()[0], a)
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[1:3],
- ["<Article: Second article>", "<Article: Third article>"])
-
- s3 = Article.objects.filter(id__exact=a3.id)
- self.assertQuerysetEqual((s1 | s2 | s3)[::2],
- ["<Article: Area man programs in Python>",
- "<Article: Third article>"])
-
- # Slicing works with longs.
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.all()[0L], a)
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[1L:3L],
- ["<Article: Second article>", "<Article: Third article>"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual((s1 | s2 | s3)[::2L],
- ["<Article: Area man programs in Python>",
- "<Article: Third article>"])
-
- # And can be mixed with ints.
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[1:3L],
- ["<Article: Second article>", "<Article: Third article>"])
-
- # Slices (without step) are lazy:
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[0:5].filter(),
- ["<Article: Area man programs in Python>",
- "<Article: Second article>",
- "<Article: Third article>",
- "<Article: Article 6>",
- "<Article: Default headline>"])
-
- # Slicing again works:
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[0:5][0:2],
- ["<Article: Area man programs in Python>",
- "<Article: Second article>"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[0:5][:2],
- ["<Article: Area man programs in Python>",
- "<Article: Second article>"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[0:5][4:],
- ["<Article: Default headline>"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[0:5][5:], [])
-
- # Some more tests!
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[2:][0:2],
- ["<Article: Third article>", "<Article: Article 6>"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[2:][:2],
- ["<Article: Third article>", "<Article: Article 6>"])
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[2:][2:3],
- ["<Article: Default headline>"])
-
- # Using an offset without a limit is also possible.
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all()[5:],
- ["<Article: Fourth article>",
- "<Article: Article 7>",
- "<Article: Updated article 8>"])
-
- # Also, once you have sliced you can't filter, re-order or combine
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- AssertionError,
- "Cannot filter a query once a slice has been taken.",
- Article.objects.all()[0:5].filter,
- id=a.id,
- )
-
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- AssertionError,
- "Cannot reorder a query once a slice has been taken.",
- Article.objects.all()[0:5].order_by,
- 'id',
- )
-
- try:
- Article.objects.all()[0:1] & Article.objects.all()[4:5]
- self.fail('Should raise an AssertionError')
- except AssertionError, e:
- self.assertEqual(str(e), "Cannot combine queries once a slice has been taken.")
- except Exception, e:
- self.fail('Should raise an AssertionError, not %s' % e)
-
- # Negative slices are not supported, due to database constraints.
- # (hint: inverting your ordering might do what you need).
- try:
- Article.objects.all()[-1]
- self.fail('Should raise an AssertionError')
- except AssertionError, e:
- self.assertEqual(str(e), "Negative indexing is not supported.")
- except Exception, e:
- self.fail('Should raise an AssertionError, not %s' % e)
-
- error = None
- try:
- Article.objects.all()[0:-5]
- except Exception, e:
- error = e
- self.assertTrue(isinstance(error, AssertionError))
- self.assertEqual(str(error), "Negative indexing is not supported.")
-
- # An Article instance doesn't have access to the "objects" attribute.
- # That's only available on the class.
- self.assertRaisesErrorWithMessage(
- AttributeError,
- "Manager isn't accessible via Article instances",
- getattr,
- a7,
- "objects",
- )
-
- # Bulk delete test: How many objects before and after the delete?
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(),
- ["<Article: Area man programs in Python>",
- "<Article: Second article>",
- "<Article: Third article>",
- "<Article: Article 6>",
- "<Article: Default headline>",
- "<Article: Fourth article>",
- "<Article: Article 7>",
- "<Article: Updated article 8>"])
- Article.objects.filter(id__lte=a4.id).delete()
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(),
- ["<Article: Article 6>",
- "<Article: Default headline>",
- "<Article: Article 7>",
- "<Article: Updated article 8>"])
-
- if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'].startswith('django.db.backends.postgresql'):
- def test_microsecond_precision(self):
- # In PostgreSQL, microsecond-level precision is available.
- a9 = Article(
- headline='Article 9',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45, 180),
- )
- a9.save()
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pk=a9.pk).pub_date,
- datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45, 180))
-
- if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'] == 'django.db.backends.mysql':
- def test_microsecond_precision_not_supported(self):
- # In MySQL, microsecond-level precision isn't available. You'll lose
- # microsecond-level precision once the data is saved.
- a9 = Article(
- headline='Article 9',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45, 180),
- )
- a9.save()
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(id__exact=a9.id).pub_date,
- datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45))
-
- def test_manually_specify_primary_key(self):
- # You can manually specify the primary key when creating a new object.
- a101 = Article(
- id=101,
- headline='Article 101',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45),
- )
- a101.save()
- a101 = Article.objects.get(pk=101)
- self.assertEqual(a101.headline, u'Article 101')
-
- def test_create_method(self):
- # You can create saved objects in a single step
- a10 = Article.objects.create(
- headline="Article 10",
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45),
- )
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(headline="Article 10"), a10)
-
- def test_year_lookup_edge_case(self):
- # Edge-case test: A year lookup should retrieve all objects in
- # the given year, including Jan. 1 and Dec. 31.
- a11 = Article.objects.create(
- headline='Article 11',
- pub_date=datetime(2008, 1, 1),
- )
- a12 = Article.objects.create(
- headline='Article 12',
- pub_date=datetime(2008, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999),
- )
- self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2008),
- ["<Article: Article 11>", "<Article: Article 12>"])
-
- def test_unicode_data(self):
- # Unicode data works, too.
- a = Article(
- headline=u'\u6797\u539f \u3081\u3050\u307f',
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
- )
- a.save()
- self.assertEqual(Article.objects.get(pk=a.id).headline,
- u'\u6797\u539f \u3081\u3050\u307f')
-
- def test_hash_function(self):
- # Model instances have a hash function, so they can be used in sets
- # or as dictionary keys. Two models compare as equal if their primary
- # keys are equal.
- a10 = Article.objects.create(
- headline="Article 10",
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45),
- )
- a11 = Article.objects.create(
- headline='Article 11',
- pub_date=datetime(2008, 1, 1),
- )
- a12 = Article.objects.create(
- headline='Article 12',
- pub_date=datetime(2008, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999),
- )
-
- s = set([a10, a11, a12])
- self.assertTrue(Article.objects.get(headline='Article 11') in s)
-
- def test_extra_method_select_argument_with_dashes_and_values(self):
- # The 'select' argument to extra() supports names with dashes in
- # them, as long as you use values().
- a10 = Article.objects.create(
- headline="Article 10",
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45),
- )
- a11 = Article.objects.create(
- headline='Article 11',
- pub_date=datetime(2008, 1, 1),
- )
- a12 = Article.objects.create(
- headline='Article 12',
- pub_date=datetime(2008, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999),
- )
-
- dicts = Article.objects.filter(
- pub_date__year=2008).extra(
- select={'dashed-value': '1'}
- ).values('headline', 'dashed-value')
- self.assertEqual([sorted(d.items()) for d in dicts],
- [[('dashed-value', 1), ('headline', u'Article 11')], [('dashed-value', 1), ('headline', u'Article 12')]])
-
- def test_extra_method_select_argument_with_dashes(self):
- # If you use 'select' with extra() and names containing dashes on a
- # query that's *not* a values() query, those extra 'select' values
- # will silently be ignored.
- a10 = Article.objects.create(
- headline="Article 10",
- pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 31, 12, 30, 45),
- )
- a11 = Article.objects.create(
- headline='Article 11',
- pub_date=datetime(2008, 1, 1),
- )
- a12 = Article.objects.create(
- headline='Article 12',
- pub_date=datetime(2008, 12, 31, 23, 59, 59, 999999),
- )
-
- articles = Article.objects.filter(
- pub_date__year=2008).extra(
- select={'dashed-value': '1', 'undashedvalue': '2'})
- self.assertEqual(articles[0].undashedvalue, 2)