{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 10: Mixtures of gases and vapors"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.10: Example_10.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"ps=0.5069 //psia\n",
"p=20 //psia\n",
"m1=0.01\n",
"m2=1\n",
"M1=18\n",
"M2=29\n",
"//calculations\n",
"xw= (m1/M1)/(m1/M1+m2/M2)\n",
"pw=xw*p\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('partial pressure of water vapor = %.3f psia',pw)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.11: Example_11.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"t1=80+460 //R\n",
"ps=0.5069 //psia\n",
"disp('from steam tables,')\n",
"vs=633.1 //ft^3/lbm\n",
"phi=0.3\n",
"R=85.6\n",
"Ra=53.3\n",
"p=14.696\n",
"//calculations\n",
"tdew=46 //F\n",
"pw=phi*ps\n",
"rhos=1/vs\n",
"rhow=phi*rhos\n",
"rhow2= pw*144/(R*t1)\n",
"pa=p-pw\n",
"rhoa= pa*144/(Ra*t1)\n",
"w=rhow/rhoa\n",
"//results\n",
"disp('part a')\n",
"printf('partial pressure of water = %.5f psia',pw)\n",
"printf('\n dew temperature = %d F',tdew)\n",
"disp('part b')\n",
"printf('density of water = %.6f lbm/ft^3',rhow)\n",
"printf('\n in case 2, density of water = %.6f lbm/ft^3',rhow2)\n",
"printf('\n density of air = %.6f lbm/ft^3',rhoa)\n",
"disp('part c')\n",
"printf('specific humidity  = %.4f lbm steam/lbm air',w)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.12: Example_12.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"p=14.696 //psia\n",
"ps=0.0505  //psia\n",
"ps2=0.5067 //psia\n",
"phi2=0.5\n",
"phi=0.6\n",
"grain=7000\n",
"//calculations\n",
"pw=phi*ps\n",
"w1=0.622*pw/(p-pw)\n",
"pw2=phi2*ps2\n",
"w2=0.622*pw2/(p-pw2)\n",
"dw=w2-w1\n",
"dwg=dw*grain\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('change in moisture content = %.6f lbm water/lbm dry air',dw)\n",
"printf('\n in grains, change = %.3f grains water/lbm dry air',dwg)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.13: Example_13.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"t1=80 //F\n",
"t2=60 //F\n",
"p=14.696 //psia\n",
"ps=0.5069 //psia\n",
"pss=0.2563 //psia\n",
"cp=0.24\n",
"//calculations\n",
"pw= pss- (p-pss)*(t1-t2)/(2830- 1.44*t2)\n",
"phi=pw/ps\n",
"w=0.622*pw/(p-pw)\n",
"ws=0.0111\n",
"hfg=1059.9\n",
"hw=1096.5\n",
"hf=28\n",
"w2= (cp*(t2-t1)+ ws*hfg)/(hw-hf)\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('relative humidity  = %d percent',phi*100)\n",
"printf('\n humidity ratio = %.5f',w)\n",
"printf('\n in case 2, humidity ratio = %.4f ',w2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.14: Example_14.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"pw=0.15//psia\n",
"disp('using psychrometric charts,')\n",
"tdew=46 //F\n",
"//calculations\n",
"va=13.74 //ft^3/lbm dry air\n",
"rhoa=1/va\n",
"V=13.74\n",
"mw=45/7000\n",
"rhow=mw/V\n",
"w=0.00643\n",
"//results\n",
"disp('part a')\n",
"printf('partial pressure of water = %.2f psia',pw)\n",
"printf('\n dew temperature = %d F',tdew)\n",
"disp('part b')\n",
"printf('density of water = %.6f lbm/ft^3',rhow)\n",
"printf('\n density of air = %.4f lbm/ft^3',rhoa)\n",
"disp('part c')\n",
"printf('specific humidity  = %.5f lbm steam/lbm air',w)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.15: Example_15.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"t=80 //F\n",
"phi=0.3\n",
"w=0.00643\n",
"//calculations\n",
"H=0.24*t+ w*(1061+0.444*t)\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('enthalpy = %.2f Btu/lbm dry air',H)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.16: Example_16.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"disp('From psychrometric charts,')\n",
"va1=13 //ft^3/lbm dry air\n",
"va2=13.88 //ft^3/lbm dry air\n",
"flow=2000 //cfm\n",
"//calculations\n",
"ma1= flow/va1\n",
"ma2=flow/va2\n",
"t=71// F\n",
"phi=t //percent\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('humidity = %d percent',phi)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.17: Example_17.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"t=90 //F\n",
"ts=67.2 //F\n",
"phi=0.3\n",
"per=0.8\n",
"//calculations\n",
"dep=t-ts\n",
"dt=dep*per\n",
"tf=t-dt\n",
"disp('from psychrometric charts,')\n",
"phi2=0.8\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('Dry bulb temperature = %.2f F',tf)\n",
"printf('\n percent humidity  = %.2f',phi2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.18: Example_18.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"m=1 //lbm\n",
"disp('From psychrometric charts,')\n",
"t1=82 //F\n",
"phi1=0.4\n",
"H1=30 //Btu/lbm dry air\n",
"w1=65 //grains/lbm dry air\n",
"w2=250 //grains/lbm dry air\n",
"//calculations\n",
"dmf3=(w2-w1)*0.0001427\n",
"hf3=68\n",
"hf4=43\n",
"H2=62.2\n",
"H1=30\n",
"mf4= (H1-H2+ dmf3*hf3)/(hf4-hf3)\n",
"per=dmf3/(dmf3+mf4)\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('amount of water cooled per pound of dry air = %.3f lbm dry air/lbm dry air',mf4)\n",
"printf('\n percentage of water lost by evaporation = %.2f percent',per*100)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.19: Example_19.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"R0=0.73 //atm ft^3/mol R\n",
"a1=578.9\n",
"a2=3675\n",
"b1=0.684\n",
"b2=1.944\n",
"n1=0.396 //mol\n",
"n2=0.604 //mol\n",
"V=8.518 //ft^3\n",
"T=460+460 //R\n",
"//calculations\n",
"p1=R0*n1*T/(V-n1*b1) - a1*n1^2 /V^2\n",
"p2= R0*n2*T/(V-n2*b2) -a2*n2^2 /V^2\n",
"p=p1+p2\n",
"pa=(n1+n2)*R0*T/V\n",
"err=(pa-p)/p\n",
"pb=58.7 //atm\n",
"err2= (p-pb)/p\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('Pressure = %.1f atm',p)\n",
"printf('\n error in ideal case = %.1f percent',err*100)\n",
"printf('\n error in  case 2 = %.1f percent',err2*100)\n",
"//The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.1: Example_1.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"m1=10 //lbm\n",
"m2=15 //lnm\n",
"p=50 //psia\n",
"t=60+460 //R\n",
"M1=32\n",
"M2=28.02\n",
"R0=10.73 \n",
"//calculations\n",
"n1=m1/M1\n",
"n2=m2/M2\n",
"x1=n1/(n1+n2)\n",
"x2=n2/(n1+n2)\n",
"M=x1*M1+x2*M2\n",
"R=R0/M\n",
"V=(n1+n2)*R0*t/p\n",
"rho=p/(R0*t)\n",
"rho2=M*rho\n",
"p1=x1*p\n",
"p2=x2*p\n",
"v1=x1*V\n",
"v2=x2*V\n",
"//results\n",
"disp('part a')\n",
"printf('Mole fractions of oxygen and nitrogen are %.3f and %.3f respectively',x1,x2)\n",
"disp('part b')\n",
"printf('Average molecular weight = %.1f ',M)\n",
"disp('part c')\n",
"printf('specific gas constant = %.4f psia ft^3/lbm R',R)\n",
"disp('part d')\n",
"printf('volume of mixture = %.1f ft^3',V)\n",
"printf('density of mixture is %.5f mole/ft^3 and %.2f lbm/ft^3',rho,rho2)\n",
"disp('part e')\n",
"printf('partial pressures of oxygen and nitrogen are %.2f psia and %.2f psia respectively' ,p1,p2)\n",
"printf('\n partial volumes of oxygen and nitrogen are %.2f ft^3 and %.2f ft^3 respectively',v1,v2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.20: Example_20.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"p1=45.8 //atm\n",
"p2=36 //atm\n",
"t1=343.3 //R\n",
"t2=766.8 //R\n",
"n1=0.396 //mol\n",
"n2=0.604 //mol\n",
"V=8.518 //ft^3\n",
"R0=0.73\n",
"T=920 //R\n",
"//calcualtions\n",
"vr1=p1*(V/n1)/(R0*t1)\n",
"vr2=p2*(V/n2)/(R0*t2)\n",
"tr1=T/t1\n",
"tr2=T/t2\n",
"disp('From compressibility charts,')\n",
"z1=1\n",
"z2=0.79\n",
"Z=n1*z1+n2*z2\n",
"p=Z*R0*T/V\n",
"p2=62 //atm\n",
"err=(p-p2)/p\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('In case 1, pressure = %.1f atm',p)\n",
"printf('\n In case 2, pressure using trail and error method = %d atm',p2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.21: Example_21.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"t1=343.3 //R\n",
"t2=766.8 //R\n",
"n1=0.396 //mol\n",
"n2=0.604 //mol\n",
"V=8.518 //ft^3\n",
"p1=45.8 //atm\n",
"p2=36 //atm\n",
"R0=0.73\n",
"T=920 //R\n",
"//calculations\n",
"tcd=n1*t1+n2*t2\n",
"pcd=n1*p1+n2*p2\n",
"Tr=T/tcd\n",
"Vr=pcd*V/(R0*tcd)\n",
"Z=0.87\n",
"p=Z*R0*T/V\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('Pressure = %.1f atm',p)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.2: Example_2.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"m1=5.28\n",
"m2=1.28\n",
"m3=23.52\n",
"//calculations\n",
"m=m1+m2+m3\n",
"x1=m1/m\n",
"x2=m2/m\n",
"x3=m3/m\n",
"C=12/44 *m1/ m\n",
"O=(32/44 *m1 + m2)/m\n",
"N=m3/m\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('From gravimetric analysis, co2 = %.1f percent , o2 = %.1f percent and n2 = %.1f percent',x1*100,x2*100,x3*100)\n",
"printf('\n From ultimate analysis, co2 = %.2f percent , o2 = %.2f percent and n2 = %.2f percent',C*100,O*100,N*100)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.3: Example_3.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"x1=1/3\n",
"n1=1\n",
"n2=2\n",
"x2=2/3\n",
"p=12.7 //psia\n",
"cp1=7.01 //Btu/mole R\n",
"cp2=6.94 //Btu/mole R\n",
"R0=1.986\n",
"T2=460+86.6 //R\n",
"T1=460 //R\n",
"p0=14.7 //psia\n",
"//calculations\n",
"p1=x1*p\n",
"p2=x2*p\n",
"ds1= cp1*log(T2/T1) - R0*log(p1/p0)\n",
"ds2= cp2*log(T2/T1) - R0*log(p2/p0)\n",
"S=n1*ds1+n2*ds2\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('Entropy of mixture = %.2f Btu/R',S)\n",
"printf('the answer given in textbook is wrong. please check using a calculator')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.4: Example_4.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"c1=4.97 //Btu/mol R\n",
"c2=5.02 //Btu/mol R\n",
"n1=2\n",
"n2=1\n",
"T1=86.6+460 //R\n",
"T2=50+460 //R\n",
"//calculations\n",
"du=(n1*c1+n2*c2)*(T2-T1)\n",
"ds=(n1*c1+n2*c2)*log(T2/T1)\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('Change in internal energy = %d Btu',du)\n",
"printf('\n Change in entropy = %.3f Btu/R',ds)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.5: Example_5.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"n1=1\n",
"n2=2\n",
"c1=5.02\n",
"c2=4.97\n",
"t1=60 //F\n",
"t2=100 //F\n",
"R0=10.73\n",
"p1=30 //psia\n",
"p2=10 //psia\n",
"//calcualtions\n",
"t=(n1*c1*t1+n2*c2*t2)/(n1*c1+n2*c2)\n",
"V1= n1*R0*(t1+460)/p1\n",
"V2=n2*R0*(t2+460)/p2\n",
"V=V1+V2\n",
"pm=(n1+n2)*R0*(t+460)/V\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('Pressure of mixture = %.1f psia',pm)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.6: Example_6.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"T2=546.6 //R\n",
"T1=520 //R\n",
"T3=560 //R\n",
"v2=1389.2\n",
"v1=186.2\n",
"R0=1.986\n",
"c1=5.02\n",
"c2=4.97\n",
"n1=1\n",
"n2=2\n",
"v3=1203\n",
"//calculations\n",
"ds1=n1*c1*log(T2/T1) + n1*R0*log(v2/v1)\n",
"ds2=n2*c2*log(T2/T3)+n2*R0*log(v2/v3)\n",
"ds=ds1+ds2\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('Net change in entropy = %.3f Btu/R',ds)\n",
"//The answer is a bit different due to rounding off error in the textbook"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.7: Example_7.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"m1=1 //lbm\n",
"m2=0.94 //lbm\n",
"M1=29\n",
"M2=18\n",
"p1=50 //psia\n",
"p2=100 //psia\n",
"t1=250 +460 //R\n",
"R0=1.986\n",
"cpa=6.96\n",
"cpb=8.01\n",
"//calculations\n",
"xa = (m1/M1)/((m1/M1)+ m2/M2)\n",
"xb=1-xa\n",
"t2=t1*(p2/p1)^(R0/(xa*cpa+xb*cpb))\n",
"d=R0/(xa*cpa+xb*cpb)\n",
"k=1/(1-d)\n",
"dsa=cpa*log(t2/t1) -R0*log(p2/p1)\n",
"dSa=(m1/M1)*dsa\n",
"dSw=-dSa\n",
"dsw=dSw*M2/m2\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('Final remperature = %d R',t2)\n",
"printf('\n Change in entropy of air = %.3f btu/mole R and %.5f Btu/R',dsa,dSa)\n",
"printf('\n Change in entropy of water = %.4f btu/mole R and %.5f Btu/R',dsw,dSw)\n",
"//The answers are a bit different due to rounding off error in textbook"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.8: Example_8.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"T=250 + 460 //R\n",
"p=29.825 //psia\n",
"pt=50 //psia\n",
"vg=13.821 //ft^3/lbm\n",
"M=29\n",
"R=10.73\n",
"//calculations\n",
"pa=pt-p\n",
"V=1/M *R*T/pa\n",
"ma=V/vg\n",
"xa=p/pt\n",
"mb=xa/M *18/(1-xa)\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('In case 1, volume occupied = %.2f ft^3',V)\n",
"printf('\n In case 1, mass of steam = %.2f lbm steam',ma)\n",
"printf('\n In case 2, mass of steam = %.3f lbm steam',mb)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 10.9: Example_9.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"clc\n",
"//Initialization of variables\n",
"ps=0.64 //psia\n",
"p=14.7 //psia\n",
"M=29\n",
"M2=46\n",
"//calculations\n",
"xa=ps/p\n",
"mb=xa*9/M *M2/(1-xa)\n",
"//results\n",
"printf('percentage = %d percent',mb*100)"
   ]
   }
],
"metadata": {
		  "kernelspec": {
		   "display_name": "Scilab",
		   "language": "scilab",
		   "name": "scilab"
		  },
		  "language_info": {
		   "file_extension": ".sce",
		   "help_links": [
			{
			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
			}
		   ],
		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
		   "name": "scilab",
		   "version": "0.7.1"
		  }
		 },
		 "nbformat": 4,
		 "nbformat_minor": 0
}