{ "cells": [ { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "# Chapter 16: The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Example 16.1: Resultin_temperature_of_interstellar_space.sce" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "clear\n", "clc\n", "disp('Ex-16.1');\n", "N2=0.25;N1=0.75; //various given values\n", "L2=1;L1=0;\n", "E1_E2=-4.7*(10^-4); //Energy difference\n", "a=(N2/N1); b=(((2*L2)+1)/((2*L1)+1));c=E1_E2; //various terms involved in the formula of ratio of population\n", "kT=(c/log(a/b)); //value of k*T\n", "k=0.0000856; //constant\n", "T=kT/k; //temperature of interstellar space\n", "printf('The temperature of interstellar space was found out to be %.1f K',T);" ] } , { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Example 16.2: Solution_for_a_and_b.sce" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "clear\n", "clc\n", "disp('Ex-16.2');\n", "mc2=940*10^6; k=8.6*10^-5; //various constants and given values in suitable units\n", "T= mc2/k; //temperature of the photons\n", "printf('The temperature of the photons must be %.1e K\n',T);\n", "t=((1.5*10^10)/T)^2; //age of universe when the photons have the above temperature\n", "printf('The age of the universe for the temperature of the photon to be as obtained above is %.0e seconds',t);" ] } , { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "## Example 16.3: Relative_number_of_neutrons_and_protons_among_the_nucleus.sce" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "execution_count": null, "metadata": { "collapsed": true }, "outputs": [], "source": [ "clear\n", "clc\n", "disp('Ex-16.3'); \n", "k=8.62*10^-5; //various values and constants\n", "T= 1.5*10^10;\n", "delE=1.3*10^6;\n", "a= delE/(k*T); //exponent in boltzmann factor\n", "b=%e^-a; //ratio of neutron to protons\n", "r=(1/(1+b))*100; //relative number of protons\n", "printf('The percentage of protons is %.0f and neutrons is %.0f.',r,100-r);" ] } ], "metadata": { "kernelspec": { "display_name": "Scilab", "language": "scilab", "name": "scilab" }, "language_info": { "file_extension": ".sce", "help_links": [ { "text": "MetaKernel Magics", "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md" } ], "mimetype": "text/x-octave", "name": "scilab", "version": "0.7.1" } }, "nbformat": 4, "nbformat_minor": 0 }