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 {
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	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 4: Operational Amplifier"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.1: EX4_1.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
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"//Example 4.1 // For an op-amp circuit find a) closed loop gain Acl b) input impedance Zin c) output impedance Zo\n",
"clc ;\n",
"clear ;\n",
"close ;\n",
"ro = 85 ; // ohm\n",
"A = 150*10^3 ; // ohm\n",
"R2 = 350*10^3 ; // ohm  // Feedback resistance\n",
"R1 = 10*10^3 ; // ohm  // Input resistance\n",
"\n",
"// a) closed loop gain\n",
"// ACL = abs(Vo/Vin) = abs(R2/R1)\n",
"ACL = abs(R2/R1) ;\n",
"disp('  closed loop gain of an op-amp is = '+string(ACL)+'  '); // 1/beta = ACL\n",
"beta = (1/ACL) ;\n",
"\n",
"// b) the input impedance Zin\n",
"Zin = R1 ;\n",
"disp('  the input impedance Zin = '+string(Zin)+' ohm ');\n",
"\n",
"// c0 the output impedance Z0\n",
"Z0 = (ro)/(1+(beta*A));\n",
"disp('  the output impedance Z0 = '+string(Z0)+' ohm ');\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.2: Determine_the_differece_voltage_and_open_loop_gain_of_an_op_amp.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
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"source": [
"//Example 4.2 // Determine the differece voltage and open loop gain of an op-amp\n",
"clc ;\n",
"clear ;\n",
"close ;\n",
"V1 = -5 ; // volt  // input voltage\n",
"V2 = 5 ; // volt\n",
"Vo = 20 ; //volt  // output voltage\n",
"\n",
"// the difference voltage is given by \n",
" Vd = V2-V1 ;\n",
"disp('  The difference voltage is = '+string(Vd)+' V ');\n",
"\n",
"// open loop gain \n",
"A = (Vo/Vd);\n",
"disp('  The open loop gain is = '+string(A)+'  ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.3: Determine_the_differece_voltage_and_open_loop_gain_of_an_op_amp.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
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	   "execution_count": null,
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"source": [
"//Example 4.3 // Determine the differece voltage and open loop gain of an op-amp\n",
"clc ;\n",
"clear ;\n",
"close ;\n",
"V1 = -5 ; // volt // input voltage\n",
"V2 = 0 ; // volt  // GND\n",
"Vo = 20 ; //volt  // output voltage\n",
"\n",
"// the difference voltage is given by \n",
" Vd = V2-V1 ;\n",
"disp('  The difference voltage is = '+string(Vd)+' V ');\n",
"\n",
"// open loop gain \n",
"A = (Vo/Vd);\n",
"disp('  The open loop gain is = '+string(A)+'  ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.4: Determine_the_differece_voltage_and_open_loop_gain_of_an_op_amp.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
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	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
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	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 4.4 // Determine the differece voltage and open loop gain of an op-amp\n",
"clc ;\n",
"clear ;\n",
"close ;\n",
"V1 = 0 ; // volt // input voltage  // GND\n",
"V2 = 5 ; // volt  \n",
"Vo = 20 ; //volt  // output voltage\n",
"\n",
"// the difference voltage is given by \n",
" Vd = V2-V1 ;\n",
"disp('  The difference voltage is = '+string(Vd)+' V ');\n",
"\n",
"// open loop gain \n",
"A = (Vo/Vd);\n",
"disp('  The open loop gain is = '+string(A)+'  ');\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.5: Determine_the_differece_voltage_and_open_loop_gain_of_an_op_amp.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
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"source": [
"//Example 4.5 // Determine the differece voltage and open loop gain of an op-amp\n",
"clc ;\n",
"clear ;\n",
"close ;\n",
"V1 = 5 ; // volt // input voltage  // GND\n",
"V2 = -5 ; // volt  \n",
"Vo = -20 ; //volt  // output voltage\n",
"\n",
"// the difference voltage is given by \n",
" Vd = V2-V1 ;\n",
"disp('  The difference voltage is = '+string(Vd)+' V ');\n",
"\n",
"// open loop gain \n",
"A = (Vo/Vd);\n",
"disp('  The open loop gain is = '+string(A)+'  ');\n",
"\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.6: To_find_closed_loop_gain_and_output_voltage_Vo_of_an_inverting_op_amp.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
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	   "execution_count": null,
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"source": [
"//Example4.6  // To find closed loop gain and output voltage Vo of an inverting op-amp\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"R1 = 10 ; //kilo ohm  // input resistance\n",
"R2 = 25 ; // kilo ohm  // feedback resistance\n",
"Vin = 10 ; //volt  // input voltage\n",
"\n",
"// Closed loop gain of an inverting op-amp\n",
"Ac = -(R2/R1) ;\n",
"disp('The Closed loop gain of an inverting op-amp is = '+string(Ac)+'  ');\n",
"Ac = abs(Ac);\n",
"disp('The |Ac| Closed loop gain of an inverting op-amp is = '+string(Ac)+'  ');\n",
"\n",
"// the output voltage of an inverting op-amp\n",
"Vo = -(R2/R1)*Vin ;\n",
"disp('  The output voltage of an inverting op-amp is = '+string(Vo)+' V ');"
   ]
   }
,
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		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.7: To_find_closed_loop_gain_and_output_voltage_Vo_of_an_non_inverting_op_amp.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
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"source": [
"//Example4.7  // To find closed loop gain and output voltage Vo of an non-inverting op-amp\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"R1 = 10 ; //kilo ohm  // input resistance\n",
"R2 = 25 ; // kilo ohm  // feedback resistance\n",
"Vin = 10 ; //volt  // input voltage\n",
"\n",
"// Closed loop gain of an non-inverting op-amp\n",
"Ac = 1+(R2/R1) ;\n",
"Ac = abs(Ac);\n",
"disp('The Closed loop gain of an non-inverting op-amp is = '+string(Ac)+'  ');\n",
"\n",
"// the output voltage of an inverting op-amp\n",
"Vo = (1+R2/R1)*Vin ;\n",
"disp(' The output voltage of an non-inverting op-amp is = '+string(Vo)+' V ');\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.8: to_find_out_closed_loop_gain_and_output_voltage_Vo.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
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	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example4.8  // to find out closed loop gain and output voltage Vo\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"R1 = 10 ; //kilo ohm  // input resistance\n",
"R3 = 10 ; //kilo ohm  // input resistance\n",
"R2 = 25 ; // kilo ohm  // feedback resistance\n",
"R4 = 25 ; // kilo ohm  // feedback resistance\n",
"Vin2 = 10 ; //volt  // input voltage\n",
"Vin1 = -10 ; //volt  // input voltage\n",
"\n",
"// closed loop gain of differntial op-amp is given by\n",
"Ac = (R2/R1) ;\n",
"Ac = abs(Ac); \n",
"disp('The closed loop gain of differntial op-amp is = '+string(Ac)+'  ');\n",
"\n",
"// the output voltage of an non-inverting op-amp is given by\n",
"Vo = (R2/R1)*(Vin2-Vin1) ;\n",
"disp('The output voltage of an non-inverting op-amp is= '+string(Vo)+' V ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.9: Determine_the_non_inverting_input_voltage.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
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"source": [
"// Example4.9  // Determine the non-inverting input voltage\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"R1 = 10 ; //kilo ohm  // input resistance\n",
"R2 = 25 ; //kilo ohm // feedback resistance\n",
"Voh = 10 ; // volt //output voltage\n",
"Vol = -10 ; // volt // output voltage\n",
"\n",
"// upper voltage\n",
"V = (R1/(R1+R2)*Voh) ;\n",
"disp('  The upper voltage is = '+string(V)+' V ');\n",
"\n",
"// Lower voltage\n",
"V = (R1/(R1+R2)*Vol) ;\n",
"disp('  The lower voltage is = '+string(V)+' V ');\n",
""
   ]
   }
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