{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 6: Choppers"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.5_1: average_load_voltage_RMS_load_voltage_Form_factor_and_Ripple_factor.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.5.1:average load voltage,RMS load voltage ,Form factor and Ripple factor\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',6)\n",
"//given data \n",
"f=1;//in kHz\n",
"t=1/f;//in ms\n",
"d=0.3;//\n",
"v=200;//\n",
"vch=2;//in volts\n",
"vldc=(v-vch)*d;//average load voltage in volts\n",
"disp('part (a)')\n",
"disp(vldc,'average load voltage in volts is')\n",
"disp('part (b)')\n",
"vlrms=(v-vch)*sqrt(d);//RMS load voltage in volts\n",
"disp(vlrms,'RMS load voltage in volts is')\n",
"disp('part (c)')\n",
"FF=vlrms/vldc;//\n",
"disp('ripple factor is '+string(FF)+' or '+string(FF*100)+'%')\n",
"disp('part (d)')\n",
"rf=sqrt(FF^2-1);//\n",
"disp('ripple factor is '+string(rf)+' or '+string(rf*100)+'%')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.5_2: chooper_efficiency_input_resistance_and_average_load_curren.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.5.2: chooper efficiency,input resistance and average load current\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',6)\n",
"//given data \n",
"r=10;//in ohms\n",
"f=1;//in kHz\n",
"t=1/f;//in ms\n",
"d=0.3;//\n",
"v=200;//\n",
"vch=2;//in volts\n",
"Po=((v-vch)^2)*(d/r);//in watts\n",
"Pi=((d*v*(v-vch))/r);//in watts\n",
"cn=Po/Pi;//chopper efficiency\n",
"disp('part (a)')\n",
"disp('chopper efficiency is '+string(cn)+' or '+string(cn*100)+'%')\n",
"disp('part (b)')\n",
"R1=r/d;//\n",
"disp(R1,'input resistance in ohm is')\n",
"disp('part (c)')\n",
"vldc=59.4;//V\n",
"r=10;//ohm\n",
"Ildc=vldc/r;//amp\n",
"disp(Ildc,'average load current is,(A)=')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.5_3: Duty_Cycle_Average_Load_voltage_and_RMS_Load_Voltage.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.5.3: Duty Cycle,Average Load voltage and RMS Load Voltage\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',6)\n",
"//given data \n",
"V=200;// in volts\n",
"T_on=500*10^-6;\n",
"f=1*10^3;// in Hz\n",
"D=T_on*f;\n",
"disp('part (a)')\n",
"disp('duty cycle is '+string(D)+' or '+string(D*100)+'%')\n",
"disp('part (b)')\n",
"VL_dc=D*V;\n",
"disp(VL_dc,'Average Load Voltage,(volts) = ')\n",
"disp('part (c)')\n",
"VL_rms=sqrt(D)*V;\n",
"disp(VL_rms,'RMS Load Voltage,VL_rms(volts) = ')\n",
"//part c answer is calculated wrong in book"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.5_4: plot_the_variatio.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.5.4:average load voltage and rms load voltage\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"//given data \n",
"for i=1:10\n",
"    sr(i)=i;//\n",
"    d(1)=0;\n",
"    d(i+1)=d(i)+0.1;//\n",
"end\n",
"for i=1:11\n",
"    v=1;//\n",
"    vldc(i)=d(i)*v;//\n",
"    vlrms(i)=sqrt(d(i))*v;//\n",
"end\n",
"X = [sr];\n",
"Y = [d];\n",
"Z  = [vldc];\n",
"U= [vlrms];\n",
"disp(Z,'Vldc different values of average load voltage are in volts')\n",
"disp(U,'Vlrms diffent values of RMS load voltage are in volts')\n",
"plot(d,[vlrms vldc]);\n",
"xlabel('DUTY CYCLE D')\n",
"ylabel('Vldc & Vlrms Volts')\n",
"xtitle('Variation of Vldc and Vlrms with duty cycle D')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.5_5: plot_the_variatio.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.5.5:average load voltage and rms load voltage\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"//given data \n",
"d=[0.1;0.2;0.3;0.4;0.5;0.6;0.7;0.8;0.9;1.0]\n",
"for i=1:10\n",
"    FF(i)=(1/sqrt(d(i)))*100;//\n",
"     RF(i)=(((((FF(i))/100)^2)-1)^(1/2))*100;//\n",
"end\n",
"disp(FF,'FF different values of form factor in percentage is')\n",
"disp(RF,'RF diffent values of ripple factor in percentage is')\n",
"plot(d,[FF RF]);\n",
"xlabel('DUTY CYCLE D')\n",
"ylabel('FF & RF (%)')\n",
"xtitle('Variation of FF and RF with duty cycle D')\n",
"hl=legend(['FF %';'RF %']);"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.5_6: EX6_5_6.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.5.6: Average output voltage,RMS output voltage,chopper efficiency and Effective input resistance\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"//given data :\n",
"format('v',6)\n",
"r=10;//in ohms\n",
"d=0.3;//\n",
"v=230;//\n",
"vch=1.5;//in volts\n",
"D=80/100;// duty cycle\n",
"V=220;// in volts\n",
"Vch=1.5;//in volts\n",
"VL_dc=D*(V-Vch);\n",
"disp('part (a)')\n",
"disp(VL_dc,'Average output voltage,VL_dc(V) = ')\n",
"disp('part (b)')\n",
"VL_rms=sqrt(D)*(V-Vch);\n",
"disp(VL_rms,'RMS output voltage,VL_rms(V) = ')\n",
"disp('part (c)')\n",
"Po=((v-vch)^2)*(d/r);//in watts\n",
"Pi=((d*v*(v-vch))/r);//in watts\n",
"cn=Po/Pi;//chopper efficiency\n",
"disp('chopper efficiency is '+string(cn)+' or '+string(cn*100)+'%')\n",
"disp('part (d)')\n",
"D=80/100;// duty cycle\n",
"R=20;//in ohm\n",
"Ri=R/D;\n",
"disp(Ri,'Effective input resistance,Ri(ohm) = ')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.5_7: average_output_voltage_and_average_load_current.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.5.7.a;average output voltage and current\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"//given data :\n",
"vs=120;//in volts\n",
"vb=1;//in volts\n",
"d=0.33;//\n",
"rl=10;//in ohms\n",
"f=200;//in Hz\n",
"Vldc=d*vs;//\n",
"Ildc=round(Vldc)/rl;//in amperes\n",
"disp(round(Vldc),'average/DC output voltage in volts is')\n",
"disp(Ildc,'average load current in amperes is')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.6_11: value_of_current_limiting_resistor_maximum_and_minimum_duty_cycle.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.6.11: value of current limiting resistor ,maximum and minimum duty cycle\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',6)\n",
"//given data :\n",
"v=325;//in volts\n",
"eb=120;//in volts\n",
"r=0.2;//in ohms\n",
"ra=0.3;//in ohms\n",
"e=120;//in volts\n",
"rb=0.2;//in ohms\n",
"rl=0.3;//in ohms\n",
"d=60;//in percentage\n",
"i=20;//in amperes\n",
"vo=(d/100)*v;//\n",
"R=((i*rl)-(v-eb)+(i*rb))/(-i);//\n",
"disp('part (a)')\n",
"disp(R,'value of current limiting resistor in ohm is')\n",
"//value of current limiting resistor is calculated wrong in the textbook\n",
"disp('part (b)')\n",
"p=15;//\n",
"R=9.45;//\n",
"vmax=v+(v*(p/100));//\n",
"vmin=v-(v*(p/100));//\n",
"Dmax=((i*R)/vmin)*100;//\n",
"Dmin=((i*R)/vmax)*100;//\n",
"disp(Dmax,'maximum duty cycle in percentage is')\n",
"disp(Dmin,'minimum duty cycle in percentage is')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.6_5: average_armature_current.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.6.5 : Average armature current\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"//given data :\n",
"V=200;// in volts\n",
"D=50/100;// duty cycle\n",
"VL_dc=V*D;\n",
"Eb=75;// in volts\n",
"Ra=1;// in ohm\n",
"Ia=(VL_dc-Eb)/Ra;\n",
"disp(Ia,'Average armature current,Ia(A) = ')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.6_6: EX6_6_6.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.6.6 :minimum instantaneous load current,peak instantaneous current and maximum peak to peak ripple\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',6)\n",
"v=220;//volts\n",
"r=10;//in ohms\n",
"l=15.5;//in mH\n",
"f=5;//in kHz\n",
"Eb=20;//in volts\n",
"d=0.5;//\n",
"x=exp((-(1-d)*r)/(f*10^3*l*10^-3));//\n",
"y=(1-x)*(Eb/r);//\n",
"y1=(1-x)*((v-Eb)/r);//\n",
"A=[0.94 -0.94*0.94;0.94 -1];\n",
"B=[-0.94*0.125;-1.25];\n",
"X=A\B;//\n",
"disp('part (a)')\n",
"disp(X(1,1),'minimum instantaneous current in amperes is')\n",
"disp('part (b)')\n",
"disp(X(2,1),'peak instantaneous current in amperes is')\n",
"disp('part (c)')\n",
"PP=X(2,1)-X(1,1);//\n",
"disp(PP,'maximum peak to peak ripple in the load current in amperes is')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.6_7: load_inductance.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.6.7;inductance\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"v=220;//in volts\n",
"r=0.2;//in ohms\n",
"ia=200;//in amperes\n",
"f=200;//in hz\n",
"di=0.05*ia;//in amperes\n",
"e=0;//in volts\n",
"d=0.5;//\n",
"l=((1-d)*v*d*(1/f))/di;//\n",
"disp(l*10^3,'inductance in mH is')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.6_9: EX6_6_9.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.6.9: load current is continuous or not,Average output current , maximum and minimum steady state output current and  RMS values of first and second harmonics of the load current\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"//given data :\n",
"format('v',6)\n",
"V=220;//in volts\n",
"La=5;// in mH\n",
"Eb=24;//in volts\n",
"Ra=1;// in ohm\n",
"T=2;//in m-sec\n",
"D=0.6/2;\n",
"D_dash=(La/(T*Ra))*log(1-((Eb/V)*(1-exp((T*Ra)/La))));\n",
"disp('part (c)')\n",
"disp('As D = '+string(D)+'% is greater then D_dash = '+string(D_dash)+'% so load current is continous')\n",
"disp('part (d)')\n",
"Io=((D*V)-Eb)/Ra;\n",
"disp(Io,'Average output current,Io(A) = ')\n",
"I_max=(V/Ra)*((1-exp(-(D*T*Ra)/La))/(1-exp(-(T*Ra)/La)))-(Eb/Ra);\n",
"disp(I_max,'Maximum steady state putput current,I_max(A) = ')\n",
"I_min=(V/Ra)*((1-exp((D*T*Ra)/La))/(1-exp((T*Ra)/La)))-(Eb/Ra);\n",
"disp(round(I_min),'Minimum steady state output current,I_min(A) = ')\n",
"disp('part (e)')\n",
"C1_rms=((2*V)/(%pi*sqrt(2)))*sin(%pi*D);// in volts\n",
"C2_rms=((2*V)/(2*%pi*sqrt(2)))*sin(2*%pi*D);// in volts\n",
"Z1=((Ra^2+(2*%pi*La*10^-3*(1/(T*10^-3)))^2)^(1/2));//\n",
"Z2=((Ra^2+(2*2*%pi*La*10^-3*(1/(T*10^-3)))^2)^(1/2));//\n",
"Ifl=C1_rms/Z1;//in amperes\n",
"Ifl1=C2_rms/Z2;//in amperes\n",
"disp(Ifl,'fundamental component of load current in amperes is')\n",
"disp(Ifl1,'second harmonic component of load current in amperes is')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.9_1: output_voltage.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.9.1 : pulse width and output voltage\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"//given data :\n",
"v=220;//in volts\n",
"vo=660;//in volts\n",
"toff=100;//in micro seconds\n",
"ton=((vo*toff)/v)-toff;//in micro secondsT=ton+toff;//in micro seconds\n",
"T=ton+toff;\n",
"f=(1/T);//in Hz\n",
"Vo=((v)/(1-(f*(ton/2))));//in volts\n",
"disp(ton,'pulse width (ton) in micro seconds is')\n",
"disp(Vo,'new output voltage in volts is')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.9_2: chopping_frequency_and_output_voltage.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.9.2 :chopping frequency and new output voltage\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',8)\n",
"//given data :\n",
"v=200;//in volts\n",
"vo=600;//in volts\n",
"ton=200;//in micro seconds\n",
"x=-((v/vo)-1);//\n",
"f=x/(ton*10^-6);//\n",
"ton1=ton/2;//\n",
"Vo=((v)/(1-(f*ton1*10^-6)));//in volts\n",
"disp(f,'chopping frequency in Hz is')\n",
"disp(Vo,'new output voltage in volts is')"
   ]
   }
],
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