{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 3: Evaluating Properties"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.11: Example.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Given:-\n",
"p1 = 1.0                               // initial pressure in bar\n",
"T1 = 295.0                             // initial temperature in kelvin \n",
"p2 = 5.0                               // final pressure in bar\n",
"n = 1.3                                // polytropic constant\n",
"R = 8314/28.97                         // gas constant for air in SI units\n",
"// From table A-22\n",
"u2 = 306.53\n",
"u1 = 210.49\n",
"// Calculations\n",
"T2 = T1*(p2/p1)**((n-1)/n)\n",
"w = R*(T2-T1)/(1-n)\n",
"Q = u2-u1+w/1000\n",
"// Results\n",
"printf( ' The work done per unit mass is %f KJ/kg.',w/1000)\n",
"printf( ' The heat transfer per unit mass is %f KJ/kg.',Q);"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.1: Example.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Given:-\n",
"// Those with 1 are of state 1 and 2 are with state 2\n",
"// State 1\n",
"p1 = 10**5                     // initial pressure in pascal \n",
"x1 = 0.5                       // initial quality\n",
"T1 = 99.63                     // temperature in degree celcius, from table A-3\n",
"v = 0.5                        // volume of container in m3\n",
"vf1 = 1.0432*(10**(-3))        // specific volume of fluid in state 1 in m3/Kg(from table A-3)\n",
"vg1 = 1.694                    // specific volume of gas in state 1 in m3/kg(from table A-3)\n",
"// State 2\n",
"p2 = 1.5*(10**5)               // pressure after heating in pascal\n",
"T2 = 111.4                     // temperature in degree celcius in state 2, from A-3\n",
"vf2 = 1.0582*(10**(-3))        // specific volume of fluid in state 2 in m3/Kg, from A-3\n",
"vg2 = 1.159                    // specific volume of gas in state 2 in m3/Kg,from A-3\n",
"// Calculations\n",
"v1 = vf1 + x1*(vg1-vf1)        // specific volume in state 1 in m3/Kg\n",
"v2 = v1                        // specific volume in state 2 in m3/Kg\n",
"m = v/v1                       // total mass in Kg\n",
"mg1 = x1*m                     // mass of vapour in state 1 in Kg\n",
"x2 = (v1-vf2)/(vg2-vf2)        // quality in state 2\n",
"mg2 = x2*m                     // mass of vapor in state 2 in Kg \n",
"// State 3\n",
"p3 = 2.11                      // pressure in state 3 from table A-3\n",
"// Results\n",
"printf( ' The temperature in state 1 is %f degree celcius.',T1)\n",
"printf( ' The temperature in state 2 is %f degree celcius.',T2)\n",
"printf( ' The mass of vapour in state 1 is %.2f kg.',mg1) \n",
"printf( ' The mass of vapour in state 2 is %.2f kg.',mg2)\n",
"printf( ' The pressure corresponding to state 3 is %.2f bar',p3)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.2: Example.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Given:-\n",
"m = 0.05                       // mass of ammonia in kg \n",
"p1 = 1.5*(10**5)               // initial pressure of ammonia in pascal\n",
"v1 = 0.7787                    // specific volume in state 1 in m3/kg from table A-14\n",
"v2 = 0.9553                    // specific volume in state 2 in m3/kg from table A-15\n",
"T2 = 25.0                      // final temperature in degree celcius\n",
"// Calculations\n",
"V1 = m*v1                      // volume occupied by ammonia in state 1 in m3\n",
"V2 = m*v2                      // volume occupied by ammonia in state 2 in m3\n",
"w = (p1*(V2-V1))/1000          // work in KJ\n",
"// Results\n",
"printf( ' The volume occupied by ammonia in state 1 is %.2f m^3.',V1)\n",
"printf( ' The volume occupied by ammonia in state 2 is %.2f m^3',V2)\n",
"printf( ' The work done for the process is %.2f KJ',w)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.3: Example.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Given:-\n",
"V = 0.25             // volume of tank in m3\n",
"v = 1.673            // specific volume in m3/kg obtained using table A-2\n",
"// State 1\n",
"T1 = 100.0            // initial temperature in degree celcius\n",
"u1 = 2506.5           // specific internal energy in state 1 in KJ/Kg obtained from table A-2\n",
"// State 2\n",
"p2 = 1.5              // final pressure in bars\n",
"T2 = 273.0            // temperature in state 2 in degree celcius obtained from table A-4\n",
"u2 = 2767.8           // specific internal energy in state 2 in KJ/Kg obtained from table A-4\n",
"// Calculations\n",
"m = V/v               // mass of the system in kg\n",
"DeltaU = m*(u2-u1)    // change in internal energy in KJ\n",
"W = - DeltaU          // from energy balance\n",
"// Results\n",
"printf( ' The temperature at the final state in is %.2f degree celcius.',T2)\n",
"printf( ' The work during the process is %f KJ.',W);"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.4: Example.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Given:-\n",
"// State \n",
"P1 = 10*(10**5)                        // initial pressure in pascal\n",
"T1 = 400.0                             // initial temperature in degree celcius\n",
"v1 = 0.3066                            // specific volume in state 1 in m3/kg obtained from table A-4\n",
"u1 = 2957.3                            // specific internal energy in state 1 in KJ/Kg obtained from table A-4\n",
"// State 2\n",
"v2 = 0.1944                            // specific volume in state 2 in m3/kg obtained from table A-3\n",
"w2to3 = 0                              // work in process 2-3\n",
"// State 3 \n",
"v3 = v2\n",
"vf3 = 1.0905*(10**(-3))                // specific volume of fluid in state 3 from table A-2\n",
"vg3 = 0.3928                           // specific volume of gas in state 3 from table A-2\n",
"uf3 = 631.68                           // specific internal energy for fluid in state 3 from table A-2\n",
"ug3 = 2559.5                           // specific internal energy for gas in state 3 from table A-2\n",
"// Calculations\n",
"w1to2 = (P1*(v2-v1))/1000              // work in KJ/Kg in process 1-2\n",
"W = w1to2 + w2to3                      // net work in KJ/kg\n",
"x3 = (v3-vf3)/(vg3-vf3)\n",
"u3 = uf3+x3*(ug3-uf3)                  // specific internal energy in state 3 in Kj/Kg\n",
"q = (u3-u1) + W                        // heat transfer in Kj/Kg\n",
"// Results\n",
"printf( ' The work done in the overall process is %f KJ/kg.',W);\n",
"printf( ' The heat transfer in the overall process is %f KJ/kg.',q);"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.6: Example.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Given:-\n",
"// State 1\n",
"p1 = 20.0                      // initial pressure in MPa\n",
"T1 = 520.0                     // initial temperature in degree celcius\n",
"Z1 = 0.83                      // compressibility factor\n",
"R = 8.314                      // universal gas constant in SI unit\n",
"n = 1000.0/18.02               // number of moles in a kg of water\n",
"// State 2\n",
"T2 = 400.0                     // final temperature in degree celcius\n",
"// From table A-1\n",
"Tc = 647.3                     // critical temperature in kelvin\n",
"pc = 22.09                     // critical pressure in MPa\n",
"// Calculations\n",
"Tr = (T1+273)/Tc               // reduced temperature\n",
"Pr = p1/pc                     // reduced pressure \n",
"v1 = (Z1*n*R*(T1+273))/(p1*(10**6))\n",
"vr = v1*(pc*(10**6))/(n*R*Tc)\n",
"Tr2 = (T2+273)/Tc\n",
"PR = 0.69                       // at above vr and Tr2\n",
"P2 = pc*PR\n",
"// Results \n",
"printf( ' The specific volume in state1 is %f m3/kg and the corresponding value obtained from table A-4 is .01551 m^3/Kg',v1)\n",
"printf( ' The pressure in MPa in the final state is %f MPa and the corresponding value from the table is 15.16Mpa',P2);"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.7: Example.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Given:-\n",
"T1 = 300.00                                 //temperature in state 1 in kelvin\n",
"P1 = 1.00                                   //pressure in state 1 in bar\n",
"P2 = 2.00                                   //pressure in state 2 in bar\n",
"R = 287.00                                  //gas constant of air in SI units\n",
"// Calculations\n",
"v1 = (R*T1)/(P1*10**5)                    //specific volume in state 1\n",
"P = linspace(1,2,50)\n",
"for i = 1:50\n",
"    v(i) = v1\n",
"end\n",
" \n",
"T2 = (P2*10**5*v1)/R\n",
"v3 = (R*T2)/(P1*10**5)\n",
"vv = linspace(v1,v3,50)\n",
"for i = 1:50\n",
"    Pa(i) = P1\n",
"end\n",
"//function[out]= f(inp)\n",
"//out = (R*T2)/(inp\n",
"VV = linspace(v1,v3,50)\n",
"for j = 1:50\n",
"    pp(j) = (R*T2)/VV(j)/(10**5)\n",
"end\n",
"vcommon = cat(1,v,VV')\n",
"pcommon = [P  pp']\n",
"size(vcommon)\n",
"size(pcommon)\n",
"//subplot(211)\n",
"plot(vcommon,pcommon)\n",
"xlabel('v')\n",
"ylabel('p(bar)')\n",
"//subplot(212)\n",
"plot(vv,Pa)\n",
"xlabel('v')\n",
"ylabel('p(bar)')\n",
"//The two steps are shown in one graph and the other on is shown in the other graph'''\n",
"printf( 'The temperature in kelvin in state 2 is T2 = %f',T2)\n",
"printf( 'The specific volume in state 3 in m^3/kg is  v = %f',v3)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.8: Example.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Given:-\n",
"// State 1\n",
"m = 0.9                               // mass of air in kg\n",
"T1 = 300.0                            // initial temperature in kelvin\n",
"P1 = 1.0                              // initial pressure in bar\n",
"// State 2\n",
"T2 = 470.0                            // final temperature in kelvin\n",
"P2 = 6.0                              // final pressure in bar\n",
"Q = -20.0                             // heat transfer in kj\n",
"// From table A-22 \n",
"u1 = 214.07                           // in KJ/kg\n",
"u2 = 337.32                           // in KJ/Kg\n",
"// Calculations\n",
"deltaU = m*(u2-u1)                    // change in internal energy in kj\n",
"W = Q - deltaU                        // in KJ/kg\n",
"// Results\n",
"printf( ' The work during the process is %f KJ.',W);"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.9: Example.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Given:-\n",
"// State 1\n",
"m1 = 2.0                          // initial mass of gas in tank 1 in kg\n",
"T1 = 350.0                        // initial temperature in kelvin in tank1\n",
"p1 = 0.7                          // initial pressure in bar in tank 1\n",
"// State 2\n",
"m2 = 8.0                          // initial mass of gas in tank 2 in kg\n",
"T2 = 300.0                        // initial temperature in kelvin in tank 2\n",
"p2 = 1.2                          // initial pressure in bar in tank 2\n",
"Tf = 315.0                        // final equilibrium temperature in kelvin\n",
"// From table A-20\n",
"Cv = 0.745                        // in KJ/Kg.k\n",
"// Calculations\n",
"pf = ((m1+m2)*Tf)/((m1*T1/p1)+(m2*T2/p2)) \n",
"Ui = (m1*Cv*T1)+(m2*Cv*T2)\n",
"Uf = (m1+m2)*Cv*Tf\n",
"deltaU = Uf-Ui\n",
"Q = deltaU\n",
"// Results\n",
"printf( ' The final equilibrium pressure is %f bar.',pf);\n",
"printf( ' The heat transfer for the process is %f KJ.',Q);"
   ]
   }
],
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		   "help_links": [
			{
			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
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