{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 6: Orifices"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.10: Meeting_point_of_two_jets.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.10\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"H1=4-1;//meter\n",
"H2=4;//meter\n",
"Cv1=0.9;//Coefficient of velocity\n",
"Cv2=0.9;//Coefficient of velocity\n",
"//Cv1=Cv2 & x1=x2 at meeting point\n",
"//x1/sqrt(4*H1*y1)=x2/sqrt(4*H2*y2)\n",
"y1BYy2=H2/H1;\n",
"//y1=1+y2;\n",
"y2=1/(y1BYy2-1);//meter\n",
"y1=y1BYy2*y2;//meter\n",
"x1=Cv1*sqrt(4*H1*y1);//meter\n",
"disp(y1,x1,'Meeting point horizontal & vertical co-ordinates are(x1 & y1 in meter) : ');\n",
"//Answer in the book are not accurate."
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.11: Discharge_through_the_orifice.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.11\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',8);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"Cd=0.6;//Coefficient of discharge\n",
"B=1.3;//meter\n",
"H1=6-(1.8+1.5);//meter\n",
"H2=6-1.5;//meter\n",
"Q=2/3*Cd*B*sqrt(2*g)*(H2^(3/2)-H1^(3/2));//m^3/sec\n",
"disp(Q,'Discharge through the orifice in m^3/sec : ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.12: Discharge_through_orifice.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.12\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',7);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"Cd=0.62;//Coefficient of discharge\n",
"B=2;//meter\n",
"H1=3;//meter\n",
"H2=3+1.5;//meter\n",
"Q=2/3*Cd*B*sqrt(2*g)*(H2^(3/2)-H1^(3/2));//m^3/sec or cumec\n",
"disp(Q,'Discharge through the orifice in cumec : ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.13: Calculate_percentage_error.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.13\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',7);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"Cd=0.6;//Coefficient of discharge\n",
"B=1.6;//meter\n",
"H1=1500/1000;//meter\n",
"H2=(1500+1250)/1000;//meter\n",
"Q=2/3*Cd*B*sqrt(2*g)*(H2^(3/2)-H1^(3/2));//m^3/sec or cumec\n",
"disp(Q,'Discharge through the opening in cumec : ');\n",
"//For small opening\n",
"H=1.5+1.25/2;//meter\n",
"D=1.25;//meter\n",
"Qdash=Cd*(B*D)*sqrt(2*g*H);//cumec\n",
"Error=(Qdash-Q)/Q*100;//%\n",
"disp(Error,'% of error : ');\n",
"//Answer is wrong in the book."
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.14: Discharge_through_orifice.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.14\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"Cd=0.6;//Coefficient of discharge\n",
"B=1600/1000;//meter\n",
"D=1250/1000;//meter\n",
"ao=1.6*1.25;//m^2\n",
"H1=2+1.25/2;//meter\n",
"H2=0.8+1.25/2;//meter\n",
"H=H1-H2;//meter\n",
"Q=Cd*ao*sqrt(2*g*H);//m^3/sec or Cumec\n",
"disp(Q,'Discharge in Cumec : ');\n",
"//Answer is wrong in the book."
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.15: Discharge_through_orifice.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.15\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"Cd=0.6;//Coefficient of discharge\n",
"B=1600/1000;//meter\n",
"D=1250/1000;//meter\n",
"ao=1.6*1.25;//m^2\n",
"H1=2+1.25;//meter\n",
"H2=2;//meter\n",
"H=H1-0.8;//meter\n",
"Q=2/3*Cd*B*sqrt(2*g)*(H^(3/2)-H2^(3/2))+Cd*B*(H1-H)*sqrt(2*g*H);//m^3/sec or Cumec\n",
"disp(Q,'Discharge through the orifice in Cumec : ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.16: Find_time_taken.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.16\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"d=4;//meter\n",
"d0=0.5;//meter\n",
"H1=5;//meter\n",
"H2=2;//meter\n",
"Cd=0.6;//Coefficient of discharge\n",
"ao=%pi/4*d0^2;//m^2\n",
"A=%pi/4*d^2;//m^2\n",
"t=2*A/Cd/ao/sqrt(2*g)*(sqrt(H1)-sqrt(H2))\n",
"disp(t,'Time taken to fall from 5m to 2m(in seconds) : ');\n",
"//For emptying H2=0;\n",
"H2=0;//meter\n",
"t=2*A/Cd/ao/sqrt(2*g)*(sqrt(H1)-sqrt(H2))\n",
"disp(t,'Time taken for completely emptying(in seconds) : ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.17: Time_of_emptying_the_tank.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.17\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"d=1.2;//meter\n",
"do=50/1000;//meter\n",
"H=3;//meter\n",
"Cd=0.6;//Coefficient of discharge\n",
"ao=%pi/4*do^2;//m^2\n",
"A=%pi/4*d^2;//m^2\n",
"t=2*A*sqrt(H)/Cd/ao/sqrt(2*g);//sec\n",
"disp('Time taken for emptying the tank is '+string(floor(t/60))+' minute '+string((t/60-floor(t/60))*60)+' seconds.');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.18: Time_required_to_bring_down_the_level.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.18\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',4);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"A=3.2;//m^2\n",
"a=10*10^-4;//m^2\n",
"H1=5;//meter\n",
"H2=2.5;//meter\n",
"Cd=0.6;//Coefficient of discharge\n",
"t=2*A*(sqrt(H1)-sqrt(H2))/Cd/a/sqrt(2*g);//sec\n",
"disp('Time taken is '+string(floor(t/60))+' minute '+string((t/60-floor(t/60))*60)+' seconds.');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.19: Time_required_to_empty_the_tank.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.19\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',4);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"A=3.2;//m^2\n",
"a=10*10^-4;//m^2\n",
"H=5;//meter\n",
"Cd=0.6;//Coefficient of discharge\n",
"t=2*A*sqrt(H)/Cd/a/sqrt(2*g);//sec\n",
"disp('Time taken is '+string(floor(t/3600))+' hour '+string(floor((t/3600-floor(t/3600))*60))+' minute '+string(((t/3600-floor(t/3600))*60-floor((t/3600-floor(t/3600))*60))*60)+' seconds.');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.1: Calculate_Coefficients.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.1\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"Do=25;//mm\n",
"Dc=20;//mm\n",
"H=85;//mm\n",
"x=335;//mm\n",
"y=350;//mm\n",
"a=%pi/4*Do^2;//m^2\n",
"ac=%pi/4*Dc^2;//m^2\n",
"Cc=ac/a;\n",
"disp(Cc,'Coefficient of contraction : ');\n",
"Cv=sqrt(x^2/4/H/y);\n",
"disp(Cv,'Coefficient of velocity : ');\n",
"Cd=Cc*Cv;\n",
"disp(Cd,'Coefficient of discharge : ');\n",
"Cr=(1/Cv^2-1);\n",
"disp(Cr,'Coefficient of resistance : ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.2: Calculate_various_Coefficients.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.2\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"Do=0.125;//m\n",
"H=10.5;//mm\n",
"Q=6500;//litres/minute\n",
"Q=Q/60/1000;//cumec\n",
"x=6;//m\n",
"y=1;//m\n",
"g=9.81;//gravity constant\n",
"a=%pi/4*Do^2;//m^2\n",
"Qth=a*sqrt(2*g*H);//cumec\n",
"Cd=Q/Qth;//\n",
"disp(Cd,'Coefficient of discharge : ');\n",
"Cv=sqrt(x^2/4/H/y);\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"disp(Cv,'Coefficient of velocity : ');\n",
"Cc=Cd/Cv;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"disp(Cc,'Coefficient of contraction : ');\n",
"Cr=(1/Cv^2-1);\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"disp(Cr,'Coefficient of resistance : ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.3: Coefficient_of_velocity.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.3\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"h=102;//mm\n",
"H=105;//mm\n",
"Cv=sqrt(2*g*h)/sqrt(2*g*H);\n",
"disp(Cv,'Coefficient of velocity : ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.4: Coefficient_of_velocity.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.4\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"Q=180/62;//litres/sec\n",
"Q=Q/1000;//cumec\n",
"Dc=25/1000;//m\n",
"H=1.9;//m\n",
"ac=%pi/4*Dc^2;//m^2\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"Cv=Q/sqrt(2*g*H)/ac;\n",
"disp(Cv,'Coefficient of velocity : ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.5: Various_hydraulic_coefficients.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.5\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"d=30/1000;//meter\n",
"wl=2;//kgm\n",
"w1=148.6/60;//kg/sec\n",
"y=1.65;//meter\n",
"H=1.3;//meter\n",
"Cv=wl/w1/y*sqrt(g)/sqrt(2*H);\n",
"disp(Cv,'Coefficient of velocity : ');\n",
"Q=w1/1000;//Cumec\n",
"a=%pi/4*d^2;//meter^2\n",
"Qth=a*sqrt(2*g*H);//Cumec\n",
"Cd=Q/Qth;//coeff. of discharge\n",
"disp(Cd,'Coefficient of discharge : ');\n",
"Cc=Cd/Cv;//coeff. of contraction\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"disp(Cc,'Coefficient of contraction : ');\n",
"//Answer in the book are not accurate."
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.6: Various_hydraulic_coefficients.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.6\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',7);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"a=9*10^-4;//m^2\n",
"H=3;//meter\n",
"x=2.5;//meter\n",
"y=54/100;//meter\n",
"Qactual=250*10^-3/60;//Cumec\n",
"Qth=a*sqrt(2*g*H);//Cumec\n",
"Cd=Qactual/Qth;//coeff. of discharge\n",
"disp(Cd,'Coefficient of discharge : ');\n",
"Cv=sqrt(x^2)/sqrt(4*H*y);//velocity\n",
"disp(Cv,'Coefficient of velocity : ');\n",
"Cc=Cd/Cv;//coeff. of contraction\n",
"disp(Cc,'Coefficient of contraction : ');\n",
"//Answer in the book are not accurate."
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.7: Coefficient_of_discharge.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.7\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"d=20/1000;//meter\n",
"a=%pi/4*d^2;//m^2\n",
"H=1;//meter\n",
"Qactual=0.85*10^-3;//m^3/sec\n",
"v=sqrt(2*g*H);//m/sec\n",
"Qth=a*v;//Cumec\n",
"Cd=Qactual/Qth;//coeff. of discharge\n",
"disp(Cd,'Coefficient of discharge : ');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.8: Coefficients_of_orifice.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.8\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"d=1.5;//meter\n",
"h=1;//meter\n",
"Volume=%pi/4*d^2*h;//m^3\n",
"time=25;//sec\n",
"Qactual=Volume/time;//Cumec\n",
"H=10;//meter\n",
"do=10/100;//meter\n",
"x=4.3;//meter\n",
"y=0.5;//meter\n",
"ao=%pi/4*do^2;//m^2\n",
"Qth=ao*sqrt(2*g*H);//cumec\n",
"Cd=Qactual/Qth;//Coeff. ofdischarge\n",
"disp(Cd,'Coefficient of discharge : ');\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"Cv=sqrt(x^2)/sqrt(4*H*y);//Coefficient of velocity\n",
"disp(Cv,'Coefficient of velocity : ');\n",
"Cc=Cd/Cv;//coeff. of contraction\n",
"disp(Cc,'Coefficient of contraction : ');\n",
"Cr_dash=(1/Cv^2-1);//coeff. of resistance\n",
"disp(Cr_dash,'Coefficient. of Resistance');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.9: Various_hydraulic_coefficients.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Example 6.9\n",
"clc;\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//Given data :\n",
"g=9.81;//constant\n",
"do=2.5/100;//meter\n",
"H=75/100;//meter\n",
"x=30/100;//meter\n",
"y=3.2/100;//meter\n",
"Qactual=1.186*10^-3;//Cumec\n",
"ao=%pi/4*do^2;//m^2\n",
"Qth=ao*sqrt(2*g*H);//cumec\n",
"Cd=Qactual/Qth;//Coeff. ofdischarge\n",
"disp(Cd,'Coefficient of discharge : ');\n",
"Cv=sqrt(x^2)/sqrt(4*H*y);//Coefficient of velocity\n",
"format('v',7);\n",
"disp(Cv,'Coefficient of velocity : ');\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"Cc=Cd/Cv;//coeff. of contraction\n",
"disp(Cc,'Coefficient of contraction : ');\n",
"Cr_dash=(1/Cv^2-1);//coeff. of resistance\n",
"disp(Cr_dash,'Coefficient. of Resistance');\n",
"//Answers in the book are not accurate."
   ]
   }
],
"metadata": {
		  "kernelspec": {
		   "display_name": "Scilab",
		   "language": "scilab",
		   "name": "scilab"
		  },
		  "language_info": {
		   "file_extension": ".sce",
		   "help_links": [
			{
			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
			}
		   ],
		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
		   "name": "scilab",
		   "version": "0.7.1"
		  }
		 },
		 "nbformat": 4,
		 "nbformat_minor": 0
}