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	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 4: First law of thermodynamics"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.1: Calculation_of_change_in_internal_energy_of_gas.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
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	   "outputs": [],
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"V1 = 0.3; // Initial volume in m3\n",
"V2 = 0.15; // Final volume in m3\n",
"P = 0.105e06; // Pressure in Pa\n",
"Q = -37.6e03; // Heat tranferred in J\n",
"W = P*(V2-V1); // Work done\n",
"U = Q-W; // Internal energy change\n",
"disp('Joule',U,'Change in the internal energy of the system is')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.2: Calculations_on_PV_cycle.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"Qacb = 84e03;\n",
"Wacb = 32e03;\n",
"Uba = Qacb-Wacb; // Ub-Ua\n",
"// Part (a)\n",
"Wadb = 10.5e03; \n",
"Qadb = Uba+Wadb; \n",
"disp('J',Qadb,'The heat flow into the system along the path adb');\n",
"// Part (b)\n",
"Wb_a = -21e03;\n",
"Uab = - Uba;\n",
"Qb_a = Uab+Wb_a;\n",
"disp('J',Qb_a,'The heat liberated along the path b-a is')\n",
"// Part (c)\n",
"Wdb = 0; // Constant volume\n",
"Wad = 10.4e03; \n",
"Wadb = Wdb-Wad; \n",
"Ud = 42e03;\n",
"Ua = 0;\n",
"Qad = Ud-Ua+Wad;\n",
"Qdb = Qadb-Qad; \n",
"disp('J',Qdb,'and',Qad,'The heat absorbed in the path ad and db are')  "
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.3: Calculation_of_net_rate_of_work_output_in_a_piston_and_cylinder_machine.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Process a-b\n",
"Qab = 0;\n",
"Wab = 2170; // in KJ/min\n",
"Eab = Qab-Wab; \n",
"// Process b-c\n",
"Qbc = 21000;\n",
"Wbc = 0; \n",
"Ebc = Qbc-Wbc;\n",
"// Process c-d\n",
"Qcd = -2100;\n",
"Ecd = -36600; \n",
"Wcd = Qcd-Ecd;\n",
"// Process d-a\n",
"Q = -17000; // Total heat transfer\n",
"Qda = Q-Qab-Qbc-Qcd; \n",
"Eda = -Eab-Ebc-Ecd;\n",
"Wda = Qda-Eda;\n",
"M = [Qab Wab Eab ; Qbc Wbc Ebc; Qcd Wcd Ecd; Qda Wda Eda];\n",
"disp(M,'The completed table is')\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.4: Thermodynamics_calculations_of_a_substance_with_given_internal_energy_function.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Part (a)\n",
"m = 3;\n",
"V1 = 0.22;\n",
"P1 = 500e03;\n",
"P2 = 100e03;\n",
"V2 = V1*(P1/P2)^(1/1.2);\n",
"dU = 3.56*(P2*V2-P1*V1);\n",
"gama = 1.2;\n",
"W = (P2*V2-P1*V1)/(1-gama);\n",
"Q = dU+W;\n",
"disp('J respectively',dU,W,Q,'Q,W and dU of the quasi static process are')\n",
"// Part (b)\n",
"Qb = 30e03;\n",
"Wb = Qb-dU; \n",
"disp('Joule',Wb,'Work transfer for the process is')\n",
"// Part (c)\n",
"disp('Wb is not equal to integral(p*dv) since the process is not quasi static')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.5: Thermodynamics_calculations_of_a_cylinder_with_given_internal_energy_function.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"V1 = 0.03;\n",
"P1 = 170e03;\n",
"P2 = 400e03;\n",
"V2 = 0.06;\n",
"U = 3.15*(P2*V2-P1*V1);\n",
"B = [P1 P2]';\n",
"A = [1 V1; 1 V2];\n",
"x = inv(A)*B;\n",
"a = x(1); b = x(2);\n",
"function P = pressure(V) \n",
"  P = a+b*V;\n",
"endfunction;\n",
"W = intg(V1,V2,pressure); \n",
"Q = U+W;\n",
"disp('J',W,'The work done by the system is')\n",
"disp('J',U,'The internal energy change of the system is')\n",
"disp('J',Q,'The heat flow into the system is')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.6: Calculation_on_PV_cycle_of_a_stationary_fluid_system.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"// Process 1-2\n",
"Q12 = 235; // in KJ/Kg\n",
"W12 = 0 ;\n",
"U12 = Q12-W12;\n",
"// Process 2-3\n",
"Q23 = 0; \n",
"U23 = -70 ;\n",
"W23 = Q23-U23;\n",
"// Process 3-1\n",
"Q31 = - 200; \n",
"U31 = -U12-U23;\n",
"W31 = Q31-U31;\n",
"//\n",
"W = W12 + W23 + W31;\n",
"Q = Q12 + Q23 + Q31;\n",
"disp('KJ/Kg',Q,'Heat trasfer in the cycle is')\n",
"disp('KJ/Kg',W,'Work done during the the cycle is')"
   ]
   }
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