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	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 11: signal generators"
	   ]
	},
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		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 11.1: maximum_and_minimum_output_frequencies.sce"
		   ]
		  },
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"// to calculate the maximum and minimmum output frequencies of oscillator in fig 11-1\n",
"// example 11-1 in page 317\n",
"clc;\n",
"// Data Given\n",
"R=[5e+3 500];// resistance R2 and R1 all in ohm\n",
"C1=300D-9; C2=C1;// Capacitance=300 nF\n",
"// calculation\n",
"f=['f(min)' 'f(max)'];\n",
"for n=1:2\n",
"    printf('%s=%d Hz\n',f(n),1/(2*%pi*C1*R(n)));// frequency in hertz\n",
"end\n",
"//result\n",
"//f(min)=106 Hz\n",
"//f(max)=1061 Hz"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 11.2: find_the_resistor_values.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
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"//to find the resistor values in fig 11-3\n",
"// example 11-2 in page 319\n",
"clc;\n",
"//data given\n",
"Vi=5; //input sine wave voltage in volt\n",
"VR3=[0.1 1];// range of voltage across resistor R3 in volt\n",
"IB=500D-9;// input current to the op-amp in ampere\n",
"//calculation\n",
"V=Vi-VR3(1);// with R1 and R2 in the circuit, V=VR1+VR2 in volt\n",
"I3=100D-6;// as I3>>IB, select I3=100  micro ampere\n",
"R3=VR3(1)/I3;// resistance in ohm\n",
"R=V/I3;//R=R1+R2 in ohm\n",
"//with R2 switched off the circuit\n",
"I3=VR3(2)/R3;// current in ampere\n",
"VR1=Vi-VR3(2);// voltage in volt\n",
"R1=VR1/I3;// here I3=I1, resistance in ohm\n",
"R2=R-R1;// resistance in ohm\n",
"printf('R1=%d K-ohm\nR2=%d K-ohm\nR3=%d K-ohm',R1/1000,R2/1000,R3/1000);\n",
"//result\n",
"//R1=4 K-ohm\n",
"//R2=45 K-ohm\n",
"//R3=1 K-ohm "
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 11.3: find_the_output_frequency.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
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"source": [
"// to find the output frequency of the circuit 11-8\n",
"// example 11-3 in page 326\n",
"clc;\n",
"// Data given\n",
"Vcc=15;// supply voltage=15 V\n",
"C1=0.1D-6;// capacitance in farad\n",
"R1=1e+3; R2=10e+3;// resistances in ohm\n",
"utp=3; ltp=-3;// upper and lower trigger points in volt \n",
"//calculation\n",
"a=['For contact at top of R1' 'For R1 contact at 10% from bottom'];\n",
"V3=Vcc-1;// voltage in volt\n",
"dV=utp-ltp;//change in voltage in volt\n",
"V1=[V3 10*V3/100];// V1 when R1 is at the top and 10% from the bottom of R1 in volt\n",
"for n=1:2\n",
"    I2=V1(n)/R2;// current in ampere\n",
"    t=C1*dV/I2;// time in seconds\n",
"    f=1/(2*t);// frequency in hertz\n",
"    printf('%s,\nfrequency=%.2f Hz\n\n',a(n),f);\n",
"end\n",
"//result\n",
"//For contact at top of R1,\n",
"//frequency=1166.67 Hz\n",
"//For R1 contact at 10% from bottom,\n",
"//frequency=116.67 Hz"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 11.4: output_square_wave_frequency.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
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"source": [
"// to find the out put square wave frequency in 11-14\n",
"// example 11-4 in page 332\n",
"clc;\n",
"//Data given\n",
"Vcc=12;//supply voltage (+/-)12 V\n",
"R=10^3*[20 6.2 5.6];//resistance R1, R2 and R3 all in ohm\n",
"C1=0.2D-6;// capacitance=0.2 micro farad\n",
"// calculation\n",
"Vo=Vcc-1;// out put voltage = (+/-)(Vcc-1) in volt\n",
"utp=Vo*R(3)/(R(2)+R(3));// upper trigger point in volt\n",
"ltp=-utp;// lower trigger point in volt\n",
"t=C1*R(1)*log((Vo-ltp)/(Vo-utp));// time in seconds\n",
"printf('out put frequency=%d Hz',1/(2*t));\n",
"//result\n",
"//out put frequency=121 Hz"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 11.5: output_pulse_width_and_the_capacitance.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
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"source": [
"// to find the output pulse width and capacitance for the given pulse width in figure 11-15\n",
"// example 11-5 in page 334\n",
"clc;\n",
"//data given\n",
"Vcc=10;//supply voltage in Volt\n",
"Vee=10;// supply voltage in volt\n",
"VB=1;// base voltage in volt\n",
"R=1e+3*[22 10];//resistances R1 in ohm and R2 in ohm\n",
"C=[100D-12 0.01D-6];//capacitance C1 in farad and C2 in farad\n",
"//calculation\n",
"Vop=Vcc-1;// positive output voltage in volt\n",
"Von=-(Vee-1);// negative output voltage in volt\n",
"PW=C(2)*R(2)*log((Vop-Von)/VB);//pulse width in seconds\n",
"printf('PULSE WIDTH=%d micro-sec\n',PW*10^6);\n",
"PW=6e-3;//to calculate C2 for PW=6 ms\n",
"C2=PW/(R(2)*log((Vop-Von)/VB));// capacitance in farad\n",
"printf('For pulse width of 6 ms,\nC2=%.1f micro-F',C2*10^6);\n",
"//result\n",
"//PULSE WIDTH=289 micro-sec\n",
"//For pulse width of 6 ms,\n",
"//C2=0.2 micro-F "
   ]
   }
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