{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 2: Semiconductor Diodes"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.11: example_11.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 108 example 11\n",
"clear\n",
"r=250;//ohm\n",
"c=40*10^-6;//farad\n",
"alpha1=180-atand(377*r*c);\n",
"disp('alpha   =   '+string(alpha1)+'degre');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.12: example_12.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 109 example 12\n",
"clear\n",
"i1=0.1;//current in ampere\n",
"vms=40;//rms voltage in volts\n",
"c=40*10^-6;//capacitance in farad\n",
"r1=50;//resistance in ohms\n",
"ripple=0.0001;\n",
"induct=((1.76/c)*sqrt(0.472/ripple));//inductance\n",
"outv=(2*sqrt(2)*vms)/3.14-i1*r1;//output voltage\n",
"disp('inductance   =   '+string(induct)+'henry');//correction in the book\n",
"disp('output voltage   =   '+string(outv)+'volt');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.14: example_14.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 109 example 14\n",
"clear\n",
"voltag=40;//volt\n",
"i1=0.2;//ampere\n",
"c1=40*10^-6;//farad\n",
"c2=c1;\n",
"induct=2;//henry\n",
"//(1) ripple\n",
"vdc=2*sqrt(2)*voltag/3.14;\n",
"r1=vdc/i1;\n",
"induc1=r1/1130;\n",
"v1=voltag/(3*3.14^3*120^2*4*induct*c1);\n",
"disp('ripple voltage   =   '+string((v1))+'volt');\n",
"//(2) with two filter\n",
"v1=4*voltag/((3*3.14^5)*(16*120^2*induct^2*c1^2));\n",
"disp('ripple voltage including filters   =   '+string((v1))+'volt');//correction in the book\n",
"//(3)ripple voltage\n",
"v1=4*voltag/(5*3.14*1.414*2*3.14*240*240*3.14*induct*c1);\n",
"v1=v1/20;\n",
"disp('ripple voltage   =   '+string((v1))+'volt');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.15: example_15.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 111 example 15\n",
"clear\n",
"voltag=375;//volt\n",
"r1=2000;//ohm\n",
"induct=20;//henry\n",
"c1=16*10^-6;//farad\n",
"r11=100;//ohm\n",
"r=200;//ohm\n",
"//(1) voltage and ripple with load\n",
"disp('voltage and ripple with load');\n",
"r=r+r11+400;\n",
"vdc=((2*sqrt(2)*voltag/3.14))/1.35;\n",
"ripple=r1/(3*sqrt(2)*(377)*induct*2);\n",
"disp('vdc   =   '+string((vdc))+'volt');\n",
"disp('ripple   =   '+string((ripple)));\n",
"//(2) capacitance connected across load\n",
"disp('capacitance connected across load');\n",
"vdc=sqrt(2)*voltag/(1+1/(4*(60)*r1*2*c1));\n",
"ripple=1/(4*sqrt(3)*(60)*r1*2*c1);\n",
"disp('vdc   =   '+string((vdc))+'volt');\n",
"disp('ripple   =   '+string((ripple)));\n",
"//(3) filter containing two inductors and capacitors in parallel\n",
"disp('filter containing two inductors and capacitors in parallel');\n",
"vdc=250;//volt\n",
"ripple=0.83*10^-6/(2*induct*2*c1);//correction in the book\n",
"disp('vdc   =   '+string((vdc))+'volt');\n",
"disp('ripple   =   '+string((ripple)));\n",
"//(4) two filter\n",
"disp('two filter');\n",
"vdc=250;\n",
"ripple=sqrt(2)/(3*16*3.14^2*60^2*induct*c1)^2;//correction in the book\n",
"disp('vdc   =   '+string((vdc))+'volt');\n",
"disp('ripple   =   '+string((ripple)));\n",
"vdc=sqrt(2)*voltag/(1+(4170/(r1*16))+(r/r1));\n",
"ripple=3300/(16^2*2*20*r1);\n",
"disp('vdc   =   '+string((vdc))+'volt');\n",
"disp('ripple   =   '+string((ripple)));"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.16: example_16.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 112 example 16\n",
"clear\n",
"capaci=4;//farad\n",
"induct=20;//henry\n",
"i1=50*10^-3;//ampere\n",
"resist=200;//ohm\n",
"maxvol=300*sqrt(2);\n",
"vdc=maxvol-((4170/capaci)*(i1))-(i1*resist);\n",
"ripple=(3300*i1)/((capaci^2)*(induct)*353);\n",
"disp('output voltage   =   '+string((vdc))+'volt');\n",
"disp('ripple voltage   =   '+string((ripple)));"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.17: example_17.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 113 example 17\n",
"clear\n",
"voltag=25;//volt\n",
"c1=10*10^-6;//farad\n",
"i1=100*10^-3;//ampere\n",
"ripple=0.001;\n",
"w=754;//radians\n",
"//(1) inductance and resistance\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"r1=voltag/i1;\n",
"induct=40/(sqrt(2)*w^2*(c1));\n",
"disp('inductance of filter   =   '+string((induct))+'henry');//correction in the book\n",
"disp('resistance of filter   =   '+string((r1))+'ohm');\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.18: example_18.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 113 example 18\n",
"clear\n",
"resacu=0.1*10^-12;//ampere\n",
"u=20+273;//kelvin\n",
"voltaf=0.55;//volt\n",
"w=1.38*10^-23;\n",
"q=1.6*10^-19;\n",
"for z=1:2\n",
"    if z==2 then\n",
"        u=100+273;\n",
"        disp('current at 100celsius rise');\n",
"    end\n",
"    voltag=w*u/q;\n",
"    i1=(10^-13)*(exp((voltaf/voltag))-1);\n",
"    if z==2 then\n",
"        i1=(256*10^-13)*((exp(voltaf/voltag)-1));\n",
"    end\n",
"    disp('current   =   '+string((i1))+'ampere');\n",
"end\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.19: example_19.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 114 example 19\n",
"clear\n",
"na=10*22;//atoms per cubic metre\n",
"nd=1.2*10^21;//donor per cubic metre\n",
"voltag=1.38*10^-23*(273+298)/(1.6*10^-19);//correction in the book\n",
"voltag=0.026;\n",
"ni=1.5*10^16;\n",
"ni=ni^2;\n",
"v1=voltag*log((na*nd)/(ni));\n",
"disp('thermal voltage   =   '+string((voltag))+'volt');\n",
"disp('barrier voltage   =   '+string(abs(v1))+'volt');//correction in the book"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.1: example_1.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 99 example 1\n",
"clear\n",
"q=0.01;//centimetre\n",
"sigma1=1;//ohm centimetre inverse\n",
"q1=0.01;//centimetre\n",
"sigm11=0.01;//ohm centimetre inverse\n",
"iratio=(0.0224^2*2.11*20)*3.6^2/((3.11*(4.3^2*10^-6)^2*2.6*20*10^3));\n",
"for q=1:2\n",
"    if q==1 then\n",
"        un=3800;\n",
"        up=1500;\n",
"        q=1.6*10^-19;\n",
"        ni=2.5*10;\n",
"    else\n",
"        q=1.6*10^-19;\n",
"        up=500\n",
"        un=1300;\n",
"        ni=1.5*10\n",
"end\n",
"    \n",
"    b=un/up;\n",
"    sigmai=(un+up)*q*ni;\n",
"end\n",
"disp('ratio of reverse saturation current   =   '+string((iratio)));//correction in the book\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.20: example_20.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 114 example 20\n",
"clear\n",
"i1=2*10^-7;//ampere\n",
"voltag=0.026;//volt\n",
"i=i1*((exp(0.1/voltag)-1));\n",
"disp('current   =   '+string((i))+'ampere');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.21: example_21.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 115 example 21\n",
"clear\n",
"resacu=1*10^-6;//ampere\n",
"voltaf=150*10^-3;//volt\n",
"w=8.62*10^-5;\n",
"voltag=0.026;//volt\n",
"u=300;//kelvin\n",
"uw=u*w;\n",
"resist=(uw)/((resacu)*exp(voltaf/voltag));\n",
"disp('resistance at 150mvolt   =   '+string((resist))+'ohm');//correction in the book\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.22: example_22.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 115 example 22\n",
"clear\n",
"dopfac=1000;\n",
"w=300;//kelvin\n",
"q=0.026*log(dopfac);\n",
"disp('change in barrier   =   '+string((q))+'volt');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.23: example_23.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 116 example 23\n",
"clear\n",
"area12=1*10^-8;//metre square\n",
"volre1=-1;//reverse voltage\n",
"capac1=5*10^-12;//farad\n",
"volbu1=0.9;//volt\n",
"voltag=0.5;//volt\n",
"i1=10*10^-3;//ampere\n",
"durmin=1*10^-6;//ssecond\n",
"//(1) capacitance\n",
"capac1=capac1*sqrt((volre1-volbu1)/(voltag-volbu1));\n",
"disp('depletion capacitance   =   '+string((capac1))+'farad');\n",
"//(2) capacitance\n",
"capac1=i1*durmin/(0.026);\n",
"\n",
"disp('capacitance   =   '+string((capac1))+'farad');\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.24: example_24.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 116 example 24\n",
"quantg=4*10^22;//atoms per cubic centimetre\n",
"quants=5*10^22;//atoms per cubic centimetre\n",
"w=2.5*10^13;//per cubic centimetre\n",
"w1=1.5*10^10;//per cubic centimetre\n",
"for q=[quantg quants]\n",
"    na=2*q/(10^8);\n",
"    nd=500*na;\n",
"    if q==quantg then\n",
"        w=w;\n",
"        voltag=0.026*log(na*nd/w^2);\n",
"        disp('potential germanium   =   '+string((voltag))+'volt');\n",
"    end\n",
"    if q==quants then\n",
"        w=w1;\n",
"        voltag=0.026*log(na*nd/w^2);\n",
"        disp('potential silicon   =   '+string((voltag))+'volt');\n",
"    end\n",
"\n",
"end"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.25: example_25.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 117 example 25\n",
"clear\n",
"u=0.05;//metre square per velocity second correction in the book\n",
"un=0.13;//metre square per velocity second\n",
"condun=20;//second per metre conductivity of n region\n",
"condup=1000;//second per metre conductivity of p region\n",
"p=condup/(1.6*10^-19*u);\n",
"no=condun/(1.6*10^-19*un);\n",
"disp('electrons density   =   '+string((no))+'per cubic metre');\n",
"disp('holes density   =   '+string((p))+'per cubic metre');//others to find is not in the book\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.2: example_2.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 100 example 2\n",
"clear\n",
"sigma1=0.01;//ohm centimetre inverse\n",
"area11=4*10^-3;//metre square\n",
"q=0.01*10^-2;//metre\n",
"un=1300;\n",
"up=500;\n",
"ni=1.5*10^15;//per cubic centimetre\n",
"sigma1=(un+up)*1.6*10^-19*ni;\n",
"iratio=(4*10^-10*0.026*sigma1^2*2.6*2/10^-4)/3.6^2;\n",
"disp('reverse current ratio   =   '+string((iratio)));//correction in the book"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.3: example_3.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 100 example 3\n",
"clear\n",
"a=4*10^-4;//metre square\n",
"sigmap=1;\n",
"sigman=0.1;\n",
"de=0.15;\n",
"vtem=26*10^-3;\n",
"i=(a*vtem*((2.11)*(0.224))/((3.22)^(2)))*((1/de*sigman)+(1/de*sigmap));\n",
"disp('reverse saturation current   =   '+string(i)+'ampere');//correction in the book\n",
"\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.4: example_4.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 101 example 4\n",
"clear\n",
"w=0.9;\n",
"voltaf=0.05;//volt\n",
"revcur=10*10^-6;//ampere\n",
"//(1) voltage\n",
"volrev=0.026*(log((-w+1)));//voltage at which the reverse saturation current at saturate\n",
"resacu=((exp(voltaf/0.026)-1)/((exp(-voltaf/0.026)-1)));//reverse saturation current\n",
"disp('voltage at which the reverse saturation current at saturate   =   '+string((volrev))+'volt');\n",
"disp('reverse saturation current   =   '+string((resacu))+'ampere');\n",
"u=0.1;\n",
"for q=1:3\n",
"        reverc=revcur*(exp((u/0.026))-1)\n",
"        disp('reverse saturation current '+string((u))+'   =   '+string((reverc))+'ampere');\n",
"        u=u+0.1;\n",
"end\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.6: example_6.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 103 example 6\n",
"clear\n",
"a=1*10^-6;//metre square\n",
"w=2*10^-6;//thick centimetre\n",
"re=16;\n",
"eo=8.854*10^-12;\n",
"c=(eo*re*a)/w;\n",
"disp('capacitance   =   '+string(c)+'farad');\n",
"\n",
"\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.7: example_7.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 105 example 7\n",
"volbar=0.2;//barrier voltage for germanium volt\n",
"na=3*10^20;//atoms per metre\n",
"//(1) width of depletion layer at 10 and 0.1 volt\n",
"\n",
"for q=[-10 -0.1 0.1]\n",
"    w=2.42*10^-6*sqrt((0.2-(q)));\n",
"    disp('width of depletion layer at '+string((q))+'   =   '+string((w))+'metre');//for -0.1volt correction in the book\n",
"end\n",
"//(d) capacitance\n",
"for q=[-10 -0.1]\n",
"    capaci=0.05*10^-9/sqrt(0.2-q);\n",
"    disp('capacitance at '+string((q))+'   =   '+string((capaci))+'farad');\n",
"end\n",
""
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 2.8: example_8.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pagenumber 104 example 8\n",
"clear\n",
"p=2;//watts\n",
"voltaf=900*10^-3;//volt\n",
"i1=p/voltaf;\n",
"r1=voltaf/i1;\n",
"disp('maximum forward current   =   '+string(i1)+'ampere');\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"disp('forward diode resistance   =   '+string(r1)+'ohm');\n",
""
   ]
   }
],
"metadata": {
		  "kernelspec": {
		   "display_name": "Scilab",
		   "language": "scilab",
		   "name": "scilab"
		  },
		  "language_info": {
		   "file_extension": ".sce",
		   "help_links": [
			{
			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
			}
		   ],
		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
		   "name": "scilab",
		   "version": "0.7.1"
		  }
		 },
		 "nbformat": 4,
		 "nbformat_minor": 0
}