{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 6: Baseband Shaping for Data Transmission"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 06.01: Nonreturn_to_zero_bipolar_format.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Nonreturn-to-zero bipolar format\n",
"//Figure 6.1(c):Discrete PAM Signals Generation\n",
"// [3].BiPolar NRZ\n",
"//page 235\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"clc;\n",
"x = [0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1];\n",
"binary_negative = [-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1];\n",
"binary_zero = [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];\n",
"binary_positive = [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1];\n",
"L = length(x);\n",
"L1 = length(binary_negative);\n",
"total_duration = L*L1;\n",
"//plotting\n",
"a =gca();\n",
"a.data_bounds =[0 -2;L*L1 2];\n",
"for i =1:L\n",
"  if(x(i)==0)\n",
"    plot([i*L-L+1:i*L],binary_zero);\n",
"    poly1= a.children(1).children(1);\n",
"    poly1.thickness =3;\n",
"  elseif((x(i)==1)&(x(i-1)~=1))\n",
"    plot([i*L-L+1:i*L],binary_positive);\n",
"    poly1= a.children(1).children(1);\n",
"    poly1.thickness =3;\n",
"  else\n",
"    plot([i*L-L+1:i*L],binary_negative);\n",
"    poly1= a.children(1).children(1);\n",
"    poly1.thickness =3;\n",
"  end\n",
"end\n",
"xgrid(1)\n",
"title('BiPolar NRZ')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 06.1: Nonreturn_to_zero_polar_format.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Nonreturn-to-zero polar format\n",
"//Figure 6.1(b): Discrete PAM Signals Generation\n",
"// [2].Polar NRZ\n",
"//page 235\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"clc;\n",
"x = [0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1];\n",
"binary_negative = [-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1];\n",
"binary_positive = [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1];\n",
"L = length(x);\n",
"L1 = length(binary_negative);\n",
"total_duration = L*L1;\n",
"//plotting\n",
"a =gca();\n",
"a.data_bounds =[0 -2;L*L1 2];\n",
"for i =1:L\n",
"  if(x(i)==0)\n",
"    plot([i*L-L+1:i*L],binary_negative);\n",
"    poly1= a.children(1).children(1);\n",
"    poly1.thickness =3;\n",
"  else\n",
"    plot([i*L-L+1:i*L],binary_positive);\n",
"    poly1= a.children(1).children(1);\n",
"    poly1.thickness =3;\n",
"  end\n",
"end\n",
"xgrid(1)\n",
"title('Polar NRZ')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.01: Nonreturn_to_zero_unipolar_format.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Nonreturn-to-zero unipolar format\n",
"//Figure 6.1(a): Discrete PAM Signals Generation\n",
"//[1].Unipolar NRZ \n",
"//page 235 \n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"clc;\n",
"x = [0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1];\n",
"binary_zero = [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0];\n",
"binary_one = [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1];\n",
"L = length(x);\n",
"L1 = length(binary_zero);\n",
"total_duration = L*L;\n",
"//plotting\n",
"a =gca();\n",
"a.data_bounds =[0 -2;L*L1 2];\n",
"for i =1:L\n",
"  if(x(i)==0)\n",
"    plot([i*L-L+1:i*L],binary_zero);\n",
"    poly1= a.children(1).children(1);\n",
"    poly1.thickness =3;\n",
"  else\n",
"    plot([i*L-L+1:i*L],binary_one);\n",
"    poly1= a.children(1).children(1);\n",
"    poly1.thickness =3;\n",
"  end\n",
"end\n",
"xgrid(1)\n",
"title('Unipolar NRZ')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.15: Frequency_response_of_modified_duobinary_conversion_filter.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Frequency response of modified duobinary conversion filter\n",
"//Figure 6.15: Frequency Response of Modified duobinary conversion filter\n",
"//(a)Amplitude Response\n",
"//(b)Phase Response\n",
"//page 259\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"clc;\n",
"rb =  input('Enter the bit rate=');\n",
"Tb =1/rb;  //Bit duration\n",
"f = -rb/2:1/100:rb/2;\n",
"Amplitude_Response = abs(2*sin(2*%pi*f.*Tb));\n",
"Phase_Response = -(2*%pi*f.*Tb);\n",
"subplot(2,1,1)\n",
"a=gca();\n",
"a.x_location ='origin';\n",
"a.y_location ='origin';\n",
"plot2d(f,Amplitude_Response,2)\n",
"poly1= a.children(1).children(1);  \n",
"poly1.thickness = 2;  // the tickness of a curve.\n",
"xlabel('Frequency f---->')\n",
"ylabel('|H(f)| ----->')\n",
"title('Amplitude Repsonse of Modified Duobinary Singaling')\n",
"xgrid(1)\n",
"subplot(2,1,2)\n",
"a=gca();\n",
"a.x_location ='origin';\n",
"a.y_location ='origin';\n",
"plot2d(f,Phase_Response,5)\n",
"poly1= a.children(1).children(1);  \n",
"poly1.thickness = 2;  // the tickness of a curve.\n",
"xlabel('                                           Frequency f---->')\n",
"ylabel('                                            <H(f) ----->')\n",
"title('Phase Repsonse of Modified Duobinary Singaling')\n",
"xgrid(1)\n",
"//Result\n",
"//Enter the bit rate=8 "
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.1: Bandwidth_Requirements_of_the_T1_carrier.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Bandwidth Requirements of the T1 carrier\n",
"//Example6.1:Bandwidth Requirements of the T1 Carrier\n",
"//Page 251\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"Tb = input('Enter the bit duration of the TDM signal:')\n",
"Bo = 1/(2*Tb);//minimum transmission bandwidth of T1 system\n",
"//Transmission bandwidth for raised cosine spectrum 'B'\n",
"alpha = 1;//cosine roll-off factor\n",
"f1 = Bo*(1-alpha);\n",
"B = 2*Bo-f1;\n",
"disp(B,'Transmission bandwidth for raised cosine spectrum in Hz:')\n",
"//Result\n",
"//Enter the bit duration of the TDM signal:0.647*10^-6\n",
"//Transmission bandwidth for raised cosine spectrum in Hz:1545595.1  "
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.2: Frequency_response_of_modified_duobinary_conversion_filter.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Duobinary Encoding\n",
"//Example6.2: Precoded Duobinary coder and decoder\n",
"//Page 256\n",
"clc;\n",
"b = [0,0,1,0,1,1,0];//input binary sequence:precoder input\n",
"a(1) = xor(1,b(1));\n",
"if(a(1)==1)\n",
"  a_volts(1) = 1;\n",
"end\n",
"for k =2:length(b)\n",
"  a(k) = xor(a(k-1),b(k));\n",
"  if(a(k)==1)\n",
"    a_volts(k)=1;\n",
"  else\n",
"    a_volts(k)=-1;\n",
"  end\n",
"end\n",
"a = a';\n",
"a_volts = a_volts';\n",
"disp(a,'Precoder output in binary form:')\n",
"disp(a_volts,'Precoder output in volts:')\n",
"//Duobinary coder output in volts\n",
"c(1) = 1+ a_volts(1);\n",
"for k =2:length(a)\n",
"  c(k) =  a_volts(k-1)+a_volts(k);\n",
"end\n",
"c = c';\n",
"disp(c,'Duobinary coder output in volts:')\n",
"//Duobinary decoder output  by applying decision rule\n",
"for k =1:length(c)\n",
"  if(abs(c(k))>1)\n",
"    b_r(k) =  0;\n",
"  else\n",
"    b_r(k) = 1;\n",
"  end\n",
"end\n",
"b_r = b_r';\n",
"disp(b_r,'Recovered original sequence at detector oupupt:')\n",
"//Result\n",
"//Precoder output in binary form:   \n",
"// \n",
"//  1.    1.    0.    0.    1.    0.    0.  \n",
"// \n",
"// Precoder output in volts:   \n",
"// \n",
"//  1.    1.  - 1.  - 1.    1.  - 1.  - 1.  \n",
"// \n",
"// Duobinary coder output in volts:   \n",
"//\n",
"//  2.    2.    0.  - 2.    0.    0.  - 2.  \n",
"// \n",
"// Recovered original sequence at detector oupupt:   \n",
"// \n",
"//  0.    0.    1.    0.    1.    1.    0.  "
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.3: Generation_of_bipolar_output_for_duobinary_coder.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Generation of bipolar output for duobinary coder\n",
"//Example6.3:Operation of Circuit in figure 6.13\n",
"//for generating bipolar format\n",
"//page 256 and page 257\n",
"//Refer Table 6.4\n",
"clc;\n",
"x = [0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1];//input binary sequence:precoder input\n",
"y(1) = 1;\n",
"for k =2:length(x)+1\n",
"  y(k) = xor(x(k-1),y(k-1));\n",
"end\n",
"y_delay = y(1:$-1);\n",
"y = y';\n",
"y_delay = y_delay';\n",
"disp(y,'Modulo-2 adder output:')\n",
"disp(y_delay,'Delay element output:')\n",
"for k = 1:length(y_delay)\n",
"  z(k) = y(k+1)-y_delay(k);\n",
"end\n",
"z = z';\n",
"disp(z,'differential encoder bipolar output in volts:')\n",
"//Result\n",
"//Modulo-2 adder output:   \n",
"//    1.    1.    0.    1.    1.    0.    0.    0.    0.    1.    0. \n",
"// Delay element output:   \n",
"//    1.    1.    0.    1.    1.    0.    0.    0.    0.    1.  \n",
"// differential encoder bipolar output in volts:   \n",
"//    0.  - 1.    1.    0.  - 1.    0.    0.    0.    1.  - 1. "
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.4: Power_Spectra_of_different_binary_data_formats.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Power Spectra of different binary data formats\n",
"//Figure 6.4: Power Spectal Densities of \n",
"//Different Line Coding Techniques\n",
"//[1].NRZ Polar Format [2].NRZ Bipolar format\n",
"//[3].NRZ Unipolar format [4]. Manchester format\n",
"//Page 241\n",
"close;\n",
"clc;\n",
"//[1]. NRZ Polar format\n",
"a = input('Enter the Amplitude value:');\n",
"fb = input('Enter the bit rate:');\n",
"Tb = 1/fb;  //bit duration\n",
"f = 0:1/(100*Tb):2/Tb;\n",
"for i = 1:length(f)\n",
"  Sxxf_NRZ_P(i) = (a^2)*Tb*(sinc_new(f(i)*Tb)^2);\n",
"  Sxxf_NRZ_BP(i) = (a^2)*Tb*((sinc_new(f(i)*Tb))^2)*((sin(%pi*f(i)*Tb))^2);\n",
"  if (i==1)\n",
"    Sxxf_NRZ_UP(i) = (a^2)*(Tb/4)*((sinc_new(f(i)*Tb))^2)+(a^2)/4;\n",
"  else\n",
"    Sxxf_NRZ_UP(i) = (a^2)*(Tb/4)*((sinc_new(f(i)*Tb))^2);\n",
"  end\n",
"  Sxxf_Manch(i) = (a^2)*Tb*(sinc_new(f(i)*Tb/2)^2)*(sin(%pi*f(i)*Tb/2)^2);\n",
"end\n",
"//Plotting\n",
"a = gca();\n",
"plot2d(f,Sxxf_NRZ_P)\n",
"poly1= a.children(1).children(1);  \n",
"poly1.thickness = 2;  // the tickness of a curve.\n",
"plot2d(f,Sxxf_NRZ_BP,2)\n",
"poly1= a.children(1).children(1);  \n",
"poly1.thickness = 2;  // the tickness of a curve.\n",
"plot2d(f,Sxxf_NRZ_UP,5)\n",
"poly1= a.children(1).children(1);  \n",
"poly1.thickness = 2;  // the tickness of a curve.\n",
"plot2d(f,Sxxf_Manch,9)\n",
"poly1= a.children(1).children(1);  \n",
"poly1.thickness = 2;  // the tickness of a curve.\n",
"xlabel('f*Tb------->')\n",
"ylabel('Sxx(f)------->')\n",
"title('Power Spectral Densities of Different Line Codinig Techniques')\n",
"xgrid(1)\n",
"legend(['NRZ Polar Format','NRZ Bipolar format','NRZ Unipolar format','Manchester format']);\n",
"//Result\n",
"//Enter the Amplitude value:1\n",
"//Enter the bit rate:1 "
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.6: Ideal_solution_for_zero_ISI.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Ideal solution for zero ISI\n",
"//Figure 6.6(b): Ideal Solution for Intersymbol Interference\n",
"//SINC pulse\n",
"//page 249\n",
"rb = input('Enter the bit rate:');\n",
"Bo = rb/2;\n",
"t =-3:1/100:3;\n",
"x = sinc_new(2*Bo*t);\n",
"plot(t,x)\n",
"xlabel('t------>');\n",
"ylabel('p(t)------->');\n",
"title('SINC Pulse for zero ISI')\n",
"xgrid(1)\n",
"//Result\n",
"//Enter the bit rate:1"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.7: Practical_solution_Raised_Cosine.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Practical solution: Raised Cosine \n",
"//Figure6.7(b):Practical Solution for Intersymbol Interference\n",
"//Raised Cosine Spectrum\n",
"//page 250\n",
"close;\n",
"clc;\n",
"rb = input('Enter the bit rate:');\n",
"Tb =1/rb;\n",
"t =-3:1/100:3;\n",
"Bo = rb/2;\n",
"Alpha =0;      //Intialized to zero\n",
"x =t/Tb;\n",
"for j =1:3\n",
"  for i =1:length(t)\n",
"    if((j==3)&((t(i)==0.5)|(t(i)==-0.5)))\n",
"        p(j,i) = sinc_new(2*Bo*t(i));\n",
"    else\n",
"        num =  sinc_new(2*Bo*t(i))*cos(2*%pi*Alpha*Bo*t(i));\n",
"        den =   1-16*(Alpha^2)*(Bo^2)*(t(i)^2)+0.01; \n",
"        p(j,i)= num/den;\n",
"    end\n",
"  end\n",
"  Alpha = Alpha+0.5;\n",
"end\n",
"a =gca();\n",
"plot2d(t,p(1,:))\n",
"plot2d(t,p(2,:))\n",
"poly1= a.children(1).children(1);\n",
"poly1.foreground=2;\n",
"plot2d(t,p(3,:))\n",
"poly2= a.children(1).children(1);\n",
"po1y2.foreground=4;\n",
"poly2.line_style = 3;\n",
"xlabel('t/Tb------>');\n",
"ylabel('p(t)------->');\n",
"title('RAISED COSINE SPECTRUM - Practical Solution for ISI')\n",
"legend(['ROlloff Factor =0','ROlloff Factor =0.5','ROlloff Factor =1'])\n",
"xgrid(1)\n",
"//Result\n",
"//Enter the bit rate:1"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 6.9: Frequency_response_of_duobinary_conversion_filte.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//clear//\n",
"//Caption:Frequency response of duobinary conversion filter\n",
"//Figure6.9:Frequency Response of Duobinary Conversion filter\n",
"//(a)Amplitude Response\n",
"//(b)Phase Response\n",
"//Page 254\n",
"clear;\n",
"close;\n",
"clc;\n",
"rb =  input('Enter the bit rate=');\n",
"Tb =1/rb;  //Bit duration\n",
"f = -rb/2:1/100:rb/2;\n",
"Amplitude_Response = abs(2*cos(%pi*f.*Tb));\n",
"Phase_Response = -(%pi*f.*Tb);\n",
"subplot(2,1,1)\n",
"a=gca();\n",
"a.x_location ='origin';\n",
"a.y_location ='origin';\n",
"plot2d(f,Amplitude_Response,2)\n",
"poly1= a.children(1).children(1);  \n",
"poly1.thickness = 2;  // the tickness of a curve.\n",
"xlabel('Frequency f---->')\n",
"ylabel('|H(f)| ----->')\n",
"title('Amplitude Repsonse of Duobinary Singaling')\n",
"subplot(2,1,2)\n",
"a=gca();\n",
"a.x_location ='origin';\n",
"a.y_location ='origin';\n",
"plot2d(f,Phase_Response,5)\n",
"poly1= a.children(1).children(1);  \n",
"poly1.thickness = 2;  // the tickness of a curve.\n",
"xlabel('                                           Frequency f---->')\n",
"ylabel('                                            <H(f) ----->')\n",
"title('Phase Repsonse of Duobinary Singaling')\n",
"//Result\n",
"//Enter the bit rate=8 "
   ]
   }
],
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		   "language": "scilab",
		   "name": "scilab"
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		   "file_extension": ".sce",
		   "help_links": [
			{
			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
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		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
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