{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 5: Gases"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.10: Computation_of_Molar_Mass.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Computation of Molar Mass\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.10\n');\n",
"\n",
"percentSi=33;//percent of Si in compound\n",
"percentF=67;//percent of F in compound\n",
"nSi=percentSi/28.01;//moles of Si in 100g compound\n",
"nF=percentF/19;//moles of F in 100g compound\n",
"\n",
"P=1.7;//pressure, atm\n",
"T=35+273;//temp. in K\n",
"m=2.38;//mass, g\n",
"V=0.21;//volume, L\n",
"R=0.0821;//universal Gas constant, L.atm/K.mol\n",
"n=P*V/(R*T);//moles\n",
"M=m/n;//mol. mass=mass/moles, g/mol\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the molecular mass of given compound is : %4.0f g/mol\n',M);\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.11: Gas_Stoichiometry.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Gas Stoichiometry\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.11\n');\n",
"\n",
"VC2H2=7.64;//volume of acetylene, L\n",
"VO2=VC2H2*5/2;//volume of O2 required for complete combustion as 5mol O2 react with 2mol acetylene for complete combustion\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the volume of O2 required for complete combustion of acetylene is : %4.1f L\n',VO2);\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.12: Gas_Stoichiometry.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Gas Stoichiometry\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.12\n');\n",
"\n",
"R=0.0821;//universal Gas constant, L.atm/K.mol\n",
"T=80+273;//temp in K\n",
"P=823/760;//pressure in atm\n",
"m=60;//mass of NaN3, g\n",
"NaN3=65.02;//mol. mass of NaN3, g\n",
"nN2=m*3/(2*NaN3);//moles of N2\n",
"VN2=nN2*R*T/P;//from ideal gas law\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the volume of N2 generated is : %4.1f L\n',VN2);\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.13: Gas_Stoichiometry.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Gas Stoichiometry\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.13\n');\n",
"\n",
"R=0.0821;//universal Gas constant, L.atm/K.mol\n",
"T=312;//temp in K\n",
"V=2.4*10^5;//volume, L\n",
"P1=7.9*10^-3;//pressure initial in atm\n",
"P2=1.2*10^-4;//pressure final in atm\n",
"Pdrop=P1-P2;//pressure drop, atm\n",
"n=Pdrop*V/(R*T);//moles of Co2 reacted\n",
"Li2CO3=73.89;//mol. mass of Li2CO3, g\n",
"mLi2CO3=n*Li2CO3;//mass of Li2CO3, g\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the mass of Li2CO3 formed is : %4.1f *10^3 g\n',mLi2CO3*10^-3);\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.14: Daltons_Law_of_Partial_Pressures.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.14\n');\n",
"\n",
"nNe=4.46;//moles of Ne\n",
"nXe=2.15;//moles of Xe\n",
"nAr=0.74;//moles of Ar\n",
"PT=2;//total pressure in atm\n",
"XNe=nNe/(nNe+nAr+nXe);//mole fraction of Ne\n",
"XAr=nAr/(nNe+nAr+nXe);//mole fraction of Ar\n",
"XXe=nXe/(nNe+nAr+nXe);//mole fraction of Xe\n",
"PNe=XNe*PT;//partial pressure of Ne\n",
"PAr=XAr*PT;//partial pressure of Ar\n",
"PXe=XXe*PT;//partial pressure of Xe\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the partial pressures of Ne, Ar and Xe are : %4.2f atm, %4.2f atm and %4.3f atm respectively\n',PNe,PAr,PXe);\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.15: Daltons_Law_of_Partial_Pressures.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.15\n');\n",
"\n",
"PT=762;//pressure total, mmHg\n",
"PH2O=22.4;//pressure of water vapor, mmHg\n",
"PO2=PT-PH2O;//pressure of O2, frm Dalton's law, mmHg\n",
"M=32;//mol mass of O2, g\n",
"R=0.0821;//universal Gas constant, L.atm/K.mol\n",
"T=24+273;//temp in K\n",
"V=0.128;//volume in L\n",
"m=(PO2/760)*V*M/(R*T);//mass of mass of O2 collected, g\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the mass of O2 collected is : %4.3f g\n',m);\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.16: Root_Mean_Square_velocity.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Root Mean Square velocity\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.16\n');\n",
"\n",
"R=8.314;//universal Gas constant, J/K mol\n",
"T=25+273;//temp in K\n",
"\n",
"//for O2\n",
"M=4.003*10^-3;//mol mass in kg\n",
"Urms=sqrt(3*R*T/M);//rms velocity, m/s\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the rms velocity of O2 collected is : %4.2f *10^3 m/s\n',Urms*10^-3);\n",
"\n",
"//for N2\n",
"M=28.02*10^-3;//mol mass in kg\n",
"Urms=sqrt(3*R*T/M);//rms velocity, m/s\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the rms velocity of N2 collected is : %4.0f m/s\n',Urms);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.17: Gas_Effusio.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Gas Effusion\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.17\n');\n",
"\n",
"t2=1.5;//diffusion time of compound, min\n",
"t1=4.73;//diffusion time of Br, min\n",
"M2=159.8;//mol mass of Br gas, g\n",
"M=(t2/t1)^2*M2;//molar gas of unknown gas, g(from Graham's Law of Diffusion)\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the molar mass of unknown gas is : %4.1f g/mol\n',M);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.18: deviation_from_ideal_behaviour.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//deviation from ideal behaviour\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.18\n');\n",
"\n",
"//(a)\n",
"V=5.2;//volume, L\n",
"T=47+273;\n",
"n=3.5;\n",
"R=0.0821;//universal Gas constant, L.atm/K.mol\n",
"P=n*R*T/V;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the pressure of NH3 gas from ideal gas equation is : %4.1f atm\n',P);\n",
"\n",
"//(b)\n",
"a=4.17;//constant, atm.L2/mol2\n",
"b=0.0371;//constant, L/mol\n",
"Pc=a*n^2/V^2;//pressure correction term, atm\n",
"Vc=n*b;//volume correction term, L\n",
"P=n*R*T/(V-Vc)-Pc;//from van der waals equation, pressure, atm\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the pressure of NH3 gas from van der waals equation is : %4.1f atm\n',P);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.1: Pressure_Units.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Pressure Units\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.1\n');\n",
"\n",
"Pbaro=688;//pressure in mm Hg\n",
"Patm=Pbaro/760;//pressure in atm\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the presuure in atmospheres is : %4.3f atm\n',Patm);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.2: Pressure_Units.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Pressure Units\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.2\n');\n",
"\n",
"Pbaro=732;//pressure in mm Hg\n",
"Patm=Pbaro/760;//pressure in atm\n",
"P=Patm*1.01325*10^2;//pressure in kilo Pascal\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the presuure in kilo pascals is : %4.1f kPa\n',P);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.3: Ideal_Gas_Equatio.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ideal Gas Equation\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.3\n');\n",
"\n",
"V=5.43;//volume, L\n",
"t=69.5;//temperature, C\n",
"T=t+273;//temperature, K\n",
"n=1.82;//moles\n",
"R=0.0821;//universal gas constant, L.atm/(K.mol)\n",
"P=n*R*T/V;//pressure, atm\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the presuure in atmospheres is : %4.2f atm\n',P);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.4: Ideal_Gas_Equatio.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ideal Gas Equation\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.4\n');\n",
"\n",
"m=7.4;//mass of NH3, g\n",
"\n",
"//at STP for NH3 for 1mole of NH3\n",
"V1=22.41;// volume, L\n",
"NH3=17.03;//molar mass of NH3, g\n",
"\n",
"n=m/NH3;//moles of NH3\n",
"V=n*V1;//volume, L\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the volume of NH3 under given conditions is : %4.2f L\n',V);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.5: Ideal_Gas_Equatio.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ideal Gas Equation\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.5\n');\n",
"\n",
"V1=0.55;//volume, L\n",
"P1=1;//pressure at sea level, atm\n",
"P2=0.4;//pressurea at 6.5km height, atm\n",
"\n",
"//n1=n2 and T1=T2 given hence P1V1=P2V2\n",
"\n",
"V2=P1*V1/P2;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the volume of He balloon at height 6.5km above sea level is : %4.1f L\n',V2);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.6: Ideal_Gas_Equatio.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ideal Gas Equation\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.6\n');\n",
"\n",
"P1=1.2;// pressure initial, atm\n",
"T1=18+273;//temperature initial, K\n",
"T2=85+273;//temperature final, K\n",
"//volume is constant\n",
"\n",
"P2=P1*T2/T1;// pressure final,atm\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the final pressure is : %4.2f atm\n',P2);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.7: Ideal_Gas_Equatio.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ideal Gas Equation\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.7\n');\n",
"\n",
"P1=6.4;// pressure initial, atm\n",
"P2=1.0;// pressure final, atm\n",
"T1=8+273;//temperature initial, K\n",
"T2=25+273;//temperature final, K\n",
"V1=2.1;//volume initial, mL\n",
"\n",
"V2=P1*V1*T2/(T1*P2);// volume final, mL\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the final volume is : %4.0f mL\n',V2);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.8: Density_Calulations.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Density Calulations\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.8\n');\n",
"\n",
"//taking 1 mole of CO2\n",
"n=1;\n",
"R=0.0821;//universal gas constant, L. atm/K.mol\n",
"t=55;//temperature, C\n",
"T=t+273;//temperature, K\n",
"P=0.99;//.pressure, atm\n",
"M=44.01;//molar mass of CO2, g\n",
"d1=P*M/(R*T);//density of CO2, g/L\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t the density of CO2 is : %4.2f g/L\n',d1);\n",
"\n",
"//altenate method\n",
"//taking 1 mole of CO2\n",
"mass=M;//mass of CO2 in g =mol mass since we are considering 1 mole of CO2\n",
"V=n*R*T/P;//volume, L\n",
"d2=mass/V;//density=mass/volume, g/L\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t (Alternate Method)the density of CO2 is : %4.2f g/L\n',d2);\n",
"\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 5.9: Computation_of_Molar_Mass_of_Gaseous_substance.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Computation of Molar Mass of Gaseous substance\n",
"\n",
"clear;\n",
"clc;\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t Example 5.9\n');\n",
"\n",
"d=7.71;// density, g/mL(given)\n",
"R=0.0821;//universal gas constant, L. atm/K.mol\n",
"T=36+273;// temp, K\n",
"P=2.88;//pressure, atm\n",
"M1=d*R*T/P;// mol. mass, g/mol\n",
"printf('\t the molecular mass of given compound is : %4.1f g/mol\n',M1);\n",
"\n",
"//alternate method\n",
"//considering 1 L of compound\n",
"V=1;//volume, L\n",
"n=P*V/(R*T);//no of moles\n",
"m=7.71;//mass per 1 L, g\n",
"M2=m/n;// mol. mass, g/mol\n",
"\n",
"printf('\t {alternate method} the molecular mass of given compound is : %4.1f g/mol\n',M2);\n",
"printf('\t the molecular formula can be only found by trial and error method as given in the book \n');\n",
"//End"
   ]
   }
],
"metadata": {
		  "kernelspec": {
		   "display_name": "Scilab",
		   "language": "scilab",
		   "name": "scilab"
		  },
		  "language_info": {
		   "file_extension": ".sce",
		   "help_links": [
			{
			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
			}
		   ],
		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
		   "name": "scilab",
		   "version": "0.7.1"
		  }
		 },
		 "nbformat": 4,
		 "nbformat_minor": 0
}