{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 13: Radio Communication"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.10: Frequency_and_deviation_ratio.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.10\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"//Part (a)\n",
"ft=88.8;//MHz\n",
"N1N2N3=20;//frequency multiplication\n",
"fc=ft/N1N2N3;//MHz\n",
"disp(fc,'(a) Master oscillator center frequency(MHz)');\n",
"delta_ft=75;//kHz\n",
"delta_f=delta_ft*1000/N1N2N3;//Hz\n",
"disp(delta_f,'(b) Frequency deviation at the output(Hz)');\n",
"fm=15;//kHz\n",
"DR=delta_f/1000/fm;//Deviation ratio at output\n",
"disp(DR,'(c) Deviation ratio at the output');\n",
"DR=DR*N1N2N3;//Deviation ratio at antenna\n",
"disp(DR,'(d) Deviation ratio at the antenna');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.11: Reduction_in_frequency_drift.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.11\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',11);\n",
"VCO=200;//ppm(VCO stability)\n",
"fc=5.1;//MHz\n",
"ft_old=91.8;//MHz\n",
"k0=10;//kHz/V\n",
"kd=2;//V/kHz\n",
"f2=30.6;//MHz\n",
"fc=fc*10^6+(VCO*10^-6*fc*10^6);//Hz(with feedback loop open)\n",
"N1=2;N2=3;\n",
"f2_new=N1*N2*fc;//Hz\n",
"df2=f2_new-f2*10^6;//Hz(Frequency drift)\n",
"ft=N2*f2_new/10^6;//MHz(Transmit frequency)\n",
"df2_reduced=df2/(1+N1*N2*kd*k0);//Hz(reduced frequency drift)\n",
"df2_reduced=round(df2_reduced);//Hz\n",
"disp(df2_reduced,'Reduced frequency drift(Hz)');\n",
"f2dash=f2*10^6+df2_reduced;//Hz(New transmit frequency of antenna)\n",
"ftnew=f2dash*N2;//Hz\n",
"disp(ftnew,'New transmit frequency of antenna(Hz)')\n",
"old_drift=ft*10^6-ft_old*10^6;//Hz\n",
"new_drift=ftnew-ft_old*10^6;//Hz\n",
"disp('The frequency drift at the antenna has been reduced from '+string(old_drift)+' Hz to '+string(new_drift)+' Hz. This fulfill the FCC requirements.')"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.1: Frequency_Limits_and_Bandwidth.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.1\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"fc=100;//kHz\n",
"fm=5;//kHz\n",
"LSB=[fc-fm fc];//kHz\n",
"USB=[fc fc+fm];//kHz\n",
"disp('Part (a)');\n",
"disp('Lower sideband is from '+string(LSB(1))+' kHz to '+string(LSB(2))+' kHz');\n",
"disp('Upper sideband is from '+string(USB(1))+' kHz to '+string(USB(2))+' kHz');\n",
"B=2*fm;//kHz\n",
"disp(B,'(b) Bandwidth(kHz)');\n",
"disp('part (c)');\n",
"fm=3;//kHz\n",
"f_usf=fc+fm;//kHz\n",
"disp(f_usf,'Upper side frequency(kHz)');\n",
"f_lsf=fc-fm;//kHz\n",
"disp(f_lsf,'Lower side frequency(kHz)');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.2: Frequency_and_modulation_coefficient.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.2\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"fc=500;//kHz\n",
"fm=10;//kHz\n",
"//Am=7.5*Vp & Ac=20*Vc\n",
"Em=7.5;//times of Vp\n",
"Ec=20;//times of Vp(unmodulated carrier)\n",
"disp('Part (a)');\n",
"f_usf=fc+fm;//kHz\n",
"disp(f_usf,'Upper side frequency(kHz)');\n",
"f_lsf=fc-fm;//kHz\n",
"disp(f_lsf,'Lower side frequency(kHz)');\n",
"disp('Part (b)');\n",
"m=Em/Ec;//modulation coefficient\n",
"disp(m,'Modulation coefficient');\n",
"M=100*m;//% modulation\n",
"disp(M,'% Modulation');\n",
"disp('Part (c)');\n",
"Ec1=Ec;//times of Vp(modulated carrier)\n",
"Eusf=m*Ec/2;//times of Vp\n",
"Elsf=m*Ec/2;//times of Vp\n",
"disp('Peak amplitude of modulated carrier is '+string(Ec1)+'*Vp');\n",
"disp('Upper & lower side frequency voltages, Eusf = Elsf = '+string(Eusf)+'*Vp');\n",
"disp('Part (d)');\n",
"Vmax=Ec+Em;//times of Vp\n",
"Vmin=Ec-Em;//times of Vp\n",
"disp('Maximum amplitude of envelope is '+string(Vmax)+'*Vp');\n",
"disp('Minimum amplitude of envelope is '+string(Vmin)+'*Vp');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.3: Power_and_voltage.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.3\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',6);\n",
"fc=1;//MHz\n",
"fm=5;//kHz\n",
"m=60/100;//Modulation\n",
"Pc=6;//kW\n",
"RL=50;//W\n",
"Pavg=Pc*(1+m^2/2);//kW(Average power delivered to load)\n",
"disp('Part(a)');\n",
"disp(Pavg,'Average power of modulated signal(kW)');\n",
"PdB=10*log10(Pavg*1000);//dB\n",
"disp(PdB,'Average power of modulated signal(dB)');\n",
"PdBm=10*log10(Pavg*10^6);//dBm\n",
"disp(PdBm,'Average power of modulated signal(dBm)');\n",
"disp('Part(b)');\n",
"VS_RMS=sqrt(2*RL*Pavg*1000)/1000;//kV\n",
"disp(VS_RMS,'RMS voltage of modulated signal(kV)');\n",
"Vp=sqrt(2)*VS_RMS;//V\n",
"disp(Vp,'Peak value of modulated signal(kV)');\n",
"//Answer is wrong in the book."
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.4: Determine_power.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.4\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',7);\n",
"Vc=10;//times of Vp\n",
"RL=10;//ohm\n",
"m=1;//modulation coefficient\n",
"Pc=Vc^2/2/RL;//W\n",
"Pusb=m^2*Pc/4;//W\n",
"Plsb=m^2*Pc/4;//W\n",
"disp('Part(a)');\n",
"disp(Pc,'Carrier power(W)');\n",
"disp(Pusb,'Upper side band power(W)');\n",
"disp(Plsb,'Lower side band power(W)');\n",
"disp('Part(b)');\n",
"Psbt=m^2*Pc/2;//W\n",
"disp(Psbt,'Total side band power(W)');\n",
"disp('Part(c)');\n",
"Pt=Pc*(1+m^2/2);//W\n",
"disp(Pt,'Total power of modulated wave(W)');\n",
"disp('Part(e)');\n",
"m=0.5;//modulation coefficient\n",
"Pusb=m^2*Pc/4;//W\n",
"Plsb=m^2*Pc/4;//W\n",
"disp(Pc,'Carrier power(W)');\n",
"disp(Pusb,'Upper side band power(W)');\n",
"disp(Plsb,'Lower side band power(W)');\n",
"Psbt=m^2*Pc/2;//W\n",
"disp(Psbt,'Total side band power(W)');\n",
"Pt=Pc*(1+m^2/2);//W\n",
"disp(Pt,'Total power of modulated wave(W)');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.5: Noise_Figure_improvement.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.5\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',3);\n",
"RF=200;//kHz\n",
"IF=10;//kHz\n",
"BI=RF/IF;//unitless(Bandwidth Improvement)\n",
"NF=10*log10(BI);//dB\n",
"disp(NF,'Noise Figure improvement(dB)');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.6: Peak_frequency_and_phase_deviation.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.6\n",
"clc;clear;close;;\n",
"format('v',6)\n",
"//Part (a)\n",
"K1=5;//kHz/V\n",
"//vm(t)=2*cos(2*p*2000*t);\n",
"Vm=2;//V\n",
"fm=2000;//Hz\n",
"delta_f=K1*Vm;//kHz\n",
"disp(delta_f,'(a) Pak frequency deviation(kHz)');\n",
"m=delta_f*1000/fm;//modulation index\n",
"disp(m,'(a) Modulation index');\n",
"//Part (b)\n",
"K=2.5;//rad/V\n",
"//vm(t)=-cos(2*p*2000*t);\n",
"fm=2000;//Hz\n",
"m=K*Vm;//rad(Peak phase shift)\n",
"disp(m,'(b) Peak phase shift(rad)');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.7: Frequency_Modulation_Index.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.7\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"//v(t)=20*sin(6.28*10^6*t+10*sin(6.28*10^3*t));\n",
"//Comparing with VPM(t)=A*sin(omega_c*t+mp*sin(omega_m*t))\n",
"A=20;\n",
"omega_c=6.28*10^6;//rad\n",
"omega_m=6.28*10^3;//rad\n",
"fc=omega_c/2/%pi/10^6;//MHz\n",
"fm=omega_m/2/%pi/10^3;//kHz\n",
"mp=10;//modulation index\n",
"delta_theta=mp;//radians\n",
"disp(fc,'(a) Carrier freuency(MHz)');\n",
"disp(fm,'(b) Modulating freuency(kHz)');\n",
"disp(mp,'(c) Modulation index(mp)');\n",
"disp(delta_theta,'(d) Peak phase deviation(radians)');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.8: Minimum_Bandwidth.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.8\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',5);\n",
"delta_f=10;//kHz\n",
"fm=10;//kHz\n",
"Vc=10;//V\n",
"fc=500;//kHz\n",
"m=delta_f/fm;//modulation index\n",
"//For m=1 we have 3 sidebands\n",
"B=2*(3*fm);//kHz\n",
"disp(B,'(a) Actual minimum bandwidh(kHz)');\n",
"B=2*(fm+delta_f);//kHz\n",
"disp(B,'(b) Approximate minimum bandwidh(kHz)');\n",
"A0=0.77*fm;//V\n",
"A1=0.44*fm;//V\n",
"A2=0.11*fm;//V\n",
"A3=0.02*fm;//V\n",
"//For frequency spectrum\n",
"A=[A3 A2 A1 A0 A1 A2 A3];//V(Amplitudes)\n",
"f=[fc+3*fm fc+2*fm fc+fm fc fc+fm fc+2*fm fc+3*fm];//kHz\n",
"plot(f,A);\n",
"title('Output frequency spectrum');\n",
"xlabel('Frequency(kHz)');\n",
"ylabel('Amplitudes(V)');"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 4.9: Deviation_ratio_and_bandwidth.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//Ex 4.9\n",
"clc;clear;close;\n",
"format('v',6)\n",
"//Part (a)\n",
"delta_f=75;//kHz\n",
"fm=15;//kHz\n",
"DR=delta_f/fm;//Deviation ratio\n",
"disp(DR,'(a) Deviation ratio');\n",
"//For m or DR=5 we have 8 sidebands\n",
"B=2*(8*fm);//kHz\n",
"disp(B,'(a) Bandwidh for worst case(kHz)');\n",
"//Part (b)\n",
"delta_f=75/2;//kHz\n",
"fm=15/2;//kHz\n",
"DR=delta_f/fm;//Deviation ratio\n",
"disp(DR,'(b) Deviation ratio or modulation index');\n",
"//For m or DR=5 we have 8 sidebands\n",
"B=2*(8*fm);//kHz\n",
"disp(B,'(b) Bandwidh for worst case(kHz)');"
   ]
   }
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			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
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