{
"cells": [
 {
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
	   "metadata": {},
	   "source": [
       "# Chapter 3: First law of thermodynamics"
	   ]
	},
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.01: To_find_out_work_done_on_the_system.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.01.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.01-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Pressure in the gas cylinder(in kPa):\n",
"p=689\n",
"//Final volume(in m^3):\n",
"v2=0.045\n",
"//Initial volume(in m^3):\n",
"v1=0.04\n",
"//Work done by the paddle(in kJ):\n",
"Pw=-4.88\n",
"//Work done by the system on the piston(in kJ):\n",
"w=p*(v2-v1)\n",
"//Net Work of the system(in kJ):\n",
"wn=w+Pw\n",
"printf('\nRESULTS\n')\n",
"printf('\nWork done on the piston=%f kJ',w)\n",
"printf('\nWork done on the system=%f kJ',-wn)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.02: To_find_out_the_amount_of_heat_required.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.02.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.02-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Mass of the gas(in kg):\n",
"m=0.5\n",
"//Initial internal energy(in kJ/kg):\n",
"u1=26.6\n",
"//Final internal energy(in kJ/kg):\n",
"u2=37.8\n",
"//Heat required(in kJ):\n",
"Q=(u2-u1)*m\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('Heat required= %f kJ',Q)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.03: To_find_out_the_amount_of_heat_to_be_removed.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.03.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.03-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Mass flow rate(in kg/hr):\n",
"m=50\n",
"//Initial temp(in C):\n",
"t1=800\n",
"//Final temp(in C):\n",
"t2=50\n",
"//Heat capacity at const pressure(in kJ/kg.K):\n",
"Cp=1.08\n",
"//Heat to be removed(in kJ/hr):\n",
"Q=m*Cp*(t2-t1)\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('Heat should be removed at %d kJ/hr',-Q)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.04: To_determine_the_work_done.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.04.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.04-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Volume of the cylinnder(in m^3):\n",
"v=0.78\n",
"//Atmospheric pressure(in kPa):\n",
"p=101.325\n",
"//Work done(in kJ):\n",
"w=p*v\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nWork done by air= %f',-w)\n",
"printf('\nWork done by surroundings= %f',w)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.05: To_determine_the_heat_interaction.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.05.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.05-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Mass of the gas(in kg):\n",
"m=5\n",
"//Value of n in P*(V^n)=const:\n",
"n=1.3\n",
"//Initial pressure(in MPa):\n",
"p1=1\n",
"//Initial volume(in m^3):\n",
"v1=0.5\n",
"//Final pressure(in MPa):\n",
"p2=0.5\n",
"//Final volume(in m^3):\n",
"v2=v1*((p1/p2)^(1/n))\n",
"//Work done(in kJ):\n",
"w=(p2*v2-p1*v1)*10^3/(1-n)\n",
"//Change in internal energy(in kJ/kg):\n",
"du=1.8*(p2*v2-p1*v1)*10^3\n",
"//Heat interaction(in kJ):\n",
"Q=du+w\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nHeat interaction = %f kJ',Q)\n",
"printf('\nWork interaction = %f kJ',w)\n",
"printf('\nChange in internal energy = %f kJ',du)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.06: To_determine_the_work_done.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.06.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.06-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Initial pressure(in MPa):\n",
"p1=1\n",
"//Final pressure(in MPa):\n",
"p2=2\n",
"//Initial volume(in m^3):\n",
"v1=0.05\n",
"//Value of n:\n",
"n=1.4\n",
"//Final volume(in m^3):\n",
"v2=v1*((p1/p2)^(1/n))\n",
"//Change in internal energy(in kJ/kg):\n",
"du=7.5*(p2*v2-p1*v1)*10^3\n",
"//Work done(in kJ):\n",
"w=(p2*v2-p1*v1)*10^3/(1-n)\n",
"//Heat interaction(in kJ):\n",
"Q=du+w\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nHeat interaction = %f kJ',Q)\n",
"printf('\nWork interaction = %f kJ',w)\n",
"printf('\nChange in internal energy = %f kJ',du)\n",
"//If 180 kJ heat transfer takes place:\n",
"//Work done(in kJ):\n",
"w2=180-du\n",
"printf('\nNew work = %f kJ',w2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.07: To_determine_the_heat_transfer.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.08.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.08-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Initial temperature(in K):\n",
"t1=627+273\n",
"//Final temperature(in K):\n",
"t2=27+273\n",
"//Specific heat at const pressure(in kJ/kg.K):\n",
"Cp=1.005\n",
"//Exit velocity(in m/s):\n",
"c2=sqrt(2*Cp*10^3*(t1-t2))\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nExit Velocity = %f m/s',c2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.08: To_determine_the_exit_velocity.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.08.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.08-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Initial temperature(in K):\n",
"t1=627+273\n",
"//Final temperature(in K):\n",
"t2=27+273\n",
"//Specific heat at const pressure(in kJ/kg.K):\n",
"Cp=1.005\n",
"//Exit velocity(in m/s):\n",
"c2=sqrt(2*Cp*10^3*(t1-t2))\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nExit Velocity = %f m/s',c2)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.09: To_determine_the_heat_to_be_transferred_to_the_atmosphere.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.09.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.09-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Work interaction(in kJ):\n",
"w=-200\n",
"//Increase in enthalpy(in kJ/kg):\n",
"dh=100\n",
"//Heat picked up by the cooling water(in kJ/kg):\n",
"qc=-90\n",
"//Heat flow(in kJ/kg):\n",
"Q=dh+w\n",
"//Heat transferred to atmosphere(in kJ/kg):\n",
"Qa=Q-qc\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nHeat transferred to atmosphere = %d kJ/kg',Qa)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.10: To_determine_the_water_circulation_rate.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.10.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.10-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Seating capacity:\n",
"c=500\n",
"//Heat requirement per person(in kcal/hr):\n",
"q=50\n",
"//Enthalpy of water entering the pipe(in kcal/kg):\n",
"h1=80\n",
"//Enthalpy of water leaving the pipe(in kcal/kg):\n",
"h2=45\n",
"//Difference in elevation of inlet and exit pipe(in m):\n",
"z=10\n",
"//Acceleration due to gravity(in m/s^2):\n",
"g=9.81\n",
"//Heat to be supplied(in kcal/hr):\n",
"Q=c*q\n",
"//Heat lost by water(in kcal/kg):\n",
"Ql=-Q\n",
"//By SFEE:\n",
"//Quantity of water circulated(in kg/hr):\n",
"m=(Ql*10^3*4.18)/(g*z+(h2-h1)*10^3*4.18)\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nWater circulation rate = %f kg/min',m/60)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.11: To_determine_the_steam_supply_rate.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.11.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.11-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Enthalpy of steam entering the injector(in kcal/kg):\n",
"h1=720\n",
"//Enthalpy of water entering(in kcal/kg):\n",
"h2=24.6\n",
"//Enthalpy of water and steam mixture leaving the injector(in kcal/kg):\n",
"h3=100\n",
"//Depth of water injector from steam injector(in m):\n",
"z=2\n",
"//Velocity of steam entering the injector(in m/s):\n",
"v1=50\n",
"//Velocity of mixture leaving the injector(in m/s):\n",
"v3=25\n",
"//Heat loss from injector to surroundings(in kcal/kg):\n",
"q=12\n",
"//By applying SFEE:\n",
"//Steam supply rate(in kg/s):\n",
"m=(((v3^2)/2+h3*10^3*4.18)-(h2*10^3*4.18+g*z))/(((v1^2)/2+h1*10^3*4.18)-((v3^2)/2+h3*10^3*4.18)-(q*10^3*4.18))\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nSteam supply rate = %f kg/s',m)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.12: To_determine_the_work_done.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.12.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.12-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Atmospheric pressure(in bar):\n",
"p=1.013\n",
"//Volume to which the baloon is inflated(in m^3):\n",
"v=0.4\n",
"//Work done by cylinder(in kJ):\n",
"w1=0\n",
"//Work done by the balloon(in kJ):\n",
"w2=p*10^5*v\n",
"//Total work(in kJ):\n",
"w=w1+w2\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nWork done by the system upon atmoshere = %f kJ',w/(10^3))\n",
"printf('\nWork done by the atmoshere = %f kJ',-w/(10^3))"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.13: To_determine_capacity_of_the_generator.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.13.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.13-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Heat added(in J/s):\n",
"Qa=5000\n",
"//Turbine work(in J/s):\n",
"Wt=0.25*Qa\n",
"//Heat rejected(in J/s):\n",
"Qr=0.75*Qa\n",
"//Work by feed pump(in J/s):\n",
"Wp=0.002*Qa\n",
"//Capacity of generator(in W):\n",
"C=Wt-Wp\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nCapacity of generator = %f kW ',C/(10^3))"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.14: To_determine_the_exit_velocity.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.14.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.14-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Ambient temperature(in K):\n",
"T1=27+273\n",
"//Temperature of air inside heat exchanger(in K):\n",
"T2=750+273\n",
"//Temperature of air leaving turbine(in K):\n",
"T3=600+273\n",
"//Temperature of air leaving the nozzle(in K):\n",
"T4=500+273\n",
"//Velocity of air entering turbine(in m/s):\n",
"c2=50\n",
"//Velocity of air entering the nozzle(in m/s):\n",
"c3=60\n",
"//Specific heat at constant pressure(in kj?kg.K):\n",
"Cp=1.005\n",
"//By applying SFEE between points 1 & 2:\n",
"//Heat transfer to air in heat exchanger(in kJ):\n",
"Q12=Cp*(T2-T1)\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nHeat transfer to air in heat exchanger =%f kJ',Q12)\n",
"//By applying SFEE between points 2 & 3:\n",
"//Power output from turbine(in kJ/s):\n",
"Wt=Cp*(T2-T3)+(c2^2-c3^2)*10^(-3)/2\n",
"printf('\nPower output from turbine = %f kJ/s',Wt)\n",
"//By applying SFEE between points 3 & 4:\n",
"//Velocity at exit of the nozzle(in m/s):\n",
"c4=sqrt(2*(Cp*(T3-T4)+(c3^2)*10^(-3)/2))\n",
"printf('\nVelocity at exit of the nozzle = %f m/s',c4)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.15: To_determine_the_work_done.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.15.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.15-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Initial pressure(in MPa):\n",
"p1=0.5\n",
"//Initial temperature(in K):\n",
"T1=400\n",
"//Ratio of v2 to v1:\n",
"r1=2\n",
"//Ratio of v3 to v1:\n",
"r2=6\n",
"//Universal gas constant(in kJ/kg):\n",
"R=8.314\n",
"//Work from state 1 to 2(in kJ):\n",
"Wa=R*T1\n",
"//Temperature at point 2(in K):\n",
"T2=2*T1\n",
"//Work done from state 2 to 3(in kJ):\n",
"Wb=R*T2*log(r2/r1)\n",
"//Total work done by air(in kJ):\n",
"W=Wa+Wb\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nWork done = %f kJ',W)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.16: To_determine_the_work_done.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.16.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.16-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Initial pressure(in MPa):\n",
"pi=0.5\n",
"//Initial volume(in m^3):\n",
"vi=0.5\n",
"//Final pressure(in MPa):\n",
"pf=1\n",
"//Atmospheric pressure(in Pa):\n",
"patm=1.013*10^5\n",
"//Final volume(in m^3):\n",
"vf=3*vi\n",
"//Work done(in J):\n",
"W=(vf-vi)*(pi+pf)*10^5/2\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nWork done = %d J',W)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.17: To_determine_the_work_done.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.17.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.17-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Initial pressure(in MPa):\n",
"pi=0.5\n",
"//Initial volume(in m^3):\n",
"vi=0.5\n",
"//Final pressure(in MPa):\n",
"pf=1\n",
"//Atmospheric pressure(in Pa):\n",
"patm=1.013*10^5\n",
"//Adiabatic index of compression for H2:\n",
"rH2=CpH2/(CpH2-RH2)\n",
"//Adiabatic index of compression for N2:\n",
"rN2=CpN2/(CpN2-RN2)\n",
"//Final pressure of hydrogen(in Pa):\n",
"p2=p1*(v1/v2)^rH2\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nFinal pressure of hydrogen = %f MPa',p2/(10^6))\n",
"//Partition work:\n",
"Pw=0\n",
"printf('\nPartition work = %d',Pw)\n",
"//Work done upon H2(in J):\n",
"WH2=(p1*v1-p2*v2)/(rH2-1)\n",
"//Work done by nitrogen(in J):\n",
"WN2=-WH2\n",
"printf('\nWork done by hyrogen = %d J',WH2)\n",
"printf('\nWork done by nitrogen = %d J',WN2)\n",
"//Mass of N2(in kg):\n",
"mN2=p1*v1/(RN2*10^3*T1)\n",
"//Final temperature of N2(in K):\n",
"T2=p2*vN2*T1/(p1*v1)\n",
"//Cv of N2(in kJ/kg):\n",
"CvN2=CpN2-RN2\n",
"//Heat added to N2(in kJ):\n",
"QN2=mN2*CvN2*10^3*(T2-T1)+WN2\n",
"printf('\nHeat added to nitrogen = %f kJ',QN2/(10^3))"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.18: To_determine_the_work_available.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.18.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.18-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Volume of the cylinder(in m^3):\n",
"v1=2\n",
"//Pressure in the cylinder(in Pa):\n",
"p1=0.5*10^6\n",
"//Temperature of the cylinder(in K):\n",
"T1=375\n",
"//Specific heat at const pressure(in kJ/kg.K):\n",
"Cp=1.003\n",
"//Specific heat at const volume(in kJ/kg.K):\n",
"Cv=0.716\n",
"//Gas constant for air(in kJ/kg.K):\n",
"Ra=0.287\n",
"//Atmospheric pressure(in Pa):\n",
"patm=1.013*10^5\n",
"//Compression ratio:\n",
"r=1.4\n",
"//Initial mass of air(in kg):\n",
"m1=p1*v1/(Ra*T1)\n",
"//Final temperature(in K):\n",
"T2=T1*(patm/p1)^((r-1)/r)\n",
"//Final mass of air left in tank(in kg):\n",
"m2=patm*v1/(Ra*T2)\n",
"//Kinetic energy available(in kJ):\n",
"KE=m1*Cv*T1-m2*Cv*T2-(m1-m2)*Cp*T2\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nAmount of work available = %f J',KE)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.19: To_determine_the_final_pressure_and_temperature.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.19.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.19-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Pressure in the vessel(in Pa):\n",
"p1=0.5*10^6\n",
"//Volume of 1st chamber(in m^3):\n",
"v1=0.5\n",
"//Temperature in the vessel(in K):\n",
"T1=300\n",
"//Final pressure(in Pa):\n",
"p2=10^6\n",
"//Volume of 2nd chamber(in m^3):\n",
"v2=0.5\n",
"//Final temperature(in K):\n",
"T2=500\n",
"//Universal gas constant(in J/kg.K):\n",
"R=8314\n",
"//Moles in chamber 1:\n",
"n1=p1*v1/(R*T1)\n",
"//Moles in chamber 2:\n",
"n2=p2*v2/(R*T2)\n",
"//Temperature of the mixture(in K):\n",
"T3=(n1*T1+n2*T2)/(n1+n2)\n",
"//Final pressure(in MPa):\n",
"p3=(n1+n2)*R*T3/(v1+v2)\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nFinal pressure = %f MPa',p3/(10^6))\n",
"printf('\nFinal temperature = %f K',T3)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.20: To_determine_the_heat_to_be_transferred.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.20.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.20-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Volume of the bottle(in m^3):\n",
"v=0.5\n",
"//Pressure in the bottle(in Bar):\n",
"p=1.0135\n",
"//Displacement work(in N-m):\n",
"W=p*10^5*(0-v)\n",
"//Heat transfer(in N-m):\n",
"Q=-W\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nHeat transferred = %d N-m',Q)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.21: To_determine_the_heat_to_be_transferred.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.21.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.21-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Volume of bottle(in m^3):\n",
"v1=0.3\n",
"//Pressure in the bottle(in bar):\n",
"p1=35\n",
"//Temperature in the bottle(in K):\n",
"T1=40+273\n",
"//Turbo generator's actual output(in kJ/s):\n",
"w1=5\n",
"//Final prssure(in bar):\n",
"p2=1\n",
"//Final volume(in m^3):\n",
"v2=v1\n",
"//Gas constant for air(in kJ/kg.K):\n",
"Ra=0.287\n",
"//Compression ratio:\n",
"r=1.4\n",
"//% of output which is consumed= 60%\n",
"//Specific heat at const volume(in kJ/kg):\n",
"Cv=0.718\n",
"//Specific heat at const pressure(in kJ/kg):\n",
"Cp=1.005\n",
"//Final temperature(in K):\n",
"T2=T1*(p2/p1)^((r-1)/r)\n",
"//Initial mass in the bottle(in kg):\n",
"m1=p1*10^2*v1/(Ra*T1)\n",
"//Final mass in the bottle(in kg):\n",
"m2=p2*10^2*v2/(Ra*T2)\n",
"//Maximum work that can be obtained(in kJ):\n",
"W=(m1*Cv*T1-m2*Cv*T2)-(m1-m2)*Cp*T2\n",
"//Input to the turbo generator(in kJ/s):\n",
"i=w1/0.6\n",
"//Time duration(in s):\n",
"t=W/i\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nDuration = %f seconds',t)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.22: To_determine_the_duration.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.22.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.22-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Pressure at state 1(in bar):\n",
"p1=1.5\n",
"//Temperature at state 1(in K):\n",
"T1=77+273\n",
"//Pressure at state 2(in bar):\n",
"p2=7.5\n",
"//Mass of the air(in kg):\n",
"m=3\n",
"//Value of n:\n",
"n=1.2\n",
"//Gas constant for air(in kJ/kg.K):\n",
"Ra=0.287\n",
"//Temperature at state 2(in K):\n",
"T2=T1*(p2/p1)^((n-1)/n)\n",
"//Initial volume(in m^3):\n",
"v1=m*Ra*T1/(p1*10^2)\n",
"//Volume at state 2(in m^3):\n",
"v2=(p1*(v1^n)/p2)^(1/n)\n",
"//Temperature at state 3(in K):\n",
"T3=T1\n",
"//Volume at state 3(in m^3):\n",
"v3=v2*T3/T2\n",
"//Pressure at state 3(in bar):\n",
"p3=7.5\n",
"//Compression work during process 1-2(in kJ):\n",
"W12=m*Ra*(T2-T1)/(1-n)\n",
"//Work during process 2-3(in kJ):\n",
"W23=p2*(10^2)*(v3-v2)\n",
"//Work during process 3-1(in kJ):\n",
"W31=p3*10^2*v3*log(v1/v3)\n",
"//Net work(in kJ):\n",
"Wn=W12+W23+W31\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nHeat transferred from the system = %f kJ',-Wn)"
   ]
   }
,
{
		   "cell_type": "markdown",
		   "metadata": {},
		   "source": [
			"## Example 3.23: To_determine_the_work_available_from_the_turbine.sce"
		   ]
		  },
  {
"cell_type": "code",
	   "execution_count": null,
	   "metadata": {
	    "collapsed": true
	   },
	   "outputs": [],
"source": [
"//pathname=get_absolute_file_path('3.23.sce')\n",
"//filename=pathname+filesep()+'3.23-data.sci'\n",
"//exec(filename)\n",
"//Volume of air bottle(in m^3):\n",
"v1=0.15\n",
"//Initial pressure(in bar):\n",
"p1=40\n",
"//Initial temperature(in K):\n",
"T1=27+273\n",
"//Final presure(in bar):\n",
"p2=2\n",
"//Final volume(in m^3):\n",
"v2=v1\n",
"//Gas constant for air(in kJ/kg):\n",
"Ra=0.287\n",
"//Specific heat at const pressure(in kJ/kg):\n",
"Cp=1.005\n",
"//Specific heat at const volume(in kJ/kg):\n",
"Cv=0.718\n",
"//Compression ratio:\n",
"r=1.4\n",
"//Initial mass of air in bottle(in kg):\n",
"m1=p1*10^2*v1/(Ra*T1)\n",
"//Final temperature(in K):\n",
"T2=T1*(p2/p1)^((r-1)/r)\n",
"//Final mass of air in bottle(in kg):\n",
"m2=p2*10^2*v2/(Ra*T2)\n",
"//Energy available for running of turbine due to emptying of bottle(in kJ):\n",
"E=m1*Cv*T1-m2*Cv*T2-(m1-m2)*Cp*T2\n",
"printf('\nRESULT\n')\n",
"printf('\nWorj available from turbine = %f',E)"
   ]
   }
],
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		  "kernelspec": {
		   "display_name": "Scilab",
		   "language": "scilab",
		   "name": "scilab"
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		  "language_info": {
		   "file_extension": ".sce",
		   "help_links": [
			{
			 "text": "MetaKernel Magics",
			 "url": "https://github.com/calysto/metakernel/blob/master/metakernel/magics/README.md"
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		   ],
		   "mimetype": "text/x-octave",
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