// Exa 3.9 format('v',7); clc; clear; close; // Given data R1= 10;// in kΩ R1=R1*10^3;// in Ω R2= 5;// in kΩ R2=R2*10^3;// in Ω RC= 1;// in kΩ RC=RC*10^3;// in Ω RE= 2;// in kΩ RE=RE*10^3;// in Ω V_CC= 15;// in V V_BE= 0.7;// in V // When I_C=0; V_CE= V_CC-I_C*(RC+RE);// in V // When V_CE= 0 I_C= V_CC/(RC+RE);// in A V_B= V_CC*R2/(R1+R2);// in V I_E= (V_B-V_BE)/RE;// in A I_C= I_E;// in A (approx) I_CQ= I_C;// in A V_CE= V_CC-I_C*(RC+RE);// in V V_CEQ= V_CE;// in V V_CE= 0:0.1:15;// in Volt I_C= (V_CC-V_CE)/(RC+RE)*1000;// in mA plot(V_CE,I_C); title("DC load line") xlabel("V_CE in volts") ylabel("I_C in mA") disp("DC load line shown in figure") disp("Operating point is "+string(V_CEQ)+" V and "+string(I_CQ*10^3)+" mA")