// ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM ENGINEERING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN // TURAN GONEN // CRC PRESS // SECOND EDITION // CHAPTER : 5 : UNDERGROUND POWER TRANSMISSION AND GAS-INSULATED TRANSMISSION LINES // EXAMPLE : 5.15 : clear ; clc ; close ; // Clear the work space and console // GIVEN DATA L = 50 ; // length of transmission line in km P_l_oh = 820 ; // Power loss at peak load for overhead transmission line in kW/km P_l_g = 254 ; // Power loss at peak load for gas insulated transmission line in kW/km cost_kwh = 0.10 // cost of electric energy in $ per kWh lf_ann = 0.7 ; // Annual load factor plf_ann = 0.7 ; // Annual Power loss factor h_yr = 365*24 ; // Time in Hours for a year total_invest = 200000000 ; // Investment cost of GIL in $ ( for case (j) ) // CALCULATIONS // For case (a) Power_loss_OHline = P_l_oh * L ; // Power loss of overhead line at peak load in kW // For case (b) Power_loss_GILline = P_l_g * L ; // Power loss of gas-insulated transmission line at peak load in kW // For case (c) energy_loss_OH = Power_loss_OHline * h_yr ; // Total annual energy loss of OH line at peak load in kWh/yr // For case (d) energy_loss_GIL = Power_loss_GILline * h_yr ; // Total annual energy loss of GIL at peak load in kWh/yr // For case (e) energy_ann_OH = lf_ann * energy_loss_OH ; // Average energy loss of OH line at peak load in kWh/yr // For case (f) energy_ann_GIL = lf_ann * energy_loss_GIL ; // Average energy loss of GIL line at peak load in kWh/yr // For case (g) cost_ann_OH = cost_kwh * energy_ann_OH ; // Average annual cost of losses of OH line in $ per year // For case (h) cost_ann_GIL = cost_kwh * energy_ann_GIL ; // Average annual cost of losses of GIL line in $ per year // For case (i) P_loss_ann = cost_ann_OH - cost_ann_GIL ; // Annual resultant savings of losses per yr // For case (j) break_period = total_invest/P_loss_ann ; // Payback period if GIL alternative period is selected // DISPLAY RESULTS disp("EXAMPLE : 5.15 : SOLUTION :-") ; printf("\n (a) Power loss of Overhead line at peak load , (Power loss)_OH_line = %d kW \n",Power_loss_OHline) ; printf("\n (b) Power loss of Gas-insulated transmission line , (Power loss)_GIL_line = %d kW \n",Power_loss_GILline) ; printf("\n (c) Total annual energy loss of Overhead transmission line at peak load = %.4e kWh/yr \n",energy_loss_OH) ; printf("\n (d) Total annual energy loss of Gas-insulated transmission line at peak load = %.5e kWh/yr \n",energy_loss_GIL); printf("\n (e) Average energy loss of Overhead transmission line = %.5e kWh/yr \n",energy_ann_OH); printf("\n (f) Average energy loss of Gas-insulated transmission line at peak load = %.5e kWh/yr \n",energy_ann_GIL); printf("\n (g) Average annual cost of losses of Overhead transmission line = $ %.5e/yr \n",cost_ann_OH); printf("\n (h) Average annual cost of losses of Gas-insulated transmission line = $ %.5e/yr \n",cost_ann_GIL); printf("\n (i) Annual resultant savings in losses using Gas-insulated transmission line = $ %.6e/yr \n",P_loss_ann); printf("\n (j) Breakeven period when GIL alternative is selected = %.1f years \n",break_period);