syms m11 m12 m13 m21 m22 m23 m31 m32 m33 ^ s=%s; poly(0,"l"); A=[0 1 0;3 0 2;-12 -7 -6] [r c]=size(A) I=eye(r,c); p=l*I-A; q=det(p); // determinant of li-p // roots of q are l1=-1; l2=-2; l3=-3; x1=[m11;m21;m31]; q1=(l1*I-A)*1 //on solving m11=1; m21=-1; m31=-1; x2=[m12;m22;m32]; q2=(l2*I-A)*1 //on solving; m12=2; m22=-4; m32=1; x3=[m13;m23;m33]; q3=(l3*I-A)*1 //on solving m13=1; m23=-3; m33=3; // modal matrix is M=[m11 m12 m13;m21 m22 m23;m31 m32 m33]