clear; clc; //Example 3.7 Vbe=0.65; Vcc=5; Rc=0.5;//KOhm b=100; V1=-5; Re=1;//KOhm // Q-point values :: writing KVL eq around B-E loop Ie=(-V1-Vbe)/Re; printf('\nemitter current=%.2f mA\n',Ie) Ib=(Ie/(1+b)); printf('\nbase current=%f mA\n',Ib) Ic=(b/(1+b))*Ie; printf('\ncollector current=%0.2f mA\n',Ic) Vce=Vcc-Ic*Rc-Ie*Re-V1; printf('\ncollector emitter voltage=%f V\n',Vce) //load line:: //Vce=Vcc-V1-(Ic*(Rc+((1+B)/B)*Re)); Vce=[0,2,,3.5,4,6,8,10] Ic=(10-Vce)/1.51; xset('window',1) plot2d(Vce,Ic,style=3,rect=[0,0,10,8]) title("load line") xlabel("Vce") ylabel("Ic")