From 7bc77cb1ed33745c720952c92b3b2747c5cbf2df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: prashantsinalkar Date: Sat, 3 Feb 2018 11:01:52 +0530 Subject: Added new code --- 3871/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.21/Ex10_21.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.24/Ex10_24.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce | 15 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce | 16 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce | 15 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce | 16 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.21/Ex12_21.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.22/Ex12_22.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.23/Ex12_23.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.24/Ex12_21.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.25/Ex12_25.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.26/Ex12_26.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.27/Ex12_27.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.28/Ex12_28.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.29/Ex12_29.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.30/Ex12_30.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.17/Ex13_17.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce | 15 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce | 14 ++++++++++++ 3871/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce | 14 ++++++++++++ 3871/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce | 15 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce | 14 ++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce | 15 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce | 16 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce | 15 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce | 13 +++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce | 16 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++ 3871/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sce | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sce | 52 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.29/Ex5_29.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.30/Ex5_30.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.31/Ex5_31.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.32/Ex5_32.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.34/Ex5_34.sce | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.35/Ex5_35.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.36/Ex5_36.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.37/Ex5_37.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce | 16 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce | 16 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce | 16 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce | 14 ++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce | 17 ++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce | 18 +++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce | 20 +++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++ 3871/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce | 15 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce | 16 +++++++++++++ 3871/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce | 14 ++++++++++++ 3871/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 249 files changed, 6033 insertions(+) create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.21/Ex10_21.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.24/Ex10_24.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.21/Ex12_21.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.22/Ex12_22.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.23/Ex12_23.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.24/Ex12_21.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.25/Ex12_25.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.26/Ex12_26.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.27/Ex12_27.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.28/Ex12_28.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.29/Ex12_29.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.30/Ex12_30.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.17/Ex13_17.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.29/Ex5_29.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.30/Ex5_30.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.31/Ex5_31.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.32/Ex5_32.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.34/Ex5_34.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.35/Ex5_35.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.36/Ex5_36.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.37/Ex5_37.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce create mode 100644 3871/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce (limited to '3871') diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6810547df --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 1 example 1 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +d =2.4; //magnitude of output response in mm +R = 6; //magnitude of input in Ω + +//calculations +S = d/(R); //static sensitivity in mm/Ω +D = R/(d); //deflection factor in Ω/mm + +//result +mprintf("static sensitivity = %3.2f mm/Ω",S); +mprintf("\n deflection factor = %3.2f Ω/mm",D); + +//========================================================================== diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb8caa599 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 1 example 10 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +E0 = 50; //internal voltage source in V +R0 = 100; //resitance in kΩ +r = 99; //accuracy in % + +//calculations +//Em = E0/(1+(R0/RL)) +//Em = E0*(r in %) +//E0/(1+(R0/RL)) = E0*(r in %) +Em = (E0*r)/(100); +x =E0/(Em); +y = x-1; +Rm = R0/(y); //resistance of voltage in kΩ + +//result +mprintf("resistance of voltage = %3.2f kΩ",Rm); + diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..62025d39e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 1 example 11 + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +E = 20; //voltage in V +R1 = 2; //resistance in kΩ +R2 = 2; //resistance in kΩ +R3 = 1; //resistance in kΩ +R = 200; //resistance whe current is connected to terminals in Ω + + +//calculations +Io = (E/(R1+((R2*R3)/(R2+R3))))*(R2/(R2+R3)); //nortons equivalent current in kΩ +Rout = R3+((1/(R1))+(1/(R2))); //output resistance in kΩ +IL = Io*((R1*1000)/((R1*1000)+R)); //measured value of current in mA +e = ((IL-Io)/(Io))*100; //percentage error in % +A = 100+e; //accuracy of measurement in % + +//result +//mprintf("resistance of voltage = %3.2f kΩ",Rm); + +mprintf("actual value of current flowing through 1000 Ω is %3.2f mA",Io'); +mprintf("\nmeasured value of current when 200 Ω is connected is %3.2f mA",IL); +mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.1f percentage(low) ",e); +mprintf("\naccuracy of measurement = %3.1f percentage ",A); + diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..86d56f056 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//========================================================================================= +//chapter 1 example 2 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declarations +If = 5; //full-scale reading of instrument in A +Ra = 0.01; //ammeter resistance in ohm + + +//calculations +Pf = ((If)^2)*(Ra); //power sonsumption for full-scale deflection is W +n = (If)/(Pf); //instrument efficiency in A per watts + +//result +mprintf("power sonsumption for full-scale deflection = %3.2f W",Pf); +mprintf("\ninstrument efficiency = %3.0f A per watts",n); + + +//================================================================================================ diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a49536c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 1 example 3 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +n = 100; //highest mutiplier switch in mA +N = 100; //number of divisions + + +//calculations +R = (N*10^-3)*n; //Range of instrument in A +S = 0-n; //scale range + +//result +mprintf("Range of instrument = %3.2f A",R); +mprintf("\nScale Range = 0%3.2f",S); + +//============================================================================= diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67a9c714d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 1 example 4 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +T1 = 200; //Tempperature in °C +T2 = 225; //Tempperature in °C +R1 = 305; //Resistance in Ω +R2 = 310; //Resistance in Ω + +//calculations +S = (R2-R1)/(T2-T1); //dr/dt in per °C + +//result +mprintf("measurement sensitivity S = %3.2f Ω per °C",S); + + +//========================================================================== + diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..37352d8b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//============================================================================================= +//chapter 1 example 5 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R0 = 100; //resistance in Ω +R100 = 138.50; //resistance in Ω +R200 = 175.83; //resistance in Ω +T1 = 0; //Tempperature in °C +T2 = 200; //Tempperature in °C +T3 = 100; //Tempperature in °C + +//calculations +T = ((T2-T1)/(R200-R0))*(R100-R0); //change in temperatre in °C +D = T-T3; //deviation in °C at T3 temperature +p = (D/(T2))*100; //per cent full scale deflection non linearity in % + +//result +mprintf("per cent full scale deflection %3.4f percent",p); + + +//======================================================================================================= diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f4945e76a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===================================================================================================== +//chapter 1 example 6 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +l = 0.2; //percent liearity +r = 300; //full-scale readng +R = 20; //resistance in kΩ +V = 2; //voltage in V + +//calculations +d = (l*r)/(100); //maximum displacement deviatio in ° +R1 = (l*R)/(100); //maximum resistance displacement in Ω +//a displacement of 300 corresponds to 2V ,therfore 0.6 corresponds to a voltage of (0.6/300)*2 +ev = (d/(r))*V; //maximum voltage error in mV + +//result +mprintf("maximum displacement deviation =%3.1f ° ",d); +mprintf("\nmaximum resistance displacement %3.2f kΩ",R1); +mprintf("\n maximum voltage error %3.2f mV",(ev*10^3)); + +//======================================================================================================= diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e972916ac --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===================================================================================================== +//chapter 1 example 7 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +t1 =500; //temperature in °C +t2 =1250; //temperature in °C +r = 0.12; //dead space in pyrometer in per cent of span + +//calculations +S = t2-t1; //span the algebric diffeerence between the upper and lower range values +d = (r/(100))*S; //dead space in °C + +//result +mprintf(" a change of %3.2f °C must occur before it is detected",d); + +//========================================================================================================= diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ae6f2630 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===================================================================================================== +//chapter 1 example 8 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +E0 = 12; //open -circuit voltage in V +R0 = 1; //output resistance in kΩ +RL = 25; //output resistance in kΩ + + +//calculations +EL = E0/(1+(R0/RL)); //measured value of voltage in V +Er = EL-E0; //errorin measurement in V +p = ((EL-E0)/(E0))*100; //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("measured value of voltage = %3.3f V",EL); +mprintf("\nerror in measurement= %3.3f V",Er); +mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.3f percent low",p); + + +//================================================================================================ diff --git a/3871/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/3871/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a430fbad --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 1 example 9 + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +s = 4000; //instrument sensitivity in kΩ +R = 10; //range of scale +R0 = 20; //output resistance in kΩ +E0 = 7.5; //open circuit voltage + +//calculations +RL =s*R; //instrument resistance in kΩ +RL1 = RL*10^-3; +EL = E0/(1+(R0/(RL1))); //measured value of voltage in V +p = ((EL-E0)/(E0))*100; //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("measured value of voltage = %3.2f V",EL); +mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.2f V percentage low",p); + diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..451019d3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 1 + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 100; //voltmeter reading in V +I =0.005; //ammeter reading in A +S = 1000; //sensitivity of voltmeter in Ω per volt +v = 150; //voltmeter range in V + +//calculations +Rv = S*v; //voltmeter resistance in Ω +Rm = V/I; //apparent value of unknown resistor in Ω +y = V/(I*Rv); +x = I*(1-y); +Rx = V/x; //actual value of unknown resistor in Ω +er = ((Rm-Rx)/Rx)*100; //error due to loading effect of voltmeter in % + +//result +mprintf("apparent value of unknown resistor = %3.2f Ω",Rm); +mprintf("\nactual value of unknown resistor = %3.2f Ω",Rx); +mprintf("\nerror due to loading effect of voltmeter = %3.2f percentage",er); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9dba89a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.10/Ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 10 + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +P = 100; //resistance in Ω +Q = 100; //resistance in Ω +S = 230; //resistance in Ω +dP = 0.02; //limiting error(dP/P) in % +dQ = 0.02; //limiting error(dQ/Q) in % +dS = 0.01; //limiting error(dS/S) in % + +//calculations +R = (P/Q)*S; //unknown reistance in Ω +dR =dP+dQ+dS; //limiting error(dR/R) in % +dR1 = (dR*R)/100; +R1 = R-dR1; //limitng values of unknown resistance in Ω +R2 = R+dR1; //limitng values of unknown resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("unknown resistance = %3.0f Ω ",R); +mprintf("limitng values of unknown resistance %3.3f Ω to %3.3f Ω",R1,R2); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67bf59a64 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.11/Ex10_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 11 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +P = 1000; //resistance in arm AC in Ω +Q = 1000; //resistance in arm AD in Ω +S = 100; //resistance in arm CB in Ω +R = 101; //resistance in arm BD in Ω +Rg = 50; //galvanometer resistance in Ω +E = 2; //voltage in V + +//calculations +R1 = (Q*S)/P; //resistance required in arm BD for balance bridge +dR = R-R1; //the deviation from balanced condition in Ω +Eth = E*(((R1+dR)/(R1+dR+S))-(P/(P+Q))); //thevenin's open circuit voltage in V +Rth = (((R1+dR)*S)/(R1+dR+S))+((P*Q)/(P+Q)); //thevenin's equivalent resistance of bridge in Ω +Ig = Eth/(Rth+Rg); //galvanometer current in A + +//result +mprintf("galvanometer current = %3.3f uA",(Ig*10^6)); +mprintf("\nsince the point B is at higher potential with respect to point A ,current will floe from terminal A"); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e01478d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.12/Ex10_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 12 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +P = 100; //resistance in arm AB in Ω +Q = 1000; //resistance in arm BC in Ω +S = 2000; //resistance in arm CD in Ω +R = 202; //resistance in arm BD in Ω +Rg = 200; //galvanometer resistance in Ω +E = 5; //voltage in V +Si = 5; //current sensitivity of the galavanometer in mm/uA + +//calculations +Si1 = 5*10^9; //current sensitivity of the galavanometer in mm +R1 = (P*S)/Q; //resistance required in arm BD for balance bridge +dR = R-R1; //the deviation from balanced condition in Ω +Eth = E*(((R1+dR)/(R1+dR+S))-(P/(P+Q))); //thevenin's open circuit voltage in V +Rth = (((R1+dR)*S)/(R1+dR+S))+((P*Q)/(P+Q)); //thevenin's equivalent resistance of bridge in Ω +Ig = Eth/(Rth+Rg); //galvanometer current in A +d = Si1*Ig; //deflection of the galvanometre theta in mm +S = d/dR; //sensitivity of the bridge in mm/Ω + +//result +mprintf("galvanometer current = %3.2e A",Ig); +mprintf("\ndeflection of the galvanometre theta = %3.1f mm",(d*10^-3)); +mprintf("\nsensitivity of the bridge = %3.2f mm/Ω",(S*10^-3)); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4e69c8d3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.13/Ex10_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 13 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +P = 1000; //resistance in arm AB in Ω +Q = 100; //resistance in arm BC in Ω +R = 200; //resistance in arm BD in Ω +Si1 = 10; //sensitivity +Si2 = 5; //sensitivity +Rg1 =400; +Rg2 =100; + +//calculations +S = R*Q/P; //resistance required in arm CD in Ω +Rth = ((R*S/(R+S))+(P*Q/(P+Q))); //thevenin's equivalent resistance of bridge in Ω +//theta = (Si*E*S*dR)/((R+S)^2)*(Rth+Rg1)) +//theta2/theta1 = (Si*E*S*dR)/((R+S)^2)*(Rth+Rg1))*(((R+S)^2)*(Rth+Rg1)/(Si*E*S*dR)) +r = (Si2/Si1)*((Rth+Rg1)/(Rth+Rg2)); //ratio deflection of two galvanometer + +//result +mprintf("ratio deflection of two galvanometer = %3.3f Ω",r); +mprintf("\nthe first galvanometer (internal resistance 400 Ω and sensitivity 10 mm/uA) is less sensitive to a small unbalance on the given bridge ,through on its own it is more sensitive than the other galavanometer") diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abd99aca8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.14/Ex10_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 14 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +P = 500; //resistance in arm AB in Ω +Q = 500; //resistance in arm BC in Ω +S = 500; //resistance in arm CD in Ω +R = 500; //resistance in arm BD in Ω +Rg = 100; //galvanometer in Ω +E = 10; //battery voltage in V +Rth = 500; //thevenin's equivalent resistanceof bridge Ω +Ig = 10^-9; //galavanometer capable of detecting Ig current in A + +//calculations +//Eth = (E*dR)/(4*R); +x = E/(4*R); //thevenin or open -circuit voltage in dR +//Ig = Eth/(Rth+Rg) +y = x/(Rth+Rg); //current through galvanometer +dR = (Ig*(Rth+Rg))/x; //the smallest change in resistance that can be detected in Ω + +//result +mprintf("the smallest change in resistance that can be detected = %3.2f m Ω",(dR*10^3)); + diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0b11902f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 15 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +P = 200; //resistance in arm in Ω +Q = 200; //resistance in arm in Ω +S = 200; //resistance in arm in Ω + +R = 200; //resistance in arm in Ω +p = 0.5; //power in W +r = 2; //r is internal resistance of battery in Ω +E = 24; //voltage in V + +//calculations +//P = (I^2)*R; power disiipation in W +I = sqrt(p/R); +V = I*2*R; //the maximum voltage ,that can be appliedto the bridge in V +I1 = 2*I; //current through series resistor in A +//E = V+(2*I*(r+R) battery emf E +R1 = ((E-V)/I1)-r; //series resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("current = %3.2f A",I); +mprintf("\nseries resistance = %3.2f Ω",R1); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..664500420 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 16 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +P = 10000; //resistance in arm AB in Ω +Q = 10; //resistance in arm BC in Ω +S = 5000; //resistance in arm BD in Ω +Si = 10^8; //sensitivity +Rg =100; //galvanometer resistance in Ω +E = 12; //voltage in V +d = 2.5; //deflection in mm + + + +//calculations +R = P*S/Q; //resistance required in arm CD in Ω +Rth = ((R*S/(R+S))+(P*Q/(P+Q))); //thevenin's equivalent resistance of bridge in Ω +dR = ((d*(Rth+Rg)*((R+S)^2))/(Si*E*S)); //change in defelection in Ω + +//result +mprintf("the maximum value of resistance that can be measured with the given arrangement = %3.2f Ω",R); +mprintf("\nchange in defelction = %3.2f k Ω",(dR*10^-3)); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c7b87bce --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.17/Ex10_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//=============================================================== +//Chapter 10 Example 17 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +r = 0.0250; //resistance in Ω +R = 1.0125; //resistance in Ω +S = 1 //sensitivity +P1 = 10; //resistance in Ω +Q1 = 10; //resistamce in Ω +P2 = 9.95; //resistance in Ω +Q2 = 10.05; //resistamce in Ω +l = 100; + +//calculations +r1 = r/100; //resistance in Ω per scale division +x1 = P1/Q1; +x2 = P2/Q2; +//P/Q = (R+(l1*r))/(S+(l-l1)*r) +//(s*x)+((l-l1)*r) = R+(l1*r) +//(S*x)+(l*r)-(l1*r) = R+(L1*r) +//(S*x)+(l*r)-R = (l1*r)+(l1*r) +l1 = ((S*x1)+(l*r1)-R)/(r1+r1); //scale divisions +l12 = ((S*x2)+(l*r1)-R)/(r1+r1); //scale divisions + +//result +mprintf("hence the balance is obtainde at %3.0f and 75 scale divisions",l1); +mprintf("\nhence the balance is obtainde at %3.0f and 95 scale divisions",l12); + diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e9324cb44 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 18 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V1 = 250; //voltage in V +V2 = 92; //voltage in V +t = 60; //time in seconds +C = 600*10^-12; //capacitance in F + +//calculations +//V2 = V1*e^(t/C*R) +R = t/(C*log(V1/V2)) + +//result +mprintf("insulation resistance = %3.0f M Ω",(R*10^-6)); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9b91e560 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 19 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V1 = 100; //voltage in V +V2 = 80; //voltage in V +t = 20; //time in seconds +C = 300*10^-12; //capacitance in F + +//calculations +//V2 = V1*e^(t/C*R) +R = t/(C*log(V1/V2)) + +//result +mprintf("insulation resistance = %3.2e M Ω",(R*10^-6)); + diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dc0cec784 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 2 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +RA = 2.5; //resistance of ammeter Ω +RV = 6000; //resistance of voltmeter Ω +V = 38.4; //voltage in V +I = 0.4; //current in A + +//calculations +Rx = sqrt(RA*RV); //value of unknown resisitance in Ω +Rm = V/I; //measured value of unknown resistance in Ω +Rx1 = V/(I*(1-(V/(I*RV)))); //true value of unknown resistance in Ω +EA = (1/2)*(1/100)*1; //error on ammeter reading in A +EV = (1/2)*(50/100); //error on voltmeter reading in V +PEA = (EA/I)*100; //percentage error at 0.4 A reading in % +PEV = (EV/V)*100; //percentage error at 38.4 A reading in % +E = sqrt((PEA^2)+(PEV^2)); //error due to ammeter and voltmeter in % +AE = (E/100)*Rx1; //absolute error due to ammeter and voltmeter in Ω +R1 =Rx1+AE; //resistance in Ω +R2 = Rx1-AE; //resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("resistance is specified as %3.3f and %3.3f Ω",R1,R2); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21ceab4db --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 20 +clc;clear all; +//variable declaration +V1 = 200; //voltage in V +V2 = 126; //voltage in V +t = 30; //time in seconds +V12 = 200; //voltage in V +V22 = 100; //voltage in V + +//calculations +//let CR = a +//V2 = V1*e^(t/C*R) +a = t/log(V1/V2); //C*R +//R1 = (10*R)/(10+R) +a1 = t/log(V12/V22); //C*R1 +//a1/a =R1/R=x +x = a1/a; +//since R1 = (10*R)/(10+R) +//x*(10+R)*R = 10*R +//(x*10)+R*x = 10 +R = (10-(x*10))/x; //Resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("resistance = %3.2f M Ω",R); + diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.21/Ex10_21.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.21/Ex10_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e22cf06d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.21/Ex10_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 21 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V1 = 450; //voltage in V +V2 = 280; //voltage in V +t = 15.2; //time in minutes +t1 = 10.8; //time in minutes +C = 2.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F + +//calculations +t12 = t*60; //time in seconds +t22 = t1*60; //time in seconds +//V2 = V1*e^(t/C*R) +x = V1/V2; +y = log(x); +R = t12/(C*y); +R1 =t22/(C*y); +//R1 = t1/(C*log(V1/V2)); +//1/R` = (1/R1)-(1/R) +R11 = (R1*R)/(R-R1); //unknown resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("unknown resistance= %3.2d M Ω",(R11*10^-6)); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2cc8cb3f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 22 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +r = 250; //number of scale divisions galvanometer can read +s = 2.5; //universal shunt multiplier +r1 = 350; //number of scale reading +s1 = 1000; //universal shunt multiplier when standard resistor is connecter +S = 1000000; + +//calculations +//IR praportional to galvanometer*universal shunt multiplier +IR = r*s; //current through the circuit with unknown resistance Rconnected +Is = r1*s1; //current through the circuit with standard resistance in S +R1 = (Is/IR)*S; //insulation resistance of cable in Ω + +//result +mprintf("insulation resistance of cable = %3.2f MΩ",(R1*10^-6)); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2868167c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 23 +clc +clear all + +//variable declaration +V = 3; //battery voltage in volts +Rm = 60; //resistance in Ω +Ifm = 1.2; //full-scale deflection meter current in mA +Rh = 1500; //half-scale deflection resistance in Ω +V1 = 0.3; //at 10 % drop in battery voltage in V + +//calculations +If = V/Rh; //battery current for full-scale deflection in A +If1 = If*10^3; //battery current for full-scale deflection in mA +Ish = If1-Ifm; //current through zero adjuster resistor i.e,shunt resistor in mA +Rsh = (Ifm*Rm)/Ish; //resistance in Ω +Rse = Rh-((Rsh*Rm)/(Rsh+Rm)); //current limiting resistor i.e,series resistor +V3 = V-V1; //voltage in V +If2 = V3/Rh; //battery current at full-scale deflection in A +If21 = If2*10^3; //battery current at full-scale deflection in mA +Ish1 =If21-Ifm; //current through shunt resistor in mA +Rsh1 = (Ifm*Rm)/Ish1; //shunt resistor in Ω +Rh1 = Rse+((Rm*Rsh1)/(Rm+Rsh1)); //total internal circuit resistance in Ω +e =((Rh-Rh1)/(Rh1))*100; //percentage error in % + +//calculation +mprintf("resistance = %3.2f Ω",Rsh); +mprintf("\ncurrent limiting resistor = %3.2f Ω",Rse); +mprintf("\nshunt resistor = %3.2f Ω",Rsh1); +mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.3f percentage ",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.24/Ex10_24.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.24/Ex10_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7668dad36 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.24/Ex10_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 24 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 3; //battery voltage in volts +Rm = 2; //meter resistance in Ω +Ifm = 10; //full scale deflection meter current in mA +Rh = 0.5; //half scale deflection resistance in Ω + +//calculations +Im = 0.5*Ifm; //half-scale deflection of the movement +Vm = Im*Rm; //voltage across movement in mV +Ix = (Vm*10^-3)/Rh; //current through resistor in A +Ix1 = Ix*10^3; //urrent through resistor in mA +IB = Im+Ix1; //total battery current in mA +V1 = V-(Vm*10^-3); //voltage drop across current lo V +Rse = V1/(IB*10^-3); //current limiting resistor in Ω + +//result +mprintf("current limiting resistor = %3.1f Ω",Rse); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..42285ccc2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 3 + +clc; +clear all; + + +//variable declaration +V = 120; //voltage in V +I = 8; //current in A +RA = 0.3; //resistance in Ω +AR = 0.01; //maximum reading of ammeter in A +VR = 0.1; //maximum reading of voltmeter in V +AR1 = 10; //ammeter rane 0-10 A +AV1 = 150; //voltmeter range in 0-150 V +EA = 0.25; //constructional error of ammeter in % +EV = 0.5; //constructional error of voltmeter in % + + +//calculations +Rm = V/I; //measured value of unknown resistance in Ω +Rx = Rm-RA; //true value of unknown resistance in Ω +EA1 = (AR/AR1)*100; //reading error of ammeter in % +EV1 = (VR/AV1)*100; //reading of voltmeter in % +dI = EA+EA1; //error in ammeter reading in % +dv = EV+EV1; //error in voltmeter reading in % +d =dI+dv; //total error in % ranging - to + +R1 = Rx+d; //Value of Rx is specified as Ω +R2 = Rx-d; //Value of Rx is specified as Ω + +//result +mprintf("Value of Rx is specified = %3.3f,%3.3f Ω",R1,R2); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d1c7aef07 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 4 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +S = 0.02; //resistance of standard resistor in Ω +Vs = 0.98; //voltage drop across standard resistor in V +Vx = 0.735; //voltage drop across resistor under test in V + +//calculations +X = (S*Vx)/Vs; //Resistance of resistor under test in Ω + +//result +mprintf("Resistance of resistor under test= %3.3f Ω",X); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bd6b4cbd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.5/Ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 5 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Vx1 = 0.835; //indicated calue of voltage drop across the unknown resistance in V +emf = -25*10^-6; //thermal emf with unknown resistance in V +S = 0.10025; //resistance of standard resistor in Ω +Vs = 0.984; //voltage drop across standard resistor in V + +//calculations +Vx = Vx1-emf; +X = (S*Vx)/Vs; //Resistance of resistor under test in Ω + +//result +mprintf("unknown resistor = %3.5f Ω",X); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c518148c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 6 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable decalartion +p = 200.62; //resistance in Ω +q = 400; //resistance in Ω +P = 200.48; //resistance in Ω +Q = 400; //resistance in Ω +S = 100.03; //resistance in Ω +r = 700; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +X = ((P/Q)*S)+((q*r)/(p+q))*((P/Q)-(p/q)); + +//result +mprintf("unknown resistance = %3.4f uΩ",X); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da12a846b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 7 + + +clc;clear all; + + +//variable declaration +P = 100; //resistance in Ω +Q = 10; //resistance in Ω +S = 46; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +R = (P/Q)*S; //unknown reistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("unknown resistance = %3.2f Ω ",R); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4a7179509 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 8 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +S = 6; //resistance in Ω +AB = 25; //length of AB in cm +BC = 75; //length of BC in cm + +//calculations +R = (AB/BC)*S; //unknown reistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("unknown resistance = %3.0f Ω ",R); diff --git a/3871/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/3871/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..828615e2f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 10 example 9 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable decalartion +R =5000; //a resistance of apporximately required to balance a bridge in Ω +E = 0.1; //in per cent + +//calculations +R2 = R+(R*(E/100)); //limiting value in Ω +R1 = R-(R*(E/100)); //limiting value in Ω + +//result +mprintf("limiting value %3.0f Ω to %3.0f Ω",R1,R2); +mprintf("\nThus dials of 1000,100,10,1 Ω would have to be adjusted"); diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d26f8a1e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.1/Ex11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 11 example 1 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declartion +v = 1.0186; //emf of standard cell in volts +l = 60; //length in cm +l1 = 75; //length in cm +l2 = 66; //length in cm +l3 = 84; //length in cm +l4 = 40; //length in cm +l5 = 72; //length in cm +S = 2; //resistance in Ω +r = 100; //ratio of volt ratio box +S1 = 2.5; //resistance in Ω +I = 0.28; //ammeter reading in ampere +v1 =1.25; //voltmeter reading in volts + +//calculations +v0 = v/l; //the voltage drop per cm length of potentiometer wire in volt +V1 = v0*l1; //emf of cell which balances at 75 cm in volts +V2 = v0*l2; //emf of cell which balances at 66 cm in volts +I1 = v/S; //current flowing through 2 Ω resistance in A +V3 = v0*l3; //emf of cell which balances at 84 cm in volts +v31 = V3*r; //voltage of supply main in volts +V4 = v0*l4; //emf of cell which balances at 40 cm in volts +I4 =V4/S1; //current flowing through 2.5 Ω resistance in A +e = ((I-I4)/I4)*100; //percentage error in the ammeter reading in % +V5 = v0*l5; //emf of cell which balances at 72 cm in volts +e1 = ((v1-V5)/V5)*100; //percentage error in the voltmeter reading in % + +//result +mprintf("emf of cell which balances at 75 cm = %3.5f volts",V1); +mprintf("\ncurrent flowing through 2 Ω resistance = %3.5f A",I1); +mprintf("\nvoltage of supply main in volts = %3.5f volts",v31); +mprintf("\npercentage error in the ammeter reading = %3.1d percentage high",e); +mprintf("\npercentage error in the voltmeter reading = %3.2f percentage ",e1); + diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b04df9705 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.2/Ex11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 11 example 2 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 10; //resistance of slide wire in Ω +n = 15; //number of steps of dial +r = 10; //resistance of each dial in Ω +I = 0.01; //working current in A +N = 100; //number of divisions of slide +a = 0.2; //each division of slide can read upto a accurately of its span + +//calculations +R1 = (n*r)+R; //total resistance of potentiometer in Ω +V = I*R1; //voltage range of the potentiometer V +v = R*I; //voltage drop across slide wire V +x = v/N; //each division represents in V +y = x*a; //resolution of potentiometer in V + +//result +mprintf("resolution of potentiometer = %3.4f V",y); diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ea913838 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.3/Ex11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 11 example 3 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 400; //total resistance of slide-wire of 200 cmin Ω +L1 = 101.8; //length of slide wire in cm +L = 200; //length of wire in cm +v1 = 1.018; //voltage drop across 101.8cm length of slide wire in V +v = 3; //battery voltage in V +a = 0.2; //it is possible to read a of 1 mm + +//calculations +R1 = (R/L)*L1; //resistance of slide wire of 101.8 cm in Ω +I1 = v1/R1; //working current in A +RT = v/I1; //total resistance of battery circuit in Ω +RR = RT-R; //resistance of series rheostat in Ω +r = I1*R; //measuring range in V +//since 200cm length represents 2 V +//1 mm length represents = z +z = (r/L)*(1/10); //voltage represented for 1mm length +Ri = z*a; //resolution of instrument in mV + +//result +mprintf("working current = %3.1e A",(I1*10^3)); +mprintf("\nresistance of series rheostat = %3.2f Ω",RR); +mprintf("\nmeasuring range = %3.2f V",r); +mprintf("\nresolution of the instrument = %3.2f mV",(Ri*10^3)); diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f594688ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.4/Ex11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 11 example 4 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 0.1; //standard resistance in Ω +V2 = 0.613; //voltage drop across standard resistance in V +a = 100; +r = 0.781; //volt ration box +theta = 50.48; +theta1 = 12.6; +f = 50; //frequency in in HZ + +//calculations +I = V2/R1; //current through coil in A +V1 = a*r; //voltage drop across inductive coil in V +theta2 = theta -theta1; +L = V1*sin(theta2*180/%pi)/(2*%pi*f*I); //inducatance of coil in H + +//result +mprintf("inductance of coil =%3.2f H",L); diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f265a03e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.5/Ex11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 11 example 5 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 1; //standard resistance in Ω +V3 = 0.952-0.340*%i; //voltage through the coil in A +a = 10; //multiplying power of potential divider +V2 = 1.35+1.28*%i; //voltage across potential in A + +//calculations +x = complex([0.952,-0.342]) +y = complex([1.35,1.28]) +I = x/R1;, //current through coil in A +I = x/R1 //current through coil in A +I1 = 0.952-0.340*%i; +V1 = a*y //voltage across coil in V +V11 = 13.5+12.8*%i; +Z = V11/I1 +R = real(Z) //resistance of coil in Ω +X = imag(Z) //reactance of coil Ω + +//result +mprintf("%g + %gi\n",R,X); +mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.4f Ω",R); +mprintf("\nreactance of coil = %3.2f Ω",X); diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6bd391a01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.6/Ex11_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 11 example 6 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 1; //resistace in Ω +V2 = 0.238-%i*0.085; //voltage across standard resistor in V +P = 10; //multiplying ower of potential divider +V1 = 0.3375+%i*0.232; //voltage across potential divider in V + + + +//calculations +I = V2/R; //current through coil in A +V2 = P*V1; //voltage acrossthe coil in V +Z = V2/I; //impedance of coil in Ω +R1 = real(Z); // resistance of coil in Ω +X1 =imag(Z); //reactance of coil in Ω + +//result +mprintf("resistance = %3.2f Ω",R1); +mprintf("\nreactance = %3.3f Ω",X1); diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50a324f47 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.7/Ex11_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 11 example 7 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 1.0; //resistace in Ω +V1 = 0.8-%i*0.75; //voltage drop across the resistance in volt +V2 = 1.2+%i*0.3; //voltage across the coil in volt + +//calculations +I = V1/R1; //current through coil in A +x = (atan(imag(V1)/real(V1)))*180/%pi; +y = (atan(imag(V2)/real(V2)))*180/%pi; +phi = y-x; +a =sqrt(((real(V2))^2)+((imag(V2))^2)); +b =sqrt(((real(I))^2)+((imag(I))^2)); +V3 = a*cos(phi*%pi/180); //resistive drop the coil in V +P = a*b*cos(phi*%pi/180); //power loss in the coil in W + + +//result +mprintf("iron loss in the coil =%3.3f watt",P); diff --git a/3871/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce b/3871/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0109ff7ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH11/EX11.8/Ex11_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 11 example 8 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 0.1; //standard resistance in Ω +V1 = 0.35-%i*0.1; //voltage drop across resistance in V +V2 = 0.8-%i*0.15; //voltage across coil in V + +//calculations +I = V1/R1;, //current through coil in A +V = 300*V2; //apply voltage V +x1 = real(I); +y1 = abs(imag(I)); +V1 = sqrt((x1^2)+(y1^22)); +x = real(V); +y = imag(V); +I1 = sqrt((x^2)+(y^2)); +P = (x1*x)+(y1*y); +//pf = P/(V1*I); //power factor of the load circuit in lagging +pf = P/(V1*I1); //power factor of the load circuit in cos(phi) + +//result +mprintf("power factor of the load circuit = %3.3f lagging",pf); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b59567303 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 1 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Z1 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω +Z2 = 50; //resistance of arm in Ω +Z3 = 200; //resistance of arm in Ω +Z4 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω +theta1 = 30; //phase angle in ° +theta2 = 0; //phase angle in ° +theta3 = -90; //phase angle in ° +theta4 = 30; //phase angle in ° + +//calculations +x = Z1*Z4; //magnitude +y = Z2*Z3; //magnitude +thetax = theta1+theta4; +thetay = theta2+theta3; + +//result +mprintf("x = %3.2f",x) +mprintf("\nx = %3.2f",y); +mprintf("\nsince x =y\n'); +mprintf("\nthe first condition is satisfied'); +mprintf("\nthetax = %3.2f",thetax); +mprintf("\nthetay = %3.2f",thetay); +mprintf("\nsecond condition is not saatisfied'); +mprintf("\nIt means bridge is unbalancedthrough first condition for equality of magnitude product satisfied,obviously balance is not possible under above conditions"); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..648643c4e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.10/Ex12_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=============================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 10 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 10000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω +C4 = 1*10**-6; //capacitance in F +w = 3000; //radian per second + +//calculations + +L1 = (R2*R3*C4)/(1+((w^2)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //inductance in H +R1 = (R2*R3*R4*(w^2)*(C4^2))/(1+((w^2)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2f H",L1); +mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1); + + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2e32f2e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.11/Ex12_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=============================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 11 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 2410; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 750; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 64.9; //resistance of arm in Ω +R = 0.4; //resistance in Ω +C4 = 0.35*10^-6; //capacitance in F +f = 500; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +w = 2*(%pi)*f; //radian per second +R41 = R4+R; //resistance in Ω +L1 = (R2*R3*C4)/(1+((w)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //inductance in H +R1 = (R2*R3*R41*(w^2)*(C4^2))/(1+((w^2)*(R41^2)*(C4^2))); //resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1); +mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.4f Henry",L1); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bf50e6913 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.12/Ex12_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 12 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 834; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 64.9; //resistance of arm in Ω +R = 0.4; //resistance in Ω +C4 = 0.1*10^-6; //capacitance in F +C2 = 0.124*10^-6; //capacitance in F +f = 2000; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +L1 = R2*R3*C4; //inductance in H +R1 = (R3*C4/C2); // resistance in Ω +Z = R1+(2*%pi*f*L1)*%i; //effective impedance +Z1 = sqrt(((real(Z))^2)+(((imag(Z))^2))); +angle = (atan((imag(Z))/real(Z)))*180/%pi; + +//result +mprintf("L1 = %3.2e",L1); +mprintf("\nR1 = %3.2f",R1); +mprintf("\neffective impedance of test specimen =%3.2f Ω angle %3.2f °",Z1,angle); + + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a99b0e2b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.13/Ex12_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 13 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω +C1 = 1*10^-6; //capacitance in F +f = 1000; +r1 =10; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +W = 2*%pi*f; +C2 = (C1*R1)/(R2); //capacitance in F +r2 = ((R2*(R3+r1))-(R1*R4))/(R1); //Resistance in Ω +d1 = (W*r1*C1)*(180/%pi); //phase angle error in ° +d2 = (W*r2*C2)*(180/%pi); //phase angle error in ° + +//calculations +mprintf("phase angle error = %3.1f °",d1); +mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.1f °",d2); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..482675759 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.14/Ex12_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 14 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration + +R2 = 4.8; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 2850; //resistance of arm in Ω +C2 = 0.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F +f = 500; //frequency in Hz +r2 =0.4; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +w = 2*(%pi)*f; +C1 = C2*(R4/(R3)); //unknown capacitance in F +x =R2+r2 +r1 = (R3/R4)*(x); //resistance in Ω +D = w*C1*r1; //dissipation factor + +//result +mprintf("unknown capacitance = %3.2e uF",(C1*10^6)); +mprintf("\nresistance = %x3.2f Ω",x); +mprintf("\ndissipation factor = %3.5f",D); + + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d6f2e3f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.15/Ex12_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 15 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 309; //resistance of arm in Ω +C4 = 0.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F +C3 = 109*10^-12; //capacitance in F +f = 50; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +w =2*(%pi)*f; +Cx = (R4*C3)/(R2); //equivalent series capacitance in F +Rx = (C4*R2)/(C3); //series resistance in Ω +p = w*Rx*Cx; //power factor of the specimen (sind =tand) + + +//result +mprintf("power factor of the specimen = %3.5f",p) ; + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..585f51ad7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.16/Ex12_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 16 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable decalaration +R4 = 1000; //resistance in Ω +C3 = 50*10^-12; //capacitance in F +A = 314*10^-4; //area in m**2 +D = 0.3*10^-2; //thickness in m +er = 2.3; //dielectric constant +e0 = 8.854*10^-12; //dielectric constant +d = 9; //loss angle in ° +f = 50; +theta = 9; + +//calculations +C1 = (er*e0*A)/D; //capacitance in F +tand = tan(9*%pi/180); +cosd = cos(9*%pi/180); +w = 2*%pi*f; +R1 = 1/(w*C1*tand); //resistance in Ω +C4 = 1/((w^2)*C1*R1*R4); //variable capacitor in F +R2 = (C3*R4*(cosd^2))/(C1); //variable resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("Variable capacitor = %3.2f uF",(C4*10^6)); +mprintf("\nvariable resistance = %3.3f Ω",cosd); +mprintf("\nNote:Answer in textbooks is taken tha approximate values") + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..733e0a4c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.17/Ex12_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//chapter 12 example 17 + + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 3100; //resistance of arm in Ω +R2 = 25000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 100000; //resistance of arm in Ω +C1 = 5.2*10^-6; //capacitance in F +f = 25000; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +//C3 = C1*((R2/R4)-(R1/R3)) +//X = C1*(R2/R4) +//Y = C1*(R1/R3) +w = 2*%pi*f; +x =1/((w^2)*R1*C1); +//R3 = x/C3 +A = (C1*R2)/R4; +B = 1+(C1*R1/x); +C3 = A/B; //capcitance in uuF +R3 = x/C3; //equivalent parallel resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("equivalent parallel resistance = %3.2f K Ω",(R3*10^-3)); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c73cb20fc --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.18/Ex12_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 18 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R3 = 2000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 2950; //resistance of arm in Ω +R2 = 5; //resistance of arm in Ω +r2 = 0.4; //resistance in Ω +C2 = 0.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F +f = 450; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +r1 = (R3*(r2+R2))/R4 //resistance in Ω +C1 = ((R4/R3)*C2) //capacitance in F +tand = 2*(%pi)*f*C1*r1 //dissipation power ,C1 in uF + +//result +mprintf("resistace = %3.2f Ω",r1); +mprintf("\ncapacitance = %3.2e uF",(C1*10^6)); +mprintf("\ndissipation factor = %3.2e ",(tand)); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0e78607c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.19/Ex12_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 19 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R3 = 300; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 72.6; //resistance of arm in Ω +C2 = 500*10^-12; //capacitance in F +C4 = 0.148*10^-6; //capacitance in F +f = 50; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +Cx = (R4*C2)/(R3); //capacitance in F +Rx = (R3*C4)/(C2); //resistance in Ω +x = 2*(%pi)*f*Cx*Rx; +d = atan(x); //dielectric loss angle of bushing in ° +d1 = (d*180)/%pi; +//result + +mprintf("\ncapacitance = %3.2e uF",(Cx)); +mprintf("resistace = %3.2f KΩ",(Rx*10^-3)); +mprintf("\ndielectric loss angle of bushing = %3.3f °",d1); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..12c7efba2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.2/Ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//=================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 2 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +Z1 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +Z2 = 500; //resistance of arm in Ω +Z3 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +Z4 = 509.9; //resistance of arm in Ω +ZX4 =100+500*%i; +theta1 = -90; //angle in ° +theta2 = 0; //angle in ° +theta3 = 0; //angle in ° +theta4 = -90; //angle in ° +theta41 = 78.69; + +//calculations + +thetax = theta1+theta41; +thetay = theta2+theta3; +x = Z2*Z3; +//Z1*Z4 =Z2*Z3 +//1/Z1 = A = Z4/Z2*Z3 = Z4/x +A = ZX4/x; +//1/Z1 = 1/R1 +(w*C1)*%i +Zx3 = (Z1*Z4)/Z2; +thetax3 = theta1+theta41-theta2; +Z3 = (Zx3*cos(thetax3*%pi/180))+(Zx3*sin(thetax3*%pi/180)); + + +//result +mprintf("thetax = %3.2f °",thetax); +mprintf("\nthetax = %3.2f °",thetay); +mprintf("\nbalance can be restored by modifying the circuit so asto satisfy the phase angle condition"); +mprintf("\ncomparing equations 1 and 2 R1 = %3.2f",1/real(A)); +mprintf("\ncomparing equations 1 and 2 1/w*C1 = %3.2e",imag(A)); +mprintf("\n1/w*C1 is already equal to 1000 Ω so the bridge can be easily balanced by adding 5000 Ω accross capacitor in arm 1"); +mprintf("\nsince R3 is already of 1000 Ω so the bridge can be easily balanced by adding capacitance 200 Ω in series across in arm 3"); +mprintf("Note:there was a possibility that with the addition of resistance R1 in armm 1 as first option or with teh addition of capacitance C3 in arm 3"); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4fc9c28e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.20/Ex12_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 20 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R3 = 130; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 318; //resistance of arm in Ω +C2 = 106*10**-12; //capacitance in F +C4 = 0.35*10**-6; //capacitance in F +f = 50; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +Cx = (R4*C2)/(R3); //capacitance in F +Rx = (R3*C4)/(C2); //resistance in Ω +x = 2*(%pi)*f*Cx*Rx; //power factor + + +//result + +mprintf("capacitance = %3.2e uF",(Cx)); +mprintf("\nresistace = %3.2f KΩ",(Rx*10^-3)); +mprintf("\npower factor = %3.3f ",x); + + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.21/Ex12_21.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.21/Ex12_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4cc88b06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.21/Ex12_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 21 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +M1 = 15.9; //mutual inductance in mH +M2 = 0.1; //mutual inductance in mH +r1 = 25.9; //resistance in Ω +r2 = 12.63; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +L1 = 2*(M1-M2); //self inductance in mH +R1 = r1-r2; //resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("self inductance = %3.2f mH",L1); +mprintf("\nresistance = %3.2f Ω",R1); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.22/Ex12_22.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.22/Ex12_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..898a0dce7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.22/Ex12_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 22 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +f1 = 2*10^6; //frequency from second data in Hz +f2 = 1*10^6; //frequency from first data in Hz +C1 = 230*10^-12; //capacitance in F +C2 = 8*10^-12; //capacitance in F + +//calculations +C = C1+C2; +L = 1/((((2*(%pi)*f1)^2)*C)); //inductance in uH +Cx = 1/(((2*(%pi)*f2)^2)*L); //capacitance in pF + +//result +mprintf("inductance = %3.2f uH",(L*10^6)); +mprintf("\ncapacitance = %3.2f pF",(Cx*10^12)); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.23/Ex12_23.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.23/Ex12_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5f95a0c6c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.23/Ex12_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 23 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +f = 165*10^3; //frequency in Hz +C1 = 208*10^-12; //capacitance in F +C2 = 184*10^-12; //capacitance in F +Q1 = 80; //Q-factor +Q2 = 50; //Q-factor + +//calculations +x = C2*Q2; +y = C1*Q1; +w = 2*(%pi)*f; +Rm = (1/(w))*((1/(x))-(1/(y))); //resistive component of unknown impedance in Ω +Xm = (1/(w))*((1/C2)-(1/C1)); //reactive component of unknown impedance in Ω + + +//result +mprintf("resistive component of unknown impedance =%3.2f Ω",Rm); +mprintf("\nreactive component of unknown impedance =%3.0f Ω",Xm); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.24/Ex12_21.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.24/Ex12_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4cc88b06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.24/Ex12_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 21 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +M1 = 15.9; //mutual inductance in mH +M2 = 0.1; //mutual inductance in mH +r1 = 25.9; //resistance in Ω +r2 = 12.63; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +L1 = 2*(M1-M2); //self inductance in mH +R1 = r1-r2; //resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("self inductance = %3.2f mH",L1); +mprintf("\nresistance = %3.2f Ω",R1); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.25/Ex12_25.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.25/Ex12_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..203e64934 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.25/Ex12_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 25 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +f1 = 3; //frequency in MHz +f2 =6; //frequency in MHz +C1 = 251; //capacitance in pF +C2 = 50; //capacitance in pF + +//calculations +Cd = (C1-(4*C2))/(3); //self capacitance of the coil in uuF +//since f1 = 2f2 + + +//result +mprintf("self capacitance of the coil = %3.2f pF",Cd); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.26/Ex12_26.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.26/Ex12_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31eb0e178 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.26/Ex12_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 26 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +C1 = 1530; //capacitance in pF +C2 = 162; //capacitance in pF +f1 = 3; //frequency in MHz +f2 =1; //frequency in MHz + +//calculations +//f1 = 1/((2*math.pi)*(math.sqrt(L*(C2+Cd)))) +//f1 = 1/((2*math.pi)*(math.sqrt(L*(C2+Cd)))) +//f2 = 3*f1 +Cd = (C1-(9*C2))/(8); //self capacitance of the coil in pF + +//result +mprintf("self capacitance of the coil = %3.2f pF",Cd); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.27/Ex12_27.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.27/Ex12_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f02395a59 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.27/Ex12_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 27 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +f = 450*10^3; //resistance inHz +C = 250*10^-12; //capcaitance in F +Rsh = 0.75; //resistance in Ω + Q = 105; //Q-factor + +//calculations +w = 2*(%pi)*f; +L = 1/(((w)^2)*(C)); //inductance in uH +R = ((w*L)/(Q))-Rsh; //resistance of the coil in Ω + +//result +mprintf("inductance = %3.2f uH",(L*10^6)); + +mprintf("\n resistance of the coil = %3.2f Ω",R); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.28/Ex12_28.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.28/Ex12_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a0e33e7d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.28/Ex12_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 28 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +f = 500*10^3; //resistance inHz +C = 120*10^-12; //capcaitance in F +R = 5; //resistance in Ω +r = 0.02; //resistance across oscilltory circuit in Ω + +//calculations +w = 2*(%pi)*f; +Qt = 1/(w*C*R); //the true or effective Q of the coil +Qi = 1/(w*C*(R+r)); //the indicated or calculated Q of the coil +e = ((Qt-Qi)/(Qt))*100; //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("percentage error =%3.2f percentage ",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.29/Ex12_29.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.29/Ex12_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca70a0d51 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.29/Ex12_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 29 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +C1 = 95*10^-12; //capacitance in F +f1 = 800*10^3; //frequency in Hz +f2 = 2.5*10^6; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +w2 = 2*%pi*f; +L = 1/((w2)^2)*Cd; +L = 1/((w2)^2)*(C1+Cd) +//comparing above equations +// Cd =(((w1)**2)*C1)/((w2)**2)-(w1)**2)) +Cd =(((f1)^2)*C1)/(((f2)^2)-((f1)^2)); //capcitance in pF + +//result +mprintf("capacitance = %3.2f pF",(Cd*10^12)); diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1220a77c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.3/Ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=============================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 3 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 32.7; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 100; //resistance of arm in Ω +R = 1.36; //resistance of arm in Ω +L = 47.8; //inducatance in mH + + +//calculations +R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4))-R; //resistance of coil in Ω +L1 = (R2/(R4))*L; //in case of balanced position of bridge in mH + +//result +mprintf("Resistance pf the coil = %3.2f Ω",R1); +mprintf("\ninductance in case of balanced bridge = %3.2f mH",L1); + + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.30/Ex12_30.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.30/Ex12_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b676f21b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.30/Ex12_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 12 example 30 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +f1 = 1*10^6; //frequency in Hz +f2 = 2*10^6; //frequency in Hz +C1 = 480*10^-12; //capacitance in F +C2 = 90*10^-12; //capacitance in F +R = 10; //resistance + +//calculations +Cd = (C1-(4*C2))/3; //self capacitance of the coil in pF +Q1 = 1/(2*%pi*f1*(C1+Cd)*R); //the indicated or effective Q of the coil +Q11 = 1/(2*%pi*f1*(C1)*R); //the true Q of the first instrument +Q2 = 1/(2*(%pi)*f2*(C2+Cd)*R); //the indicated or effective Q for the second instrument +Q22 = 1/(2*(%pi)*f2*(C2)*R); //the true Q of the second instrument + +//result +mprintf("the indicated or effective Q of the coil = %3.1f ",Q1); +mprintf("\nthe true Q of the first instrument = %3.3f",Q11); +mprintf("\nthe indicated or effective Q for the second instrument = %3.3f",Q2); +mprintf("\nthe true Q of the second instrument = %3.2f",Q22); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67e819206 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.4/Ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=============================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 4 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +C4 = 0.5*10^-6; //capacitance in F + +//calculations +R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4)); //resistance of coil in Ω +L1 = C4*R2*R3; //inductance of inductor in H + +//result +mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1); +mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2f H",L1); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0396d684 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.5/Ex12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=============================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 5 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 218; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +C4 = 10*10^-6; //capacitance in F +r = 469; + +//calculations +R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4)); //resistance of coil in Ω +x = (r*(R3+R4))+(R3*R4) +L1 = (C4*R2*x)/(R2); //inductance of inductor in H + +//result +mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1); +mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2f H",L1); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3eaab29cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.6/Ex12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=============================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 6 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 400; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 400; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 400; //resistance of arm in Ω +C4 = 2*10^-6; //capacitance in F +r = 500; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4)); //resistance of coil in Ω +x = (r*(R3+R4))+(R3*R4) +L1 = (C4*R2*x)/(R3); //inductance of inductor in H + +//result +mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1); +mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2f Henry",L1); + + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5bbde399b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.7/Ex12_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=============================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 7 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 500; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +C4 = 3*10**-6; //capacitance in F +r = 100; + +//calculations +R1 = ((R2*R3)/(R4)); //resistance of coil in Ω +x = (r*(R3+R4))+(R3*R4) +L1 = (C4*R2*x)/(R4); //inductance of inductor in H + +//result +mprintf("resistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1); +mprintf("\ninductance of inductor = %3.2fHenry",L1); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..927eaf172 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.8/Ex12_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=============================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 8 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 16800; //resistance of arm in Ω +R4 = 833; //resistance of arm in Ω +C4 = 0.38*10^-6; //capacitance in F +f = 50; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +w = 2*(%pi)*f; +L1 = (R2*R3*C4)/(1+((w^2)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //inductance in H +R1 = (R2*R3*R4*(w^2)*(C4^2))/(1+((w^2)*(R4^2)*(C4^2))); //resistance in Ω + + +//result +mprintf("inductance of inductor = %3.2fHenry",L1); +mprintf("\nresistance of coil = %3.2f Ω",R1); + diff --git a/3871/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce b/3871/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5cba7301c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH12/EX12.9/Ex12_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=============================================================================== +//Chapter 12 Example 9 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R2 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R3 = 1000; //resistance of arm in Ω +R1 = 500; //resistance of arm in Ω +L1 = 0.18; //inductance in H + +//calculations +f = 5000/(2*(%pi)); //frequency in Hz +w = 2*(%pi)*f; +x = R1/((w^2)*L1); //R4*C4 be x +z = ((w^2)*(x^2)); +a = (1+z); +C4 = (L1*a)/(R2*R3); +//from 1 and 2 equations +//R4 = R4*C4/C4 = x/C4 +R4 = (x)/(C4); //resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("resistance = %3.2f Ω",R4); + diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..854c1566e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 1 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +l = 0.6; //length of solenoid in m +N = 600; //number of turns +I = 2; //current passing through solenoid in A +ur = 1; //air coiled solenoid +r = 0.025; //radius in m + +//calculations +H = (N*I)/(l); //magnetic field at the centre in AT/metre +u0 = 4*(%pi)*(10^-7); //flux +a = ((%pi)/(4))*(r^2); //area +phi = ur*u0*H*a; //flux passing through thesecondary coil + +//calculations +mprintf("magnetic field = %3.2f AT/metre",H); +mprintf("flux = %3.2e Wb",phi); diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..21bae3cdd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 10 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +d = 0.3; //diameter in m +a = 4*10^-4; //cross sectional area of iron ring in m**2 +N = 80; //number of turns on magnetising coil +Ns = 30; //number of turns on secondary coil +F = 0.1*10^-3; //flux meter constant in Wb-turn +D = 46; //deflection factor +I = 2; //current in A + +//calculations +//phi = (N*I*u0*ur*a)/l +// phi = x*l +//lat x = (N*I*u0*a)/l +l = d*%pi; +u0 = 4*(%pi)*10^-7; +x =(N*I*u0*a)/(l); +// total change in Wb-turns y = 2*phi*Ns = 2*x*ur*Ns +y = 2*x*Ns; +df = F*D; //change in flux measuredby the flux meter in wb-turns +ur =df/y; //relative permeability + +//result +mprintf("relative permeabitlity = %3.0d",ur); +mprintf("\n Note:textbook answer represents the approximate value") + diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..65e751633 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 13 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Q = 1000; //Charge passed through galvanometer in uC +theta1 = 60; +d = 10; //defelction in mm +r = 1000; //m=circular scale + +//calculations +theta2 = %pi/(3) //conversion of degrees to radians +K = Q/(theta2); //galvanometer constant in uC/radian +theta = d/(2*r); //angle turned through by reflected ray for aswing of 10 mm +Q1 = K*theta; //charge for a swing of 0.005 radian in uC + +//result +mprintf("charge for a swing of 0.005 radian = %3.2f uC",Q1); diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c5da438c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.12/Ex13_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 12 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +f = 50; //number of reversals +m = 1; //mass +d = 7.8*10**3; //density +A = 4800; //area of the loop m^3 +x = 200; //in AT/m +x1 = 10; // 1 unit in mm +y1 = 10; // 1 unit in mm +y = 0.1; //in T + +//claculations +V = m/d; //volume of magnetic material in m^3 +l = A*(x/x1)*(y/y1); +l1 = l*V*f; //hysteresis loss in watts per kg at 50 Hz + +//result +mprintf("hysteresis loss at 50 Hz = %3.3f watts per kg ",l1); diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24a319699 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.13/Ex13_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +f = 60; //supply frequency in Hz +Pi = 360; //iron loss in W +f = 60; +//Pe =6*Ph; +//Pi = Pe+Ph +//360= (6*Ph)+Ph +Ph = Pi/7; //hysteresis loss in W +Pe = Pi-Ph; //eddy current loss in W + //Ph1 = (f1/f)*Ph +Ph1 = (1/f)*Pe; //hysteresis loss in watts +//Ph1 =Ph1*f1 +//Pe1 = ((f1/f)^2)*Pe +Pe1 =((1/f)^2)*Pe; //eddy current loss +//Pe1 = Pe1*Pe +Pi1 =Ph1+Pe1; +Pi1 = 2*Pi; +//720 = 0.857*f1+(0.0857*f1^2) +f1 =86.8 + + +//result +mprintf("new supplyfrequency = %3.2f HZ",f1); diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71df4d8d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.14/Ex13_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 14 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +//Ph = A*f +//Pe = B*f^2 +//Pi = Ph+Pe +Pi = 17.2; //power in W +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +Pi1 = 28.9; //iron loss in W + +m = 13; //weight in kg + +//calculations +//17.2 = 40*A+((40)^2)*B +//28.9 = 60*A+((60)^2)*B +A = 0.326667 +B = 0.002583 +Ph = (A*f)/m //hysteresis loss per kg in W +Pe = (B*(f^2))/m //eddy current loss per kg in W + +//result +mprintf("hysteresis loss per kg = %3.2f W",Ph); +mprintf("\neddy current loss per kg = %3.3f W",Pe); + diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8dd818cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.15/Ex13_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 15 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +A = 0.5; +B = 0.01; +f = 50; +n = 10; + +//calculations +Pe = B*(f^2); //eddy current loss at 50 Hz in W +Pe1 = Pe/n; //eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz in watts + +//result +mprintf("eddy current loss per kg at 50 Hz = %3.2f watts",Pe1); diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb6052971 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.16/Ex13_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 16 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +x = 0.8; //Kf2/Kf1 +y =1.2; + +//Pe2/Pe1 = (Kf2/Kf1)^2 +p = x^2; +//Pe2 = p*Pe1; // +//p1 = (Pe1-Pe2)/Pe1; +p1 = (1-p)*100; //percentage change in hysteresis current loss +p2 = y^2; +p12 = (y-1)*100; //percentage change in hysteresis current loss +p3 =(p2-1)*100; //percentage change in eddy current loss in % + +//result +mprintf("percentage change in hysteresis current loss = %3.3f percentage decrease",p1); +mprintf("\npercentage change in hysteresis current loss = %3.3f percentage increase",p12); +mprintf("\npercentage change in eddy current loss in = %3.2f percentage increase",p3); diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.17/Ex13_17.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.17/Ex13_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..693a5f32f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.17/Ex13_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 17 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +w = 0.03; //width of plates in m +n = 51; //number of plates +t = 0.000489; //thickness in m^3 +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +Bmax = 1; +N = 600; +P1 = 3; //copper loss in watts +m = 11; //weight in kg + +//calculations +A = w*n*t; //mean area of plates in m^3 +E = 4.44*f*Bmax*A*N; //induced voltage in V +//from graph corresponding to voltage of 100 volts +P2 = 30.5; //total losses in watts +P = P2-P1; //iron loss in watts +PL = P/m; //loss per kg in watts + +//result +mprintf("iron loss per kg = %3.2f watts",PL); diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5238cb299 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 2 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +m = 100; //number of turns +n = 1000; //turns per m +theta1 = 10; //first throw in mm +theta2 = 9.5; //second throw in mm +I =10; //current in A +R = 500; // resistance in Ω +A = 0.002; //area in m**2 + +//calculations +//Q = (8*(math.pi)*(10**-7)*N*Ns*I*A)/(l*R) //in columbs +//Q = (8*(math.pi)*(10**-7)*n*l*m*I*A)/(l*R) +//Q =(8*(math.pi)*(10**-7)*n*m*I*A)/(R) +lamda = log(theta1/(theta2)); +theta = theta1*(1+(lamda/(2))); +K =(8*(%pi)*(10^-7)*n*m*I*A)/(R*theta); //galvanometer constant in C/mm + +//result + +mprintf("galvanometer constant = %3.2e C/mm",K); + diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8ec1e4a27 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 4 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +T0 = 4; //time of swing in seconds +Ig =0.001; //current in A +lamda = 0; +theta = 50; //steady deflection in scale divisions +theta1 = 220; //maximum throw in scale division +V =100; //potential of the condenser in V + +//calculations +Q = (T0/(2*%pi))*(Ig/theta)*(1+(lamda/2))*theta1; //quantity of electricity discharged in uC +C = Q/(V); //capacity of the condenser in F + +//result +mprintf("capacity of the condenser = %3.2d uF",(C*10^6)); diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c0bf2960 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 5 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +N = 1; //number of turns on search coil +Rc = 0.025; //resistance of search coil in Ω +Nw = 1.5*10^-4; //number of wb-turns required for deflection of 1 division +M = 120000; //reluctane of magnetic circuit +MMF = 8000; //magnetic circuit is excited in ampere-turn +f = 1.5*10^-4; //fluxmeter without shunt (K/N = phi/theta) +theta =120; + +//calculations +phi = (MMF/(M)); //flux produced in WB +//phi = ((Rs+Rc)/Rs)*((K*theta)/N) +Rs = (Rc*f*theta)/(phi-(f*theta)); //resistance of shunt in Ω + +//result +mprintf("resistance of shunt = %3.2e Ω",Rs); + + diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91a4c46bc --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 6 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rc = 1; //resistance in Ω +N = 5; //multiplying factor + +//calculations +//N = (Rs+Rc)/Rs +Rs = Rc/(N-1); //shunt resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("shunt resistance = %3.2f Ω",Rs); diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96ca3a745 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 7 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 180; //resistance in Ω +R2 = 20; //resistance in Ω +A = 0.005; //area in m^2 +Ns = 1000; //number of turns on search coil +G1 = 100*10^-6; //galvanometer constant C +G2 = 100; //galvanometer throw + +//calculations +Rs = R1+R2; //total resistance of secondary circuit in Ω +Q = G1*G2; //charge passed through ballistic galvanometer in C +//Q = i*t = (E/Rs)*t = ((2*phi*Ns)/(t*Rs))*t = (2*phi*Ns)/Rs +phi = (Q*Rs)/(2*Ns); //flux in Wb +B = phi/(A); //flux density in Wb/m^2 + +//result + +mprintf("flux density = %3.2f Wb/m^2",B); + diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bba9c53ce --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 8 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +d = 0.1; //diameter in m +a = 33.5*10^-6; //cross sectional area of iron ring in m^2 +Ns = 220; //number of turns on secondary coil +Nm = 320; //number of turns on magnetising winding +I = 10; //current in A +B = 2.5*10^-3; //flux in Wb +n = 102; //reading of scale +g = 272; //galvanometer throw + + +//calculations +l = (%pi)*d; //mean length of iron ring in m +H = (Nm*I)/(l); //magnetising force with 10 A current +K = B/(n); +//2*phi*Ns = K*g +phi = (K*g)/(2*Ns); //flux in Wb +B1 = phi/(a); //flux density in Wb/m**2 +u0 = 4*%pi*10^-7; +//B = u0*ur*H +x = u0*H; +//B = x*ur +//ur = B/x +ur = B1/x; //relative permeability + +//result +mprintf("relative permeability = %3.1f",ur); + diff --git a/3871/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce b/3871/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b7989bc34 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 13 example 9 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 2000; //resistance in Ω +l = 1; //mean length of iron ring in m +A = 350*10^-6; //area in m**2 +Ns = 200; //number of turns on secondary coil +G1 = 1*10^-6; //galvanometer constant C +G2 = 100; //galvanometer throw +N =100; + +//calculations +u0 = 4*(%pi)*10^-7; +H = (N*I)/(l); //magnetising force with 10 A current +Q = G1*G2; //charge passed through ballistic galvanometer in C +//Q = i*t = (E/Rs)*t = ((2*phi*Ns)/(t*Rs))*t = (2*phi*Ns)/Rs +phi = (Q*R)/(2*Ns); //flux in Wb +B = phi/(A); //flux density in Wb/m**2 +ur = (B/(u0*H)); //relative permeability + +//result +mprintf("flux density = %3.3f Wb/m**2",B); +mprintf("\nrelative permeability = %3.0f",ur); diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a9426659 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.1/Ex14_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 14 example 1 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +VREF =10; //reference voltage in V + + +//calculations +W1 = VREF/2; //the second MSB weight in V +W2 = VREF/4; //the third MSB weight in V +W3 = VREF/8 //the fourth (or LSB ) MSB weight in V +W = VREF+W1+W2+W3; //full scale output in V +r = W/4; //resolution in V + +//result +mprintf("the second MSB weight =%3.2d",W1); +mprintf("\nthe third MSB weight =%3.2d",W2); +mprintf("\nthe fourth (or LSB ) weight =%3.2d",W3); +mprintf("\nthe resolution of DAC is equal to the weight of the LSB = %3.2f V",W3); +mprintf("\nfull scale output = %3.2f V",r); diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..abae991ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.2/Ex14_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//=================================================================================== +//Chapter 14 example 2 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +D = 16; //output voltage in V + +//calculations +Dn1 = D/(2^1); //first MSB output in V +Dn2 = D/(2^2); //second MSB output in V +Dn3 = D/(2^3); //third MSB output in V +Dn4 = D/(2^4); //fourth MSB output in V +Dn5 = D/(2^5); //fifth MSB output in V +Dn6 = D/(2^6); //Sixth MSB output in V +V = Dn1+Dn2+Dn3+Dn4+Dn5+Dn6; +Vout = ((D*(2^0))+(D*(2^1))+(0*(2^2))+(D*(2^3))+(0*(2^4))+(D*(2^5)))/(2^6); //for digital input 101011 + +//result +mprintf(" first MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn1); +mprintf("\n second MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn2); +mprintf("\n third MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn3); +mprintf("\n fourth MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn4); +mprintf("\n fifth MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn5); +mprintf("\n Sixth MSB output = %3.2f V",Dn6); +mprintf("\nthe resolution is equal to the weight of the LSB = %3.2f V",Dn6); +mprintf("\nthe full scale output for digital input of 101011 =%3.2f V",V); +mprintf("\nthe voltage output for a digital input of 101011 = %3.2f V",Vout); diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa9e94930 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.3/Ex14_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 14 example 3 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration + +T = 2500; //transitions per second +t1 = 0.1; //time in s +t2 = 1; //time in s +t3 = 10; //time in s + +//calculations +C1 = T*t1; //counter can count or display +C2 = T*t2; //counter can count or display +C3 = T*t3; //counter can count or display + +//result +mprintf(" counter can count or display when 0.1 s = %3.2d",C1); +mprintf(" \ncounter can count or display when 1 s = %3.2d",C2); +mprintf(" \ncounter can count or display when 10 s = %3.2d",C3); diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2c726603 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.4/Ex14_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 14 example 4 +clc; +clear al; + +//variable declaration +N = 45; //count +t = 0.01; //gate enable time in s + +//calculations +f = N/t; //frequency in Hz + +//result +mprintf("frequency = %3.1f kHz",(f*10^-3)); diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..706237a9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.5/Ex14_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 14 example 5 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +t = 5*10^6; //time reaading in ms +t2 = 500; //time reaading in ms +x = 0.005; //accuracy in percent of reading +t3 = 500*10^3; //time reaading in ms + +//calculations +e = ((x/100)*t)+1; //maximum likely timing error in ms +e1 = ((x/100)*t2)+1; //maximum timing error in ms +a = t2*10^6; //maximum accuracy mininum error will be obtained when the time is read on the us read +e3 = ((x/100)*t3)+1; //maximum timing error in ms + +//result +mprintf("maximum likely timing error when time reading is 05000000 ms = %3.2f ms",e); +mprintf("\nmaximum timing error when time reading is 00000500 ms = %3.2f ms",e1); +mprintf("\nmaximum error when time reading is 00500000 = %3.2f ms",e3); + + + + + diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7a3474d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.6/Ex14_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 14 example 6 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +n =3; //number of full digits +v1 = 1; //voltage in V +v2 = 10; //voltage in V +v3 = 5; //voltage in V +a = 0.5; //accuracy of reading in % +r = 2; //reading in V + +//calculations +R = 1/(10^n); //resolution +V1 = R*v1; //for full scale range of 1V ,the resolution in V +V2 = R*v2; //for full scale range of 10V ,the resolution in V +v = v3*R; //the digit in least significant digit has a value of in V +e = ((a/100)*r)+v; //total possible error on in V + +//result +mprintf("for full scale range of 1V ,the resolution = %3.4f V",V1); +mprintf("\nfor full scale range of 10V ,the resolution = %3.4f V",V2); +mprintf("\ntotal possible error = %3.5f V",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6c5ff2899 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.7/Ex14_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 14 example 7 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +n =4; //number of full digits +v1 = 1; //voltage in V +v2 = 10; //voltage in V + +//calculations +R = 1/(10^n); //resolution +R1 = R*v1; //resolution on 1V range in V +R2 = R*v2; //resolution on 10V range in V + +//result +mprintf("R = %3.4f V",R); + +mprintf("\nthere are 5 digits in 4 (1/2) display digit display ,so 15.84 would display as 15.840"); +mprintf("\nR1 = %3.4f V",R1); +mprintf("\nany reading upto 4 th decimal can be displayed "); +mprintf("\nhence 0.5243 can be dislayed as 0.5243") +mprintf("\n R2 = %3.4f V",R2); +mprintf("\nany reading upto third decimal can be displayed "); +mprintf("\nhence 0.5243 can be dislayed as 0.524 instead of 0.5243"); diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b67b2880 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.8/Ex14_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 14 example 8 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +n =3; //number of full digits +v1 = 10; //voltage in V +v2 = 100; //voltage in V + +//calculations +R = 1/(10^n); //resolution +R1 = R*v1; //resolution on 1V range in V +R2 = R*v2; //resolution on 10V range in V + +//result +mprintf("R = %3.4f V",R); + +mprintf("\nthe meter cannot distinguish the values that differ from each by less than 0.001 of full scale"); +mprintf("\nR1 = %3.4f V",R1); +mprintf("\nany decimal upto second decimal can be displayed "); +mprintf("\nhence 15.45 can be dislayed as 15.45") +mprintf("\n R2 = %3.4f V",R2); +mprintf("\nany deccimal upto one decimal can be displayed "); +mprintf("\nhence 25.65 can be dislayed as 025.6 instead of 25.65"); + diff --git a/3871/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce b/3871/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63e0840bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH14/EX14.9/Ex14_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 14 example 9 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +n =4; //number of full digits +v1 = 10; //voltage in V +V1 = 1; //voltage in V +V2 =10; //voltage in V + +//calculations +R = 1/(10^n); //resolution +R1 = R*v1; //resolution on 1V range in V +R2 = R*V1; //resolution on 1V range in V for display 0.6132 V +R3 = R*V2; //resolution on 10V range in V for display 0.6132 V + +//result +mprintf("R = %3.4f V",R); +mprintf("\nR1 = %3.4f V",R1); +mprintf("\nany decimal upto third decimal can be displayed "); +mprintf("\nhence 13.97 can be dislayed as 13.970") +mprintf("\n R2 = %3.4f V",R2); +mprintf("\nany deccimal upto fourth decimal can be displayed on 1V"); +mprintf("\nhence 0.6132 can be dislayed as 0.6132 V"); +mprintf("\n R3 = %3.4f V",R3); +mprintf("\nany deccimal upto third decimal can be displayed on 10 V "); +mprintf("\nhence 0.6132 can be dislayed as 0.613 V"); + diff --git a/3871/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce b/3871/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..51910d2d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH15/EX15.1/Ex15_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 15 example 1 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Ip = 25; //power level ot the third-order intercept in dBm +M = -85; //minimum detectable signal in dBm + +//calculations +Rd = (2/3)*(Ip-M); + +//result +mprintf("dynamic range = %3.0f dB",Rd); + diff --git a/3871/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce b/3871/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b93a99266 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH15/EX15.2/Ex15_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 15 example 2 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable decalaration +N = 20; //noise figure indB +B = 1000; //bandwidth in Hz + +//calculations +x = B/(10^6); +//log(10**-3)= (-3)*log(1) = -3 +M = (-114)+((10*(-3))*(1))+N; //log(1) = 1 + +//result +mprintf("minimum detectable signal = %3.2f dBm",M); + diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..871bfb780 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.1/Ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 1 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +l = 0.025; //length of plates in m +d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m +S = 0.2; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m +Va =3000; //accelerating voltage in V +x =0.1; //trace length(2*y) in m + + +//cacualtions +//y = lSVd/(2*d*Va) +Vd = (d*Va*x)/(l*S); //deflection voltgae in V +Vrms = Vd/(sqrt(2)); //rms value of sinusoidal voltage applied to the X-deflecting plates in V +Sd = (l*S)/(2*d*Va); //deflection voltage in mm/V + +//result +mprintf("rms value of sinusoidal voltage applied to the X-deflecting plates = %3.2d V",Vrms); +mprintf("\ndefelection sensitivity = %3.3f mm/V",(Sd*10**3)); diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a90c0ffdb --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.10/Ex16_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 10 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declartion +wy = 3; //positive Y-axis in pattern +wx = 2; //positive X-axis in pattern + +//calculations +f =wy/(wx); //frequency of vertical and horizontal signal + +//result +mprintf("frequency of vertical and horizontal signal = %3.1f",f); + diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ba92250d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.11/Ex16_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 11 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +y1 = 2; //positive y- peaks in pattern +y2 = 0.5; //positive y-peaks in pattern +x1 = 0.5; //positive x-peaks in pattern +x2 = 0.5; //positive x-peaks in pattern +F = 3; //frequency of horizontal voltage signal in kHz + +//calculations +fx = x1+x2; //frequency of X +fy = y1+y2; //frequency of Y +f = fy/(fx); +fv = f*F; //frequency of vertical voltage signal in kHz + +//Result +mprintf("frequency of vertical voltage signal in = %3.1f kHz",fv); + diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00cff751f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.12/Ex16_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 12 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +fx = 1000; //frequency of horizontal input in Hz +Pv = 2; //pointsof tangency to vertical line +Ph = 5; //pointsof tangency to horizontal line + +//calculations +fy = fx*(Ph/(Pv)); //frequency ofvertical input in Hz + +//result +mprintf("frequency ofvertical input = %3.2f Hz",fy); diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c97bd8e65 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.13/Ex16_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 13 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +d = 1; //1 division is equal to 1 cm +M = 0.4; //mark in cm +S = 1.6; //mark in cm +A = 2.15; //amplitude in cm +t = 10; //time-base control setting in us +p = 0.2; //amplitude control setting + +//calcculations +R = M/S; //mark to space ratio +T = (M+S)*t; //time for mark and space in divisions +f = 1/T; //pulse in frequency kHz +P = A*p; //magnitude of pule voltage in V + +//Result +mprintf("mark-to-space ratio = %3.2f",R); +mprintf("\npulse frequency = %3.2f kHz",f); +mprintf("\nmagnitude of pulse voltage = %3.2f V",P); + + diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bedf5701 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.2/Ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 2 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +l = 0.02; //length of plates in m +d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m +S = 0.3; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m +Va =2000; //accelerating voltage in V +Y =0.03; //trace length in m + + +//cacualtions +//y = lSVd/(2*d*Va) +Vd = (d*Va*x)/(l*S); //deflection voltgae in V +Vrms = Vd/(sqrt(2)); //rms value of sinusoidal voltage applied to the X-deflecting plates in V +Vin = Vrms/(Vd); //input voltage required in V + +//result +mprintf(" nput voltage required = %3.3f V",Vin); diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a7e5a575c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.3/Ex16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 3 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Va = 1000; //accelerating voltage in V +e = 1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron in C +m = 9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron in kg + + +//calcuations +V = sqrt(2*Va*(e/m)); //maximum velocity of electrons in m/s + +//result +mprintf("maximum velocity of electrons = %3.3e m/s",V); + diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8d4988f81 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.4/Ex16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 4 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Va = 2000; //accelerating voltage in V +e = 1.6*10^-19; //charge of electron in C +m = 9.1*10^-31; //mass of electron in kg +l = 0.015; //length of plates in m +d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m +S = 0.5; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m + +//calcuations +V = sqrt(2*Va*(e/m)); //beam speed in m/s +Sd = (l*S)/(2*d*Va); //deflection sensitivity of the tube in mm/V +D = 1/(Sd); //defelection factor in V/mm + +//result +mprintf("Beam speed = %3.3e m/s",V); +mprintf("\ndeflection sensitivity of the tube %3.3f mm/V",(Sd*10^3)); +mprintf("\ndefelcction factor = %3.4f V/mm",(D*10^-3)); + diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3e3bef30 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.5/Ex16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 5 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +l = 0.02; //length of plates in m +d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m +S = 0.2; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m +Va = 2500; //accelerating voltage in V + +//calculations +Sd = (l*S)/(2*d*Va); //deflection sensitivity of the tube in mm/V + +//result +mprintf("deflection sensitivity of the tube %3.2f mm/V",(Sd*10^3)); + diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e3eb0ae54 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.6/Ex16_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 6 + +clc;clear all; + +//varable declaration +l = 2.5; //length of plates in cm +d = 1; //distance between plates in cm +theta = 1; //angular defelecction of electron beam in degrees +Va = 1000; //accelerating voltage in V + +//calculations +//tan(theta) = l*Vd/(2*d*Va) +x = tan(((theta*%pi)/180)); +Vd =(( 2*d*Va)/(l))*x; //required voltage in V + +//result +mprintf("Voltage required across the deflection plates = %3.2f V",Vd); + diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a58186e8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.7/Ex16_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 7 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaartion +l = 0.025; //length of plates in m +d = 0.005; //distance between plates in m +S = 0.2; //the distance between the screen and centre of plates in m +Va = 2500; //accelerating voltage in V + +//calculations +//y = (s*(d/2))/(l/2) +y = (S*d)/(l); //defelction in m + +//result +mprintf("deflection= %3.2f m",y); diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82d4b3558 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.8/Ex16_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 8 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +//as shown in patern is straight line +dvo = 0; +Dv = 6; +//pattern is ellipse +dvo1 = 3; +Dv1 =6; +//pattern is circle +dvo2 = 1; +Dv2 = 1; +//pattern is ellipse +dvo3 = 3; +Dv3 =5; + +//calculations +y4 =dvo1/(Dv1); +phi1 = asin(dvo/(Dv)); //phase angle in degrees +phi2 = asin(dvo1/(Dv1)); //phase angle in degrees +phi3 = asin(dvo2/(Dv2)); //phase angle in degrees +phi4 = asin(dvo3/(Dv3)); //phase angle in degrees +phi22 = 180-((phi2*180)/(%pi)); +phi44 = 180-((phi4*180)/(%pi)); + +//result + +mprintf("phase angle = %3.2f °",((phi1*180)/%pi)); +mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f ° or %3.2f °",((phi2*180)/%pi),(phi22)); +mprintf("\nbut from figure ellipse is inn 2nd and fourt quarterso the valid value of phase angle is %3.2f °",phi2); +mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f °",((phi3*180)/(%pi))); +mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f° or %3.2f °",(((phi4*180)/%pi)),(phi44)); +mprintf("\nbut from figure ellipse is inn 2nd and fourt quarterso the valid value of phase angle is %3.2f °",phi44); + + diff --git a/3871/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce b/3871/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f56e39d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH16/EX16.9/Ex16_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//===================================================================================== +//Chapter 16 example 9 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +f = 2000; //frequency in Hz +D = 0.2; //duty cycle + +//calculations +T = 1/(f); //time period in ms +d = D*T; //pulse duration in ms + +//result +mprintf("pulse duration = %3.2f ms",(d*10^3)); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb2112613 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 1 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +Am = 10.25; //measured value in Ω +A = 10.22; //True value in Ω + +//calculations +dA = Am-A; //absolute error in Ω + +//result +mprintf("abslotue error = %3.2f Ω",dA); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..567b91878 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 10 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 100; //resistance in Ω +dR = 0.2; //resistancce error in Ω(ranging + to -) +I = 2; //current in A +dI = 0.01; //error in current in A(ranging + to -) + +//calaculatons +eR = (dR/(R))*100; //percentage limiting error to resistance in %(ranging + to -) +eI = (dI/(I))*100; //percentage limiting error to current in %(ranging + to -) +P = (I^2)*R; //power dissioation in W +eP = (2*eI)+eR; //worst ossible combination of errors the limiting error in the power dissipation in % +p = (eP*10^-2)*P; //error in power in watts +P1 = P+p; //power dissipation in W +P2 =P-p; //power dissipation in W + +//result +mprintf("limiting error = %3.2f percentage',eP); +mprintf("\npower dissipation %3.2f W %3.2f W",P2,P1); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..114fa25cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 11 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 200; //full-scale reading i V +n = 100; //number of divivsions of scale + +//calculations +n1 = V/(n); //1 scale division in V +R = n1/(5); //1/5 th of scale division in V + +//result +mprintf("resolution = %3.2f V",R); diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0119b6f19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 12 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +u = 150; //capacitance in uF +du = 2.4; //capacitance in uF +v = 120; //capacitance in uF +dv = 1.5; //capacitance in uF + +//calculations +y = u+v; //resultant capacitance when capacitors are connectedd in parallel in uF +dy = du+dv; //limiting error in uF(ranging + to -) +er = (dy/(y))*100; //relative limiting error in %(ranging + to -) + +//result +mprintf("limiting error of the resultant capacitance = %3.2f percentage',er); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c76ab75c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 13 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 1000; //resistance in Ω +R2 = 500; //resistance in Ω +eR1 = 1; //error resistance +eR2 = 1; //error resistance + +//calculations +R = (R1*R2)/(R1+R2); //resistance in Ω +X = R1*R2; +Y = R1+R2; +dX = (eR1+eR2); //error in X +//dY = (dR1/Y)+(dR2/Y); +//dY = (R1/Y)*(dR1/R1)+((R2/Y)*(dR2/R2) +dY = ((R1/(Y))*(eR1))+((R2/(Y))*(eR2)); //error in Y +eP = dX+dY; //percentage error in equivaent parallel resistance in % +e = R*(eP/(100)); //error(maximum ossible) in equivalent parallel resistance in Ω + + +//result +mprintf("percentage error = %3.2f percentage",eP); +mprintf("\nerror in equivalent parallel resistance = %3.2f Ω",e); diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ceb1d0b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 14 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 200; //resistancce in Ω +R2 = 100; //resistancce in Ω +R3 = 50; //resistancce in Ω +dR1 = 5; //change in resistancce(dR1/R1) in % +dR2 = 5; //change in resistancce(dR2/R2) in % +dR3 = 5; //change in resistancce(dR3/R3) in % +y1 = 20000; +y2 = 5000; +y3 = 10000; + + +//calculations +Rse = R1+R2+R3; //equivalent resistance in Ω +R = ((R1/(Rse))*(dR1))+((R2/(Rse))*(dR2))+((R3/(Rse))*(dR3)); +e = Rse*(R/(100)); //relative limiting error of series equivalent in Ω +X = R1*R2*R3; +Y = (R2*R3)+(R1*R3)+(R1*R2); +RP = X/(Y); //equivalent resistance in Ω +eX = dR1+dR2+dR3; //error in X in % +dy1 = dR1+dR2; //error(dy1/y1) n y1 in % +dy2 = dR2+dR3; //error(dy2/y2) in y2 in % +dy3 = dR3+dR1; //error(dy3/y3) in y3 in % +eY = ((y1/(Y))*(dy1))+((y2/(Y))*(dy2))+((y3/(Y))*(dy3)); //percentage error in % +pemax = eX+eY; //percentage error (maximum possible) in equivalent parallel resistance in % +emax = RP*(pemax/(100)); //error maximum possible in equivalent parallel resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("equivalent resistance = %3.2f Ω",Rse); +mprintf("\nrelative limiting error of series resistance = %3.2f percentage",R); +mprintf("\nrelative limiting error of series equivalent = %3.2f Ω",e); +mprintf("\npercentage error (maximum possible) in equivalent parallel resistance= %3.2f percetage",pemax); +mprintf("\nerror maximum possible in equivalent parallel resistance =%3.4f Ω',emax); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3161d5be4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 15 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable decelaration +er = 0.015; //limiting error +V = 100; //range of voltmeter in V +I = 150; //range of ammeter in mA +V1 = 70; //magnitude of voltage being measured in V +I1 = 80; //magnitude of current being measured in mA + +//calculations +dV = er*V; //magnitude(dV/V of limiting error of the voltmeter in V +eV = (dV/(V1))*100; //percentage(dI/I) limitng error at this voltage in % +dI = er*I; //magnitude of limitng error off the ammeter in mA +eI = (dI/(I1))*100; //percentage limitng error at this current in % +P = V1*(I1/(1000)); //power in W +dPx = eV+eI; //relative limiting error(dPx/Px) in power measurement in % + +//result +mprintf("relative limitng error in power measurement= %3.4f percentage",dPx); diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bdebb00e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 16 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +E =200; //limiting voltage in V +R = 1000; //resistance in Ω +eE = 1; //relative limiting error(dE/E) in % +eR = 5; //relative limting error(dR/R) in % + +//calculations +P = (E**2)/(R); //normal power consumed in W +eP = ((2*eE)+eR); //relative limiting error(dP/P) in measurement of power in % +dP = P*(eP/(100)); //limitng error of power in watts + +//result +mprintf("Normal power consumed = %3.2f W",P); +mprintf("\nrelative limitng error in power measurement= %3.2f percentage rangng +eP to -eP",eP); +mprintf("\nlimitng error of power = %3.2f percentage",dP); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2623a1f4b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 17 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R1 = 500; //resistance in Ω +R2 = 615; //resistance in Ω +R3 = 100; //resistance in Ω +dR1 = 1; //limiting error(dR1/R1) in % +dR2 = 1; //limiting error(dR1/R1) in % +dR3 = 0.5; //limiting error(dR1/R1) in % + +//calculations +R4 = (R1*R2)/(R3); //unknown resistance in Ω +dR4 =dR1+dR2+dR3; //relative error of unknown resistance in % ranging - to + +e = R4*(dR4/(100)); //limitng error in Ω + +//result +mprintf("unknown resistance = %.2f Ω",R4); +mprintf("\nrelative error of unknown resistance ranging - to + = %3.2f percentage ",dR4); +mprintf("\nlimitng error = %3.2f Ω",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..251db7ea3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.18/Ex3_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 18 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declartaion +r = 0.5*10^-3; //in mm +p1 = 200; //in Pa +p2 = 150; //in Pa +Q = 4*10^-7; //in m**3/s +l = 1; //length in m +dr = 0.01; +dp1 = 3; +dp2 = 2 +dQ =0 +dl =0; + +//calculations +u = ((%pi)*((r^4)*((p1*10^3)-(p2*10^3)))/((8*Q*l))); //absolute error inkr/m-s +er = (dr/((r/(10^-3))))*100; //dr/r in % +ep1 = (dp1/(p1))*100; //dp1/p1 in % +ep2 = (dp2/(p2))*100; //dp2/p2 in % +eQ = (dQ/(Q))*100; //dQ/Q in % +el = (dl/(l))*100; //dl/l in % +p = p1-p2; //dp/p in Pa +ep = (((p1/(p))*(ep1))+(p2/(p))*(ep2)); //percentage error in % anging - to + +eu = (4*er)+(ep+eQ+el); //percentage error in % ranging - to + +ua = u*(eu/100); //absolute error in kg/m-s + +//result + +mprintf("absolute error = %3.3e kg/m-s",u); +mprintf("\nxabsolute error = %3.2e kg/m-s",ua); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52c203443 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.19/Ex3_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 19 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +C = 1*10^-6; //capacitance in F +dC = 1; //error capacitance in % +P = 1000; //resistance in Ω +dP = 0.4; //error in resistance in % +Q = 2000; //resistance in Ω +dQ = 1; //error in resistance in % +S = 2000; //resistance in Ω +dS = 0.5; //error in resistance in % +r = 200; //resistance in Ω +dr = 0.5; //error in resistance in % + +//calcukations +Lx = ((C*P)*((r*(Q+S))+(Q*S)))/(S); //unknown inductance in Henry +u =Q+S; //in Ω +du = ((Q/(u))*(dQ))+((S/(u))*(dS)); //percentage error in % +v = r*(Q+S); +dv = dr+du; //percentage error of v in % +x = Q*S; +dx = dQ+dS; //percentage error of x in % +y = (r*(Q+S))+(Q*S); +dy = ((v/(y))*(dQ))+((x/(y))*(dx)); //percentage error in % +dLx = dC+dP+dS+dy; + +//result +mprintf("unknown inductance = %3.2f henry",Lx); +mprintf("\npercentage error on inductance = %3.1f percentage",dLx); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fe9cebb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +Am = 25.34; //measured value in watts +dA = -0.11; //absolute error in watts + + +//calculations +A = Am-dA; //True value in wtts + +//result +mprintf("abslotue error = %3.2f watts",A); diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c087da9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.20/Ex3_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 20 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 100; //resistance in Ω +dR = 5; // error (dR/R) in % +L = 2; //inductance +r = 50; +dL = 10; // error (dl/L) in % + +//calculations +u = R**2; +du = 2*dR; //percentage error(du/u) in % +v = ((2*(%pi)*(r))**2)*(L**2); +dv =2*dL; //percentage error(dv/v) in % +x = u+v; +dx =((u/(x))*(du))+((v/(x))*(dv)); //percentage error(dx/x)in % +Z = sqrt(x); +dZ = dx/(2); //uncertanity (dZ/Z) in % + +//result +mprintf("uncertanity in the measurement = %3.3f percentage",dZ); diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebc84c89a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.21/Ex3_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 21 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +x1 = 49.7; //voltage in V +x2 = 50.1; //voltage in V +x3 = 50.2; //voltage in V +x4 = 49.6; //voltage in V +x5 = 49.7; //voltage in V +n =5; + +//ccalculations +x =(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5)/(5); //arthimetic mean +d1 =x-x1; //deviation +d2 =x-x2; //deviation +d3 =x-x3; //deviation +d4 =x-x4; //deviation +d5 =x-x5; //deviation +d = (d1**2)+(d2**2)+(d3**2)+(d4**2)+(d5**2); +sigma = sqrt(d/(n-1)); //standard devation + +//result +mprintf("arthimetic mean = %3.2f ",x); +mprintf("\nstandard deviation = %3.3f",sigma); + + + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d31c698e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.22/Ex3_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 22 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +x1 = 41.7; //voltage in V +x2 = 42; //voltage in V +x3 = 41.8; //voltage in V +x4 = 42; //voltage in V +x5 = 42.1; //voltage in V +x6 = 41.9; //voltage in V +x7 = 42.5; //voltage in V +x8 = 42; //voltage in V +x9 = 41.9; //voltage in V +x10 = 41.8; //voltage in V +n =10; + +//ccalculations +x =(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10)/(10); //arthimetic mean +d1 =x-x1; //deviation +d2 =x-x2; //deviation +d3 =x-x3; //deviation +d4 =x-x4; //deviation +d5 =x-x5; //deviation +d6 =x-x6; //deviation +d7 =x-x7; //deviation +d8 =x-x8; //deviation +d9 =x-x9; //deviation +d10 =x-x10; //deviation +d = (d1^2)+(d2^2)+(d3^2)+(d4^2)+(d5^2)+(d6^2)+(d7^2)+(d8^2)+(d9^2)+(d10^2); +sigma = sqrt(d/(n-1)); //standard devation +r = 0.6745*sigma; //probable error of one reading + +//result +mprintf("arthimetic mean = %3.2f ",x); +mprintf("\nstandard deviation = %3.3f",sigma); +mprintf("\nprobable error of ne reading = %3.3f",r); + + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7fef867ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.23/Ex3_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 23 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +x1 = 41.7; //voltage in V +x2 = 42; //voltage in V +x3 = 41.8; //voltage in V +x4 = 42; //voltage in V +x5 = 42.1; //voltage in V +x6 = 41.9; //voltage in V +x7 = 42.5; //voltage in V +x8 = 42; //voltage in V +x9 = 41.9; //voltage in V +x10 = 41.8; //voltage in V +n =10; + +//ccalculations +x =(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10)/(10); //arthimetic mean +d1 =x-x1; //deviation +d2 =x-x2; //deviation +d3 =x-x3; //deviation +d4 =x-x4; //deviation +d5 =x-x5; //deviation +d6 =x-x6; //deviation +d7 =x-x7; //deviation +d8 =x-x8; //deviation +d9 =x-x9; //deviation +d10 =x-x10; //deviation +d = (d1**2)+(d2**2)+(d3**2)+(d4**2)+(d5**2)+(d6**2)+(d7**2)+(d8**2)+(d9**2)+(d10**2); +sigma = sqrt(d/(n-1)); //standard devation +r = 0.6745*sigma; //probable error of one reading +rm = r/(sqrt(n-1)); //probable error of mean in V +R = x7-x1; //range in V +//result +mprintf("arthimetic mean = %3.2f",x); +mprintf("\nstandard deviation = %3.3f",sigma); +mprintf("\nprobable error of one reading = %3.3f",r); +mprintf("\nprobable error of mean = %3.5f V',rm); +mprintf("\nRange = %3.2f V',R); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e1e96f424 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.24/Ex3_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 24 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +x1 = 1.570; //voltage in V +x2 = 1.597; //voltage in V +x3 = 1.591; //voltage in V +x4 =1.562; //voltage in V +x5 =1.577; //voltage in V +x6 = 1.580; //voltage in V +x7 = 1.564; //voltage in V +x8 = 1.586; //voltage in V +x9 = 1.550; //voltage in V +x10 = 1.575; //voltage in V +n =10; + +//ccalculations +x =(x1+x2+x3+x4+x5+x6+x7+x8+x9+x10)/(10); //arthimetic mean +d1 =x1-x; //deviation +d2 =x2-x; //deviation +d3 =x3-x; //deviation +d4 =x4-x; //deviation +d5 =x5-x; //deviation +d6 =x6-x; //deviation +d7 =x7-x; //deviation +d8 =x8-x; //deviation +d9 =x9-x; //deviation +d10 =x10-x; //deviation +D =(abs(d1)+abs(d2)+abs(d3)+abs(d4)+abs(d5)+abs(d6)+abs(d7)+abs(d8)+abs(d9)+abs(d10))/(n); +d = ((d1^2)+(d2^2)+(d3^2)+(d4^2)+(d5^2)+(d6^2)+(d7^2)+(d8^2)+(d9^2)+(d10^2)); +sigma = sqrt(d/(n-1)); //standard devation +r = 0.6745*sigma; //probable error of one reading +v = sigma^2; +rm = r/(sqrt(n-1)); //probable error of mean in V + +//result +mprintf("arthimetic mean = %3.3f",x); +mprintf("\naverage deviation = %3.3f gramme",D); +mprintf("\nstandard deviation = %3.5f gramme*2",sigma); +mprintf("\nprobable error of one reading = %3.5f gramme",r); +mprintf("\n variance= %3.3e gramme^2",v); +mprintf("\nprobable error of mean = %3.4f gramme",rm); diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f96ec025 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 2 + +clc;clear all; + + +//variable declaration +Am = 205.3*10**-6; //measured value in Ω +A = 201.4*10**-6; //True value in Ω + +//calculations +e0 = Am-A; //absolute error in Ω +r = (e0/(A))*100; //relative error in % + +//result +mprintf("abslotue error = %3.2e F ",e0); +mprintf("\nrelative error = %3.2f percentage",r); diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..03aa19196 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 4 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +ep = 5; //percentage error +Am = 20; //measuredd value in H + +//calculations +er = ep/(100); //relative error +//A = Am+dA +//dA = er*Am +A = Am*(1+er); //limiting value of inductance in H +A1 = Am*(1-er); //limiting value of inductance in H + +//result +mprintf("limits of inductance =%3.2f H",A); +mprintf("\n and = %3.2f H",A1); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13bbea96e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 5 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +er = 1.5*10^-2; //accuracy +A1 = 10; //current in A +A2 = 2.5; //current in A + +//calculations +dA = er*A1; //magnitude of limiting error of the instrument +er1 = dA/(A2); //magnitude of current +A11 = A2*(1+er1); //current in A +A12 = A2*(1-er1); //current in A +er2 = (dA/(A2))*100; //limiting error in % + +//result +mprintf("limiting values of current =%3.2f A and %3.2f",A11,A12); +mprintf("\nlimiting error = %3.1f percentage',er2); + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb2f9fd2a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 6 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +e = 0.01; //acuuracy +v = 150; //voltage in V +v1 = 83; // measured voltage in V + +//calculations +dV = e*v; //magnitude of the limiting error of the instrument in V +er = (dV/(v1))*100; //percentage limiting error at v1 voltage in % + +//result +mprintf("limmiting error in case of 83V is = %3.2f percentage',er); diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d482a921a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 7 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +er = 0.01; // limiting error +P = 1000; //power in watts +P1 = 100; // true power in watts + +//calculations +dP = er*P; //magnitude of instrument error of the instrument watts +eP = (dP/(P1))*100; //percentage limiting error at 100 W power in % + +//result +mprintf("percentage limiting error at 100 W power = %3.2f percentage',eP);; + diff --git a/3871/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3871/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4aba39803 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH3/EX3.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 3 example 9 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +v = 110.2; //voltage drop in V +i = 5.3; //current in A +v1 = 0.2; //uncertainity in measurements in V +i1 = 0.6; //uncertanity in measurments in A + +//calculations +erv = (v1/(v))*100; //limiting error to voltage drop in %(ranging + to -) +eri = (i1/(i))*100; //limitng error in currrent in %(ranging + to -) +P = v*i; //power dissipated in the resistor in W +eP = (erv+eri); //limting error in the power dissipation in %(ranging + to -) +p = eP*P*10^-2; //power with limiting error in W +e = erv+eri; //limiting error in power dissipation +P1 = P+p; //power dissipation is given in W +P11 = P-p; //power dissipation is given in W + +//result +mprintf("power dissipated = %3.2f W',P); +mprintf("\nlimiting error in the power dissipation = %3.1f percentage",e) +mprintf("\nuncertanity in power ranging in %3.2f W to %3.2f",P11,P1); diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f0bd68ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 4 example 1 +clc; +clear all; + + +//variable decalartion +L =0.4; //length of the strip in m +W = 0.0005; //width of the strip in m +t = 0.00008 //thickness in m +E = 1.2*10^10; //young's modulus in kg/m**2 +d = 90; //deflection in degrees + +//calucaltions +theta = %pi/(2); //deflection in radians +T = ((E*W*(t^3))/(12*L*2))*(%pi); //torque exerted in Kg-m + +//result + +mprintf("torque exerted T = %3.2e Kg-m",T); diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..240800e10 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 4 example 2 +clc; +clear all; + + +//variable decalartion +W = 0.005; //controlling weight in Kg +L = 0.024; //length in m +Td = 1.05*10**-4; //deflecting Torque in kg-m + +//calculations +x = Td/(W*L); +//Td = W*L*sin(theta) +theta = asin(x); +theta1 = (theta*180)/(%pi); + +//result +mprintf("deflection = %3.0f °",theta1); diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3cba3b18 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 4 example 3 + +clc; +clear all; + + +//variable decalartion +Smax = 3.0*10^6; //maximum stress in kg/m**2 +E = 1.2*10^10; //young's modulus in kg/m**2 +w = 0.0006; //width of spring in m +Td = 1.2*10^-4; //deflecting torque in kg-m +d = 90; //deflection in degrees + +//calucaltions +theta = %pi/(2); //deflection in radians +//since T = ((E*W*(t*3))/(12*L))*theta +//t^3/l = (12*Tc)/(E*W*theta) +Tc = Td/(2); //controlling torque of each spring in kg-m +//x = t**3/l +x = (12*Tc)/((E*w*theta)); //equqation 1 +//y =l/t +y = (E*theta)/(2*Smax); //equation 2 +//by multiplying equations 1 and 2 (x*y =t**2 =z) +z = x*y; +t = sqrt(z); //thickness of spring strip in mm +l = y*t; //length on m + +//result +mprintf("thickness of spring strip = %3.2f mm",(t*10^3)); +mprintf("\nlength in = %3.2f m",l); diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f01e491a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 4 example 4 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +theta1 = 90; //deflection in ° +x = 0.5; //I2/I1 + +//calculations +//Td proprtional to I +//theta proprtional to I +theta2 = theta1*(x); //deflection for the current equal to the half of the current in spring controlled instrument in ° +//Tc proprtional to sin(theta) +//sin(theta) proprtional to I +y = sin((%pi/(2))) +theta21 = asin(x*y); //deflection for the current equal to the half of the current in gravity controlled instrument in ° +theta22 = (theta21*180)/(%pi); + +//result +mprintf("deflection for the current equal to the half of the current in spring controlled instrument = %3.2f °",theta2); +mprintf("\ndeflection for the current equal to the half of the current in gravity controlled instrument = %3.2f °",theta22); + diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a83c3e258 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 4 example 5 +clc; +clear all; + + +//variable decelaration +theta1 = 90; //deflection in ° +I1 = 10; +I2 =5; + +//calculations +//Td proprtional to I^2 +//Theta proprtional to I^2 +theta2 = theta1*((I2/(I1))^2); //deflection for I1 A spring controlled instrument in ° +//Tc proprtional to sin(theta) +//sin(theta) proprtional to I**2 + +x = (I2/((I1))) +theta21 = asin(x**2)*(sin(%pi/(2))); //deflection for I1 A Gravity controlled instrument in ° +theta22 = (theta21*180)/(%pi); + +//result +mprintf("deflection for I1 A spring controlled instrument = %3.2f °",theta2); +mprintf("\ndeflection for I1 A Gravity controlled instrument = %3.1f °",theta22); diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..22896cc90 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 4 example 6 + +clc; +clear all; + +//Variable declaration +I1 = 10; //current in A +theta1 = 60; //deflection in ° +theta2 = 40; //deflection in ° + + +//calculations +I2 = (I1)*(theta2/(theta1)); //current in case spring controlled ammeter in A +x = sin(((theta2*%pi)/(180))); +y = sin((theta1*%pi)/(180)); +I21 = (I1)*(x/y); //current in case gravity controlled ammeter in A + + +//result +mprintf("current in case spring controlled ammeter = %3.2f A",I2); +mprintf("\ncurrent in case gravity controlled ammeter = %3.2f A",I21); + diff --git a/3871/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3871/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..177295b7a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 4 example 7 + +clc; +clear all; + + +//variable declaration +Td = 1.13*10^-3; //defelecting torque in Nm +m = 5*10^-3; //weight in kg +g = 9.81; //gravity +theta = 60; //deflection in ° + +//calculations +d = Td/(m*g*sin(((theta*%pi)/(180)))); //distance of the controlling weight from spindle in mm + +//result +mprintf("distance of the controlling weight from spindle = %3.1f mm",(d*10^3)); + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b65775617 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 1 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +K = 24*10^-6; //spring constant in Nm/radian +I = 5; //current in A + +//calculations +//L = 20+10*theta - 2*(theta^2) +//partial differentiate w.r.t to theta +//dL/dtheta = x = 10- 4*theta +//dL/dtheta = 2*K*theta/(I^2) +//x = 10-4*theta +//y = theta/x +y = ((I^2)/(2*K))*10^-6; +theta = (10*y)/(1+(4*y)); //defelction for current in radians +theta1 = ((theta*180)/(%pi)); + +//result + +mprintf("deflection = %3.1f °',theta1); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8ee25f32 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 10 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 400; //resistance in Ω +V = 150; //voltmeter reading in V +I = 0.05; //current in A +alphac = 0.004; //temperature coefficient of copper +alphas = 0.00001; //temperature coefficient of eureka +f = 100; //frequency in Hz +L = 0.75; //inductance in H + + +//calculations +//R1 = R+r; +R1 = V/(I); //total reistance in Ω +r = R1-R; //swamping resistancein Ω +R11 = (R*(1+alphac))+(r*(1+alphas)); //total resistance for 1° C rise in temperature in Ω +e = ((R11-R1)/(R1))*100; //percentage rise in resistance per degree rise in temperature +W = 2*%pi*f*L; //inductive reactance in Ω +Z = sqrt((R1^2)+(W^2)); //impedance in Ω +v = V*(R1/(Z)); //reading indicated on 100 Hz in V + + +//result +mprintf("R1 =%3.0f",W); +mprintf("percentage rise in resistance per degree rise in temperature = %3.4f percentage",e); +mprintf("\nreading indicated on 100 Hz= %3.1f V",v); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b47481e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 11 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 300; //voltage in V +R = 12000; //coil resistance in Ω +B = 6*10^-2; //flux density in Wb/m**2 +l = 0.04; //length in m +r = 0.03; //width in m +N = 100; +Tc = 25*10^-7; //torque in Nm per degree + +//calculations +i = V/(R); //current in A +Td = N*B*i*l*r; //deflecting Torque in Nm +//Tc=Td; +//Tc =(25*10^-7)*theta +theta = Td/(Tc); //defelction in ° + +//result +mprintf('defelction = %3.0f °",theta); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7b933ed3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 12 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 0.1; //voltage in V +R = 200; //coil resistance in Ω +B = 0.2; //flux density in Wb/m^2 +l = 0.03; //length in m +r = 0.025; //width in m +N = 100; +Tc = 25*10^-7; //torque in Nm per degree +theta = 100; //deflaction in ° +p = 1.7*10^-8; //specific resistance of coil in Ω-m +d = 30; +d1 = 25; + + +//calculations +i = V/(R); //current in A +Td = N*B*i*l*r; //deflecting Torque in Nm +K = Td/(theta); //control constant of spring in N-m +l = (d+d1)*2*100*10^-3; //length of copper coil in m +R1 = (R*20)/(100); +a = (p*l)/(R1); //area of x-section of copper wire inm^2 +D = sqrt((4*a)/(%pi)); //diameter of wire in mm + +//result + +mprintf("diameter fo wire = %3.3f mm",(D*10^3)); + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7d9e3799 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 13 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V1 = 50*10^-3; //voltage in V +I1 = 5; //current in A +I2 = 10; //current in A +v1 =4; +v2 =4.2; + +//calculations +//v1 = (r+R1)*I1 +//v1 = (r+R1)*I2 +//since potential difference is same in both cases +//v1= v2 +R1 = V1/(I1); +R2 = V1/(I2); +r = ((v2*R2)-(v1*R1))/(v1-v2); +v = (r+R1)*v1; //potential difference in V +I = v/(r); //current when neither meter in the circuit in A + +//result +mprintf("current when neither meter in the circuit = %3.2f A",I); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca30e2483 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 14 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 250; //voltage in V +RA = 100; //resistance in Ω +RB = 400; //resistance in Ω +x = 0.005; //error in measuring voltage in + + +//calculations +I = V/(RA+RB); //current flowing through resistance in A +VB = I*RB; //potential drop acreoss resitance in V +//Req = RA+((r*RB)/(r+RB)) +//Ieq =V/Req = V/ RA+((r*RB)/(r+RB)) +//Ieq = (V*(r+RB))/((RA*(r+RB))+(r*RB)) +//V1 = Ieq*(r*RB)/(r+RB) +// V1 = (V*(r+RB))*(r*RB))/((r+RB)*((RA*(r+RB))+(r*RB))) +//V1 = (V*r*RB)/((r+RB)*((RA*(r+RB))+(r*RB))) +//V1 = (200*r)/(80+r) +V1 = VB*(1-x); //voltage measured with 0.5% error +r = (V1*80)/(200-V1); //solving equations we get minimum resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("minimum resistance = %3.2f Ω",r); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f5d5172e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 15 +clc;clear all; + +//variable decalartaion +C = 1*10**-7; //spring torsion constant in N-m/degree +I = 10; //current in A +theta = 110; //full-deflection in ° +L1 = 2*10**-6; //initial inductance in uH + +//calculations +Td =C*theta; //full-scale deflceting torque in N-m +//dM/dtheta =x +x = Td/(I^2); +theta1 = ((theta*%pi)/(180)); //converstion of radians to degrees +dM = x*theta1; //change in inductance in uH +M = L1+dM; //total inductance in uH + +//result + +mprintf("total inductance = %3.3f uH",(M*10^6)); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1a9867903 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 16 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +theta = 90; //full-deflection in ° +Td = 0.4*10^-4; //full-scale deflecting torque in Nm +I = 0.05; //current in A +M = 0.25; //initial inductance in H +V = 50; //voltage in V +I = 0.05; //current in A +f =50; //frequency in Hz +V2 = 25; +R = 1000; + + +//calculations +//dM/dtheta = x +x = (Td/(I^2)); //change in inductance in H +dM = (Td/(I^2))*((theta*%pi)/(180)); //change in inductance in H +M1 = M+dM; //total mutual inductance in H +R = V/(I); //the resistance of voltmeter in Ω +Z =sqrt((R**2)+((2*%pi*f*M1)**2)); //toatal impedance in Ω +V1 = (V/(Z))*R; //voltmeter reading in V +d = V-V1; //difference in reading in V +I1 = V2/(R); //current through instrument in A +theta1 = ((theta*%pi)/(180))*((I1/(I))^2); //defelction +M2 = M+(x*theta1); //total mutual inductance in H +Z1 = sqrt((R**2)+((2*%pi*f*M2)**2)); //toatal impedance in Ω +V21 = (V2*R)/(Z1); //voltmeter reading in V +d1 = V2-V21; //difference in voltmeter reading in V + +//result +mprintf("impedancewhile measuring the voltage = %3.3f Ω",Z1); +mprintf("\ndifference in reading = %3.1f V",d); +mprintf("\ndifference in reading when 25v is used = %3.2f V",d1); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff796d7be --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 17 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +theta1 = 90; //defelction in ° +theta2 = 360; //defelction in ° +theta3 = 180; //defelction in ° +I1 = 30; //current in A +I4 = 25; //current in A + +//T is proportional to I**2 +//T is proportional to theta +//theta is proportional to math.sqrt (I) +//calculations +I2 = I1*sqrt((theta2/(theta1))); //current corresponding to deflection of 360 ° +I3 = I1*sqrt((theta3/(theta1))); //current corresponding to deflection of 180 ° +theta4 = theta1*((I4/I1)^2); //defelction corresponding tocurrent of 25 A + +//result +mprintf("current corresponding to deflection of 360 ° = %3.2f A",I2); +mprintf("\ncurrent corresponding to deflection of 180 ° = %3.2f A",I3); +mprintf("\ndefelction corresponding tocurrent of 25 A = %3.2f °",theta4); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96122312f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//============================================================= +//Chapter 5 example 18 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +p = 80; +q = 60 + +//i = 80-60*sqrt(2)*sin(theta+%pi/6) +//i^2 = x = (80)^2)-((2*80*60*sqrt*sin(theta+(%pi/6))0^2)+((80^2)*(sin(theta+(%pi/6))^2)) +//x =a-b*(sin(theta+(%pi/6))^2)+(c)*(sin(theta+(%pi/6))^2) +//x = (80)^2)-((2*80*60*sqrt*sin(theta+(%pi/6))0^2)+(((80^2)/2)*(1-(cos(theta+(%pi/6))^2)) +//x = a-(b*sin(theta+(%pi/6)))+(c/2)-cos(theta+((pi/6)^2)) + a = p^2; + b =(2*(q^2)*(sqrt(2))); + c = (q*sqrt(2))^2; + //x = (1/2*%pi)*{(integral(x*dtheta))}(0-2*%pi) + //applying integration + y =(a+(c/2)); + x = (1/%pi)*y*(%pi); //Irms^2 + Irms =sqrt(x); //reading in A + + + //result + mprintf("electrodynamometer instrument indicates the rms value of the current therefore the dreading will be equla ") + mprintf("Irms = %3.2f A",Irms); + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b81b35f24 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 19 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +L = 150; //length of working wire at room temperature in mm +alpha = 16*10^-6; //coefficient of linear expansion +T = 85; //temperature in ° C +Si =1; //initial sag in mm +//calculations +dL = alpha*L*T; //increase in length of the wire when gets heated through 85 ° C in mm +M = sqrt(L/(2*dL)); //magnification with no intial sag +S = sqrt((L*dL)/(2)); //Sag in mm +Sn = S-Si; //net increase in Sag in mm +M1 = Sn/(dL); //magnification with initial Sag of 1 mm + +//result +mprintf("magnification with no intial sag = %3.2f",M); +mprintf("\nSag = %3.2f mm",S); +mprintf("\nnet increase in Sag =%3.2f mm",Sn); +mprintf("\nmagnification with initial Sag of 1 mm = %3.2f",M1); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..be3b32475 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 2 + +clc;clear all; + +//Variable declaration +I = 5; //current in A +d = 30; //deflection +I2 = 10; + +//calculations +//L = 10+5*theta - 2*(theta^2) //inductancein uH +//partial differentiate w.r.t to theta +//dL/dtheta = x = 5- 4*theta +//dL/dtheta = 2*K*theta/(I^2) +//x = 10-4*theta +theta = %pi/(6); +K = (((5-(4*theta))*10^-6)*(I^2))/(2*theta) //spring constant in Nm/radian +x = ((2*K)/(I2^2))*10^6; +theta2 = (5)/(x+4); + +//result + +mprintf("spring constant = %3.4e Nm/radian",K); +mprintf("\ndeflection for 10 A current = %3.3f radian",theta2); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7d7f8f75 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 20 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +L = 170; //length of the wire in mm +dL = 0.2; //increase in length in mm +L1 =100; //length of the second wire in mm + +//calculations +S = sqrt((L*dL)/(2)); //Sag in mm +S1 = sqrt((L1*S)/(2)); //Sag in mm +M = S1/(dL); //magnification + +//result +mprintf("magnification = %3.1f",M); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..57f4f44e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//============================================================= +//Chapter 5 example 21 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +I = 10; //current in A +//e = (alpha*(dt))+(b(dt^2))= alpha*dt +//dt = (K1*(I^2)*R) +//theta = K2*e +//theta = K2*e = K2*K1*alpha*dt = K2*K1*alpha*(I^2)*R +//thetaF = K3*(I^2) +//K3 = (thetaF)/(I^2); +x = 1/(I^2); +mprintf("K3 = %3.2f *thetaf",x); +//K3 =thetaF*x +mprintf("\ntheta = theatF/3"); +//I = sqrt((thetaF/3)*((K3))) +//I = sqrt((thetaF/3)/K3) +I =sqrt((1/3)*((1/x))) + + +//result +mprintf("\ncurrent = %3.2f A",I); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8f2d0168d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 22 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration + Irms = 32; //measured reading reading in A + Ir = 30; //rectifier ammeter reading in A +Ks = 1.11; //form factor for sinusoidal wave + +//calculations +Iav = Ir/(Ks); //average value of current under measurement in A +e = ((Irms)/(Iav)); //percentage errror in % + +//result + +mprintf("form factor = %3.3f ",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9231163c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 23 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration + Ir = 2.22; //measured reading reading in A +Ks = 1.11; //form factor for sinusoidal wave + +//calculations +Iav = Ir/(Ks); //average value of current under measurement in A +Imax = 2*Iav; //peak value of current in A +Irms = Imax/(sqrt(3)); //RMS value of current in +e = ((Ir-Irms)/(Irms))*100; //percentage errror in % + +//result +mprintf("peak value of current = %3.2f A",Imax); +mprintf("\nRMS value of current = %3.3f A",Irms); +mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.2f percentage(low)",e); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69c71a8ae --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 24 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Iav = 40*10^-3; //average value of current in mA +Ks = 1.11; //assuming form factor for sinusoidal wave +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +V = 10^5; //voltage in V + +//calculations +Irms = Iav*Ks; //RMS value of current in A +//Irms = V/Xc = 2*%pi*f*C*V +C = Irms/(2*%pi*f*V); //capacitance to be connected in pF + +//result + +mprintf("capacitance to be connected = %3.0f pF",(C*10^12)); + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..00c4205d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.25/Ex5_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 25 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Emax = 200; //emf of peak value in V +R = 10; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +Imax = Emax/(R); //peak value of current in A +Iav = (2*Imax)/(%pi); //reading of moving -coil ammeter in A +Irms = Imax/(sqrt(2)); //reading of moving -iron ammeter in A + +//result +mprintf("reading of moving -coil ammeter = %3.2f A",Iav); +mprintf("\nreading of moving -iron ammeter = %3.2f A",Irms); +mprintf("\nreading of hot-wire ammeter = %3.2f A",Irms); + + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7674d1771 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.26/Ex5_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//============================================================= +//Chapter 5 example 26 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +Vmax = 100; //maximum value of applied voltage in V +R = 2; //resistance in Ω + + +//calculations +Imax = Vmax/R; //maximum value of current flowing through instruments in A +mprintf("x = (Imax^2)*((sin(theta))^2)"); +//Irms = sqrt((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(x*dtheta))}(0-%pi)) +Irms = sqrt(((Imax^2)/(2*%pi))*((%pi/2))); +mprintf("\n y = (Imax*sin(theta))"); +//Iav = sqrt((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(y*dtheta))}(0-%pi) +Iav = Imax/%pi; + + +//result +mprintf("\nthe hot-wire ammeter reads rms value = %3.2f A",Irms); +mprintf("\nmoving coil ammeter reads average value = %3.2f A",Iav); + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..63e5bf63a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.27/Ex5_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//============================================================= +//Chapter 5 example 27 + +clc; +clear all; + + +//variable declaration +//V = (5*sin(theta))+(0.6*sin(3*theta))\ + +a = 5; +b = 0.6; +rd = 35; //resistance in Ω +ra = 30; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +R = (3*rd)+ra; //resitance in Ω +//i = v/R +//i = (5*sin(theta)/R)+(0.6*(sin(3*theta)/R)) +x1 = a/R; +y1 =b/R; +//i = (x1*sin(theta))+(y1*sin(3*theta)) +//Iav = ((1/%pi)*{(integral(i*dtheta))}(0-%pi))) +//Iav = (1/%pi)*((0.5*sin(theta))-(0.006/3)*(cos(3*theta))) +//solving above equation we get (1/%pi)*(1) +p = (-0.05*((cos((180*%pi/180))-cos(0))))-((0.002*((cos(3*180*%pi/180))-cos(3*0)))); +z = (1/%pi)*p; //average value in mA + + +//result +mprintf("average value reading of PMMC ammeter = %3.1f mA",(z*10^3)); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..408b88c76 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.28/Ex5_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +//============================================================= +//Chapter 5 example 28 + +clc; +clear all; + + +//variable declaration +V = 230; //RMS value of voltage applied in volts +r1 = 115; //resistance in Ω +r2 = 115; //resistance in Ω +r3 = 575; //resistance in Ω + + + +//calculations +Vmax =230*sqrt(2); +R1 =r1+r2; //resiatance in one directions in Ω +R2 =r2+r3; //resiatance in other directions in Ω +Imax1 = Vmax/R1; //current(maximum value) in one direction in A +Imax2 = Vmax/R2; //current(maximum value) in other direction in A +//Iav = Iav1-Iav2 +//x = (Imax1*sin(theta)) +//Iav = ((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(x*dtheta))}(0-%pi))) +//y = (Imax2*sin(theta)) +//Iav = ((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(y*dtheta))}(0-%pi))) +z1 =-((cos(180*%pi/180))-cos(0)) +z2 = -((cos(180*%pi/180))-cos(0)) +A = ((Imax1*z1)-(Imax2*z2)); +Iav = A/(2*%pi); +//x1 = (Imax1*sin(theta))^2 +//I1 = ((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(x1*dtheta))}(0-%pi))) +//y1 = (Imax2*sin(theta))^2 +//I2 = ((1/2*%pi)*({(integral((1-cos(2*theta))/2*dtheta))}(0-%pi)))-{(integral((1-cos(2*theta))/2*dtheta))}(0-%pi))) +//Irms= I1+I2 +//Irms = ((1/2*%pi)*{(integral(y1*dtheta))}(0-%pi))) +Z1 =-((cos(2*180*%pi/180))-cos(180*%pi/180)); +Z2 = -((cos(2*180*%pi/180))-cos(180*%pi/180)); +Irms1 = (((Imax1^2)/(2*2*%pi))*(%pi-0))+(((Imax2^2)/(2*2*%pi))*(%pi-0))-Z1+Z2 +Irms =sqrt(Irms1); +P = (1/2)*(((V^2)/R1)+((V^2)/R2)); +Irms11 = 1; +Irms22 = 1/3; +Pd = (((Irms11^2)*r2)+((Irms22^2)*r3))/2; + + +//result +mprintf("Iav = %3.2f A",Irms1); +mprintf("\npower taken from the mains = %3.2f",P); +mprintf("\npower dissipated in rectifying device =%3.2f W",Pd); + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.29/Ex5_29.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.29/Ex5_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..76d4b1606 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.29/Ex5_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//============================================================= +//Chapter 5 example 29 + +clc; +clear all; + + +//variable declaration +V1 = 1000; //potential of vane in volts + +//calculations +//v = VA-VB +mprintf("theta 10 S D"); +mprintf("\ntheta praportional to Tt praportional to 2*V1*V") +mprintf("\n10 praportional to 2 praportional to 1000"); +mprintf("\ndividing above expressions ") +v = (10/25)*(2500/2000); + +//result +mprintf("v = %3.2f volt",v); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e53bdfa7c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 3 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 500; //resistance in +r = 2000; //non inductive resistance in +V = 250; //voltage in V +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +L = 1; //inductance in H + + +//calculations +x = (r+R)^2; +W = (2*%pi*f*L)^2; +Z =sqrt(x+W); //impedance of the instrument circuit +I = V/(Z); //current drawn by instrument in A +I2 = V/(R+r); //since voltmeter reads correctly on dc supply on 250 V,corresponding current in A +V1 = V*(I/(I2)); //voltmeter reading when connected to 250V ,50Hz supply + +//result +mprintf("voltmeter reading = %3.1d V",V1); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.30/Ex5_30.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.30/Ex5_30.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a9beade97 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.30/Ex5_30.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 30 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +d = 0.08; //diameter in m +D = 0.004; //distance between plates in m +F = 0.002; //force in Newton + +//calculations +e0 = 8.85*10^-12; //permittivity in N +A = (%pi/4)*(d^2); //area of the plates in m**2 +x = (F*2*(D^2))/(e0*A); +V = sqrt(x); //potential diference in V + +//result +mprintf("potential diference = %3.1f V",V); +mprintf("\nNote:final answer in textbook is wrong printed") diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.31/Ex5_31.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.31/Ex5_31.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3daf51b9f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.31/Ex5_31.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 31 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +d = 0.1; //diameter in m +F = 0.005; //force in Newton +V = 10000; //potential diference in V +e0 = 8.85*10^-12; //permittivity in N +d2 = 26.4*10^-3; //distance between plates in mm +d1 = 25.4*10^-3; //distance between plates in mm + +//calculations + +A = (%pi/4)*(d^2); //area of the plates in m**2 +x = sqrt((e0*A)/(2*F)); +d2 = x*V; //distance between plates in mm +//C = e0*A/d +x1 = 1/d1; +x2 = 1/d2; +C = e0*A*(x1-x2); //change in capacitance in uF + +//result +mprintf("change in capacitance due to change in distance between plates from 26.4 to 25.4 mm = %3.2f u uF",(C*10^12)); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.32/Ex5_32.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.32/Ex5_32.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f39316092 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.32/Ex5_32.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 32 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +K = 0.0981*10^-6; +theta = 80; //full scale of deflection in ° +V = 1000; //voltage in V +C = 10*10^-12; //capacitance in F + +//calculations +//x =dC/dtheta = (2*K*theta)/V^2 +x = (2*K*theta)/V^2; //rate of change of capacitance +dC = x*(theta/180)*%pi; +C1 = C+dC; + +//result +mprintf("capacitance when reading 1kV = %3.3e F",C1); + + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cec96d0d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.33/Ex5_33.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 33 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +//x = dC/d(theta) +//Td = (1/2)*(V^2)*(dC/d(theta)) +x = 0.5*10^-12; //dC/d(theta) in pF/degree +y = 1.5*10^-12; //dC/d(theta) in pF/degree +T = 8*10^-6; //torison constant in Nm +N1 =100; +N2 =35; + +//calculations +x1 = x*(180/%pi); //dC/d(theta) in pF/radian +y1 = y*(180/%pi); //dC/d(theta) in pF/radian +//Td = Tc = T*N*(%pi/180) +Td = T*N1*(%pi/180); //deflecting torque in N-m +V1 = sqrt((2*Td)/x1); //voltage required in V +Td1 = T*N2*(%pi/180); //deflecting torque in N-m +V2 = sqrt((2*Td1)/y1); //voltage required in V + +//result +mprintf("voltage deflection at 100 = %3.0f V",V1); +mprintf("\nvoltage deflection at 100 = %3.0f V",V2); + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.34/Ex5_34.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.34/Ex5_34.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..31c29cd5f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.34/Ex5_34.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 34 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +e0 =8.854*10^-12; +d =0.05; +er = 1; +a = 0.25; +V1 = 12000; //voltage in V +V2 = 32000; //voltage in V + + +//calculations +//x-x0 = (1/2)*((V^2)/k)*(dc/dx) +//C =(2*e0*er*A)/d +//dC =(2*e0*er*a*x)/d +// y = dC/dx = (2*e0*er*a)/d +y = (2*e0*er*a)/d; +X1 = 0.25/4; +// A =x1+x01 = (1/2)*((V1^2)/k)*(dc/dx) +X2 = 0.25/2; +//B = x2+x01 = (1/2)*((V2^2)/k)*(dc/dx) +//C = B/A =(V2/V1)^2 +C = (V2/V1)^2; +x01 = (X2-(C*X1))/(1-C); +k = ((1/2)*((V1^2))*(y))/(X1-x01); +X3 = (3/4)*0.25; +V = sqrt(((X3-x01)*2*k)/y); //voltage in V + +//result +mprintf("voltage required to pull the plate three quarte way in = %3.3f KV",(V*10^-3)); + + + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.35/Ex5_35.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.35/Ex5_35.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..24af63b2a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.35/Ex5_35.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 35 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +e = 8.85*10^-12; +V = 10000; //voltage in V +r = 40*10^-3; //radius in m + +//calcaulations +d = (4/2)*10^-3; //voltage in V +theta = (100)*(%pi/180); +k = (2.5*e*(r^2)*(V^2))/(d*theta); + +//result +mprintf("spring constant = %3.3e Nm per radian",k); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.36/Ex5_36.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.36/Ex5_36.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7b307de90 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.36/Ex5_36.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 36 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +theta1 = 105; //deflection in ° +I1 = 20; //current in A +I2 = 20; //current in A +f1 = 50; //frequency in Hz +f2 = 75; //frequency in Hz + + +//calculations +theta = (theta1)*((I2/I1)^2)*(f2/f1); + +//result +mprintf("deflection of the instrument while measuring 20 A = %3.1f °",theta); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.37/Ex5_37.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.37/Ex5_37.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..795c1454b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.37/Ex5_37.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 37 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +V1 = 240; //voltage in V +theta1 = 300; // defelection in ° +theta2 = 180; // defelection in ° + +//calculations +//T praportional to V^2/Z)*(f*cos(alpha)*(sin(beta))) +//T praportional V^2 +//theta praportional to V^2 +V2 = V1*sqrt(theta2/theta1); + +//result +mprintf("voltage for deflection of 180° =%3.0f° ",V2); diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9653f766d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 4 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Vac = 500; //voltage in V +Iac = 0.1; //current in A +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +L = 0.8; //inductance in H +Vdc = 300; //voltage in V +Z =5000; + +//calculations +W = 2*(%pi)*f*L; +R = (sqrt((Z^2)-(W^2))); //resistance in Ω +Idc = Vdc/(R); //instrument current in A +V = (Vac/(Iac))*(Idc); //Reading of instrument when connected to 300V in V + +//result +mprintf("Reading of instrument when connected to 300V = %3.1f V",V); + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8103c1ffe --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//======================================================== +//chapter 5 example 5 +clc;clear all; + +//variable decalaration +Iac = 0.1; //current in A +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +L = 0.8; //inductance in H +Vac = 300; //voltage in V +V = 200; //true value in V + +//calculations +XL = 2*%pi*f*L; //instrument reactance in Ω +Z = Vac/(Iac); //instrument impedance in Ω +R1 = sqrt((Z^2)-(XL^2)); //instrument resistance(R+r) in Ω +Idc = V/(R1); //instrument current when connected to 200V dc supply +V1 = (Idc*Vac)/(Iac); //reading of the instrument when connected to 200V dc supply +e = ((V1-V)/(V))*100; + +//result +mprintf("percentage error = %3.2f percentage",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aad9838c6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//============================================================= +//Chapter 5 example 6 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 50; //resistance of the magnetic coil in Ω +Rt = 500; //resistance in Ω +L = 0.09; //inductance of the voltmeter in H +f = 50; +I = 1; + + +//calculations +r = Rt-R; //swamping resistance in Ω +X = (2*%pi*f*r)^2; +Y = L*x; +Y1 = I*L; +//L = C*r^2/(I+w^2*C^2*r^2) +//C*r^2 = L*I+L*w^2*C^2*r^2 +//C*r^2 =y1+x*(C^2) +//x*(C^2)-C*r^2+y1; +a = X; +b = -r^2; +c = Y1; +x = (-b-sqrt((b^2)-(4*a*c)))/(2*a); //we consider the positive value + + + +//result +mprintf("swamping resistance = %3.2e",x); + + + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e2885ed6d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 7 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 50; //resistance of the magnetic coil in Ω +Rt = 500; //resistance in Ω +L = 0.09; //inductance of the voltmeter in H + +//calculations +r =Rt-R; +C = (L/(r^2)); //capacitance to be placed in u F + +//result +mprintf("capacitance to be placed to make the instrument read correctly bot dc as well as ac = %3.3fe uF",(C*10^6)); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06cf9acfc --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 8 +clc;clear all; + +//variable decalaration +Td = 4*10^-5; //full-scale defelcting torque in N-m +I = 10; //full-scale current in A + +//calculations +//Td = (1/2)*(I^2)*(dL/dtheta); +//dL/dtheta = x +x = (2*Td)/(I^2); + +//result +mprintf('rate of change of selfinductance = %3.1f uH/rad",(x*10^6)); + diff --git a/3871/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3871/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5fa635988 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 5 example 9 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +//dL/dtheta = x +y = 2.3*10^-6; +Td1 = 5*10**-7; +t = 52; + +//calculations +x = y*(180/%pi); +Td = Td1*t; +//Td = (1/2)*(I**2)*(dL/dtheta); +I = sqrt((Td*2)/(x)); //current in A + +//result +mprintf("current = %3.2f A",I); + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8c952ce3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 1 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +Im = 50*10^-6; //full scale deflection current in A +Rm = 1000; //instrument resistance in Ω +I = 1; //total current to be measured in A + +//calculations +Rs = (Rm/((I/(Im))-1)); //resistance of ammeter in Ω + + +//result +mprintf("resistance of ammeter shunt required Rs = %3.7f Ω",Rs); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..301e16ada --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 10 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +alpha0 = 0.0043; +t1 = 25; //temperature in °C +t2 = 45; //temperature in °C +e = 1.1; //percentage error in % + +//calculations +R1 = ((1+(alpha0*t2))/(1+(alpha0*t2))); +//r1 = R1*r +//I2 = V/r1+R +//e = (I1-I2)/100 +//I2 = 0.989I1 +//I2 = V/1.0776r+R +//I1 = V/R+r +//V/(1.0776r+R) = 0.989V/R+r +//R/r = 5.96 +x = 5.96; + +//result +mprintf("R/r= %3.2f",x); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7185446c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 11 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rm1 = 1000; //resistance of ammeter of A1 in Ω +Rs1 = 0.05; //resistance of shunt connected across ammeter A1 in Ω +Rm2 = 1500; //resistance of ammeter of A2 in Ω +Rs2 = 0.02; //resistance of shunt connected across ammeter A2 in Ω +I =10; //current in A + +//calculations +//in normal connecetion +I1 = (Rs1/(Rs1+Rm1))*I; //current through in A +I2 = (Rs2/(Rs2+Rm2))*I; //current through in A +//when shunts are interchanged +I11 = (Rs2/(Rs2+Rm1))*I; //current through in A +I12 = (Rs1/(Rs1+Rm2))*I; //current through in A +A1 = (I11/(I1))*I; //current through ammeter in A +A2 = (I12/(I2))*I; //current through ammeter in A + +//calculations + +mprintf("reading of ammeter A1 = %3.0d A",A1) +mprintf("\nreading of ammeter A2 = %3.0f A",A2); + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5b79b80f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 12 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rv = 2400; //resistance in Ω +L =0.6; //instrument inductace in H +f = 60; //frequency in Hz + +//calculations +XL = 2*%pi*f*L; //instrument reactance in Ω +Z = sqrt((Rv^2)+(XL^2)); //instrument impedance in Ω +//when the instrument range is extended from 120V to 600V the impedance will have to be made 5 times in order to have the same current +//math.sqrt((RV**2)+XL^2) = 5*Z +x = (5*Z)^2; +y = XL^2; +z = x-y; +a = (sqrt(z)); +R = a-Rv; //series resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("instrument reactance = %3.1f Ω",XL); +mprintf("\nseries resistance = %3.2f Ω",R); + + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b37087a45 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 13 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Cv = 70*10^-12; //capacitance in F +V =10000; //electrostatic measurement in V +Vv = 100; //reading in V + +//calculations +Vc = V-Vv; //voltage across series capacitor in V +//since the capacitors are connected in series ,te charge on each is same +//Vv*Cv = Vc*C +C = (Vv*Cv)/(Vc); //capacitance in uuF + +//result +mprintf("capacitance of the condenser = %3.4f uuF ",(C*10^12)); + + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44f02a118 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 14 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rm =40; //resistance in Ω +Im = 1; //current in mA +I1 = 10; //current in mA +I2 = 20; //current in mA +I3 = 30; //current in mA +I4 = 40; //current in mA +I5 = 50; //current in mA + +//calculations +R1 = Rm/(((I1/(Im)))-1); +R2 = (R1+Rm)/(((I2/(Im)))); +R3 = (R1+Rm)/(((I3/(Im)))); +R4 = (R1+Rm)/(((I4/(Im)))); +R5 = (R1+Rm)/(((I5/(Im)))); +r1 = R1-R2; //resistance in Ω +r2 = R2-R3; //resistance in Ω +r3 = R3-R4; //resistance in Ω +r4 = R4-R5; //resistance in Ω +r5 = R5; //resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("resistance of various section of the ayrtons shunt are = %3.4f Ω , %3.4f Ω , %3.4f Ω, %3.4f Ω, %3.4f Ω ",r1,r2,r3,r4,r5); + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ea9c1d7a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.15/Ex6_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 15 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Si = 0.1*10^-3; //current sensitivity in mA +Rm = 500; //meter resistance in Ω +V1 = 10; //full -scale voltage in V +V2 =50; //volage range in V +V3 =100; //volage range in V +V4 =500; //volage range in V + +//calculations +Sv = (1/(Si))*10^-3; //voltage sensitivity in Ω/V +Rm1 =500*10**-3; //Rm in kΩ +RT1 = Sv*V1; //total resistance required in kΩ +R1 = RT1-Rm1; //additional resistance in kΩ +RT2 = Sv*V2; //total resistance required in kΩ +R2 = RT2-Rm1-R1; //additional resistance in kΩ +RT3 = Sv*V3; //total resistance required in kΩ +R3 = RT3-Rm1-R2-R1; //additional resistance in kΩ +RT4 = Sv*V4; //total resistance required in kΩ +R4 = RT4-Rm1-R1-R2-R3; //additional resistance in kΩ + +//result +mprintf("additional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R1); +mprintf("\nadditional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R2); +mprintf("\nadditional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R3); +mprintf("\nadditional resistance = %3.2f kΩ",R4); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b36d3eec7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example16 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Tp = 1; //numberof turns on primary +Ts = 200; //numberof turns on secondary +Is = 5; //secondary current in A +Zs = 1; // secondary burden in Ω +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +a = 0.0011; //cross sectional area of core in m**2 +S = 0.91; //stamping faactor +KT =200; //turns ratio +M =80; //ampere turns +Vs =5; //voltage + +//calculations +Vs = Is*Zs; //secondary voltage in V +phimax = Vs/(4.44*f*Ts); //flux in the core in mWb +A = a*S; //net crss sectional area in m**2 +Bmax = phimax/(A); //flux density in the core in T +Im = M/(Tp); //magnetising current in A +Ip = sqrt(((KT*Is)^2)+(Im**2)); //primary current in A +Ir = Ip/(Is); //current ratio +b = ((180/(%pi))*(Im/(KT*Is))); //phase angle in °(degrees) + +//result +mprintf("flux density in the core = %3.4f T",Bmax); +mprintf("\ncurrent ratio = %3.2f",Ir); +mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f °",b); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..007efa6d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 17 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Tp = 1; //number of turns in primary +KT = 200; //turns ratio +Is = 5; //secondary current in A +Rs = 1.5; //secondary burden in Ω +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +L =1.5; //iron loss in Watts +Ie = 40; //current in A + +//calculaations +Ts = KT*Tp; //number of turns in secondary +Vs = Is*Rs; //secondary voltage in V +phimax = Vs/(4.44*f*Ts); //flux inn the core in mWb +Il = L/(Vs); //iron-loss in the secondary side in A +Ip = KT*Il; //iron-loss current in primary side in A +x =(KT*Is)+Ie; +e = ((-Ie/((x))))*100; //ratio error in % + +//result +mprintf("flux in the core = %3.3e percentage mWb",(phimax*10^3)); +mprintf("\nratio error = %3.4f percentage",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5dac1f964 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.18/Ex6_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 18 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declraration +Ts = 300; //number of turns in secondary winding +Tp = 1; //number of turns in primary winding +Is =5; //current in A +Zs =(1.5)+(%i*1) //secondary impedance ‎Ω +MMF = 100; +Pi = 1.2; //iron loss in watts +KN = 300; //turn ratio + + +//calculations +KT =Ts/Tp; //turn ratio +Es = Is*Zs; //secondary voltage in volts +Es1 = sqrt(((real(Es))^2)+((imag(Es))^2)); +Im =MMF/Tp; //magnetising current in A +E = Pi/Es1; //energy compnent of exciting current on secondary side in A +Ie = KT*E; //energy compnent of exciting current on primary side in A +I0 = Im+%i*Ie; //exciting current on primary side in A +I01 =sqrt(((real(I0))^2)+((imag(I0))^2)); +alpha = atan(Ie/Im); +alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi; +theta = atan(imag(Zs)/real(Zs)); +theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi; +KC = KT+((I01*sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180))/Is); //actual current ratio +e = ((KN-KC)/KC)*100; //percentage ratio error in % +b = (I01*cos((((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180)))/(KT*Is); //phase angle in radians +b1 = b*(180/%pi); + + +//result +mprintf("percentage ratio error =%3.2f percentage ",e); +mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.2f °",b1); + + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f63da90ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.19/Ex6_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 19 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declraration +Ts = 200; //number of turns in secondary winding +Tp = 1; //number of turns in primary winding +Is = 5; //current in A +Zs = (1.2+0.2)+(%i*(0.5+0.3)); //secondary impedance ‎Ω +MMF = 100; +Pi = 1.2; //iron loss in watts +Ie = 50; //energy component of eddy current in A + + + +//calculations +KT =Ts/Tp //turn ratio +//Es = Is*Zs //secondary voltage in volts +Im =MMF/Tp //magnetising current in A +I0 = Im+%i*Ie //exciting current on primary side in A +I01 =sqrt(((real(I0))^2)+((imag(I0))^2)) +alpha = atan(Ie/Im) +alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi + +theta = atan(imag(Zs)/real(Zs)) +theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi +Ip = (KT*Is)+(I01*sin(theta+alpha)) //primary current in A +e = ((-I01*sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180))/Ip)*100 //ratio error +N = (I01*sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180))/Is //number of secondary turns to be reduced + +//result +mprintf("ratio error = %3.1f percentage",e); +mprintf("\nnumber of secondary turns to be reduced = %3.0f ",N); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ff969b20e --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 2 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rm = 1; //instrument resistance in Ω +Rse = 4999; //series resistance in Ω +V = 250; //full-scale deflection voltage in V +Rs = 4999; //Shunt resistance in Ω(Rs =1/(499)) +I1 = 50; //full-scale defelction current in A + +//calculations +Rs1 = 1/(Rs); +Im = V/(Rm+Rse); //full-scale deflection current in A +I = Im*(1+(Rm/Rs1)); //current in A +N = I1/(Im); +Rsh = Rm/(N-1); //shunt resistance in Ω + +//result +mprintf("full-scale defelction current in Im = %3.2f A",Im); +mprintf("\ncurrent range of instrument when used as an ammeter with coil connected across shunt is I = %3.2f A",I); +mprintf("\nShunt resistance for the instrument to give a full-scale deflection of 50A is Rsh = %3.4f Ω",Rsh); + + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..241d21cbc --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.20/Ex6_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 20 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declraration +Ts = 300; //number of turns in secondary winding +Tp = 3; //number of turns in primary winding +Is = 5; //current in A +Zs = (0.583)+%i*(0.25); //secondary impedance ‎Ω +n1 =10; +n2 =5; + +//calculations +KT =Ts/Tp; //turn ratio +Es = Is*Zs; //secondary voltage in volts +Nm = n1*Es; //total magnetising amp-turns +Ni =n2*Es; //total iron loss amp-turns +Im =Nm/Tp; //magnetising componenet of exciting current in A +Ie = Ni/Tp; // +I0 = Im+%i*Ie; //exciting current on primary side in A +I01 =sqrt(((real(I0))^2)+((imag(I0))^2)) +alpha = atan(Ie/Im); //energy component of exciting current in A +alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi +theta = atan(imag(Zs)/real(Zs)); +theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi +x = sin(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180) +Ip = (KT*Is)+(I01*x); //primary current in A +y = cos(((theta1+alpha1)*%pi)/180); +b =(180/%pi)*((I01*y)/(KT*Is)); //phase angle + + +//result +mprintf("primary current = %3f. A",y); +mprintf("\nphase angle = %3.3f ",b); + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a2ab474e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.21/Ex6_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//============================================================================ +//Chapter 6 Example 21 + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 25; //rate burden in VA +Is = 5; //current in A +r = 6; //Rs/Es ratio of resistance to reactance +IL = 0.2; //iron loss in W +Im = 1.5; //magnetising compnent of current in A + + +//calculations +KT = 100/5; //turn ratio +Es = R/Is; // Secondary rated voltage in V +Zs = Es/Is; //total secondary impedance in Ω +theta = (atan(1/r))*180/%pi; //angle in ° +Zs1 = (Zs*cos(theta*%pi/180))+(Zs*sin(theta*%pi/180))*%i; +Ie = KT*0.04; //energy component of exciting current on primary side +r = (((Im*sin(theta*%pi/180))+(Ie*cos(theta*%pi/180)))/((KT*Is)+(Ie*cos(theta*%pi/180))+(Im*sin(theta*%pi/180))))*100; //percentage ratio error in % +beta = (180/%pi)*(((Im*cos(theta*%pi/180))-(Ie*sin(theta*%pi/180)))/(KT*Is)); //phase angle erro in ° + +//result +mprintf("percentage ratio error = -%3.1f percentage",r); +mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.4f °",beta); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3795dce56 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.22/Ex6_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//============================================================================ +//Chapter 6 Example 22 + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +r = 12.5; //rate burden in VA +Is = 5' //secondary rated curret in A +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +L = 0.96*10^-3; +Im = 16; //magnetising component of exciting current in A +Ie = 12; //energy component of exciting current in A +Is = 5; //secondary rated current in A + + +//calculations +KN = 1000/5; ///nominal ration +KT = 196/1; //turn ratio +Es = r/Is; //secondary rated voltage in V +Zs = Es/Is; //secondary impedance in Ω +Xs = 2*%pi*f*L; //secondary reactance in Ω +theta = (asin(Xs/Zs))*180/%pi; //secondary circuit phase angle in ° +KC = KT+(((Ie*cos(theta*%pi/180))+(Im*sin(theta*%pi/180)))/Is); +e = ((KN-KC)/KC)*100; //ratio error +beta = (180/%pi)*(((Im*cos(theta*%pi/180))-(Ie*sin(theta*%pi/180)))/(KT*Is)); //phase angle erro in ° + +//result +mprintf("ratio error = %3.2f percentage ",e); +mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.2f °",beta); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e562b68d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.23/Ex6_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 23 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +KT = 8; //turn ratio +Ie = 0; //current in A +I0 = 0.08; +R1 = 1.5; //resistance in Ω +R2 = 0.4; //resistance in Ω +L1 =60*10^-3; //inductance in H +L2 =0.7*10^-3; //inductance in H +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +phi = 0; //angle in ° + +//calculations +Im = 0.01*KT; //Im = 1% of primary current = 0.01*Ip = 0.01*KT*Is +alpha =atan(Ie/Im); //phase angle in radians +R = R1+R2; //resistance of burden Ω +L = L1+L2; //inductance in H +theta = (atan((2*%pi*f*L)/R)*%pi/180); //phase angle in ° +KC = KT+((I0*sin(theta+alpha))/Is); +KC = KT+((0.08*Is*sin(theta+alpha))/Is); +KC = KT+(0.08*sin(theta+alpha)); //actual current ratio +b = (I0*cos(theta+phi))/(KT*Is); + +//result +mprintf("actual current ratio = %3.1f ",KC); +mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.2d ",b); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a02c192fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.24/Ex6_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 24 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +KT = 201; //turn ration +Is = 5; //secondary current in A +Im = 7; //magnetising component of exciting current in A +Ie = 3; //cross-loss component of exciting current in A +delta =0; + +//calculations +Kn = 1000/5; //nominal ratio +alpha =atan(Ie/Im); //angle in ° +alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi; +theta = delta-(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi); //from figure taken the value of gamma +z = cos((theta*%pi)/180); +z1 = sin(((theta)*%pi)/180); +Kc = KT+(((Ie*z)+(Im*z1))/Is); //actual current in A +e = ((Kn-Kc)/Kc)*100;//ratio error +b =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z)-(Ie*z1))/(KT*Is)); + +//result +mprintf("ratio error = %3.3f percentage",e); +mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.3f °",b); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..44422862b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.25/Ex6_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 25 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +KT = 201; //turn ration +Ie = 3; //cross loss current in A +Im = 7; //magnetising component of exciting current in A +delta =0; + +//calculations + +theta = delta+(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi); //from figure taken the value of gamma +z = cos((theta*%pi)/180); +z1 = sin(((theta)*%pi)/180); +Kc = KT+(((Ie*z)+(Im*z1))/Is); //actual current in A +e = ((Kn-Kc)/Kc)*100; //ratio error +b =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z)-(Ie*z1))/(KT*Is)); + +//result +mprintf("ratio error = %3.3f percentage",e); +mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.4f °",b); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0d15d7ff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.26/Ex6_26.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 26 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +KT = 199; //turn ration +Is = 5; //secondary current in A +Im = 7; //magnetising component of exciting current in A +Ie = 4; //cross-loss component of exciting current in A +delta =0; + +//calculations +KN = 1000/5 //nominal ratio +alpha =atan(Ie/Im) //angle in ° +alpha1 = (alpha*180)/%pi +theta = delta+(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi) //from figure taken the value of gamma +z = cos((theta*%pi)/180) +z1 = sin(((theta)*%pi)/180) +Kc = KT+(((Ie*z)+(Im*z1))/Ie) //actual current in A +e = ((Kn-Kc)/Kc)*100 //ratio error +b =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z)-(Ie*z1))/(KT*Is)) +theta1 = delta-(((acos(0.8))*180)/%pi) //from figure taken the value of gamma +z11 = cos((theta1*%pi)/180) +z12 = sin(((theta1*%pi)/180)) +Kc1 = KT+(((Ie*z11)+(Im*z12))/Is) //actual current in A +e1 = ((Kn-Kc1)/Kc1)*100 //ratio error +b1 =(180/%pi)*(((Im*z11)-(Ie*z12))/(KT*Is)) + + +//result +mprintf("ratio error = %3.2f percentage",e); +mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.1f °",b); +mprintf("\nratio error = %3.2f percentage",e1); +mprintf("\nphase angle error = %3.2f percentage°",b1); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..82d173d3c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.27/Ex6_27.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 27 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +KT = 198; //turn ratio +e =0; //ratio error +Is = 5; // secondary current in A +P = 5; //load in VA +Rs = 0.02; //resistance in Ω +KN = 200; //KN=KC since e=0 +KC = 200; + +//calculations +V2 = P/Is; //secondary voltage in V +Es = V2+(Is*Rs); //secondary induced emf in V +Ep = Es/KT; //primary induced emf +Ie = (KC-KT)*Is; //eddy current loss in A +IL = Ep*Ie; //iron loss in W + +//result +mprintf("iron loss = %3.3f mW",(IL*10^3)); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e82e9cf3b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.28/Ex6_28.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//============================================================================ +//Chapter 6 Example 28 + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +Vs = 100+0*%i; //secondary terminal voltage in V +Rp = 97.5; //primary resistance in Ω +Xp = 67.4; //primary reactance in Ω +X1 = 110; // total equivalent reactance in Ω +K =1000/100; + + + +//calculations +//Es = Vs+(Is*(Rs+Xs*%i); +Es = Vs; +Ep = 10*(100+0*%i); //induced emf in primary winding in V +I0 = 0.02*(0.4-0.9165*%i); //no load current in A +Zp = Rp+Xp*%i; +Vd = I0*Zp; +Vp = Ep+Vd; +beta = (atan((imag(Vp))/real(Vp)))*180/%pi; //phase angle between primary and secondary voltage in ° +Xs1 = X1-Xp; //reactance of secondary winding in Ω +//Es = Vs+(Is*Zs); //induced emf in secondary winding +//IP = (Is/10)+I0; +//V = Ip*Zp = (IS/10)+0.008-0.01833*i +//V = (9.75*Is)+2.015)-((1.2478-6.74*Is)*%i).....equation 1 +//Vp = K*(ES+IP*ZP) +//VP =(1002.015+18.35*%i)-(1.2478-11*Is)*%i....equation 2 +//comparing equation 1 and 2 we get +//1.2478-11*Is =0; +Is = 1.2478/11; //secondary current in A +v = Vs*Is; + +//result +mprintf("phase angle between primary and secondary voltage = %3.2f ° lagging",beta); +mprintf("\nvolt ampere rating for zero phase angle = %3.2f",v); +mprintf("\nnote:Is values is taken as 0.114 wchich is approximate when answer is 0.1134"); + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef0c21455 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.29/Ex6_29.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//============================================================================ +//Chapter 6 Example 29 + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +Vs = 63+0*%i; //secondary terminal voltage in V +Zs1 = 2+1*%i; //equivalent mpedance referred to prmary in Ω +Zb = 100+200*%i; //secondary burden in Ω +KN =60.5; + + + +//calculations +KT = 3810/63; //turn ratio +Ep = KT*Vs; //primary induced emf in V +Zp1 = (KT^2)*Zs1; //equivalent impedance +Zs12 = sqrt(((real(Zp1))^2)+((imag(Zp1))^2)); +Is = Vs/Zb; //secondary current in A +Is1 = sqrt(((real(Is))^2)+((imag(Is))^2)); +Ip = Is/KT; //primary current in A +Ip1 = sqrt(((real(Ip))^2)+((imag(Ip))^2)); +Vp = Ep+(Ip*Zp1); //applied voltage to primary in V +Vp1 = sqrt(((real(Vp))^2)+((imag(Vp))^2)); +beta = (atan((imag(Vp))/real(Vp)))*180/%pi; //phase angle error in ° +e = (((KN*Vs)-Vp)/Vp)*100; //ratio error in percentage +//beta = (atan((imag(Zp1))/real(Zp1)))*180/%pi; + +//result +mprintf("phase angle error = %3.2f °",beta); +mprintf("ratio error = %3.1f percentage ",e); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07b5c8a15 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 3 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rm = 10; //instrument resistance in Ω +Im = 0.05; //full scale defelection current in A +I =100; //current to be measured in A +V = 750; //voltage to be measured in V + +//calculations +R = (V/(Im))-Rm; //series resistance in Ω +N = I/(Im); //power of shunt +Rs = Rm/(N-1); //resistance in Ω + + + +//result +mprintf("resistance to be connected in series to enable the instrument to measure current upto 1A is %3.5f Ω",R); +mprintf("\nshunt resistance required for full-scale defelction with 10v is %3.4f Ω",Rs); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5d4882412 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 4 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rm = 5; //instrument resistance in Ω +Im = 15*10^-3; //full scale defelection current in A +I =1; //current to be measured in A +V = 10; //voltage to be measured in V + +//calculations +N = I/(Im); //power of shunt +Rs = Rm/(N-1); //resistance in Ω +R = (V/(Im))-Rm; //series resistance in Ω + + +//result +mprintf("resistance to be connected in parallel to enable the instrument to measure current upto 1A is %3.5f Ω",Rs); +mprintf("\nshunt resistance required for full-scale defelction with 10v is %3.4f Ω",R); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4643bc66c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 5 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rm = 2; //instrument coil resistance in Ω +V = 250; //full-scale reading in V +Rs = 5000; //series resistance in Ω +Rsh = 2*10^-3; //shunt resistance in Ω + + +//calculations +Im = V/((Rm+Rs)); //current flowing through the instrument for full-scale deflection in A +Is = (Im*Rm)/(Rsh); //current through shunt resistance in A +I = Im+Is; //current range of instrument in A + +//result +mprintf("current flowing through the instrument for full-scale deflection is %3.5fA",Im); +mprintf("\ncurrent through shunt resistance is %3.2f A",Is); +mprintf("\ncurrent range of instrumentis %3.1f A",I); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c831c704d --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 6 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rsh = 0.02; //shunt resistance in Ω +V = 0.5; //potential difference across the shunt in V +Rm = 1000; //resistance in Ω +I1 = 10; //current in A +I2 = 75; //current in A +I = 100; //current in A +x = 40; //deflection % + +//calculations +Is = V/(Rs); //current through shunt in A +Im = V/(Rm); //current through ammeter for full-scale defelction in A +V1 = I1*Rsh; //voltage across shunt for 10A in V +R1 = V1/(Im); //resistance for the ammeter for a current of 10 A for full-scale defelction in Ω +V2 = I2*Rsh; //voltage across shunt for 75A in V +R2 = V2/(Im); //resistance for the ammeter for a current of 75 A for full-scale defelction in Ω +I3 = I*(100/(x)); //full-scale defelction current when 100 A gives 40% defelction +V3 = I3*Rsh; //voltage across shunt for 250 A in V +R3 = V3/(Im); //resistance for the ammeter for a current of 250 A for full-scale defelction in Ω + + +//result +mprintf("current through ammeter for full-scale defelction is %3.2f mA",(Im*10^3)); +mprintf("\nResistance for the ammeter for a current of 10 A for full-scale defelction is %3.2f Ω",R1); +mprintf("\nResistance for the ammeter for a current of 75 A for full-scale defelction is %3.2f Ω",R2); +mprintf("\nResistance for the ammeter for a current of 250 A for full-scale defelction is %3.2f Ω",R3); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cc6fa14bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 7 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +B = 0.5; //flux density of the magnetic field in Wb/m**2 +N = 100; //number of turns in coil +l = 0.04; //length in m +r =0.03; //width in m +Tc = 120*10^-6; //controlling torque in N-m +v = 1; //volts per division in V +n = 100; //number of division on full-scale +Rm = 0; + +//calculations +x =B*N*l*r; +I = Tc/(x); //current for full-scale deflection in A +V = n*v; //full-scale reading of instrument in V +R = (V/(I))-(Rm); //External resistance required to be put in series with the coil in Ω + +//result +mprintf("current for full-scale deflection is %3.3f A",I); +mprintf("\nExternal resistance required to be put in series with the coil is %3.2f Ω",R); diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fb2005137 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 8 +clc;clear all; + + +//variable decalaration +Rm = 5; //coil resistance in Ω +Rm1 = 0.00075; //coil resistance in Ω +Im = 0.015; //full-scale defelction current in A +I = 100; //current to be measured in A +T1 = 0.004; //temperature coeficient of copper in Ω/Ω/°C +T2 = 0.00015; //temperature coeficient of manganin in Ω/Ω/°C +T =10; //rise in temperature in °C + +//calculations +N = I/(Im); //multiplying power of shunt +Rs = Rm/(N-1); //resistance of manganin shunt in Ω +Rc = Rm*(1+(T1*T)); //coil resitance with 10°C in temperature in Ω +Rsh = Rm1*(1+(T2*T)); //shunt resitance with 10°C in temperature in Ω +In = (Rsh/((Rc+Rsh)))*100; //new instrument current in A +r = (In/(Im))*100; //new instrument reading in A +e = ((r-I)/(I))*100; //percentage error in % + + +//result +mprintf('percentage error %3.3f percentage",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c7e59fa0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 6 example 9 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Rm = 25; //instrument resistance in Ω +V = 25*10^-3; //full-scale deflection voltage in V +V1 = 10; //voltage to be measured in V +t = 10; +alphac = 0.004; +alpham = 0.00015; + +//calculations +Im = V/(Rm); //full-scale deflection in mA +R = (V1/(Im))-Rm; //external resistance in Ω +Rt = Rm+R; +Rm1 = Rm*(1+(alphac*t)); //instrument resistance with 10°C rise in temperature in Ω +R1 = R*(1+(alpham*t)); //series resistance with 10°C rise in temperature in Ω +R2 = Rm1+R1; //total resistance in the voltmeter circuit in Ω +V2 = V1*(Rt/(R2)); //reading of voltmeter at 10°C rise in temerature in V +er = ((V2-V1)/(V1))*100; //percentage error in % + +//reult +mprintf('percentage error = %3.2f percentage",er); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e884ff9ca --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 1 + +clc;clear all; + + +//variable declaration +P = 250; //wattmeter reading in watts +Rp = 2000; //pressure coil circuit resistance in Ω +VL = 200; //load voltage in V + +//calculations +p = (VL^2)/Rp; //power lost in pressure coil in watts +P1 = P-p; //power lost in the pressure coil circuit in watts + + +//result +mprintf("power lost in the pressure coil circuit = %3.2f watts",P1); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6cea02795 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 10 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V1 = 200; //voltage across an inductive load in volts +V2 = 180; //voltage across an nono- inductive resistor in volts +V3 = 300; //voltage across the two in series in volts + +//calculations +x = ((V3^2)-(V1^2)-(V2^2))/(2*V1*V2); //cos(phi) + +//result +mprintf("power factor cos (phi) = %3.3f lagging",x); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3339acdb --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 11 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +I1 = 2.5; //current across an inductive load in A +I2 = 2.4; //current across an non- inductive resistor in A +I3 = 4.5; //current across the two in series in A +V = 250; //supply voltage in V + + +//calculations +R = V/I2; // non- inductive resistance in Ω +P = ((I3^2)-(I1^2)-(I2^2))*(R/2); //power absorbed by the load in watts +Z = V/I1; //load impedance in Ω +x = ((I3^2)-(I1^2)-(I2^2))/(2*I1*I2); //cos(phi) + +//result +mprintf("power absorbed by the load = %3.2f watts",P); +mprintf("\nload impedance = %3.2f Ω",Z); +mprintf("\npower factor cos (phi) = %3.4f lagging",x); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..25780fcc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 12 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V1 = 6600; //primary voltage in V +V2 = 110; //secondary voltage in V +I1 = 50; //primary current in A +I2 = 5; //secondary voltage in A + +//calculations +r = V1/V2; //hence transformation ratio of PT +r1 = I1/I2; //transformation ratio of CT + +//result +mprintf("transformation ratio of CT = %3.2f ",r1); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cfbb55f0c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 13 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +m = 10; //wattmeter multiplying factor + +//calculations +x = 100/5; //CT ratio +y = 1000/100; //PT ratio +W = x*y*m; //new multiplying factor of wattmeter + +//result +mprintf("new multiplying factor of wattmeter = %3.2f",W); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c7e5b9d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 14 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration + +V = 6000; //load voltage in V +I = 100; //load current in A +p = 0.5; //power factor cos(phi) lagging +theta = 0; //since wattmeter reads correctly +x1 = 20; // current transformers nominal ratio +x2 = 60; // potenetial transformers nominal ratio +e1 =-0.005; // ration error +e2 = 0.01; // ratio error + +//calculations +P = V*I*p; //actual power consumed in W +phi =acos(p); +phi1 = (phi*180)/%pi; +d = -1; //phase angle in ° +b = 2; //phase angle in ° +g = phi1+d-theta1-b; //phase angle in ° +theta1 =theta*180/%pi +g1 = g*180/%pi; +A =cos(phi1) +K = (cos(phi1*%pi/180))/((cos(theta1*%pi/180))*(cos(g*%pi/180))); +CT = x1*(1+e1); //actual transformation ratio of CT +PT = x2*(1+e2); //actual transformation ratio of PT +P1 = P/(K*CT*PT); //power indicated by wattmeter in kW +T = P/(x1*x2); //true reading of wattmeter in kW +e = ((P1-T)/T)*100; //percentage errror in % +//result +mprintf("phase angle between the currents in CC and PC of wattmeter %3.2f ° ",K); +mprintf("\npercentage error = %3.0f percentage ",e); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0686bcc01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 15 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +W1 = 300; //wattmeter reading in kW +W2 = 100; //wattmeter reading in kW + +//calculations +P = W1+W2; //input power in kW +phi = atan(((W1-W2)/(W1+W2))*sqrt(3)); //phase angle in radians +phi1 = (phi*180)/%pi; +pf =cos((phi1*%pi)/180); //power factor lagging + + +//result +mprintf("input power = %3.2f kW",P); +mprintf("power factor = %3.3f lagging",pf); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..750409d15 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 16 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +W1 = 20; //wattmeter reading in kW +W2 = -5; //wattmeter reading in kW + +//calculations +P = W1+W2; //input power in kW +phi = atan(((W1-W2)/(W1+W2))*sqrt(3)); //phase angle in ° +pf =cos(phi); //power factor lagging + +//result +mprintf("input power = %3.2f kW",P); +mprintf("\npower factor = %3.4f lagging",pf); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..015e0dbea --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 17 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +P = 30000; //total power in kW +pf = 0.4; //power factor assuming lagging + +//calculations +phi = acos(pf); //phase angle in radians +phi1 = (phi*180)/%pi; +y = sqrt(3); +z =y*pf; +x = P/(y*pf); //VL*IL in VA + +//W = VL*IL*cos(30-phi) +//VL*IL = x; +W1 = x*cos((30*%pi/180)-(phi1*%pi/180)); //reading of wattemeter in W +W2 = x*cos((30*%pi/180)+(phi1*%pi/180)); //reading of wattemeter in W + +//result +mprintf("reading of wattemeter %3.2f W %3.0f W",W1,W2); +mprintf("\nNote:x value is taken approximate value,so the w1 and w2 differing ") +mprintf("\nif power factor is leading the readings of wattmeters interchange "); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..708fd5d8a --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 18 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +VL =400; //voltage in V +IL = 10; //current in A +//r = W1/W2 +//tan(phi) = sqrt(3)*((W1-W2)/(W1+W2)) +//tan(phi) = sqrt(3)*((1-(W2/W1))/(1+(W2/W1))) +//tan(phi) = sqrt(3)*((1-r)/(1+r)) +//cos(phi) = 1/sec(phi) = 1/sqrt(1+(tan(phi)^2) = 1/sqrt(1+(3*((1-r)/(1+r))^2) +r = 0.5; +z = ((1-r)/(1+r))^2; +pf = 1/sqrt(1+(3*z)); +phi = (acos(pf)*180/%pi); +W1 = VL*IL*cos((30*%pi/180)-(phi*%pi/180)); //wattmeter reading in W +W2 = VL*IL*cos((30*%pi/180)+(phi*%pi/180)); //wattmeter reading in W + +//result +mprintf("wattmeter reading = %3.2f W", W1); +mprintf("\nwattmeter reading = %3.2f W",W2); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..101477de1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 19 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +W1 = 3000; //wattmeter reading in W +W2 = 1000; //wattmeter reading in W +f = 50; //frequency in HZ +V = 400; //voltage in V + + +//calculations +VP = V/sqrt(3); //voltage in V +P = W1+W2; //input power in kW +phi = atan(((W1-W2)/(W1+W2))*sqrt(3)); //phase angle in radians +phi1 = phi*180/%pi; //phase angle in degrees +pf =cos(phi1*%pi/180); //power factor lagging +IL = P/((sqrt(3))*V*pf); //line current in A +ZP =VP/IL; //impedance of the circuit per phase in Ω +R = ZP*pf; //resistance per phase Ω +XL = sqrt((ZP^2 )-(R^2)); //reactance per phase in Ω +L = XL/(2*%pi*f); //inducatance per phase in H + +//result +mprintf("resistance per phase = %3.2f Ω",R); +mprintf("\ninducatance per phase in = %3.3f H",L); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1abd4fcb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 2 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +x = 0.004; +y = 0.707; //power factor lagging +y1 = 0.5; //power factor lagging + +//calculaitons +theta = atan(x) //theta in degrees +a = cos(theta) +b = sin(theta) +phi = acos(y) +c = cos(phi)/(a*cos(theta-phi)) //correction factor +A = cos(phi)/sin(phi); +e = (b/(A+b))*100 //percentage error in % +phi1 = acos(y1) +c1 = cos(phi1)/(a*cos(theta-phi1)) //correction factor +B = cos(phi1)/sin(phi1); +e1 = (b/(B+b))*100 //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("correction factor when 0.707 pf lagging = %3.3f",c); +mprintf("\npercentage error =%3.2f percentage ",e); +mprintf("\ncorrection factor when 0.707 pf lagging = %3.3f",c1); +mprintf("\npercentage error =%3.1f percentage ",e1) + + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..80a8cbd43 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 20 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +IPR = 8; //current in line R in A +IPY = 10; //current in line Y in A +IPB = 6; //current in line B in A +VP =120; //voltage in V +pf = 1; //power factor + +//calculations +W1 = VP*IPR*pf; //wattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line R in watts +W2 = VP*IPY*pf; //wattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line Y in watts +W3 = VP*IPB*pf; //wattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line B in watts +p = W1+W2+W3; //power taken by lighting load in watts + +//result +mprintf("wattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line R = %3.2f watts",W1); +mprintf("\nwattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line Y = %3.2f watts",W2); +mprintf("\nwattage shown by wattmeter having current coil in line B = %3.2f watts",W3); +mprintf("\npower taken by lighting load = %3.2f watts",p); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..121a5b0e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 21 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 10; //resistance in Ω +XL = 10; //reactance in Ω +VL = 440; //load voltage in V + +//calculations +Z = sqrt((R^2)+(XL^2)); //impedance of each choking coil in Ω +VP = VL/sqrt(3); //phase voltage in V +IP = VP/Z; //phase current in A +IL = IP; //line current in A +phi = atan(XL/R); //phase angle in ° +phi1 = phi*180/%pi; + +W1 = VL*IL*cos((30*%pi/180)-(phi1*%pi/180)); //wattmeter reading in W +W2 = VL*IL*cos((30*%pi/180)+(phi1*%pi/180)); //wattmeter reading in W + +//result +mprintf("line current = %3.2f A",IL); +mprintf("\nwattmeter reading = %3.2f W",W1); +mprintf("\nwattmeter reading = %3.2f W",W2); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..87b6dd3c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.22/Ex7_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 22 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +W1 = 5000; //wattmeter reading in W +W2 = -1000; //wattmeter reading in W +VL = 440; //load voltage in V +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +VP = 440; + +//calculations +P = W1+W2; //total power in the load circuit in W +phi = atan(((W1-W2)/(W1+W2))*sqrt(3)); //phase angle in ° +phi1 = phi*180/%pi; +pf = cos(phi); //power factor +IP = P/((sqrt(3)*VL*pf)); //load current per phase in A +IP1 = IP/sqrt(3); +ZP = VP/IP1; //load impedance per phase +RP = ZP*pf; //load resistance per phase in Ω +XP =ZP*sin(phi); //load reactance per phase in Ω +pf1 = 0.5; //power factor +phi2 = (acos(pf1))*180/%pi; +//reading of wattmeter will be zero +XP1 = RP*tan((phi2)*%pi/180); //reactnace in circuit per phase in Ω +XC =XP-XP1; //value of capacitive reactance in troduced in each phase in Ω +C = 1/(2*%pi*f*XC); //value of capacitive reactance introduced in each phase of delta connected in uF + +//result +mprintf("value of capacitive reactance introduced in each phase of delta connected = %3.0f uF",(C*10^6)); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4ec29ab83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.23/Ex7_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +//================================================================================ +//chapter 7 example 23 + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +VAB1 = 400+0*%i; //voltage in V +VBC1 = -200-346.41*%i; //voltage in V +VCA1 = -200+346.41*%i; //voltage in V +VAB =400; +VBC = 400; +VCA = 400; +TVAB = 0; +TVBC = -120; +TVCA =120; +PAB = 20000; //Wwattmetr readig VA +PBC = 30000; //Wwattmetr readig VA +PCA = 20000; //Wwattmetr readig VA + + +//calculations +IAB = PAB/VAB; //magnitude of IABC +IBC = PBC/VAB; //magnitude of IABC +ICA = PCA/VAB; //magnitude of IABC +c1 = 0; +c2 = (acos(0.8)*180/%pi); +c3 = -(acos(0.6)*180/%pi); +angle1 = c1-TVAB; +angle2 = c2-TVBC; +angle3 = c3-TVCA; +IAB1 = (IAB*cos(angle1))+(IAB*sin(angle1))*%i; +IBC1 = (IBC*cos(angle2*%pi/180))+(IBC*sin(-angle2*%pi/180))*%i; +ICA1 = (ICA*cos(angle3*%pi/180))+(ICA*sin(-angle3*%pi/180))*%i; +IA = IAB1-ICA1; +IB = IBC1-IAB1; +IC = ICA1-IBC1; +W1 = -(VBC1)*IA; +W2 = VCA1*IB; + + + +//result +mprintf("line current IA = %3.2f %3.2f *j A",real(IA),imag(IA)); +mprintf("\nline current IA = %3.2f%3.2f*j A",real(IB),imag(IB)); +mprintf("\nline current IA = %3.2f + %3.2f*j A",real(IC),imag(IC)); +mprintf("\nreading of wattmeter W1 = %3.2f W",W1); +mprintf("\nreading of wattmeter W2 = %3.2f W",W2); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f378291f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.24/Ex7_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 24 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +W1 = 2000; //reading of wattmeter in watts +W2 = 1000; //reading of wattmeter in watts + +//calculations +Q = sqrt(3)*(W1-W2); //reactive power of the network in V A +P = Q/(sqrt(3)); //wattmeter reading when current coil is connected in one phase and the potential coil across the two phases in VA + +//result +mprintf("Wattmeter reading = %3.2f reactive volt amperes",P); + + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f1a39531 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.25/Ex7_25.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 25 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +VL = 415; //voltage in V +IL = 20; //current in A +pf = 0.8; //phase angle + +//calculations +phi =acos(pf) //phase angle in ° +phi1 = (phi*180)/%pi +x = cos((30-phi1)*%pi/180) +W1 = VL*IL*x //wattmeter reading in W +W2 = VL*IL*cos((30+phi1)*%pi/180) //wattmeter reading in W +//total KVAR = sqrt(3))*(W1-W2) +// W = totalKVAR/sqrt(3) +//W = (sqrt(3))*(W1-W2))/sqrt(3); //wattmeter reading +W = W1-W2 //wattmeter reading + +//result +mprintf("reading on wattmeter 1 = %3.2d W",W1); +mprintf("\nreading on wattmeter 2 = %3.2d W",W2); +mprintf("\nreading on wattmeter = %3.2f W",W); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b30c19bc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 3 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 240; //voltage in V +I = 8; //current in A +x = 0.1; //pf lagging +Rp = 8000; //resistance in Ω +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +L = 63.6*10^-3 //inductance + +//calculations +phi = acos(x); +phi1 =(phi*180)/%pi; +P = V*I*x; //load power +Pl = (V^2)/Rp; //power lost in the pressure coil circuit in watts +Pt = P+Pl; //neglecting inductance of the voltage coil the reading of wattmeter would be in watts +Xp = 2*%pi*f*L; //reactance in Ω +theta = atan(Xp/Rp); +theta1 = (theta*180)/%pi; +A = cos(theta1); +B =cos(phi1-theta1); +C = cos(phi1); +w = Pt*(A)*(B/C); //wattmeter reading +e = ((w-P)/P)*100; //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("phi value in textbook is taken wrong correct is 84°.16 but value is 84°.26 so textbook answer is coming wrong") +mprintf("\npercentage error in %3.2f percentage ",e); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..beb6261cf --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 4 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +w = 23; //wattmeter reading in watts +Rp = 2000; //resistance in Ω +f = 100; //frequency in Hz +L = 10*10^-3 //inductance +V = 240; //voltage in V +I = 4.5; //current in A + +//calculations +Xp = 2*%pi*f*L; //reactance in Ω +theta = atan(Xp/Rp); +theta1 =(theta*180)/(%pi) +//cos(phi)=P/V*I +//phi = acos(P/V*I) +//w = Pt*(cos(theta))*(cos(phi-theta))/cos(phi); //wattmeter reading +W1 = V*I; //V*I in watts +//phi = acos(P/W) = acos(P/1080) +//W = P*cos(theta)*(cos(phi-theta))/cos(phi) +//W =23 =P*cos(0.18)*cos((acos(P/1080))-0.18)/(P/V*I) +//let cos(acos(P/1080)-0.18) =A +//B = cos(0.18) +//W=23 = (P*B*A)/(P/(V*I)) +// W= B*A*V*I +//A = W/(B*V*I) +B = cos((theta1*%pi)/180); +A = w/(B*V*I); +//cos(acos(P/1080)-0.18) =A +//C =acos(P/1080) = acos(A)+0.18 +A1 =(acos(A))*(180/%pi); +C = A1+0.18 +D = cos(C*%pi/180) +P =1080*D; +e = ((w-P)/P)*100; //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("percentage error in %3.2f percentage ",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a5ba78d77 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 5 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +f = 50; //frequency in Hz +L = 5*10^-3 //inductance +V = 100; //voltage in V +I = 10; //current in A +R1 = 3000; //resistance in Ω + +//calculations +x = ((2*%pi*f*L)/R1); //tan(theta) +theta = atan(x); //the angle by which the current in pressure coil lags behind the voltage +//W = V*I*sin(90+theta) = V*I*cos(theta) = V*I*tan(theta) +//W=V*I*theta //since theta is small +W = V*I*x; //reading of wattmeter in watt + +//result +mprintf("error = %3.2f watts",W); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7c6825183 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 6 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +RL = 2; //resistance in Ω +f =50; //frequency in Hz +L = 0.25; //inductance in H +V = 200; //voltage in V +LP = 5.6*10^-3; //inductance in H +RP =1000; + +//calculations +XL = 2*%pi*f*L; //load reactance in Ω +ZL = RL+XL*%i; //load impedance +IL = V/ZL; //load current in A +XLP = 2*%pi*f*LP; //reactance in Ω +ZP = RP+XLP*%i; //pressure coil circuit impedance in Ω +IP = V/ZP; //pressure coil current in A +theta = (atan(imag(IP)/real(IP)))*180/%pi; +Ic = IL+IP; +Ic1 = sqrt(((imag(Ic))^2)+((real(Ic))^2)) +phi = (atan(imag(Ic)/real(Ic)))*180/%pi; +A = (phi-theta); +x = cos((A*%pi)/180); +y =cos((theta*%pi)/180); +W = V*Ic1*y*x; //actual reading of wattmeter in watts + +//result +mprintf("actual reading of wattmeter = %3.4f watts",W); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f2c868146 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 7 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 250; //load voltage in V +I = 12; //load current in A +Rc = 0.1; //resistance in Ω +Rp =6500; //resistance in Ω +x = 1; //pf cos(phi) +y = 0.4; //pf cos(phi) + +//calculations +P = V*I*x; //power input to the apparatus in W +PL = (I^2)*Rc; //power lost in current coil in W +e = (PL/P)*100; //percentage error in % +Pc = (V^2)/Rp; //power lost in presuure coil in W +e = (Pc/P)*100; //percentage error in % +P1 = V*I*y; //power input to the apparatus in W +PL1 = (I^2)*Rc; //power lost in current coil in W +e1 = (PL1/P1)*100; //percentage error in % +Pc1 = (V^2)/Rp; //power lost in presuure coil in W +e1 = (Pc1/P1)*100; //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("percentage error when pf 1 lagging %3.2f percentage",e); +mprintf("\npercentage error when pf 0.4 lagging %3.2f percentage",e1); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d7746901c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ + //============================================================================ +//Chapter 7 Example 8 + + +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +theta1 =1; //pressure coil phase angle in ° +theta2 =2; //pressure coil phase angle in ° +P1 = 700; //wattmeter reading in W +P2 = 620; //wattmeter reading in W +V = 240; //voltage in V + + +//calculations +x = P1/P2; +//P1 =P*cos(theta2)*cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi) +//P2 = P*cos(theta1)*cos(phi-theta1)/cos(phi) +//P1/P2 = cos(theta2)*cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi)/cos(theta1)*cos(phi-theta1)/cos(phi) +//x = cos(theta2)*cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi)/cos(theta1)*cos(phi-theta1)/cos(phi) +//x = (cos(theta2)/cos(theta1))*(cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi-theta1)) +//x = y*(cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi-theta1)) +//(cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi-theta1)) = x/y +y = (cos(theta2*%pi/180)/cos(theta1*%pi/180)); +z = x/y; +//(cos(phi-theta2)/cos(phi-theta1)) = ((cos(thet2*%pi/180))*cos(phi))+(sin(thet2*%pi/180))*sin(phi))/((cos(theta1*%pi/180))*cos(phi))+(sin(thet1*%pi/180))*sin(phi)) +//z = ((cos(thet2*%pi/180))*cos(phi))+(sin(thet2*%pi/180))*sin(phi))/((cos(theta1*%pi/180))*cos(phi))+(sin(thet1*%pi/180))*sin(phi)) +t = ((z*cos(theta1*%pi/180))-(cos(theta2*%pi/180)))/((sin(theta2*%pi/180))-(z*sin(theta1*%pi/180))); +phi = (atan(t))*180/%pi; +pf = cos(phi*%pi/180); +C = (phi-theta2) +c = cos(C*%pi/180); +a = (cos(theta2*%pi/180)); +b = a*c; +B = P1*pf; +P = B/b; +I = P/(V*pf); + +//result +mprintf("actual power = %3.3f W",P); +mprintf("\ncurrent drawn = %3.2f A",I); diff --git a/3871/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3871/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97da88e05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 7 example 9 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +Np = 500; //number of turns on moving coil +Ip = 0.05; //current through moving coil in A +B = 0.012; // flux density in the air gap in T +d = 0.03; //diameter in m +theta1 = 30; +theta2 = 90; +x = 0.866; //power factor cos(phi) + +//calculations + +A = (%pi/4)*(d^2); //area of x-section of moving coilin m^2 +phimax = B*A; //maximum flux through moving coil in Wb +//Mmax = (phimax*Np)/Ic +//Mmax*Ic = X = phimax*Np +X = (phimax*Np); +//T = Ip*Ic*Mmax*cos(phi)*sin(theta) +//T = Ip*Ic*(X/Ic)*cos(phi)*sin(theta) +//T = Ip*(X)*cos(phi)*sin(theta) +T1 = Ip*X*x*sin(theta1*%pi/180); +T2 = Ip*X*x*sin(theta2*%pi/180); + +//result +mprintf("torque in when 30° = %3.4e N-m",T1); +mprintf("\ntorque in when 90° = %3.4e N-m",T2); + diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dfbcea5c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.1/Ex8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 1 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +P = 360; //power in W +t = 100; //time in seconds +n = 10; //revolutions + +//calculations +E = (P*(t/(3600)))/(1000); //energy consumed in kWh +M = n/(E); //meter constant in revolutions/KWh + +//result +mprintf("meter constant in revolutions/KWh = %3.2f ",M); + diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d264b82df --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.10/Ex8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 10 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 230; //voltage in V +I = 10; //current in A +T = 30; //time in minutes +x =0.8; //power factor +n = 890; //number of revolutions made +M = 1200; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh +E = 58.25; //dial reading at the end of test +E1 = 57.35; //dial reading at the start of test + +//calculations +Ea = (V*I*(T/(60))*x)/(1000); //Energy consumed 1 minute +Em = E-E1; //energy consumption recorded by the meter in kWh +e = Em-Ea; //error in registration in kWh +N = M*Em; //actual revolutions required to be made by the meter for an energy consumption of 0.90kWh +e = (n-N)/(T); //error in rpm + +//result +mprintf("error = %3.2f rpm",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9dab573f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.11/Ex8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 11 + +clc;clear all; + + //variable declaration +V = 230; //voltage in volts +I = 4; //current in A +I1 = 5; //current in A +cosphi = 1; //power factor +h = 6; //hours +R = 2208; //revolutios made by meter +R1 = 1472; //revolutios made by meter +E1 = 400; //energy consumption +h1 =4; + +//calculations +E = (V*I*cosphi*h)/(1000); //energy consumption in kWh +M = R/(E); //meter constant in rev/kWh +cosphi2 = (R1/(E1)*(1000/(V*I1*h1))); //power factor of the load is cosphi2 for second measuremnet + +//result +mprintf("meter constant = %3.2f revolutions/kWhr",M); +mprintf("\npower factor of the load is cosphi2 for second measuremnet = %3.2f",cosphi2); + diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..46b4b9091 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 2 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 220; //voltage in V +I = 5; //current in A +Rp = 8800; //resistance of pressure in Ω +V1 = 6; //voltage excited in V + +//calculations +P1 = V*I; //power consumed in current coil circuit in W +P2 = (V^2)/(Rp); //power consumed in pressure coil circuit in W +P = P1+P2; //total power consumed in W +P11 = V1*I; //power consumed in current coil circuit in W +P21 = (V^2)/(Rp); //power consumed in pressure coil circuit in W +PP = P11+P21; //total power consumed in W + +//result +mprintf("total power consumed for direct load arrangement = %3.2f W",P); +mprintf("\ntotal power consumed for phanton loading with current circuit = %3.1f W",PP); + diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5221ec15f --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.3/Ex8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 3 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +T = 0.5; //time in hours +V = 220; //voltage in V +I = 5; //current in A +P = 525; //consumption registered in Wh +P1 =0.525; //consumption registered in kWh + +//calculations + +E = ((V*I)/(1000))*T; //energy consumed in kWh +e = ((P1-E)/(E))*100; //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("percentage error = %3.2f percentage(slow) ",e); diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f7366c986 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.4/Ex8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 4 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +M1 = 5; //meter constant in A-s/rev +V = 250; //voltage in V +t = 60; //time in minute + +//calculations +M2 = M1*V; //meter constant in W-s/rev with rated voltage of 250V +M3 = M2/(1000*3600); //meter constant in kWh/rev +M = 1/(M3); //meter constant in rev/kWh +E = (M2/(t*1000)); //energy consumed in 1 minute at full-load +S = M*E; //full-load speed in rpm + +//result +mprintf("meter constant in revolutions per kWh = %3.2d",M); +mprintf("\nfull-load speed = %3.2d rpm",S); diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..737709ff2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.5/Ex8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 5 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +n = 15; //number of revolutions made +M = 750; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh +T = 30; //time in seconds + +//calculations +E = n/(M); //Energy consumed in 30 seconds +L = (E*3600)/T; //load in kW + +//result +mprintf("Energy consumed in 30 seconds = %3.2f kWh",E); +mprintf("\nLoad = %3.2f kW",L); + diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c3d3d1ac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.6/Ex8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 6 + + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +M = 500; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh +n = 40; //number of revolutions made +T1 = 58.1; //time in seconds +P = 5; //power in kW + +//calculations +x =P*T1; +E =(x/3600); //Energy consumed in 58.1 seconds +E1 = n/(M); //energy consumption registeredin kWh +e = ((E1-E)/E)*100; //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("percentage error = %3.2f percentage",e); + diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..583598b19 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.7/Ex8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 7 +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +V = 230; //voltage in V +I = 4.4; //current in A +T = 3; //time in minutes +x =1; //cos(0)=1 +n = 10; //number of revolutions made +M = 200; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh + +//calculations +E = (V*I*(T/(60))*x)/(1000); //Energy consumed i3 minutes +E1 = n/(M); //energy consumption registeredin kWh +e = ((E1-E)/(E))*100; //percentage error in % + +//result +mprintf("percentage error = %3.3f percentage",e); diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..26999cb01 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.8/Ex8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 8 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +L = 1; //Load in kW +S = 10.2; //speed of the disc in rpm +T1 = 12; //time in hours +M = 600; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh + +//calculations +T2 = T1*60; //time in minutes +E = L*T1; //actual energy consumed in 12 hours in kWh +N = S*T2; //Revolutions made by the disc in 12 hours +E1 = N/(M); //Energy consumption recorded by the meter +e = E1-E; //error in kWh + +//result +mprintf("error = %3.2f kWh more",e); diff --git a/3871/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce b/3871/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b2215336b --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH8/EX8.9/Ex8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 8 example 9 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration + +V = 240; //voltage in V +I = 8; //current in A +T = 1; //time in minutes +x =0.6; //power factor +M = 600; //meter constant in revolutions per kWh + +//calculations +E = (V*I*(T/(60))*x)/(1000); //Energy consumed 1 minute +S = E*M; //speed of the disc in rev/minute + +//result +mprintf("speed of the disc = %3.2f rev/minute",S); diff --git a/3871/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3871/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b1343b88c --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 9 example 1 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +N = 1500; //speed of shaft in rm +T =120; //number of teeth on rotator + +//calculatins +f = (N/60)*T; //frequency of output pulses in pulses per second + +//result +mprintf("frequency of output pulses in pulses = %3.2f pulses per second",f); + diff --git a/3871/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3871/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7febc3cd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 9 example 2 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +R = 4; //digital counter reading +G = 0.001; //gatting period in s +T = 150; //number of teeth on rotor + +//calculations +f = R/(G); //number of pulses per second +N = (f/T)*60; //rotational speed in rpm + +//result +mprintf("rotational speed = %3.2f rpm",N); diff --git a/3871/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce b/3871/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2af2527a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH9/EX9.3/Ex9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 9 example 3 + +clc;clear all; + +//variable declaration +H = 120; //number of holes on the rotating disc +f = 5400; //frequency of output pulses in per second + +//calculations +N = (f/(H))*60; //rotational speed in rpm + +//result +mprintf("rotational speed = %3.2f rpm",N); diff --git a/3871/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3871/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3d6e35306 --- /dev/null +++ b/3871/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//=========================================================================== +//chapter 9 example 4 +clc; +clear all; + +//variable declaration +f1 = 60; //frequency in Hz +f2 = 50; //frequency in Hz +C1 = 10^-6; //inductance of circuit +R1 = 100; //resistance in Ω +C2 = 1.5*10^-6; //capacitance + +//calculations +L1 = 1/(4*((%pi)^2)*((f1)^2)*C1); //inductance of circuit in H +w = 2*%pi*f2; +Z1 = R1+(%i)*((w*L1)-(1/(w*C1))); //impedance of circuit at 50 Hz Ω +//Z2 = R1+(%i)*((w*L2)-(1/(w*C2))); //impedance of circuit at 50 Hz Ω +//real(Z2) = real(Z1) +//((w*L2)-(1/(w*C2))) = real(Z1)=963 +x =abs((w*L1)-(1/(w*C1))) +y = 1/(w*C2); +L2 =(x+y)/w; +z = sqrt(1/(L2*C2)); +f2 = (1/(2*%pi))*(z); + +//result +mprintf("resonant frequency of circuit = %3.1f Hz",f2); -- cgit