From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: priyanka Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530 Subject: initial commit / add all books --- 2969/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2969/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 11 files changed, 275 insertions(+) create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce create mode 100755 2969/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce (limited to '2969/CH3') diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..274269311 --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +Q=-50; //heat rejected to cooling water in kJ/kg +W=-100; //work input in kJ/kg + +//using First Law of Thermodynamics, Q=(u2-u1)+W +Du=Q-W; //(u2-u1) change in internal energy in kJ/kg +//since Du is +ve, there is gain in internal energy + +printf('The GAIN in internal energy is: %2.0f kJ/kg. \n',Du); diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e10c09b95 --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +//initial state +p1=10^5; //initial pressure of gas in Pa +V1=0.45; //initial volume of gas in m^3 +T1=80+273; //initial temperature of gas in K +//final state +p2=5*10^5; //final pressure of gas in Pa +V2=0.13; //final volume of gas in m^3 + +//gamma for air, g +g=1.4; +R=294.2 //J/kgK + +m=p1*V1/R/T1; //mass in kg + +//p1*(V1^n)=p2*(V2^n) +n=log(p1/p2)/log(V2/V1); //index n + +//In a polytropic process +//(T2/T1)=(V1/V2)^(n-1); +T2=T1*(V1/V2)^(n-1); //temp. T2 in K + +Cv=R/(g-1); +Du=m*Cv*(T2-T1)/1000; //increase in internal energy in kJ + +//using First Law of Thermodynamics, Q=(u2-u1)+W +//W12=(p1*V1-p2*V2)/(n-1)=mR(T2-T1)/(n-1) +W12=m*R*(T1-T2)/(n-1)/1000; +Q=Du+W12; +//since Q is -ve, there is rejection of heat from system to surroundings + +printf(' (i) The Mass of the gas is: %1.3f kg. \n',(m)); +printf(' (ii) The index n is: %1.3f. \n',(n)); +printf('(iii) The change in internal energy is: %2.1f kJ. \n',(Du)); +printf(' (iv) The Heat REJECTED is: %2.2f kJ. \n',(-Q)); diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..62b63315e --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +//initial state +p1=1.02; //initial pressure of air in bar +V1=0.015; //initial volume of air in m^3 +T1=22+273; //initial temperature of air in K +//final state +p2=6.8; //final pressure of air in bar +//Law of adiabatic compression, pV^g=C + +//gamma for air, g +g=1.4 +R=0.287; + +//In a adiabatic process +//(T2/T1)=(p2/p1)^((g-1)/g); +T2=T1*(p2/p1)^((g-1)/g);; //final temp. T2 in K + +//p1*(V1^g)=p2*(V2^g) +V2=V1*(p1/p2)^(1/g); //final volume in m^3 + +m=p1*10^5*V1/10^3/R/T1; //mass in kg + +//W=(p1*V1-p2*V2)/(g-1)=mR(T2-T1)/(g-1) +W=m*R*(T1-T2)/(g-1); +//since W is -ve, the work is done on the air + +printf(' (i) The Final temperature is: %3.2f deg. celsius. \n',(T2-273)); +printf(' (ii) The Final Volume is: %1.5f m^3. \n',V2); +printf('(iii) The Work done on the air is: %1.3f kJ. \n',(-W)); diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2ccbea2f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +m=0.44; //mass of air in kg +T1=180+273; //initial temperature of air in K +T2=15+273; //final temperature of air in K +W12=52.5; //work done during the process in kJ +//V2/V1=3 +Vr=3; //volume ratio, Vr=V2/V1 + +//Law of adiabatic expansion, pV^g=C + +//In an adiabatic process +//(T2/T1)=(V1/V2)^(g-1); +g=1+[(log(T2/T1)/log(1/Vr))]; //gamma for air, g=Cp/Cv + +//W12=(p1*V1-p2*V2)/(n-1)=mR(T2-T1)/(g-1) +R=W12/m/(T1-T2)*(g-1); +//R=Cp-Cv + +Cv=R/(g-1); +Cp=g*Cv; + +printf(' (i) The value of Cv is: %1.3f kJ/kgK. \n',Cv); +printf(' (ii) The value of Cp is: %1.3f kJ/kgK. \n',Cp); + +//NOTE: +//there is slight variation in answers of the book due to rounding off of the values diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..73e7aea89 --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +m=1; //mass of etahne gas in kg +M=30; //molecular weight of ethane +p1=1.1; //initial pressure in bar +T1=27+273; //initial temperature in K +p2=6.6; //final pressure in bar +Cp=1.75; //in kJ/kgK + +//Law of compression, pV^1.3=C +n=1.3; + +//Characteristic gas constant, R = Universal gas constant (Ro)/Molecular weight(M) +Ro=8314; +R=Ro/M/1000; //kJ/kgK + +//R=Cp-Cv +Cv=Cp-R; +g=Cp/Cv; //gamma g + +//In a polytropic process +//(T2/T1)=(p2/p1)^((n-1)/n); +T2=T1*(p2/p1)^((n-1)/n);; //final temp. T2 in K + +//W=(p1*V1-p2*V2)/(n-1)=mR(T2-T1)/(g-1) +W=m*R*(T1-T2)/(n-1); + +Q=[(g-n)/(g-1)]*W; //heat flow in kJ/kg + +printf(' The Heat SUPPLIED is: %2.1f kJ/kg. \n',(Q)); diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..114ed7333 --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +u1=450; //internal energy at beginning of the expansion in kJ/kg +u2=220; //internal energy after expansion in kJ/kg +W=120; //work done by the air during expansion in kJ/kg + +//using First Law of Thermodynamics, Q=(u2-u1)+W +Q=(u2-u1)+W; //heat flow in kJ/kg +//since Q is -ve, there is rejection of heat + +printf('The heat REJECTED by air is: %3.0f kJ/kg. \n',(-Q)); diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2620c936c --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +m=0.3; //mass of nitrogen in kg +p1=0.1; //pressure in MPa +T1=40+273; //temperature before compression in K +p2=1; //pressure in MPa +T2=160+273; //temperature after compression in K +W=-30; //work done during the compression in kJ/kg +Cv=0.75 //in kJ/kgK + +//using First Law of Thermodynamics, Q=(u2-u1)+W +//(u2-u1)=m*Cv*(T2-T1) +Du=m*Cv*(T2-T1); +Q=Du+W; //heat flow in kJ/kg +//since Q is -ve, there is rejection of heat + +printf('The heat REJECTED by air is: %1.0f kJ. \n',(-Q)); diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..59fcab224 --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +//initial state +p1=0.105; //pressure of gas in MPa +V1=0.4; //volume of gas in m^3 +//final state +p2=0.105; //pressure of gas in MPa +V2=0.20; //volume of gas in m^3 + +Q=-42.5; //heat transferred in kJ +p=p1; + +//process used- ISOBARIC (Constant pressure) +W12=p*(V2-V1)*1000; //work in kJ +//using First Law of Thermodynamics, Q=(u2-u1)+W +Du=Q-W12; //(u2-u1) change in internal energy in kJ +//since Du is -ve, there is decrease in internal energy + +printf('The DECREASE in internal energy is: %2.1f kJ. \n',(-Du)); diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f34d24f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +//part-1 +//pressure=p1,temperature=T1 +//part-2 +//pressure=p2,temperature=T2 + +//Acc. First Law of Thermodynamics, Q=(u2-u1)+W +//when partition moved +DQ=0; +DW=0; +DU=DQ-DW; +//DU=0 + +printf(' CONCLUSION: \n'); +printf(' Acc. to First Law of Thermodynamics, \n'); +printf(' When partion moved, there is conservation of internal energy. \n'); diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6e2efbc99 --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +//initial state +p1=10^5; //initial pressure of air in Pa +v1=1.8; //volume of air in m^3/kg +T1=25+273; //initial temperature of air in K +//final state +p2=5*10^5; //final pressure of air in Pa +T2=25+273; //final temperature of air in K + +//process used- ISOTHERMAL (Constant temperature) +W12=[p1*v1*log(p1/p2)]/1000; //work in kJ/kg +//since W is -ve, work is supplied to the air + +//since temperature is constant +Du=0; //(u2-u1) change in internal energy in kJ/kg + +//using First Law of Thermodynamics, Q=(u2-u1)+W +Q=Du+W12; +//since Q is -ve, there is rejection of heat from system to surroundings + +printf(' (i) The Work done on the air is: %3.1f kJ/kg. \n',(-W12)); +printf(' (ii) The change in internal energy is: %1.0f kJ/kg. \n',(Du)); +printf('(iii) The Heat REJECTED is: %3.1f kJ/kg. \n',(-Q)); diff --git a/2969/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/2969/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da26d5ab7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2969/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +clc +clear +//DATA GIVEN +p1=4*10^5; //initial pressure in N/m^2 +V1=0.2; //initial volume in m^3 +T1=130+273; //initial temperature in K +p2=1.02*10^5; //final pressure after adiabatic expansion in N/m^2 +Q23=72.5; //increase in enthalpy during constant pressure process in kJ +Cp=1; //in kJ/kgK +Cv=0.714; //in kJ/khK + +//gamma for air, g +g=Cp/Cv; +R=(Cp-Cv)*1000; + +//for reversible adiabatic process 1-2 +//p1*(V1^g)=p2*(V2^g) +V2=V1*(p1/p2)^(1/g); //final volume in m^3 +//(T2/T1)=(p2/p1)^((g-1)/g); +T2=T1*(p2/p1)^((g-1)/g);; //final temp. T2 in K + +m=p1*V1/R/T1; //mass in kg + +//for constant pressure process 2-3 +//Q23=m*Cp*(T3-T2); +T3=Q23/m/Cp+T2; +//V2/T2=V3/T3 +V3=V2/T2*T3; + +//Work done by the path 1-2-3, W123=W12+W23 +W12=(p1*V1-p2*V2)/(g-1); +W23=p2*(V3-V2); +W123=W12+W23; + +//if the above processes are replaced by a single reversible polytropic process giving the same work between initial and final states, +//W13=W123=(p1V1-p3V3)/(n-1) +p3=p2; +n=1+(p1*V1-p3*V3)/W123; //index of expansion, n + +printf(' (i) The Total Work done is: %5.0f Nm or J. \n',W123); +printf(' (ii) The value of index of expansion, n is: %1.3f. \n',n); + +//NOTE: +//there is slight variation in answers of the book due to rounding off of the values -- cgit