From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: priyanka Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530 Subject: initial commit / add all books --- 2441/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce | 12 ++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce | 21 +++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce | 8 +++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce | 16 ++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce | 9 ++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce | 8 +++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce | 27 +++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce | 14 +++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce | 18 ++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce | 56 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce | 19 ++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce | 16 ++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce | 14 +++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce | 15 ++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce | 16 ++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce | 44 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce | 27 +++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce | 19 ++++++++++++ 2441/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++ 2441/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce | 20 +++++++++++++ 2441/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++ 2441/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce | 20 +++++++++++++ 2441/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++ 2441/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce | 21 +++++++++++++ 2441/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce | 15 ++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce | 21 +++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce | 18 ++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce | 14 +++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce | 15 ++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce | 11 +++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce | 18 ++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce | 16 ++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce | 15 ++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce | 21 +++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce | 15 ++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce | 20 +++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce | 13 +++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce | 15 ++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce | 18 ++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce | 15 ++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce | 24 +++++++++++++++ 2441/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce | 27 +++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce | 18 ++++++++++++ 2441/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce | 19 ++++++++++++ 2441/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++ 2441/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce | 21 +++++++++++++ 2441/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce | 18 ++++++++++++ 2441/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 2441/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce | 18 ++++++++++++ 82 files changed, 2143 insertions(+) create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce create mode 100755 2441/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce (limited to '2441') diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5f2292d9c --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.1/Ex1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//exa 1.1 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +B=100;//W(8Bulb) +F=60;//W(2Fan) +L=100;//W(2Light) +LoadConnected=8*B+2*F+2*L;//W +disp(LoadConnected,"(a) Connected Load (W)") +//12 midnight to 5am +demand1=1*F;//W +//5am to 7am +demand2=2*F+1*L;//W +//7am to 9am +demand3=0;//W +//9am to 6pm +demand4=2*F;//W +//6pm to midnight +demand5=2*F+4*B;//W +DEMAND=[demand1 demand2 demand3 demand4 demand5] +max_demand=max(DEMAND); +disp(max_demand,"(b) Maximum demand (W)"); +df=max_demand/LoadConnected;//demand factor +disp(df,"(c) Demand factor"); +E=demand1*5+demand2*2+demand3*2+demand4*9+demand5*6;//Wh +E=E/1000;//kWh +disp(E,"(d) Energy consumed during 24 hours(kWh)") +Edash=LoadConnected*24/1000;//kWh + disp(Edash,"(e) Energy consumed during 24 hours if all devices are used(kWh)") diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0022b9595 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.10/Ex1_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//exa 1.10 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +E=438*10^4;//kWh +LF=20;//% annual +CF=15;//%//Capacity Factor +Lmax=E/(LF/100)/24/365;//kW +Lmax=Lmax/1000;//MW +C=Lmax/CF*LF;//MW//Plant Capacity +disp(C,"Plant Capacity(MW): "); +RC=C-Lmax;//MW//Reserve Capacity +disp(RC,"Reserve Capacity(MW) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1c315543f --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.11/Ex1_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//exa 1.11 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +L1=10000;//kW +L2=6000;//kW +L3=8000;//kW +L4=7000;//kW +df=1.5;//diversity factor +LF=65;//%//Load Factor +Dinc=60;//%//Increase in maximum demand +L=L1+L2+L3+L4;//kW//Sum +L=L/1000;//MW +Dmax=L/df;//MW +disp(Dmax,"Maximum demand on station(MWh)"); +E=Dmax*365*24*LF/100;//MWh//Annual Energy +format('v',9); +disp(E,"Annual Energy Supplied(MWh)"); +Din_max=Dinc/100*Dmax;//MW +format('v',7); +C=Dmax+Din_max;//MW +disp(C,"Installed Capacity(MW)") diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fe5bbf220 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.12/Ex1_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//exa 1.12 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',5); +//Arranging data for Load Duration Curve +//week days 5-9pm load +L1=350;//MW +t1=4*5;//hours +//week days 8-12am & 1-5pm load +L2=250;//MW +t2=t1+8*5;//hours +//saturday & sunday 5-9pm load +L3=200;//MW +t3=t2+4*2;//hours +//All days 150MW load +L4=150;//MW +t4=t3+6*5+15*2;//hours +//All days 100MW load +L5=100;//MW +t5=t4+6*5+5*2;//hours +A=31600;//Total Load Curve Area +LF=A/L1/24/7*100;//%//Weekly load factor +disp(LF,"Weekly Load factor(%)"); +disp("Load Duration Curve is shown in figure."); +//Load Duration Curve +L=[L1 L2 L3 L4 L5];//MW +T=[t1 t2 t3 t4 t5];//hours +plot2d2(T,L); +xtitle('Load Duration Curve','Time(Hours)','Load(MW)'); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b73a10cb6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.13/Ex1_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//exa 1.13 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +LF=0.825;//Daily Load Factor +ratio1=0.87;//daily peak load to monthly peak load +ratio2=0.78;//monthly peak load to annually peak load +LF_annual=LF*ratio1*ratio2;//Annual Load Factor +disp(LF_annual,"Annual Load Factor : "); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..928950255 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.14/Ex1_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//exa 1.14 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',5); +//Transformer1 +Lm=300;//kW +df_m=0.6;//demand factor +Lc=100;//kW//Commercial Load +df_c=0.5;//demand factor +//Transformer2 +Lr2=500;//kW//Residential Load +df_Lr2=0.4;//demand factor +//Transformer3 +Lr3=400;//kW +df_Lr3=0.5;//demand factor +//Diversity factors +df1=2.3; +df2=2.5; +df3=2; +DF=1.4;//Diversity factor between transformers +//Solution : +disp("Part(a)"); +Lp1=(Lm*df_m+Lc*df_c)/df1;//kW//Peak load on Transformer1 +disp(Lp1,"Peak load on Transformer1(kW)"); +Lp2=Lr2*df_Lr2/df2;//kW//Peak load on Transformer2 +disp(Lp2,"Peak load on Transformer2(kW)"); +Lp3=Lr3*df_Lr3/df3;//kW//Peak load on Transformer3 +disp(Lp3,"Peak load on Transformer3(kW)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +LpF=(Lp1+Lp2+Lp3)/DF;//Peak load on feeder +disp(LpF,"Peak load on feeder(kW)"); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..061f416d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.16/Ex1_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//exa 1.16 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',8); +L=[20 25 30 25 35 20];//MW +T=[6 4 2 4 4 4];//Hours +Lmax=max(L);//MW +disp(Lmax,"(a) Maximum demand(MW)"); +E=L(1)*sum(T)+(L(2)-L(1))*T(2)+(L(3)-L(1))*T(3)+(L(4)-L(1))*T(4)+(L(5)-L(1))*T(5)+(L(6)-L(1))*T(6);//MWh +E=E*1000;//kWh +disp(E,"(b) Units generated per day(kWh)"); +Lavg=E/sum(T);///kWh +Lavg=Lavg/1000;///MW +disp(Lavg,"(c) Average Load(MW)"); +format('v',6); +LF=Lavg/Lmax*100;//% +disp(LF,"(d) Load Factor(%)"); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a9369a035 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.17/Ex1_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//exa 1.17 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',8); +pf=0.8;//power factor +delf=1;//%//drop in frequency(delf/f) +//delP=-2*(sind(theta))^2*delf +theta=acosd(pf);//degree +delP_BY_delf=-2*sind(theta)^2;//increase in load wrt frequency +disp(-delP_BY_delf,"1% drop in frequency, Increased in Load(%)"); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f26b26a91 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.18/Ex1_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +//exa 1.18 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',8); +Lmax=100;//MW +LF=40;//%//Load Factor +Lavg=Lmax*LF/100;//MW +E=Lavg*24*365;//MWh +disp(E,"Energy generated in a year(MWh)"); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32ac5cd0f --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.19/Ex1_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//exa 1.19 page 25 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',5); +V=400;//V +s1=0.03;//initial slip +delV=1;//%///Voltage Drop +R1=0.290;//ohm/phase +R2=0.15;//ohm/phase +X=0.7;//ohm/phase(X1+X2) +//V1^2*s1=V2^2*s2 for speed independent torque +//taking for calculating s2 +V1=1;//V +V2=V1-V1*delV/100;//V +s2=V1^2/V2^2*s1;//slip +I2ByI1=sqrt([R1+R2/s1]^2+X^2)/sqrt([R1+R2/s2]^2+X^2)*(V2/V1) +delI=(I2ByI1-1)*100;//%//Current Increase +disp(delI,"1% drop in Voltage increases current by(%)"); +//P=(R1+R2/s)*I^2 +P2ByP1=(R1+R2/s2)/(R1+R2/s1)*I2ByI1^2;//ratio +delP=(1-P2ByP1)*100;//%//Power Decrease +format('v',4); +disp(delP,"1% drop in Voltage decreases power input by(%)"); +//Answer in the textbook is not accurate. diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0b32cf684 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.2/Ex1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +//exa 1.2 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +LoadA=2.5*1000;//W +//12 midnight to 5am +d1A=100;//W +//5am to 6am +d2A=1.1*1000;//W +//6am to 8am +d3A=200;//W +//8am to 5pm +d4A=0;//W +//5pm to 12 midnight +d5A=500;//W +LoadB=3*1000;//W +//11 pm to 7am +d1B=0;//W +//7 am to 8 am +d2B=300;//W +//8 am to 10 am +d3B=1*1000;//W +//10 am to 6 pm +d4B=200;//W +//6 pm to 11 pm +d5B=600;//W +DEMAND_A=[d1A d2A d3A d4A d5A];//W +DEMAND_B=[d1B d2B d3B d4B d5B];//W +max_demand_A=max(DEMAND_A);//W +max_demand_B=max(DEMAND_B);//W +df_A=max_demand_A/LoadA;//demand factor +df_B=max_demand_B/LoadB;//demand factor +disp(df_B,df_A,"Demand factor of consumer A & B are"); +gd_factor=(max_demand_A+max_demand_B)/max_demand_A; +disp(gd_factor,"Group diversity factor") +E_A=d1A*5+d2A*1+d3A*2+d4A*9+d5A*7;//Wh +E_B=d1B*8+d2B*1+d3B*2+d4B*8+d5B*5;//Wh +E_A=E_A/1000;//kWh +E_B=E_B/1000;//kWh +disp(E_B,E_A,"Energy consumed by A & B during 24 hours(kWh)") +Emax_A=max_demand_A*24/1000;//kWh +Emax_B=max_demand_B*24/1000;//kWh + disp(Emax_B,Emax_A,"Maximum energy consumer A & B can consume during 24 hours(kWh)") +ratio_A=E_A/Emax_A; +format('v',7); +ratio_B=E_B/Emax_B; +disp(ratio_B,ratio_A,"Ratio of actual energy to maximum energy of consumer A & B") diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..df7fff87e --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.3/Ex1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +//exa 1.3 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +n1=600;//No. of apartments +L1=5;//kW//Each Apartment Load +n2=20;//No. of general purpose shops +L2=2;//kW//Each Shop Load +df=0.8;//demand factor +//1 Floor mill +L3=10;//kW//Load +df3=0.7;//demand factor +//1 Saw mill +L4=5;//kW//Load +df4=0.8;//demand factor +//1 Laundry +L5=20;//kW//Load +df5=0.65;//demand factor +//1 Cinema +L6=80;//kW//Load +df6=0.5;//demand factor +//Street lights +n7=200;//no. of tube lights +L7=40;//W//Load of each light +//Residential Load +df8=0.5;//demand factor +gdf_r=3;//group diversity factor +pdf_r=1.25;//peak diversity factor +//Commertial Load +gdf_c=2;//group diversity factor +pdf_c=1.6;//peak diversity factor +//Solution : +//Maximum demand of each apartment +dmax_1a=L1*df8;//kW +//Maximum demand of 600 apartment +dmax_a=n1*dmax_1a/gdf_r;//kW +//demand of apartments at system peak time +d_a_sp=dmax_a/pdf_r;//kW +//Maximum Commercial demand +dmax_c=(n2*L2*df+L3*df3+L4*df4+L5*df5+L6*df6)/gdf_c;//kW +//Commercial demand at system peak time +d_c_sp=dmax_c/pdf_c;//kW +//demand of street light at system peak time +d_sl_sp=n7*L7/1000;//kW +//Increase in system peak demand +DI=d_a_sp+d_c_sp+d_sl_sp;//kW +disp(DI,"Increase in system peak demand(kW)"); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c43a13918 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.4/Ex1_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//exa 1.4 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +//12 to 5 am +L1=20;//MW +t1=5;//hours +//5 to 9 am +L2=40;//MW +t2=4;//hours +//9 to 6 pm +L3=80;//MW +t3=9;//hours +//6 to 10 pm +L4=100;//MW +t4=4;//hours +//10 to 12 am +L5=20;//MW +t5=2;//hours +//Energy Poduced in 24 hours +E=L1*t1+L2*t2+L3*t3+L4*t4+L5*t5;//MWh +disp(E,"Energy Supplied by the plant in 24 hours(MWh) :"); +LF=E/24;//%//Load Factor +disp(LF,"Load Factor(%)"); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..27ca0d311 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.5/Ex1_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//exa 1.5 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +C=125;//MW//Installed Capacity +//12 to 5 am +L1=20;//MW +t1=5;//hours +//5 to 9 am +L2=40;//MW +t2=4;//hours +//9 to 6 pm +L3=80;//MW +t3=9;//hours +//6 to 10 pm +L4=100;//MW +t4=4;//hours +//10 to 12 am +L5=20;//MW +t5=2;//hours +//Energy Poduced in 24 hours +E=L1*t1+L2*t2+L3*t3+L4*t4+L5*t5;//MWh +LF=E/24;//%//Load Factor +CF=LF/C;//%//Capacity Factor +disp(CF,"Capacity Factor(%) : "); +UF=100/C;//%//Utilisation Factor +disp(UF,"Utilisation Factor(%) : "); + diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2672452e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.6/Ex1_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +//exa 1.6 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +//12 to 5 am & 10 to 12 am +L1=20;//MW +E1=L1*24;//MWh +//5 to 9 am +L2=40;//MW +E2=E1+(L2-L1)*17;//MWh +//9 to 6 pm +L3=80;//MW +E3=E2+(L3-L2)*13;//MWh +//6 to 10 pm +L4=100;//MW +E4=E3+(L4-L3)*4;//MWh +//Plotting Energy load curve +L=[0,L1,L2,L3,L4];//MW +E=[0,E1,E2,E3,E4];//Mwh +subplot(2,1,1) +plot(E,L) +xlabel('Energy(MWh)'); +ylabel('Load(MW)'); +title('Energy Load Curve'); +//Energy Supplied +//Upto 5am +t1=5;//hours +E1=L1*t1;//MWh +//Upto 9am +t2=4;//hours +E2=E1+L2*t2;//MWh +//Upto 6pm +t3=9;//hours +E3=E2+L3*t3;//MWh +//Upto 10pm +t4=4;//hours +E4=E3+L4*t4;//MWh +//Upto 12pm +t4=2;//hours +E4=E3+L4*t4;//MWh +//Plotting Mass curve +T=[0,1,2,3,4];//MW +E=[0,E1,E2,E3,E4];//Mwh +subplot(2,1,2) +plot(T,E) +ylabel('Energy(MWh)'); +xlabel('0-1: 12-5am 1-2: 5-9am 2-3: 9-6pm 3-4: 6-10pm above4: 10-12pm'); +title('Mass Curve'); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa7fe2be9 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.7/Ex1_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//exa 1.7 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',9); +dmax=40;//MW//Maximum demand +CF=0.5;//Capacity Factor +UF=0.8;//Utilisation Factor +LF=CF/UF;///Load Factor +disp(LF,"(a) Load Factor : "); +C=dmax/UF;//MW//Plant Capacity +disp(C,"(b) Plant Capacity(MW) : "); +RC=C-dmax;//MW//Reserve Capacity +disp(RC,"(c) Reserve Capacity(MW) : "); +p=dmax*LF*24*365;//MWh//Annual Energy Production +disp(p,"(d) Annual Energy Production(MWh) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..76edbe592 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.8/Ex1_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//exa 1.8 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +L1=50;//MW//Initial +t1=5;//hours +L2=50;//MW//5am +t2=4;//hours +L3=100;//MW//9am +t3=9;//hours +L4=100;//MW//6pm +t4=2;//hours +L5=150;//MW//8pm +t5=2;//hours +L6=80;//MW//10pm +t6=2;//hours +L7=50;//MW +//Energy Required in 24 hours +E=L1*t1+(L2+L3)/2*t2+(L3+L4)/2*t3+(L4+L5)/2*t4+(L5+L6)/2*t5+(L6+L1)/2*t6;//MWh +disp(E,"Energy required in one day(MWh)"); +DLF=E/L5/24*100;//%//Daily Load Factor +disp(DLF,"Daily Load Factor(%)"); +//Plotting load curve +T=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6];//Slots +L=[L1,L2,L3,L4,L5,L6,L7];//MW +plot(T,L) +ylabel('Load(MW)'); +xlabel('0-1: 12-5am 1-2: 5-9am 2-3: 9-6pm 3-4: 6-8pm 4-5:8-10pm 5-6 :10-12pm'); +title('Chronological Load Curve'); diff --git a/2441/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce b/2441/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9ab81093 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH1/EX1.9/Ex1_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +//exa 1.9 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +L1=50;//MW//Initial +t1=5;//hours +L2=50;//MW//5am +t2=4;//hours +L3=100;//MW//9am +t3=9;//hours +L4=100;//MW//6pm +t4=2;//hours +L5=150;//MW//8pm +t5=2;//hours +L6=80;//MW//10pm +t6=2;//hours +L7=50;//MW +//Load Duration Curve +l1=L5;//Mw +l2=L4;//MW +l3=L1;//MW +L=[l1,l2,l2,l3,l3] +T=0:6:24;//Duration in hours +subplot(2,1,1) +plot(T,L) +ylabel('Load(MW)'); +xlabel('Hours'); +title('Load Duration Curve'); +//Energy Consumed +//Upto 5am +t1=5;//hours +E1=L1*t1;//MWh +//Upto 9am +t2=4;//hours +E2=E1+L2*t2;//MWh +//Upto 6pm +t3=9;//hours +E3=E2+L3*t3;//MWh +//Upto 10pm +t4=4;//hours +E4=E3+L4*t4;//MWh +//Upto 12pm +t4=2;//hours +E4=E3+L4*t4;//MWh +//Plotting Mass curve +T=[0,1,2,3,4];//MW +E=[0,E1,E2,E3,E4];//Mwh +subplot(2,1,2) +plot(T,E) +ylabel('Energy(MWh)'); +xlabel('0-1: 12-5am 1-2: 5-9am 2-3: 9-6pm 3-4: 6-10pm above4: 10-12pm'); +title('Mass Curve'); diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0bd39257c --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//exa 2.10 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',5); +B11=0.001;//MW^-1 +B22=0.0024;//MW^-1 +B12=-0.0005;//MW^-1 +//dC1/dP1=0.8*P1+16;//Rs./MWh +//dC2/dP2=0.08*P2+12;//Rs./MWh +lambda=20; +//Iterations for calculating value +P1(1)=0; +P2=0; +for i=2:1:10 + P1(i)=(0.2+0.001*P2(i-1))/0.006; + P2(i)=(0.4+0.001*P1(i))/0.0088; + if P1(i)==P1(i-1) then +break; + end +end +P1=P1(i);//MW +disp(P1,"Generation P1(MW) : "); +P2=P2(i);//MW +disp(P2,"Generation P2(MW) : "); +format('v',4); +PL=B11*P1^2+2*B12*P1*P2+B22*P2^2;//MW +disp(PL,"Transmission Loss(MW) : "); +format('v',5); +Pr=P1+P2-PL;//MW +disp(Pr,"Received Power(MW) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..84794957e --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//exa 2.11 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +//C1=561+7.92*P1+0.001562*P1^2;//Rs./hour +//C2=310+7.85*P2+0.00194*P2^2;//Rs./hour +a1=561;a2=310; +b1=7.92;b2=7.85; +c1=0.001562;c2=0.00194; +ce=c1*c2/(c1+c2); +be=ce*(b1/c1+b2/c2); +ae=a1-b1^2/4/c1+a2-b2^2/4/c2+be^2/4/ce; +disp("Coefficients are : "); +disp("ae = "+string(ae)+" & be = "+string(be)); +format('v',10); +disp(ce,"ce = ") +PT=poly(0,'PT'); +disp("Cost Characteristics : ") +disp("CT=870.753+7.8888*PT+0.0008653*PT^2"); diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..16d120608 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,62 @@ +//exa 2.12 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +//C1=7700+52.8*P1+5.5*10^-3*P1^2;//Rs./hour +//C2=2500+15*P2+0.05*P2^2;//Rs./hour +a1=7700;a2=2500; +b1=52.8;b2=15; +c1=5.5*10^-3;c2=0.05; +P1=poly(0,'P1'); +P2=poly(0,'P2'); +dC1bydP1=52.8+2*5.5*10^-3*P1; +dC2bydP2=15+2*0.05*P2; +disp("For 1200 MW Load :"); +P=1200;//MW +//Let loads of unit are P1 & 1200-P1 +//Economical Loading dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2 +eqn=52.8+2*5.5*10^-3*P1-15-2*0.05*(1200-P1); +P1=roots(eqn);//MW +P2=1200-P1;//MW +disp(P1,"P1(MW) : "); +disp(P2,"P2(MW) : "); +disp("For 900 MW Load :"); +P=900;//MW +clear('P1','P2'); +P1=poly(0,'P1'); +P2=poly(0,'P2'); +//Let loads of unit are P1 & 900-P1 +//Economical Loading dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2 +eqn=52.8+2*5.5*10^-3*P1-15-2*0.05*(900-P1); +P1=roots(eqn);//MW +P2=900-P1;//MW +disp(P1,"P1(MW) : "); +disp(P2,"P2(MW) : "); +disp("For 500 MW Load :"); +P=500;//MW +clear('P1','P2'); +P1=poly(0,'P1'); +P2=poly(0,'P2'); +//Let loads of unit are P1 & 500-P1 +//Economical Loading dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2 +eqn=52.8+2*5.5*10^-3*P1-15-2*0.05*(500-P1); +P1=roots(eqn);//MW +P2=500-P1;//MW +//Minimum load is 200MW +if P1<200 then + P2=P1+P2 + P1=0; +end +disp(P1,"P1(MW) : "); +disp(P2,"P2(MW) : "); +format('v',10); +C=(2500+15*P2+0.05*P2^2)*10;//Rs.//Operating cost for 10 hour +disp(C,"Operating cost for 10 hour(Rs.)"); +disp("Other option : "); +P1=200;//MW +P2=300;//MW +disp(P1,"P1(MW) : "); +disp(P2,"P2(MW) : "); +C1=7700+52.8*P1+5.5*10^-3*P1^2;//Rs./hour +C2=2500+15*P2+0.05*P2^2;//Rs./hour +C=10*(C1+C2);//Rs.//Operating cost for 10 hour +disp(C,"Operating cost for 10 hour(Rs.)"); diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9ecdf5ee8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//exa 2.13 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',10); +//C1=2000+20*P1+0.05*P1^2;//Rs./hour +//C2=2750+26*P2+0.03091*P2^2;//Rs./hour +P1=350;//MW +P2=550;//MW +C1=2000+20*P1+0.05*P1^2;//Rs./hour +C2=2750+26*P2+0.03091*P2^2;//Rs./hour +C=C1+C2;//Rs./hour +disp(C,"(a) Total Cost(Rs./hour)"); +P=P1+P2;//MW//Total Load +P1=poly(0,'P1'); +P2=poly(0,'P2'); +dC1bydP1=20+2*0.05*P1; +dC2bydP2=26+2*0.03091*P2; +disp("(b) For Economic Scheduling") +format('v',7); +//dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2 for economic sheduling +//Let loads of unit are P1 & P-P1 +eqn=20+2*0.05*P1-26-2*0.03091*(P-P1); +P1=roots(eqn);//MW +P2=P-P1;//MW +disp(P2,P1,"Loads P1 & P2 in MW are : "); +C1=2000+20*P1+0.05*P1^2;//Rs./hour +C2=2750+26*P2+0.03091*P2^2;//Rs./hour +Cnew=C1+C2;//Rs./hour +disp(Cnew,"Total Cost(Rs./hour)"); +saving=C-Cnew;//Rs./hour +disp(saving,"Total saving(Rs./hour)"); +format('v',5); +Lt=P1-350;//MW//Tie line load +disp(Lt,"Tie line load from Plant1 to Plant2(MW) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..74d15efb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//exa 2.14 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +//C=5000+450*P+0.5*P^2;//Rs./hour +e1=+2;//%//error +e2=-2;//%//error +P=200;//MW//Total Load +//Considering error +P1=poly(0,'P1'); +P2=poly(0,'P2'); +C1=(5000+450*P+0.5*P1^2)*0.98;//Rs./hour +C2=(5000+450*P+0.5*P2^2)*1.02;//Rs./hour +//Let loads of unit are P1 & P-P1 +//dC1/dP1=dC2/dP2 for economic sheduling +eqn=450*0.98+2*0.5*P1*0.98-450*1.02-2*0.5*(P-P1)*1.02; +P1=roots(eqn);//MW +P2=P-P1;//MW +//if no instrumention error +C1=(5000+450*P1+0.5*P1^2)*0.98;//Rs./hour +C2=(5000+450*P2+0.5*P2^2)*1.02;//Rs./hour +C=C1+C2;//Rs./hour +//Due to intrumentation error +P1=P/2;//MW +P2=P/2;//MW +C1=(5000+450*P1+0.5*P1^2)*0.98;//Rs./hour +C2=(5000+450*P2+0.5*P2^2)*1.02;//Rs./hour +Cerr=C1+C2;//Rs./hour +Cextra=Cerr-C;//Rs,/hour +disp(Cextra,"Extra operating cost(Rs./hour)"); diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a5123ba1e --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +//exa 2.15 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +P1=poly(0,'P1'); +P2=poly(0,'P2'); +P3=poly(0,'P3'); +Q1=0.002*P1^2+0.86*P1+20;//tons/hour +Q2=0.004*P2^2+1.08*P2+20;//tons/hour +Q3=0.0028*P3^2+0.64*P3+36;//tons/hour +Pmax=120;//MW +Pmin=36;//MW +P=200;//MW +C=500;//Rs./ton +//C1=C*Q1;C2=C*Q2;C3=C*Q3;//Rs./ton +dC1bydP1=2*P1+430;//Rs./hour +dC2bydP2=4*P2+540;//Rs./hour +dC3bydP3=2.8*P3+320;//Rs./hour +//P1+P2+P3=P +A1=[1 1 1];//Coefficient Matrix +B1=[P];//Coefficient Matrix +//For minimal cost above 3 equation should be equal +//eqn1=2*P1-4*P2+430-540; +//eqn2=4*P2-2.8*P3-320+540; +A2=[0 4 -2.8];//Coefficient Matrix +B2=[-540+320];//Coefficient Matrix +//eqn3=-2*P1+2.8*P3+320-430; +A3=[-2 0 2.8];//Coefficient Matrix +B3=[430-320];//Coefficient Matrix +//solving by matrix method +A=[A1;A2;A3];//Coefficient Matrix +B=[B1;B2;B3];//Coefficient Matrix +X=A^-1*B;//Solution Matrix +P1=X(1);//MW +P2=X(2);//MW +P3=X(3);//MW +Pmax=120;//MW +Pmin=36;//MW +if P2P2min then + disp("P2 is within maximum and minimum limits."); + P1=P1max;//MW + P3=P3min;//MW + P2=P-P1-P3;//MW +end; +//Lambda=dC2/dP2 as P2 is niether maximum limit nor minimum limit. +dC2BydP2=7.8+2*0.0019*P2;//Rs./MWh +lambda=dC2BydP2;//Rs./MWh +dC1BydP1=6.5+2*0.0013*P1;//Rs./MWh +dC3BydP3=8.1+2*0.005*P3;//Rs./MWh +if dC1BydP1lambda then + disp("Condition for P3 satisfied."); +end; +disp("Load distribution is : "); +disp(P1,"P1(MW) : "); +disp(P2,"P2(MW) : "); +disp(P3,"P3(MW) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7d51ce332 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//exa 2.18 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +Bmn=[0.0676 0.00953 -0.00507 +0.00953 0.0521 0.00901 +-0.00507 0.00901 0.0294];//Loss Coefficient +Bno=[-0.0766;0.00342;0.0189];//Loss Coefficient +Boo=0.04357;//Loss Coefficient +P1=107.9;//MW +P2=50;//MW +P3=60;//MW +//solution : +PL=[P1 P2 P3]*Bmn+[P1 P2 P3]*Bno+Boo;//MW +PL=sum(-PL);//MW +disp(PL,"Transmission Loss(MW)"); +//Note : Values calculated in the book are slightly wrong because of accuracy in calculation as compared to scilab accuracy. diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7f58e44d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//exa 2.19 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +//lambda1=0.1*P1+20;//Rs./MWh +//lambda2=0.12*P2+16;//Rs./MWh +P=180;//MW +//Let loads are P1 & P-P1 +//Economical loading lambda1=lambda2 +P1=poly(0,'P1');P2=poly(0,'P2'); +eqn=0.1*P1+20-0.12*(P-P1)-16; +P1=roots(eqn);//MW +P2=P-P1;//MW +disp(P1,"Load P1(MW) : "); +disp(P2,"Load P2(MW) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c6a594fde --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//exa 2.2 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',8); +//For equal incremental cost +L1=125;//MW +L2=100;//MW +//For equal sharing +L=(L1+L2)/2;//MW +//Change in cost Unit 1 +dC1=integrate('0.2*P1+30','P1',L1,L);//Rs./hour +//Change in cost Unit 2 +dC2=integrate('0.15*P2+40','P2',L2,L);//Rs./hour +dCyearly=(dC1+dC2)*24*365;//Rs./year +disp(dCyearly,"Saving per year in economic load allocation(Rs./year)"); +//Answer in the textbook is not accurate. diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bbcac8e15 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//exa 2.20 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +//F1=0.004*P1^2+2*P1+80;//Rs./hr +//F2=0.006*P2^2+1.5*P2+100;//Rs./hr +P=250;//MW +P1=poly(0,'P1');P2=poly(0,'P2'); +dF1bydP1=2*0.004*P1+2; +dF2bydP2=2*0.006*P2+1.5; +//Let loads are P1 & P-P1 +//Economical loading lambda1=lambda2 +eqn=2*0.004*P1+2-2*0.006*(P-P1)-1.5; +P1=roots(eqn);//MW +P2=P-P1;//MW +disp(P1,"Load P1(MW) : "); +disp(P2,"Load P2(MW) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3eff64276 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.21/Ex2_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//exa 2.21 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',8); +//F1=(8*P1+0.024*P1^2+80)*10^6;//Btu./hr +//F2=(6*P2+0.04*P2^2+120)*10^6;//Btu./hr +Pmax=100;//MW +Pmin=10;//MW +C=2.5;//Rs./million Btu +//C1=2.5*F1/10^6 +//C2=2.5*F2/10^6 +//For Maximum Load of 100 MW +P1=poly(0,'P1');P2=poly(0,'P2'); +dC1bydP1=8*2.5+2.5*2*0.024*P1; +dC2bydP2=6*2.5+2.5*2*0.04*P2; +//Let loads are P1 & Pmax-P1 +//Economical loading lambda1=lambda2 +eqn=8*2.5+2.5*2*0.024*P1-6*2.5-2.5*2*0.04*(Pmax-P1); +P1=roots(eqn);//MW +P2=Pmax-P1;//MW +C1=2.5*((8*P1+0.024*P1^2+80)*10^6)/10^6;//Rs./hour +C2=2.5*((6*P2+0.04*P2^2+120)*10^6)/10^6;//Rs./hour +C100=(C1+C2)*12;//Rs.(Total cost of 12 hours on 100MW load) +//For Maximum load of 50 MW +//Let loads are P1 & Pmax-P1 +//Economical loading : lambda1=lambda2 +Pmax1=50;//MW +clear('P1','P2'); +P1=poly(0,'P1');P2=poly(0,'P2'); +eqn=8*2.5+2.5*2*0.024*P1-6*2.5-2.5*2*0.04*(Pmax1-P1); +P1=roots(eqn);//MW +P2=Pmax1-P1;//MW +C1=2.5*((8*P1+0.024*P1^2+80)*10^6)/10^6;//Rs./hour +C2=2.5*((6*P2+0.04*P2^2+120)*10^6)/10^6;//Rs./hour +C50=(C1+C2)*12;//Rs.(Total cost of 12 hours on 50MW load) +C=C100+C50;//Rs.(Total cost for 24 hours) +disp(C,"Minimum total cost for 24 hours(Rs.) : "); +E=(Pmax*12+Pmax1*12)*10^3;//kWh +//Operating cost per unit energy +Co=C/E;//Rs./kWh +disp(Co,"Operating cost per unit energy(Rs./kWh) : "); +//Answer is wrong in the textbook. Calculation mistake in energy generation calculation & Cost calculation. diff --git a/2441/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/2441/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b35f7fc03 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +//exa 2.22 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',10); +//F1=0.05*P1^2+21.5*P1+800;//Rs./hr +//F2=0.1*P2^2+27*P2+500;//Rs./hr +//F3=0.07*P3^2+16*P3+900;//Rs./hr +PT=200;//MW +Pmax=120;//MW +Pmin=39;//MW +//coefficients : +c1=0.05;c2=0.1;c3=0.07; +b1=21.5;b2=27;b3=16; +a1=800;a2=500;a3=900; +lambda=(1/2*[b1/c1+b2/c2+b3/c3]+PT)/[1/2*[1/c1+1/c2+1/c3]]; +//Economical loading dF1/dP1=dF2/dP2=dF3/dP3 +P1=poly(0,'P1');P2=poly(0,'P2');P3=poly(0,'P3'); +dF1bydP1=2*0.05*P1+21.5; +dF2bydP2=2*0.1*P2+27; +dF2bydP3=2*0.07*P3+16; +//Solving equation : +A=[2*0.05 0 0;0 2*0.1 0;0 0 2*0.07]; +B=[lambda-21.5;lambda-27;lambda-16]; +X=A^-1*B; +P1=X(1);//MW +P2=X(2);//MW +P3=X(3);//MW +if P2200 then + disp("Pelton turbine is more suitable because head>200 meter."); +end; diff --git a/2441/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/2441/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4de07b156 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Exa 3.2 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +WF=50;//m^3/sec(Water flow) +head=90;//m +LF=75;//%(Load factor) +Eta=90;//%(Efficiency of hydro plant) +L=5;//%(Transmission losses) +TC=350;//MW +hp=140;//MW//Hydro power +//Calculation +P=735.5/75*WF*head*Eta/100/1000;//MW(Power available) +Pnet=P*(100-L)/100;//MW///Net Available hydro power +E=Pnet*24;//MW-hours////Hydro Energy +disp(E,"Available hydro energy(MW-hours) : "); +format('v',5); +C1=hp/((100-L)/100);//MW//Capacity of hydro plant +disp(C1,"Capacity of hydro plant(MW) : "); +C2=TC-hp;//MW//Capacity of thermal plant +disp(C2,"Capacity of thermal plant(MW) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/2441/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f86ba820d --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Exa 3.3 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',9); +P1=700;//MW(Load for 14 hours) +P2=500;//MW(Load for 10 hours) +B22=0.0005;//Loss Coefficient +t1=14;//hour +t2=10;//hour +r2=2.5;//Rs/hour/(m^3/sec) +//Characteristics of units : +//C1=(24+0.02*P1)*P1;//Rs./hour +//W2=(6+0.0025*P2)*P2;//m^3/sec +lambda=37.944;//Rs./MWh(For peak load conditions) +P1=348.6;//MW(For peak load conditions) +P2=454.84;//MW(For peak load conditions) +PL=103.44;//MW(For peak load conditions) +lambda_dash=31.73;//Rs./MWh(For peak load conditions) +P1_dash=193.25;//MW(For peak off conditions) +P2_dash=378.25;//MW(For peak off conditions) +PL_dash=71.50;//MW(For peak off conditions) +W=[(6+0.0025*P2)*P2*t1+(6+0.0025*P2_dash)*P2_dash*t2]*3600/10^3;//m^3//D3ily water used +disp(W,"Daily water used by plant(m^3) : "); +C=(24+0.02*P1)*P1*t1+(24+0.02*P1_dash)*P1_dash*t2;//Rs. +disp(C,"Daily operating cost of plant(Rs.) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce b/2441/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e26bce93f --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH3/EX3.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Exa 3.4 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +t1=14;//hour(working hour of hydro station) +t2=24;//hour(Working hour of steam station) +//Characteristics of units : +//C=(5+8*Ps+0.05*Ps^2);//Rs./hour +//dW/dPh=30+0.05*Ph;//m^3/MW-sec +W=500*10^6;//m^3(Water Quantity used) +Ps=250;//MW(Load on steam station) +lambda=8+0.1*Ps;//Rs./MW-hour +//W=Ph*(30+0.05*Ph)*t1*3600;// +//0.05*Ph^2*t1*3600+Ph*30*t1*3600-W=0 +Ph=poly(0,'Ph'); +Ph=roots(0.05*Ph^2*t1*3600+Ph*30*t1*3600-W);//MW +Ph=Ph(2);//MW//Leaving negative root +disp(Ph,"Load on hydro plant(MW)"); +r=lambda/(30+0.05*Ph);//Rs./hour/(m^3/sec) +disp(r,"Cost of water use(Rs./hour/(m^3/sec)) : "); +//Answer is slightly differ due to accuracy in calculations. diff --git a/2441/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/2441/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..244da9e9e --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Exa 4.1 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',8); +kVA=4000;//kVA//rating +f1_nl=50;//Hz(No load frequency of machine1) +f1_fl=47.5;//Hz(No load frequency of machine1) +f2_nl=50;//Hz(No load frequency of machine2) +f2_fl=48;//Hz(No load frequency of machine2) +L=6000;//kW(Load) +L1=poly(0,'L1');//Load of machine1 +//f1_nl-(f1_nl-f1_fl)*L1/kVA=f1_nl-(f2_nl-f2_fl)*L2/kVA where L2=L-L1 +L1=(f2_nl-f2_fl)*L/[(f1_nl-f1_fl)+(f2_nl-f2_fl)];//kW +L2=L-L1;//kW +disp("Part(a)"); +disp(L1,"Load supplied by first machine(kW)"); +disp(L2,"Load supplied by second machine(kW)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +L2=4000;//kW//Machine2 is supplying 4000kW +fdrop1=f1_nl-f1_fl;//Hz(frequency drop of machine 1) +fdrop2=f2_nl-f2_fl;//Hz(frequency drop of machine 2) +L1=L2*fdrop2/fdrop1;//kW//Load supplied by machine 1 +L=L1+L2;//kW//Total Load +disp(L,"Total load supplied without getting over loaded(kW)") diff --git a/2441/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce b/2441/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2f59e7e82 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH4/EX4.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Exa 4.2 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +Lt=3000;//kW//Total Load +pf=0.8;//Power factor Lagging +I=150;//A +ZA=0.4+%i*12;//ohm//synchronous impedence +ZB=0.5+%i*10;//ohm//synchronous impedence +Vt=6.6;//kV//Terminal Voltage +L=Lt/2;//kW//Load supplied by each machine +LA=L;//kW +LB=L;//kW +//LB=sqrt(3)*Vt*IB*cosd(theta_B); +theta_B=acosd(LB/sqrt(3)/Vt/I);//degree +IB=I*(cosd(theta_B)-%i*sind(theta_B));//A +I_total=Lt/sqrt(3)/Vt/pf;//A//Total Current +IA_plus_IB=I_total*(0.8-%i*0.6);//A +IA=IA_plus_IB-IB;//A +cos_thetaA=real(IA)/abs(IA);//lagging power factor +EA=Vt/sqrt(3)+IA*ZA/1000;//kV per phase +del_A=atand(imag(EA)/real(EA));//degree//Load Angle +emf_A=abs(EA);//kV per phase//Induced emf of machine A +EB=Vt/sqrt(3)+IB*ZB/1000;//kV per phase +del_B=atand(imag(EB)/real(EB));//degree//Load Angle +emf_B=abs(EB);//kV per phase//Induced emf of machine A +IA=abs(IA);//A +disp(IA,"Current on machine A(A) : "); +pfA=cos_thetaA;//power factor +disp(pfA,"Lagging power factor of machine A"); +format('v',5); +disp(emf_A,"Induced emf of machine A(kV per phase)"); +disp(del_A,"Load angle of machine A(degree)"); +disp(del_B,"Load angle of machine B(degree)"); +disp(emf_B,"Induced emf of machine B(kV per phase)"); +//Answer in the textbook is not accurate. diff --git a/2441/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce b/2441/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ea8516202 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH4/EX4.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Exa 4.3 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',5); +P=5;//MVA +V=1000;//V +speed=1500;//rpm//speed +ns=speed/60;//rps +f=50;//Hz +pf=0.8;//Power factor Lagging +Xs=20;//%//synchronous reluctance +Xs=Xs/100;///p.u. +disp("Part(a)"); +V=1;//p.u.//on no load +E=1;//p.u.//on no load +Ps=V*E/Xs;//p.u. +Ps=Ps*P;//MW per elect. radian +Ps=Ps*1000;//kW per elect. radian +//1 mech. radian=%pi/90 elect. radian +Ps=Ps*%pi/90;//kW per mech. degree +disp(Ps,"Synchronising power per mech. degree(kW)"); +d=0.5;//degree////displacement +Ts=Ps*1000*d/2/%pi/ns;//N-m +format('v',6); +disp(Ts,"Synchronising torque(N-m)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +theta=acosd(pf);//degree +E=V+(cosd(theta)-%i*sind(theta))*%i*Xs;//p.u. +Ps=V*E/Xs;//p.u. +Ps=Ps*P;//MW per elect. radian +Ps=Ps*1000;//kW per elect. radian +//1 mech. radian=%pi/90 elect. radian +Ps=Ps*%pi/90;//kW per mech. degree +Ps=abs(Ps);//kW per mech. degree +disp(Ps,"Synchronising power per mech. degree(kW)"); +d=0.5;//degree////displacement +Ts=abs(Ps)*1000*d/2/%pi/ns;//N-m +disp(Ts,"Synchronising torque(N-m)"); +//Answer in the textbook is not accurate. diff --git a/2441/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/2441/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..19fbc2899 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Exa 4.4 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +P=2;//MVA +V=6000;//V +speed=750;//rpm//speed +ns=speed/60;//rps +Zs=6;//ohm/phase +f=50;//Hz +pf=0.8;//Power factor Lagging +//Calculation +I=P*10^6/sqrt(3)/V;//A//Current +theta=acosd(pf);//degree +E=V/sqrt(3)+I*(cosd(theta)-%i*sind(theta))*%i*Zs;//V +Ps=V*sqrt(3)*E/Zs/1000;//kw per elect. radian +Ps=Ps*4*%pi/180;//kW per mech. degree +Ps=abs(Ps);//kW per mech. degree +disp(Ps,"Synchronising power per mech. degree(kW)"); +Ts=abs(Ps)*1000/2/%pi/ns;//N-m +disp(Ts,"Synchronising torque(N-m)"); +//Answer in the textbook is not accurate. diff --git a/2441/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce b/2441/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d4df3b319 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH4/EX4.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Exa 4.5 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +I=100;//A///Current +V=11;//kV +Xs=4;//ohm/phase +f=50;//Hz +pf=0.8;//Power factor Lagging +//Calculation +theta=acosd(pf);//degree +disp("Part(a)"); +E=V*1000/sqrt(3)+I*(cosd(theta)-%i*sind(theta))*%i*Xs;//V +del=atand(imag(E)/real(E));//degree +E=abs(E);//V/phase +disp(E,"Open circuit phase emf(V/phase)"); +disp(del,"Angle delta(degree)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +del_dash=10+del;//degree +P_by_V=E*sind(del_dash)/Xs;//per phase +//P=V*I*cos_fi +I_cos_fi=P_by_V; +//V*1000/sqrt(3)+I*(cos_fi-%i*sin_fi)*%i*Xs=E +I_sin_fi={sqrt(E^2-(4*I_cos_fi^2))-V*1000/sqrt(3)}/4; +tan_fi=I_sin_fi/I_cos_fi; +fi=atand(tan_fi);//degree +I=I_cos_fi/cosd(fi);//A +disp(I,"New load current(A)"); +pf=cosd(fi);//lagging power factor +disp(pf,"Its power factor(lagging)"); +disp("Part(c)"); +pf1=0.8;///original power factor +Idash=I*pf/pf1;//Current +disp(Idash,"New value of load current(A)"); +//Answer is slightly differ because of accuracy in calculations. diff --git a/2441/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce b/2441/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3fd4dd730 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH4/EX4.6/Ex4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Exa 4.6 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +G=200;//MVA +H=6;//MJ/MVA///Inertia Constant +V=11;//kV +f=50;//Hz +L1=120;//MW +L2=160;//MW + +//Calculation +disp("Part(a)"); +Es=G*H;//MJ////Stored Energy +disp(Es,"Stored energy(MJ)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +Pa=L1-L2;//MW +M=G*H/180/f;//MJ-sec/elect.deg. +alfa=-Pa/M;//elect.deg./sec^2///Retardation +disp(alfa,"Motor retardation(elect.deg.sec^2)"); +disp("Part(c)"); +n=5;//cycles +t=n/f;//sec +del_change=1/2*-alfa*t^2;//elect.deg. +disp(del_change,"Change in power angle(elect.deg.)"); +alfa=alfa*60/(180*4);//rpm/sec +ns=1500;//rpm +nr=ns+(-alfa)*t;//rpm;///rotor speed +disp(nr,"Rotor speed at the end of 5 cycle(rpm)"); +disp("Part(d)") +H2=4;//MJ/MVA +G2=150;//MVA +Gb=100;//MVA +Heb=H*G/Gb+H2*G2/Gb;//MJ/MVA +disp(Heb,"Inertia constant for the equivalent generator(MJ/MVA)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d876f6ae0 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 5.1 +clc;clear;close; +P=100;//MW +drop=4;//%(No load to full load drop) +f=50;//Hz +disp("Part(i)"); +p=1;//MW(For calculating per unit MW) +R=(drop/100)*f/p;//Hz/p.u.MW +disp(R,"Speed regulation in Hz/p.u.MW"); +R=(drop/100)*f/P;//Hz/MW +disp(R,"Speed regulation in Hz/MW"); +disp("Part(ii)"); +del_f=-0.1;//Hz(Frequency drop) +delP=-1/R*del_f;//MW(Change in power output) +disp(delP,"Change in power output(MW)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0248833b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Example 5.10 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +s=poly(0,'s');//for transfer function +Tg=0.2;//sec///time constant of governing system +Tt=2;//sec///time constant of turbine +Gr=1/(1+Tg*s);//Transfer function of governer +Gt=1/(1+Tt*s);//Transfer function of turbine +C=1500;//MW +f=50;//Hz +R=4;//%////Speed regulation constant +H=5;//sec////Inertia constant +delPL=1;//%////change in load +delf=1;//%////change in frequency +disp("Part(a)"); +R=R/100*f;//z/p.u.MW +D=delPL/delf*C/f;//MW/Hz +D=D/C;//p.u.MW/Hz +Kp=1/D;//Hz/p.u.MW +Tp=2*H/f/D;//sec +Gp=Kp/(1+Tp*s);//Transfer function of power system +delFs=-Gp/(1+Gr*Gt*Gp/R); +disp(delFs,"delFs = M/s*"); +disp("Part(b)"); +delf0_by_M=-Kp/(1+Kp/R);//Hz +delf0=delf/100*f;//Hz +M=delf0/delf0_by_M;//p.u.MW +M=M*C;//MW +disp(M,"Largest step change(MW)"); +//Transfer functions multiplication Gr*Gt*Gp is calculated & it is not possible to show together without calculated as in the book. diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3cbf38e28 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 5.11 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',8); +GA=5000;//MW +GB=10000;//MW +R=2;//Hz/p.u.MW////Speed regulation constant +D=0.01;//p.u.MW/Hz +Ls=100;//MW//Load increase +RA=R*GB/GA;//Hz/p.u.MW +DA=D*GA/GB;//p.u.MW/Hz +RB=R;//Hz/p.u.MW +DB=D;//p.u.MW/Hz +Beta_A=DA+1/RA;//p.u.MW/Hz +Beta_B=DB+1/RB;//p.u.MW/Hz +MA=0;//Load increase +MB=Ls/GB;//p.u.MW +delf0=-MB/(Beta_A+Beta_B);//Hz +disp(delf0,"Static frequency drop(Hz)"); +format('v',6); +delPAB=Beta_A*MB/(Beta_A+Beta_B);//p.u.MW +delPAB=delPAB*GB;//MW +disp(delPAB,"Change in tie line power(MW)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..61f7c848f --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Example 5.12 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',8); +GA=500;//MW +GB=2000;//MW +RA=2.5;//Hz/p.u.MW////Speed regulation constant +RB=2;//Hz/p.u.MW////Speed regulation constant +Ls=20;//MW//Load increase +f=50;//Hz +delL=1;//%////change in load +delf=1;//%////change in frequency +DA=delL/delf*GA/f;//MW/Hz +DA=DA/GB;//p.u.MW/Hz +DB=delL/delf*GB/f;//MW/Hz +DB=DB/GB;//p.u.MW/Hz +RA=RA*GB/GA;//Hz/p.u.MW +Beta_A=DA+1/RA;//p.u.MW/Hz +Beta_B=DB+1/RB;//p.u.MW/Hz +disp("Part(a)"); +MA=Ls/GB;//unitless +MB=0;//unitless +delf0=-MA/(Beta_A+Beta_B);//Hz +disp(delf0,"Change in frequency(Hz)"); +delPAB=-Beta_B*MA/(Beta_B+Beta_A);//p.u.MW +delPAB=delPAB*GB;//MW +disp(delPAB,"Change in tie line power(MW)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +MB=Ls/GB;//unitless +MA=0;//unitless +delf0=-MB/(Beta_A+Beta_B);//Hz +disp(delf0,"Change in frequency(Hz)"); +delPAB=Beta_A*MB/(Beta_B+Beta_A);//p.u.MW +delPAB=delPAB*GB;//MW +disp(delPAB,"Change in tie line power(MW)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e15752a36 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.13/Ex5_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 5.13 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',5); +G=4000;//MW +R=2;//Hz/p.u.MW////Speed regulation constant +H=5;//sec +C=600;//MW//Capacity +theta=40;//degree///Power angle +f=50;//Hz +disp("Part(a)"); +T=C/G*cosd(theta);//sec +omega0=sqrt([2*%pi*f*T/H-(f/4/R/H)^2]);//radian/sec +disp(omega0,"Frequency of oscillation(radian/sec)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +delLB=100;//MW//change in load in area B +delPAB=delLB/2;//MW//because Beta_A=Beta_B +disp(delPAB,"Change in tie line power(MW)"); +disp("Part(c)"); +format('v',6); +omega0=sqrt([2*%pi*f*T/H]);//radian/sec +disp(omega0,"Frequency of oscillation(radian/sec)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ea9c0f992 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.14/Ex5_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 5.14 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +C1=300;//MW +C2=400;//MW +G1=4;//%//droop characteristics of governer +G2=5;//%//droop characteristics of governer +L=600;//MW +f=50;//Hz +//Load on first generator =L1 +//Load on second generator =L-L1 +//f-G1*f/100*(L1/C1)=f-G2*f/100*(L2/C2) +L1=G2*L/C2/(G1/C1+G2/C2);//MW +L2=L-L1;//MW +disp(L1,"Load on first generator(MW)"); +disp(L2,"Load on second generator(MW)"); +fLoad=f*(1-L1/C1*G1/100);//Hz +disp(fLoad,"Frequency at load(Hz)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..70dcdecff --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.15/Ex5_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 5.15 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +G=100;//MVA +f=50;//Hz +delL=50;//MW +Tc=0.4;//sec +H=5;///kWs/kVA +KE=G*1000*H;//kWs +delKE=delL*1000*Tc;////kWs///due to decrease in load +fnew=sqrt((KE+delKE)/KE) *f;//Hz +fdev=(fnew-f)/f*100;//% +disp(fnew,"New frequency(Hz)"); +disp(fdev,"Frequency deviation(%)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d43b1991d --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.16/Ex5_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 5.16 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +G=100;//MVA +f=50;//Hz +delL=60;//MW +Tc=0.35;//sec +H=5;///kWs/kVA +KE=G*1000*H;//kWs +delKE=(G-delL)*1000*Tc;////kWs///due to decrease in load +fnew=sqrt((KE+delKE)/KE) *f;//Hz +fdev=(fnew-f)/f*100;//% +disp(fnew,"New frequency(Hz)"); +format('v',6); +disp(fdev,"Frequency deviation(%)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..32be3be11 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.17/Ex5_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 5.17 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +KE=1500;//MJ +Pin=5;//MW +f=50;//Hz +t=1;//sec +delKE=Pin*t;////MJ///due to power inputs +fnew=sqrt((KE+delKE)/KE) *f;//Hz +delf=fnew-f;///Hz/second +disp(delf,"Frequency increase rate(Hz/sec)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ae6e885b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.18/Ex5_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 5.18 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +C=2000;//MW///Capacity +L=1000;//MW//Load +H=5;//kWs/KVA +R=2.4;//Hz/puMW//Regulation +f=50;//Hz +delL=1;//%////change in load +delf=1;//%////change in frequency +D=delL/delf*L/f;//MW/Hz +D=D/C;//p.u.MW/Hz +Kp=1/D;//Hz/p.u.MW +Tp=2*H/f/D;//sec +disp("Primary ALFC loop parameters are : "); +disp(D,"D(p.u.MW/Hz)"); +disp(Kp,"Kp(Hz/p.u.MW)"); +disp(Tp,"Tp(sec)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..019ba7a74 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.19/Ex5_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 5.19 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +Tp=10;//sec +Tg=0;//sec +Tt=0;//sec +Kp=100;//Hz/p.u.MW +R=3;///Hz/CuMW +delPD=0.1;//p.u. +Ki=0.1;//constant +f=50;//Hz +s=poly(0,'s'); +delFs=-Kp/Tp*[delPD/(s^2+s*{(1+Kp/R)/Tp})+Ki*Kp/Tp]; +n=1;//cycle +time_error=n/f;//sec +disp(time_error,"Total time error(sec)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6dd02222b --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 5.2 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +P=100;//MVA +f=50;//Hz +H=5;//kW-sec/kVA(Constant) +delP=50;//MW(Increased Load) +td=0.5;//s(Time delay) +P=P/1000;//kVA +KE=P*H;//kW-sec +delP=delP/1000;//kW(Increased Load) +KE_loss=delP*td;//kW-s +f_new=sqrt((KE-KE_loss)/KE)*f;//Hz +f_dev=(f-f_new)/f*100;//%(Frequency deviation) +disp(f_dev,"Frequency deviation(%)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bf7d7895d --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.20/Ex5_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Example 5.20 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +L=14;//MW//Total Load +C1=15;//MW +R1=3;//%//speed regulation +C2=4;//MW +R2=4;//%//speed regulation +LB=4;//MW//Load on bus bar +LA=10;//MW///Load on bus bar +f=50;//Hz +//Load on station A= L1 MW +//Load on station B= L-L1 MW +//f-C1*f/100*(L1/C1)=f-C2*f/100*(L2/C2) +L1=R2*L/C2/(R1/C1+R2/C2);//MW +L2=L-L1;//MW +disp(L1,"Load generation at station A(MW)"); +disp(L2,"Load generation at station B(MW)"); +Pt=L1-LA;//MW//Power transmitted A to B +f_oper=f-R1/100/C1*(L1)*f;//Hz +disp(f_oper,"Operating Frequency(Hz)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..91d72357b --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.21/Ex5_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 5.21 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +C1=300;//MW +C2=400;//MW +G1=4;//%//droop characteristics of governer +G2=6;//%//droop characteristics of governer +L=400;//MW +f=50;//Hz +L1=C1*L/(C1+C2);//MW//Load on 300 MW generator +L2=L*C2/(C1+C2);//MW//Load on 400 MW generator +f01=f*(C1)/(C1-G1/100*L1);//Hz///No load frequency +disp(f01,"No load frequency of 300 MW generator(Hz)"); +f02=f*(C2)/(C2-G2/100*L2);//Hz///No load frequency +disp(f02,"No load frequency of 400 MW generator(Hz)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f5e545c14 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.22/Ex5_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 5.22 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +C1=200;//MW +C2=100;//MW +R1=1.5;//%//speed regulation +R2=3;//%//speed regulation +L=100;//MW///Load on each bus +f=50;//Hz +RA=R1/100*f/C1;//Hz/MW +RB=R2/100*f/C2;//Hz/MW +//Let PA= generation at plant A +//PB=2*L-PA will be generation at plant B +//RA*PA=RB*PB +PA=RB*2*L/(RA+RB);//MW +PB=2*L-PA;//MW +disp(PA,"Load generation at plant A(MW)"); +disp(PB,"Load generation at plant B(MW)"); +Pt=PA-L;//MW///Power transfer +disp(Pt,"Power transfer from A to B(MW)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..067acca6d --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.23/Ex5_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 5.23 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +Z=1.5+%i*2.5;//ohm +V=11;//kV +P=20;//MW +pf=0.8;//power factor +theta=acosd(pf); +I=P*1000/sqrt(3)/V/pf;// +I=I*expm(%i*-theta*%pi/180);//A +Vdrop=I*Z;//V +Vboost=Vdrop;//V +disp(Vboost,"Voltage boost needed at station A(V)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ac0085ca4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.24/Ex5_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 5.24 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +Z=3+%i*9;//%///impedence +Z=Z/100;//p.u.///Impedence +I=1;//p.u. +IZ=Z;//p.u. +disp("Part(a)"); +//2*I^2-2*cos(del)=[abs(IZ)]^2 +cos_del=acosd((2*I^2-[abs(IZ)]^2)/2);//degree +disp(cos_del,"Phase angle between two station(degree)"); +angle_abc=87.277;///degree +theta=180-angle_abc-atand(imag(IZ)/real(IZ));//degree +Preal=I^2*cosd(theta);//p.u. +disp(Preal,"Real power transfer(p.u.)"); +Preactive=I^2*sind(theta);//p.u. +disp(Preactive,"Reactive power transfer(p.u.)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +//1.05^2+1^2-2*1.05*cos(del)=[abs(IZ)]^2 +cos_del=acosd((1.05^2+1^2-[abs(IZ)]^2)/2/1.05);//degree +disp(cos_del,"Phase angle between two station(degree)"); +angle_dbc=60.53;///degree +theta=atand(imag(IZ)/real(IZ))-angle_dbc//degree +Preal=I^2*cosd(theta);//p.u. +disp(Preal,"Real power transfer(p.u.)"); +Preactive=I^2*sind(theta);//p.u. +disp(Preactive,"Reactive power transfer(p.u.)"); +//Answer in the textbook is not accurate. diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a8f494730 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 5.3 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +P1=500;//MW +P2=200;//MW +f=50;//Hz +delP=140;//MW(System load increase) +f_new=49.5;//Hz(Frequency after drop) +delP1=delP*P1/(P1+P2);//MW +delP2=delP*P2/(P1+P2);//MW +f_dev=f_new-f;//Hz +//For delPdash=0, R1 &R2 can be calculated as : +R1=-1/delP1*f_dev;//Hz/MW +R2=-1/delP2*f_dev;//Hz/MW +disp(R2,R1,"Value of R for unit 1 & 2(Hz/MW)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb242095e --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 5.4 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',8); +f=50;//Hz +R=2;//Hz/pu MW +Pr=10000;//MW(Rated Capacity) +P=Pr/2;//MW(Operating Power) +delP=2;//%(Load Increase) +del_f=f*1/100;//Hz(1% change in frequency) +del_PL=P*1/100;//MW(1% change in load) +//Rate of change of load with frequency : +D=del_PL/del_f;//MW/Hz +D=D/Pr;//p.u. MW/Hz +//Frequency response characteristic : +Beta=D+1/R;//p.u. MW/Hz +M=delP/100*P;//MW +M=M/Pr;//p.u. MW +del_fo=-M/Beta;//Hz +disp(del_fo,"Static frequency drop(Hz)") +R=%inf; +Beta=D+1/R;//p.u. MW/Hz +del_fo=-M/Beta;//Hz +disp(del_fo,"If speed governer loop is open, frequency drop(Hz)") diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ec2d952b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 5.5 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +C=10000;//MW(Control area capacity) +P=5000;//MW +H=5;//s +R=3;//Hz/pu MW +f=50;//Hz +del_f=f*1/100;//Hz +del_PL=P*1/100;//MW +D=del_PL/del_f;//MW/Hz +D=D/C;//p.u. MW/Hz +//Primary ALFC loop parameters : +Kp=1/D;//Hz/p.u. MW +Tp=2*H/f/D;//s +disp("Primary ALFC loop parameters :") +disp(Kp,"Kp(Hz/p.u. MW)"); +disp(Tp,"Tp(seconds)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1f0349eac --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Example 5.6 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +f=50;//Hz +R=2;//Hz/pu MW +Pr=10000;//MW(Rated Capacity) +P=Pr/2;//MW(Operating Power) +delP=2;//%(Load Increase) +del_f=f*1/100;//Hz(1% change in frequency) +del_PL=P*1/100;//MW(1% change in load) +//Rate of change of load with frequency : +D=del_PL/del_f;//MW/Hz +D=D/Pr;//p.u. MW/Hz +//Frequency response characteristic : +Beta=D+1/R;//p.u. MW/Hz +M=delP/100*P;//MW +M=M/Pr;//p.u. MW +del_fo=-M/Beta;//Hz +disp("Frequency drop contribution to increase in load(MW) : "); +delP_fo=-del_fo*(D*Pr);//MW +disp(delP_fo); +disp("Increase in generation to meet the increase load(MW) "); +delP_gen=-del_fo/R*Pr;//MW +disp(delP_gen); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3bb22d797 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.7/Ex5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 5.7 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',5); +G=100;//MVA +f=50;//Hz +n=3000;//rpm +L=25;//MW//Load +td=0.5;//sec +H=4.5;//MW-sec/MVA +//Calculation +KE=H*G;//MW-sec////at no load +KE_Loss=L*td;//MW-sec///due to increase in load +f_new=sqrt((KE-KE_Loss)/KE)*f;//Hz +delF=(f-f_new)/f*100;//%////frequency deviation +disp(delF,"Frequency deviation(%)"); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9194eff06 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Example 5.8 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +C=4000;//MW +f=50;//Hz +L=2500;//MW//Load +R=2;//Hz/p.u.MW////Speed regulation constant +H=5;//sec////Inertia constant +delPL=2;//%////change in load +delf=1;//%////change in frequency +disp("Part(a)"); +D=delPL/delf*L/f;//MW/Hz +D=D/C;//p.u.MW/Hz +Beta=D+1/R;//p.u.MW/Hz +delf0=-0.2;//Hz +M=-(delf0)*Beta;//p.u.MW +M=M*C;//MW +disp(M,"Largest change in step load(MW)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +Kp=1/D;//Hz/p.u.MW +Tp=2*H/f/D;//sec +Tdash=(R+Kp)/R/Tp;//sec +disp(Tdash,"(R+Kp)/(R*Tp) in seconds = "); +printf('Change in frequency as a funtion of time, \ndelf(t) = -0.2*(1-epsilon^(-%f*t))',Tdash); diff --git a/2441/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce b/2441/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ef755fe69 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH5/EX5.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Example 5.9 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +C=4000;//MW +f=50;//Hz +L=C;//MW//Load +R=2.5;//%////Speed regulation constant +H=5;//sec////Inertia constant +delPL=1;//%////change in load +delf=1;//%////change in frequency +disp("Part(a)"); +Ls=80;//MW;//increase in step to load +R=R/100*f;//z/p.u.MW +D=delPL/delf*L/f;//MW/Hz +D=D/C;//p.u.MW/Hz +M=Ls/L;//unitless//for given step load +Kp=1/D;//Hz/p.u.MW +Tp=2*H/f/D;//sec +Tdash1=(R+Kp)/R/Tp;//sec +disp(Tdash1,"(R+Kp)/(R*Tp) in seconds = "); +Tdash2=(R*Kp*M)/(R+Kp);//sec +disp(Tdash2,"(R*Kp*M)/(R+Kp) in seconds = "); +delf0=-Tdash2;//Hz////Static frequency error +disp(delf0,"Static frequency error(Hz)"); +disp("Part(b)"); +Ki=(1+Kp/R)^2/4/Tp/Kp;//p.u.MW/Hz +disp(Ki,"Critical value of Ki(p.u.MW/Hz)"); diff --git a/2441/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce b/2441/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a8176db35 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH6/EX6.1/Ex6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//exa 6.1 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +kV=220;//kV +Z=0.8+%i*0.2;//pu +V=1;//V(Voltage at load terminal) +X=0.2+0.05;//pu(line and transformer reactance) +P=real(Z);//pu +Q=imag(Z);//pu +BaseMVA=100;//MVA +BasekV=220;//kV +I=sqrt((P^2+Q^2)/V^2)*expm(%i*atan(-imag(Z),real(Z)));//pu +Vb=V+I*(X*expm(%i*%pi/2));//pu(Voltage at 200 kV bus) +fi_p=atand(imag(Vb),real(Vb));//degree(power angle) +Vb=abs(Vb)*kV;//kV(Voltage at 200 kV bus) +pf=cosd(fi_p+atand(imag(Z),real(Z)));//power factor at 220 kV bus +disp(Vb,"Voltage at 220 kV bus (kV)"); +disp(pf,"Power factor at 220 kV bus (lagging)"); diff --git a/2441/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce b/2441/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b9a676dfc --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH6/EX6.2/Ex6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//exa 6.2 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +kV=220;//kV +Z=0.8+%i*0.2;//pu +V=1;//V(Voltage at load terminal) +X=0.2+0.05;//pu(line and transformer reactance) +P=real(Z);//pu +Q=imag(Z);//pu +BaseMVA=100;//MVA +BasekV=220;//kV +I=sqrt((P^2+Q^2)/V^2);//pu +Vb=V+I*(X*expm(%i*%pi/2));//pu(Voltage at 200 kV bus) +fi_p=atand(imag(Vb),real(Vb));//degree(power angle) +Vb=abs(Vb)*kV;//kV(Voltage at 200 kV bus) +pf=cosd(fi_p);//power factor at 220 kV bus +disp(Vb,"Voltage at 220 kV bus (kV)"); +format('v',5); +disp(pf,"Power factor at 220 kV bus (lagging)"); diff --git a/2441/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/2441/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ae154bdda --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +//exa 6.3 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +l=350;//km(length of line) +Z=180*expm(%i*75*%pi/180);//ohm/phase(Total) +Y=1*10^-3*expm(%i*90*%pi/180);//Siemens/phase(Total) +z=Z/l;//ohm/km +y=Y/l;//Siemens/km +re=l*sqrt(z*y);// +Zc=sqrt(z/y);//ohm +disp("Part(a) A,B,C,D parameters are : "); +A=cosh(re);//unitless +D=A;//unitless +B=Zc*sinh(re);//ohm +C=sinh(re)/Zc;//unitless +A_mag=abs(A);//unitless +A_angle=atand(imag(A)/real(A));//degree +B_mag=abs(B);//ohm +B_angle=atand(imag(B)/real(B));//degree +C_mag=abs(C);//unitless +C_angle=atand(imag(C)/real(C));//degree +C_angle=C_angle+180;//degree(Converting -ve to +ve angle) +D_mag=abs(D);//unitless +D_angle=atand(imag(D)/real(D));//degree +disp(A_mag,"Magnitude of A : "); +format('v',5); +disp(A_angle,"Angle of A(degree) : "); +format('v',7); +disp(B_mag,"Magnitude of B(ohm) : "); +format('v',6); +disp(B_angle,"Angle of B(degree) : "); +format('v',8); +disp(C_mag,"Magnitude of C : "); +format('v',6); +disp(C_angle,"Angle of C(degree) : "); +format('v',7); +disp(D_mag,"Magnitude of D : "); +format('v',5); +disp(D_angle,"Angle of D(degree) : "); +//60% series compensation +B=B-%i*60/100*abs(Z)*sind(atand(imag(Z),real(Z)));//ohm(considering series compensation=60%) +//For Equivalent pi-circuit +disp("Part(b) A,B,C,D parameters of compensated line are : "); +Ydash=2/Zc*[(cosh(re)-1)/sinh(re)];//S +A=1+B*Ydash/2;//unitless +D=A;//unitless +C=2*Ydash/2+B*(Ydash/2)^2;//unitless +A_mag=abs(A);//unitless +A_angle=atand(imag(A)/real(A));//degree +B_mag=abs(B);//ohm +B_angle=atand(imag(B)/real(B));//degree +C_mag=abs(C);//unitless +C_angle=atand(imag(C)/real(C));//degree +C_angle=C_angle+180;//degree(Converting -ve to +ve angle) +D_mag=abs(D);//unitless +D_angle=atand(imag(D)/real(D));//degree +format('v',4); +disp(B_mag,"Magnitude of B(ohm) : "); +format('v',6); +disp(B_angle,"Angle of B(degree) : "); +format('v',7); +disp(A_mag,"Magnitude of A : "); +format('v',5); +disp(A_angle,"Angle of A(degree) : "); +format('v',6); +disp(C_mag,"Magnitude of C : "); +format('v',5); +disp(C_angle,"Angle of C(degree) : "); +format('v',7); +disp(D_mag,"Magnitude of D : "); +format('v',5); +disp(D_angle,"Angle of D(degree) : "); +//Answer for some parts are not accurate in the textbook. diff --git a/2441/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/2441/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d7c9452c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ +//exa 6.4 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +l=350;//km(length of line) +Z=180*expm(%i*75*%pi/180);//ohm/phase(Total) +Y=1*10^-3*expm(%i*90*%pi/180);//Siemens/phase(Total) +z=Z/l;//ohm/km +y=Y/l;//Siemens/km +re=l*sqrt(z*y);// +Zc=sqrt(z/y);//ohm +disp("For Uncompensated Line, Constants are :"); +B=Z;//ohm//B Parameter +A=1+Z*Y/2;//unitless//A Parameter +D=A;//unitless//D Parameter +C=Y*(1+Z*Y/4);//S//C Parameter +A_mag=abs(A); +A_angle=atand(imag(A)/real(A));//degree +B_mag=abs(B); +B_angle=atand(imag(B)/real(B));//degree +C_mag=abs(C); +C_angle=atand(imag(C)/real(C))+180;//degree +D_mag=abs(D); +D_angle=atand(imag(D)/real(D));//degree +disp(B_angle,B_mag,"Magnitude and Angle(degree) of B(ohm) is "); +disp(A_angle,A_mag,"Magnitude and Angle(degree) of A is "); +disp(D_angle,D_mag,"Magnitude and Angle(degree) of D is "); +format('v',9); +disp(C_mag,"Magnitude of C(S) is "); +format('v',6); +disp(C_angle,"Angle(degree) of C is "); +disp("For Compensated Line, Constants are :"); +B=Z-0.6*%i*406;//ohm//B Parameter +A=1+conj(B)*Y/2;//unitless//A Parameter +D=A;//unitless//D Parameter +C=Y*(1+Z*Y/4);//S//C Parameter +A_mag=abs(A); +A_angle=atand(imag(A)/real(A));//degree +B_mag=abs(B); +B_angle=-atand(imag(B)/real(B));//degree +C_mag=abs(C); +C_angle=atand(imag(C)/real(C))+180;//degree +D_mag=abs(D); +D_angle=atand(imag(D)/real(D));//degree +disp(B_angle,B_mag,"Magnitude and Angle(degree) of B(ohm) is "); +disp(A_angle,A_mag,"Magnitude and Angle(degree) of A is "); +disp(D_angle,D_mag,"Magnitude and Angle(degree) of D is "); +format('v',9); +disp(C_mag,"Magnitude of C(S) is "); +format('v',6); +disp(C_angle,"Angle(degree) of C is "); diff --git a/2441/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/2441/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..76a9421ff --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//exa 6.5 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +kv1=220;//kv +kv2=132;//kv +baseMVA=200;//MVA +//Base impedence in 132 kv circuit +baseZ2=kv2^2/baseMVA;//ohm +z1=%i*75;//ohm +z2=%i*70;//ohm +z3=%i*90;//ohm +z1=z1/baseZ2;//pu +z2=z2/baseZ2;//pu +z3=z3/baseZ2;//pu +X_AD=%i*0.08+z1;//pu//Reactance from A to D +X_BD=%i*0.08+z2;//pu//Reactance from A to D +Zp=z3*X_AD*X_BD/(z3*X_AD+z3*X_BD+X_BD+X_AD);//parallel combination +sc_D=baseMVA/abs(Zp);//MVA//Short Circuit MVA at D +delQBYdelV=sc_D/kv2;//MVA/kv +delQ=delQBYdelV*4;//MVar +disp(delQ,"Var injection at Bus D(MVar) : "); +//Answer in the textbook is not accurate. diff --git a/2441/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/2441/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6d60c08fb --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//exa 6.6 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +A=0.98*expm(%i*3*%pi/180);//Constant +B=110*expm(%i*75*%pi/180);//ohm/phase +P=50;//MVA +pf=0.8;//lagging +V=132;//kV +//Formula : Pr=|Vs|*|Vr|/|B|*cosd(Beta-delta)-|A|*|Vr|^2/|B|*cosd(Beta-alfa) : +betaSUBdelta=acosd((P*pf+abs(A)*V^2/abs(B)*cosd(atand(imag(B),real(B))-atand(imag(A),real(A))))/V^2*abs(B)); +Qr=V^2/abs(B)*sind(betaSUBdelta)-abs(A)*V^2/abs(B)*sind(atand(imag(B),real(B))-atand(imag(A),real(A)));//MVar +Qr=P*0.6-Qr;//MVar//Since load require lagging component +disp(Qr,"(a) Capacity of shunt compensation equipment(MVar) : "); +//part(b) +//Formula : Pr=|Vs|*|Vr|/|B|*cosd(Beta-delta)-|A|*|Vr|^2/|B|*cosd(Beta-alfa) : +format('v',5); +P=0;//MW +betaSUBdelta=acosd((P*pf+abs(A)*V^2/abs(B)*cosd(atand(imag(B),real(B))-atand(imag(A),real(A))))/V^2*abs(B)); +Qr=V^2/abs(B)*sind(betaSUBdelta)-abs(A)*V^2/abs(B)*sind(atand(imag(B),real(B))-atand(imag(A),real(A)));//MVar +Qr=P*0.6-Qr;//MVar//Since load require lagging component +disp(-Qr,"(b) Capacity of shunt compensation equipment(MVar) : "); diff --git a/2441/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/2441/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ae9bb1f1e --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//exa 6.7 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +V=220;//kV +Z=20+%i*60;//ohm +Pr=100;//MVA +pf=0.8;//lagging pf +P=Pr*10^6*pf/3;//W +theta=acosd(pf);//degree +Q=Pr*10^6*sind(theta)/3;//Vars +V1=V/sqrt(3)*1000;//V +V2=V1;//V +//ts^2*[1-(R*P+X*Q)/V1/V2]=V2/V1 +ts=sqrt(V2/V1/[1-(real(Z)*P+imag(Z)*Q)/V1/V2]); +tr=1/ts; +disp(ts,"Tap settings : ts is "); +format('v',5); +disp(tr,"tr is "); diff --git a/2441/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce b/2441/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d4bb7a779 --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH6/EX6.8/Ex6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//exa 6.8 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',6); +kV1=132;//kV +kV2=33;//kV +kV3=11;//kV +MVA1=75;//MVA +MVA2=50;//MVA +MVA3=25;//MVA +X=0.12;//p.u. +//part(a) +P=60;//MW +V1=125;//kV +V1=V1/kV1;//p.u. +Q=MVA2/MVA1;//p.u. +//V1=Vn+X*Q/Vn +Vn=poly(0,'Vn'); +eqn=Vn^2-V1*Vn+X*Q +Vn=roots(eqn);//p.u. +Vn=Vn(1);//p.u. +Vn=Vn*kV1;//kV +k=Vn/kV2;//Transformer ratio +disp(k,"Under Load condition, transformer ratio is "); +//part(b) +V1=140;//kV +V1=V1/kV1;//p.u. +Q=MVA3/MVA1;//p.u. +//V1=Vn+X*Q/Vn +Vn=poly(0,'Vn'); +eqn=Vn^2-V1*Vn+X*Q +Vn=roots(eqn);//p.u. +Vn=Vn(1);//p.u. +Vn=Vn*kV1;//kV +k=Vn/kV2;//Transformer ratio +disp(k,"Under No Load condition, transformer ratio is "); diff --git a/2441/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/2441/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..302a335aa --- /dev/null +++ b/2441/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//exa 6.9 +clc;clear;close; +format('v',7); +V=132;//kV +Z=25+%i*66;//ohm +Pr=100;//MW +pf=0.9;//lagging pf +P=Pr*10^6/3;//W +theta=acosd(pf);//degree +Q=Pr*10^6*tand(theta)/3;//vars +V1=V/sqrt(3)*1000;//V +V2=V1;//V +//ts^2*[1-(R*P+X*Q)/V1/V2]=V2/V1 +ts=sqrt(V2/V1/[1-(real(Z)*P+imag(Z)*Q)/V1/V2]); +tr=1/ts; +disp(ts,"Tap settings : ts is "); +format('v',5); +disp(tr,"tr is "); -- cgit