From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: priyanka Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530 Subject: initial commit / add all books --- 2006/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce | 10 ++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.10/ex10_10.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.12/ex10_12.sce | 41 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.5/ex10_5.sce | 10 ++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.7/ex10_7.sce | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2006/CH10/EX10.9/ex10_9.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 11 files changed, 255 insertions(+) create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.10/ex10_10.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.12/ex10_12.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.5/ex10_5.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.7/ex10_7.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce create mode 100755 2006/CH10/EX10.9/ex10_9.sce (limited to '2006/CH10') diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fde02f7dc --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.1/ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc; +m=100; // Mass of water in kg +T0=90; // Initial temperature of water in degree celcius +T=30; // temperature of Surroundings in degree celcius +C=4.1868; // Specific heat in kJ/kg K +AE=m*C*((T0-T)-(T+273)*log ((T0+273)/(T+273))); // Available energy +Q=m*C*(T0-T); // Heat supplied +UE=Q-AE; // Unavailable energy +disp ("kJ",AE,"Available energy ="); +disp ("kJ",UE,"Unavailable energy = ","kJ",Q,"Heat supplied = "); diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.10/ex10_10.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.10/ex10_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9a161ba4d --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.10/ex10_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clc; +// State after reversible adiabatic expansion +p2=50; // pressure in kPa +s2s=6.4844; s1=6.4844; s2=6.944; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K +x2s=0.829; // Quality of steam +h2s=2252.6; h1=3256.6; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg +T2=81.33; T0=27; // Temperature in degree celcius +ws=h1-h2s; // Reversible adiabatic work +wa=831.2; // Actual work output in kJ/kg +d_AE=979.1; // Decrease in availability in kJ/LG +eff_I=wa/ws; // First law efficiency of turbine +eff_II=wa/d_AE; // Second law efficiency of turbine +disp ("%",eff_II*100,"Second law efficiency of turbine = ","%",eff_I*100,"First law efficiency of turbine = "); +w2srev2=(T2-T0)*(s2-s1); // Negative work +w1rev2=ws-w2srev2; // Decrease in availability +disp ("kJ/kg",w1rev2,"Dcresase in Availability = ","kJ/kg",w2srev2,"Negative work = "); diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..12d1c95f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.11/ex10_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clc; +p1=100; // Pressure at inlet in kPa +T1=30; // Temperature at inlet in degree celcius +V1=0; // Velocity at inlet in m/s +p2=350; // Pressure at outlet in kPa +T2=141; // Temperature at exit in degree celcius +V2=90; // Velocity at exit in m/s +p0=100; // Pressure of Surroundings in kPa +T0=30; // temperature of Surroundings in degree celcius +k=1.4; // Index of the Isentropic compression process +Cpo=1.0035; // Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg K +R=0.287; // characteristic gas constant of air in kJ/kg K +// (a).Adiabatic or polytropic compression +T2s=(T1+273)*(p2/p1)^((k-1)/k); // Temperature after isentropic compression +disp ("T2s>T2. Hence there is cooling . Compression is polytropic.","K",T2s,"Temperature after isentropic compression =", "(a).Adiabatic or polytropic compression"); +// (b).The first law efficiency of the compressor +wa=Cpo*(T1-T2)-V2^2/2000; //Actual work of compression +wT=(-R*(T1+273)*log (p2/p1))-(V2^2/2000); // Isothermal work +eff_Ilaw=wT/wa; // The first law efficiency of the compressor +disp ("%",eff_Ilaw,"(b).The first law efficiency of the compressor = "); +// (c).Minimum work input & Irreversibility +d_AE=(Cpo*(T1-T2))+((T0+273)*((R*log (p2/p1))-(Cpo*log ((T2+273)/(T1+273)))))-V2^2/2000; // decrease in availability +wmin=d_AE; // Minimum work input +wrev=wmin; +I=wrev-wa; // Irreversibility +disp ("kJ/kg",I,"Irreversibility =","kJ/kg",wmin,"Minimum work input =","(c).Minimum work input & Irreversibility"); +// (d).Second law efficiency of the compressor +eff_IIlaw=wmin/wa; // Second law efficiency of the compressor +disp ("%",eff_IIlaw*100,"(d).Second law efficiency of the compressor ="); + diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.12/ex10_12.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.12/ex10_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d2252bef6 --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.12/ex10_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +clc; +T0=313; // Surroundings temperature in kelvin +TL=233; // Refrigerated space temperature in kelvin +QL=3.5167; // Refrigeration load in kW +// (a).Carnot cycle +COPcarnot=TL/(T0-TL); // COP of carnot cycle +Wcarnot=QL/COPcarnot; // Work done +Q0=QL+Wcarnot; // Heat rejected +d_SL=-QL/TL;// Entropy change of refrigerated space +d_S0=Q0/T0; //Entropy change of surroundings +d_Sgen= d_SL+ d_S0; // Entropy generation +disp (COPcarnot,"COP of carnot cycle = ","kW",Wcarnot,"Work done = ","(a).Carnot cycle"); +printf (" \n Entropy generation = %d \n \n kJ/K s \n",d_Sgen); +// (b).Vapour compression cycle +// From Freon-12 property table & figure 10.17 +p1=0.0642; p2=0.9607; // Pressure in MPa +h1=169.5; h3=74.5; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg +s1=0.7269; s3=0.2716;// specific entropy in kJ/kg K +// By calculations s2=s1 gives the following from property table +t2=58.9; // Temperature in degree celcius +h2=217.6; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg +// From h4=h3 gives the following from chart +h4=h3; +x4=0.44; // Quality of vapour +s4=0.3195;// specific entropy in kJ/kg K +m=QL/(h1-h4); // Mass flow rate of refrigerant +W=m*(h2-h1); // Work done of vapour compression cycle +COP=QL/W; // COP of vapour compression cycle +QH=QL+W; // Heat rejected to surroundings +d_SL=-QL/TL;// Entropy change of refrigerated space +d_S0=QH/T0; //Entropy change of surroundings +d_Sgen= d_SL+ d_S0; // Entropy generation +disp (COP,"COP of vapour compression cycle = ","kW",W,"Work done = ","(b).Vapour compression cycle"); +printf (" \n Entropy generation = %f \n \n kJ/K s \n",d_Sgen); +// (c).Difference in work = Lost work of the cycle +d_work=W-Wcarnot; // Difference in work +LWcycle=QH-T0*QL/TL; // Lost work of the cycle +disp ("which is same as Difference in work","kW",LWcycle,"Lost work of the cycle= ","kW",d_work,"Difference in work = ","(c).Difference in work = Lost work of the cycle"); +// (d).Second Law efficiency of the vapour compression cycle +eff_II=COP/COPcarnot; //Second Law efficiency +disp ("%",eff_II*100,"(d).Second Law efficiency of the vapour compression cycle = "); diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..45c31dff8 --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.2/ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clc; +T=250; // Evaporation teemperature of water in degree celcius +Ta=1250; // Initial temperature of combustion gas in degree celcius +Tb=350; // Final temperature of combustion gas in degree celcius +C=1.08; // Specific heat of gas in kJ/kg K +T0=30; // temperature of Surroundings in degree celcius +hfg=1716.2; // Enthalpy of evaporation at T temperature +del_SH2O=hfg/(T+273); // Entropy change of water +mgas=hfg/(C*(Ta-Tb)); // Mass of gas +del_Sgas=mgas*C*log ((Tb+273)/(Ta+273)); // Enthalpy change of gas +del_Stotal=del_SH2O+del_Sgas; // Total entropy change +l_AE=(T0+273)*del_Stotal; // Loss of available energy +disp ("kJ",l_AE,"Loss of available energy = "); diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..52d12459f --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.3/ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc; +Cp=1.1; // Specific heat of combustion gas in kJ/kg K +T3=1600; // Initial temperature of combustion gas in Kelvin +T4=1150; // Final temperature of combustion gas in Kelvin +p1=0.1; // Pressure at inlet of boiler in MPa +p2=8;// Pressure at outlet of boiler in MPa +T2=600; // Temperature at outlet of boiler in degree celcius +m=1; // Mass of water in kg +T0=298; // temperature of Surroundings in kelvin +// (b).mass flow rate of gases per kg of water +// From steam table +h1=2758; h2=3642;// specific enthalpy in kJ/kg +s1=5.7432; s2=7.0206; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K +mgas=(h2-h1)/(Cp*(T3-T4)); //mass flow rate of gases per kg of water +disp ("kg gas / kg water",mgas,"(b).mass flow rate of gases per kg of water ="); +// (c). Degrease in Available energy +S21=s2-s1; // Change in entropy of water +S34=mgas*Cp*log (T3/T4); // Change in entropy of gases +UEgases=T0*S34; // UnAvailable energy of gas +UEsteam=T0*S21; // UnAvailable energy of steam +d_AE=UEsteam-UEgases; // Degrease in Available energy +disp ("kJ/K",-S34,"Change in entropy of gas = ","kJ/K",S21,"Change in entropy of water = ","(c)."); +disp ("kJ",UEsteam,"Unavailable energy of steam =","kJ",UEgases,"Unavailable energy of gas = "); +disp ("kJ",d_AE," Degrease in Available energy = "); diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.5/ex10_5.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.5/ex10_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b9f433b0d --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.5/ex10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clc; +T=700;// Exhaust gas temperature in degree celcius +p=120;// Exhaust gas pressure in kPa +Cpo=1.089; // Specific heat at constant pressure in kJ/kg K +R=0.287; // characteristic gas constant in kJ/kg K +p0=100; // Pressure of Surroundings in kPa +T0=30; // temperature of Surroundings in degree celcius +Cvo=Cpo-R; // Specific heat at constant volume +AE=(Cvo*(T-T0))+(p0*R*((T+273)/p-(T0+273)/p0))-((T0+273)*((Cpo*log((T+273)/(T0+273)))-(R*log (p/p0)))); // Available energy +disp ("kJ",AE,"Available energy in Exhaust gas ="); diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2b9f2302b --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.6/ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +clc; +p1=450; // Initial pressure in kPa +T=600; // Initial temperature in kelvin +V1=0.01; // Initial volume in m^3 +TR=1200; // Temperature of heat source in Kelvin +V2=0.02; // Final volume in m^3 +p0=100; // Pressure of Surroundings in kPa +T0=300; // temperature of Surroundings in kelvin +// Useful Work +W=p1*V1*log (V2/V1); // Actual work +Wsurr=p0*(V2-V1); // Surrounding work +Wu=W-Wsurr; // Useful work +disp ("kJ",Wu,"Useful Work for the process ="); +// Reversible work +Q=W; // For isothermal process +S21=Q/T; // Entropy change of system +Wrev=T0*S21-Wsurr+Q*(1-T0/TR); // reversible work +disp ("kJ",Wrev,"Reversible work for the provess ="); +// Irreversibility of the process +I=Wrev-Wu; // Irreversibility +disp ("kJ",I,"Irreversibility of the process = "); +// Entropy generation +del_Sgen=S21-Q/TR;//Entropy generation +disp ("kJ/kg",del_Sgen,"Entropy generation of the process = "); diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.7/ex10_7.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.7/ex10_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..24394e7c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.7/ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +clc; +// (i).Irreversibility in Turbine +p1=9; // Steam pressure at turbine inlet in MPa +T1=450; // Steam temperature at turbine inlet in degree celcius +p2=50; // Steam pressure at turbine outlet in MPa +x2=0.95; // Quality of steam +p0=100; // Pressure of Surroundings in kPa +T0=300; // temperature of Surroundings in kelvin +q=-10; // Heat loss in kJ/kg +// (a).Decrease in availability +// from steam table +h1=3256.6; h2=2415.4;// specific enthalpy in kJ/kg +s1=6.4844; s2=6.944; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K +d_AE=(h1-h2)-(T0*(s1-s2)); // Decrease in availability +disp ("kJ/kg",d_AE,"(a).Decrease in availability =","(i).Irreversibility in turbine"); +// (b).Maxximum work output +wrev=d_AE; //Maxximum work output +disp ("kJ/kg",wrev,"(b).Maxximum work output ="); +// (c).Actual work output +w=(h1-h2)+q; // From SSSF energy equation +disp ("kJ/kg",w,"(c).Actual work output = "); +// (d).Irreversibility +I=wrev-w; //Irreversibility +disp ("kJ/kg",I,"(d).Irreversibility = "); +// (ii).Ammonia compressor +T1=-10; // Temperature at inlet in degree celcius +p2=1.554; // Pressure at outlet in MPa +T2=140; // Temperature at outlet in degree celcius +T0=298; // temperature of Surroundings in kelvin +//from ammonia tables +h1=1433; h2=1752;// specific enthalpy in kJ/kg +s1=5.477; s2=5.655; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K +wactual=-(h2-h1); // Actual work +wmin=-((h2-h1)-(T0*(s2-s1)));// mimimum work +I=wmin-wactual;// Irreversibility +disp ("kJ/kg",I,"Irreversibility =","kJ/kg",wmin,"Minimum work =","kJ/kg",wactual,"Actual work = ","(ii).Ammonia compressor"); diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ba70fb25b --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.8/ex10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clc; +Cp=1.1; // Specific heat of combustion gas in kJ/kg K +T3=1600; // Initial temperature of combustion gas in Kelvin +T4=1150; // Final temperature of combustion gas in Kelvin +p1=0.1; // Pressure at inlet of boiler in MPa +p2=8;// Pressure at outlet of boiler in MPa +T2=600; // Temperature at outlet of boiler in degree celcius +m=1; // Mass of water in kg +T0=298; // temperature of Surroundings in kelvin +// From steam table +h1=2758; h2=3642;// specific enthalpy in kJ/kg +s1=5.7432; s2=7.0206; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K +mgas=(h2-h1)/(Cp*(T3-T4)); //mass flow rate of gases per kg of water +S21=s2-s1; // Change in entropy of water +S34=mgas*Cp*log (T3/T4); // Change in entropy of gases +// (a).Decrease in availability of gases +d_AEgas=mgas*Cp*(T3-T4)-T0*S34//Decrease in availability of gases +disp ("kJ",d_AEgas,"(a).Decrease in availability of gases = "); +// (b).Decrease in availability of water +d_AEwater=(h1-h2)-T0*(s1-s2);// Decrease in availability of water +disp ("kJ",d_AEwater,"(b).Decrease in availability of water ="); +// (c).Reversible work for the process +Wrev=d_AEgas+d_AEwater; //Reversible work for the process +disp ("kJ",Wrev,"(c).Reversible work for the process="); +// (d).Actual work for the process +W=0; // Actual work +disp ("kJ",W,"(d).Actual work for the process ="); +// (e).Irreversibility +I=Wrev-W; //Irreversibility +disp ("kJ",I,"(e).Irreversibility = "); diff --git a/2006/CH10/EX10.9/ex10_9.sce b/2006/CH10/EX10.9/ex10_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fb04343c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/2006/CH10/EX10.9/ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clc; +TH=600; // Temperature of heat sorce in degree celcius +T3=311.06; // Boiler temperature in degree celcius +p3=10; // Boiler pressure in MPa +T4=32.88; // Condensor temperature in degree celcius +p4=5; // Condensor pressure in kPa +T0=288;// Temperature of surroundings in kelvin +// From steam table and refer figure 10.10 for states +h1=137.82; h2=147.82; h3=2724.7; hf4=197.82; hfg4=2423.7; h4=1913.6; // specific enthalpy in kJ/kg +s1=0.4764; s2=s1; s3=5.6141; s4=s3; sf4=0.4764; sfg4=7.9187; s4=6.2782; // specific entropy in kJ/kg K +wT=h3-h4; // Turbine work +wp=h2-h1; // Pump work +wnet=wT-wp; // Net work +qH=h3-h2; // Heat supplied in boiler +qL=h4-h1; // Heat rejected in condensor +Wrev_Wpump=T0*(s2-s1); +Wrev_Wboiler=T0*(s3-s2)-T0*qH/(TH+273); +Wrev_Wturbine=T0*(s4-s3); +Wrev_Wcondenser=T0*(s1-s4)+qL; +Wrev_Wcycle=Wrev_Wpump+Wrev_Wboiler+Wrev_Wturbine+Wrev_Wcondenser; +disp ("kJ/kg",Wrev_Wcycle,"The lost (Wrev-W)for the overall cycle = ","kJ/kg",Wrev_Wcondenser,"The lost (Wrev-W)for the condensor = ","kJ/kg",Wrev_Wturbine,"The lost (Wrev-W)for the Turbine = ","kJ/kg",Wrev_Wboiler,"The lost (Wrev-W)for the Boiler = ","kJ/kg",Wrev_Wpump,"The lost (Wrev-W)for the Pump = "); -- cgit