From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: priyanka Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530 Subject: initial commit / add all books --- 182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH11/EX11.1/example11_1.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 182/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.txt | 4 ++++ 182/CH11/EX11.2/example11_2.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.txt | 5 +++++ 182/CH11/EX11.3/example11_3.sce | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.txt | 1 + 182/CH11/EX11.4/example11_4.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 182/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.txt | 4 ++++ 182/CH11/EX11.5/example11_5.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.txt | 5 +++++ 182/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce | 19 +++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 182/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt | 7 +++++++ 182/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt | 5 +++++ 182/CH16/EX16.1/example16_1.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 182/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt | 4 ++++ 182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.xcos | 1 + 182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt | 1 + 182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt | 1 + 182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce | 2 ++ 182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++ 182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt | 1 + 182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt | 1 + 182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt | 4 ++++ 182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt | 6 ++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt | 4 ++++ 182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.sce | 1 + 182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.txt | 3 +++ 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182/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++ 182/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt | 4 ++++ 182/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 182/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH7/EX7.4/example7_4.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 182/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt | 1 + 182/CH7/EX7.5/example7_5.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 182/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt | 1 + 182/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH7/EX7.7/example7_7.sce | 10 ++++++++++ 182/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH7/EX7.8/example7_8.sce | 13 +++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt | 1 + 182/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt | 6 ++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH8/EX8.12/example8_12.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce | 10 ++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt | 4 ++++ 182/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt | 4 ++++ 182/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt | 5 +++++ 182/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce | 11 +++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt | 4 ++++ 182/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.txt | 7 +++++++ 182/CH8/EX8.9/example8_9.sce | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt | 1 + 182/CH9/EX9.10/example9_10.sce | 9 +++++++++ 182/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt | 1 + 182/CH9/EX9.11/example9_11.sce | 9 +++++++++ 182/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt | 2 ++ 182/CH9/EX9.12/example9_12.sce | 12 ++++++++++++ 182/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt | 5 +++++ 182/CH9/EX9.13/example9_13.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++ 182/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt | 3 +++ 182/CH9/EX9.2/example9_2.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++ 182/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt | 6 ++++++ 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182/CH9/EX9.13/example9_13.sce create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.2/example9_2.sce create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.3/example9_3.sce create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.4/example9_4.sce create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.5/example9_5.sce create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.6/example9_6.sce create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.7/example9_7.sce create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.8/example9_8.sce create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt create mode 100755 182/CH9/EX9.9/example9_9.sce (limited to '182') diff --git a/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce b/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a85c92b90 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + +// Example 1-1 in page 8 +// Given data +clc; +phi=500*10^-8;// one maxwell=10^-8 Wb, phi=total flux +Area=(2.54*10^-2)^2;// area in m^2, cross section is one inch and 1inch=2.54cm +// Calculation +B=phi/Area; //flux density(B) in tesla +printf("total flux density=%.2f mT",B*1000); +// Result +// the toatal flux density is 7.75 mT \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt b/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c0d5079de --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH1/EX1.1/example1_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +1.the toatal flux density is 7.75mT \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce b/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a585f3a81 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +//example 1-2 in page 8 +clc; +//given data +body_temp=98.6;//human body temperature is 98.6 degree fahrenheit +//calculations +cel_temp=(body_temp-32)/1.8;//temperature in celsius +kel_temp=cel_temp+273.15;// temperature in kelvin +printf("celsius temperature=%.0f degree celsius \n",cel_temp); +printf("kelvin temperature=%.2f K",kel_temp); +//result +//the celsius temperature=37 degree celsius +//the kelvin temperature=310.15 K \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt b/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4be67b839 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH1/EX1.2/example1_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +the celsius temperature=37 degree celsius +the kelvin temperature=310.15 K \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9bb01bf84 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.1/11_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +1.f(min)=106 Hz + f(max)=1061 Hz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.1/example11_1.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.1/example11_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6699533e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.1/example11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// to calculate the maximum and minimmum output frequencies of oscillator in fig 11-1 +// example 11-1 in page 317 +clc; +// Data Given +R=[5e+3 500];// resistance R2 and R1 all in ohm +C1=300D-9; C2=C1;// Capacitance=300 nF +// calculation +f=['f(min)' 'f(max)']; +for n=1:2 + printf("%s=%d Hz\n",f(n),1/(2*%pi*C1*R(n)));// frequency in hertz +end +//result +//f(min)=106 Hz +//f(max)=1061 Hz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a86c4da73 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.2/11_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +2.R1=4 K-ohm + R2=45 K-ohm + R3=1 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.2/example11_2.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.2/example11_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..38e7ce5ac --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.2/example11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//to find the resistor values in fig 11-3 +// example 11-2 in page 319 +clc; +//data given +Vi=5; //input sine wave voltage in volt +VR3=[0.1 1];// range of voltage across resistor R3 in volt +IB=500D-9;// input current to the op-amp in ampere +//calculation +V=Vi-VR3(1);// with R1 and R2 in the circuit, V=VR1+VR2 in volt +I3=100D-6;// as I3>>IB, select I3=100 micro ampere +R3=VR3(1)/I3;// resistance in ohm +R=V/I3;//R=R1+R2 in ohm +//with R2 switched off the circuit +I3=VR3(2)/R3;// current in ampere +VR1=Vi-VR3(2);// voltage in volt +R1=VR1/I3;// here I3=I1, resistance in ohm +R2=R-R1;// resistance in ohm +printf("R1=%d K-ohm\nR2=%d K-ohm\nR3=%d K-ohm",R1/1000,R2/1000,R3/1000); +//result +//R1=4 K-ohm +//R2=45 K-ohm +//R3=1 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..df57a94d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.3/11_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + +3.For contact at top of R1, + frequency=1166.67 Hz + For R1 contact at 10% from bottom, + frequency=116.67 Hz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.3/example11_3.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.3/example11_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..31fe87f93 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.3/example11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +// to find the output frequency of the circuit 11-8 +// example 11-3 in page 326 +clc; +// Data given +Vcc=15;// supply voltage=15 V +C1=0.1D-6;// capacitance in farad +R1=1e+3; R2=10e+3;// resistances in ohm +utp=3; ltp=-3;// upper and lower trigger points in volt +//calculation +a=['For contact at top of R1' 'For R1 contact at 10% from bottom']; +V3=Vcc-1;// voltage in volt +dV=utp-ltp;//change in voltage in volt +V1=[V3 10*V3/100];// V1 when R1 is at the top and 10% from the bottom of R1 in volt +for n=1:2 + I2=V1(n)/R2;// current in ampere + t=C1*dV/I2;// time in seconds + f=1/(2*t);// frequency in hertz + printf("%s,\nfrequency=%.2f Hz\n\n",a(n),f); +end +//result +//For contact at top of R1, +//frequency=1166.67 Hz +//For R1 contact at 10% from bottom, +//frequency=116.67 Hz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..be18004fc --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.4/11_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +4.out put frequency=121 Hz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.4/example11_4.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.4/example11_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5e20f0f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.4/example11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the out put square wave frequency in 11-14 +// example 11-4 in page 332 +clc; +//Data given +Vcc=12;//supply voltage (+/-)12 V +R=10^3*[20 6.2 5.6];//resistance R1, R2 and R3 all in ohm +C1=0.2D-6;// capacitance=0.2 micro farad +// calculation +Vo=Vcc-1;// out put voltage = (+/-)(Vcc-1) in volt +utp=Vo*R(3)/(R(2)+R(3));// upper trigger point in volt +ltp=-utp;// lower trigger point in volt +t=C1*R(1)*log((Vo-ltp)/(Vo-utp));// time in seconds +printf("out put frequency=%d Hz",1/(2*t)); +//result +//out put frequency=121 Hz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.txt b/182/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..85fd23ab4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.5/11_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +5.PULSE WIDTH=289 micro-sec + For pulse width of 6 ms, + C2=0.2 micro-F \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH11/EX11.5/example11_5.sce b/182/CH11/EX11.5/example11_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..99a5347a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH11/EX11.5/example11_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// to find the output pulse width and capacitance for the given pulse width in figure 11-15 +// example 11-5 in page 334 +clc; +//data given +Vcc=10;//supply voltage in Volt +Vee=10;// supply voltage in volt +VB=1;// base voltage in volt +R=1e+3*[22 10];//resistances R1 in ohm and R2 in ohm +C=[100D-12 0.01D-6];//capacitance C1 in farad and C2 in farad +//calculation +Vop=Vcc-1;// positive output voltage in volt +Von=-(Vee-1);// negative output voltage in volt +PW=C(2)*R(2)*log((Vop-Von)/VB);//pulse width in seconds +printf("PULSE WIDTH=%d micro-sec\n",PW*10^6); +PW=6e-3;//to calculate C2 for PW=6 ms +C2=PW/(R(2)*log((Vop-Von)/VB));// capacitance in farad +printf("For pulse width of 6 ms,\nC2=%.1f micro-F",C2*10^6); +//result +//PULSE WIDTH=289 micro-sec +//For pulse width of 6 ms, +//C2=0.2 micro-F \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.txt b/182/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7e414db6d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.1/12_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + +1.accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading 10= -5.0 + accuracy as a percentage of full scale= -0.5 + accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading 50= 3.4 + accuracy as a percentage of full scale= 1.7 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce b/182/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a01c35bd --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.1/example12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//to find the accuracy as a percentage of reading and percentage of full scale +// example 12-1 in page 355 +clc; +// Data given +r=[10 50];//scale readings +c=[-0.5 1.7];// respective correction +f=100;//full scale reading +//calculation +for n=1:2 + pr=c(n)*100/r(n);// accuracy as a percentage of reading + pf=c(n)*100/f;//accuracy as a percentage of full scale + printf("accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading %d= %.1f percent\n",r(n),pr); + printf("accuracy as a percentage of full scale= %.1f percent\n",pf); +end +//result +//accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading 10= -5.0 +//accuracy as a percentage of full scale= -0.5 +//accuracy as a percentage of reading for scale reading 50= 3.4 +//accuracy as a percentage of full scale= 1.7 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt b/182/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6a68e9e6a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.2/12_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +2.correction figure=-6 W + wattmeter error=-5 percent diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce b/182/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ce33edc21 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.2/example12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the wattmeter error and the correction figure +// example 12-2 in page 357 +clc; +//Data given +V=114;// measured voltage in volt +P=120;// indicated power in watt +I=1;// current in ampere +//calculation +cf=V*I-P;// here power = v*i, capacitance in farad +e=cf*100/P;//percentage error +printf("correction figure=%d W\n",cf); +printf("wattmeter error=%d percent",e); +//result +//correction figure=-6 W +//wattmeter error=-5 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt b/182/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..47350d7f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.4/12_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +4.At calibiration, + current through AB=20 mA + Resistance R1=50 v + Vx=1.88 V + + R2=200 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce b/182/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9dc1b59e --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.4/example12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +// to find the resistance.,voltage and current in fig 12-8 +//examole 12-4 in page364 +clc; +// Data given +V=1.0190;// the standard cell voltage in volt, VBC=VB2=V +VB1=3;// terminal voltage of battery B1 in volt +RAB=100; l=100D-2; //resistance in ohm and length in meter of the wire AB +lBC=50.95D-2;//length of BC in meter +//calculation +printf("At calibiration,\n"); +VAB=l*V/lBC;// voltage accross AB in volt where V/lBC is the volatge per unit length +I=VAB/RAB;// current in ampere +printf("current through AB=%d mA\n",I*1000); +R1=(VB1-VAB)/I;// resistance in ohm +printf("Resistance R1=%d ohm\n\n",R1);// R=V/I ohm +printf("Vx=%.2f V\n",94D-2*V/lBC);//volatge Vx in volt when null is obtained at 94.3cm +printf("\nR2=%d K-ohm",(VB1+V)/(20D-6*1000));// R2 in ohm to limit the standard cell current to a maximum of 20 micro-A +//result +//At calibiration, +//current through AB=20 mA +//Resistance R1=50 + +//Vx=1.88 V + +//R2=200 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt b/182/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7a0dc90b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.5/12_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +5.Maximum measurable voltage=1.6 V + instrument resolution=(+/-)0.2 mV \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce b/182/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fe5f57bb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH12/EX12.5/example12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// to find the maximum measurable voltage and the instrument resolution +// example 12-5 in page 367 +clc; +// Data given +V=1.0190;// Standard cell voltage V=VR3=VB2 in volt +R13=100; R3=509.5; R4=290.5;// R13 is the slider resistance and resistance R3 and R4 all in ohm +R=100;// resistances R6 through R12 in ohm +l=100D-2;// length of the sliding wire in meter +// claculaion +VAE=(V/R3)*(R3+R4);// maximum measurable voltage in volt where I1=V/R3 +printf("Maximum measurable voltage=%.1f V\n",VAE); +I2=VAE/(8*R);//current I2 in ampere +VAB=I2*R13;//voltage across R13 in volt +Vpl=VAB/l;// slide wire voltage per unit length in volt/meter +printf("instrument resolution=(+/-)%.1f mV",Vpl) +//result +//Maximum measurable voltage=1.6 V +//instrument resolution=(+/-)0.2 mV \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt b/182/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4d58611e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.1/16_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + +1.source effect=50 mV + line regulation=0.42 percent + load effect=99 mV + line regulation=0.83 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.1/example16_1.sce b/182/CH16/EX16.1/example16_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a5b1b4529 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.1/example16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//to find the source & load effects and load & line regulation +// example 16-1 in page 423 +clc; +//Data Given +Es=[12 11.95]; // change in Dc power supply when ac drops by 10% +Eo=[12 11.9];// change in output voltage when load current goes from zero to maximum +//calculation +printf("source effect=%d mV\n",(Es(1)-Es(2))*1000); +printf("line regulation=%.2f percent\n",(Es(1)-Es(2))*100/Es(1)); +printf("load effect=%d mV\n",(Eo(1)-Eo(2))*1000); +printf("line regulation=%.2f percent\n",(Eo(1)-Eo(2))*100/Eo(1)); +//result +//source effect=50 mV +//line regulation=0.42 percent +//load effect=99 mV +//line regulation=0.83 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt b/182/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5c8772624 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.2/16_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + + +2.when the moving contact is at the bottom of R4,Eo=15.2 V + when the moving contact is at the top of R4,Eo=9.9 V diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.sce b/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1d4ea4216 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the maximum and minimum output voltages in the fig 16-8(b) +// example 16-2 in page 428 +clc; +//Data given +Vz=6; R=1000*[0 5.6 5.6 3];// zener voltage and the resistance values +A=['when the moving contact is at the bottom of R4' '0' '0' 'when the moving contact is at the top of R4']; +//calculation +for n=1:3:4 + I3=Vz/(R(3)+R(n)); + Eo=I3*sum(R); + printf("%s,Eo=%.1f V\n",A(n),Eo); +end +//result +//when the moving contact is at the bottom of R4,Eo=15.2 V +//when the moving contact is at the top of R4,Eo=9.9 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.xcos b/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.xcos new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a23ee9245 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH16/EX16.2/example16_2.xcos @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..50c81e215 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ + +//example 2-1 in page 16 +clc; +//given data +Rmin=1.14;// minimum resistance 1.14 k-ohm +Rmax=1.26// maximum resistance 1.26 k-ohm +R=1.2;//stated value +dT=75-25;//change in temperature from 25 to 75 degree celsius +// calculation +ab=Rmax-R;//Absolute maximum error +abmin=Rmin-R;// Absolute minmum error +T=(ab/1.2)*100;// Tolerance +Rlarge=R+ab;//largest resistance possible at 25 degree celsius +dR_per_C=(1.26/10^6)*500;// resistance change per degree celsius dR_per_C +dR=dR_per_C*dT;// total resistance increase +R_75=Rlarge+dR;//maximum resistance at 75 degree celsius +printf("Percentage Tolerance to be stated=+/- %d percent \n",T); +printf("Maximum resistance at 75 degree celsius=%.4f K-ohm",R_75); +//result +//Tolerance=5% +//maximum resistance at 75 degree celsius=1.2915 kohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e17c8f74 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.1/example2_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +1.Tolerance=+/- 5% +maximum resistance at 75 degree celsius=1.2915 kohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa6f3d773 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//example 2-2 in page 20 +clc; +//given data +V1=100;//stated voltage one +V2=80;//stated voltage two +e1=(1/100)*V1;//absolute error of v1 +e2=(5/100)*V2;//absolute error of v2 +//calculation +e=e1+e2;//absolute error for the sum of the voltages +E=V1+V2;// sum voltage +emax=(e/E)*100;//maximum percentage error +printf("E=%d V +/- %.1f percent",E,emax); +//result +//E=180 V +/- 2.8 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a4d3225c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.2/example2_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +E=180 V +/- 2.8 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..005821aa5 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +//example 2-2 in page 20 +clc; +//given data +V1=100;//stated voltage one +V2=80;//stated voltage two +e1=(1/100)*V1;//absolute error of v1 +e2=(5/100)*V2;//absolute error of v2 +//calculation +e=e1+e2;//absolute error for the sum of the voltages +E=V1-V2;// difference voltage +emax=(e/E)*100;//maximum percentage error +printf("E=%d V +/- %d percent",E,emax); +//result +//E=20 V +/- 25 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5538972ac --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.3/example2_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +E=20 V +/- 25 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..64fdb50df --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +//Theory problem \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..09b951d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.4/example2_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +4.Power dissipated=82 mW +Accuracy of the result=(+/-)20% \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bf9d12cb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +// example 2-5 in page 25 +clc; +//given data +V=[1.001 1.002 0.999 0.998 1.000];// 5 digital voltmeters reading in volts +//calculation +Vav=sum(V)/5;// average of 5 readings in volts +D=abs(V-Vav);//deviation of each reading from the average voltage +Dav=sum(D)/5;//average of deviation in volts +printf("Average measured voltage=%d V\n",Vav); +printf("Average deviation=%.4f V",Dav); +//result +//the Average measured voltage=1 V +//The Average deviation=0.0012 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..178a311f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.5/example2_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +5.the Average measured voltage=1 V +The average deviation=0.0012 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce b/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0710708e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//To determine the standard deviation and probable measurement +//example 2-6 in page 26 +clc; +//given data +V=[1.001 1.002 0.999 0.998 1.000];// 5 digital voltmeters readings in matrix V in volts +//calculation +Vavg=sum(V)/5;// average of 5 readings in volts +D=abs(V-Vavg);//deviation of each reading from the average in volts +D1=D.*D;// get the square of each deviation +x=sum(D1);// sum of the squares of the deviation +sigma=sqrt(x/5);// standard deviation in volts +printf("standard deviation=%.4f V\n",sigma); +eP=0.6745*0.0014;//probable error in volts and sigma=0.0014 V +printf("probable error=%.2f mV",eP*1000); +//result +//standard deviation=0.0014 V +//propable error=0.94 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt b/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c3b453b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH2/EX2.6/example2_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + standard deviation=0.0014 V +probable error=0.94 mV \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..48265f438 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// To find the Torque on the coil +// example3-1 in page 37 +clc; +//Given data +N=100;//Number of turns +B=0.2;//Magnetic flux density of 0.2 tesla +D=0.01; l=0.015; //diameter and length of the coil in meters +I=.001;// current=1 mA +//calculation +T=B*l*I*N*D;// torque in N-m +printf("Torque=%f N-m",T); +//result +//Torque=0.000003 N-m \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..14db09d06 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.1/example3_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +1.Torque=0.000003 N-m \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e9ee1d601 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//To find the sensitivity +//example 3-10 in page 54 +clc; +//given data +Im=157e-6;// peak current=157 micro ampere +Vrms=100;// FSD rms voltage in volt +//calculation +Irms=0.707*Im;//FSD rms current +R=Vrms/Irms;// total circuit resistance +S=R/Vrms;//sensitivity +printf("sensitivity=%d K-ohm/volt\n",S/1000); +//result +//sensitivity=9 k-ohm/Volt \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6b6585025 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.10/example3_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +10.sensitivity=9 k-ohm/Volt diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa7693c65 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//To find resistance Rs and Rsh in the given ciruit +// example 3-10 in page 55 +clc; +//data given +Iav=50e-6;//average current through PMCC instrument=50 micro ampere +Rm=1700;// coil resistance in ohm +Vf=0.7;// diode forward drop in volts +If=100e-6;// forward current = 100 micro-ampere +Vrms=50;// ac rms voltage in volts +// calculation +Im=Iav/(0.5*0.637);//peak current in ampere +Ifp=(100/20)*If;//at 20% of FSD, diode peak current(If) must be at least 100 micro ampere; therefore, at 100% of FSD, +Ishp=Ifp-Im;// peak current through Rsh in ampere +Vm=Im*Rm;// peak voltage in volts +Rsh=Vm/Ishp; +Rs=(1.414*Vrms-Vm-Vf)/Ifp; +printf("Rsh=%d ohm\n",Rsh); +printf("Rs=%.1f K-ohm\n",Rs/1000); +//result +//Rsh=778 ohm +//Rs=139.5 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..da11d4cb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.11/example3_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +11.Rsh=778 ohm +Rs=139.5 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..08e051c59 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//To find the the resistance Rl +// example 3-12 in page 58 +clc; +// Given data +Iav=1e-3;// Average current through the PMCC = 1 mA +Ip=250e-3;// primary current= 250 mA +Rm=1700;// coil resistance in ohm +Ns=500;// number of secondary turns +Np=4;//number of primary turns +Vf=0.7;//diode forward drop in volts +Rs=20e+3;// Rs=20 k ohm +//calculation +Im=Iav/0.637;//peak current +Em=(Im*(Rs+Rm))+(2*Vf);//secondary peak voltage +Es=Em*0.707;//secondary rms voltage +Irms=1.11*Iav;// RMS meter current +Is=Ip*(Np/Ns);//transformer rms secondary current +Il=Is-Irms;//current through Rl +Rl=Es/Il; +printf("Rl=%.1f K-ohm\n",Rl/1000); +//result +//Rl=28.2 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..660937016 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.12/example3_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +12.Rl=28.2 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..09d75526d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + +//Given Data +clc; +Im=100e-6;// FSD=100 micro amps +e=1;// specified accuracy +//calculation +for n=1:2 + I=Im/n;//indicated current + Ie=(e/100)*Im;//error current + Imax=I+Ie;//actual measured maximum current + Imin=I-Ie;//actual measured minimum current + eI=(Ie/I)*100;//Percentage error in the measured currrent + printf("At %.1f FSD\n",1/n); +printf("Actual measured current=%d to %d micro-A\n",Imin*(1e+6),Imax*(1e+6)); +printf("error=(+/-)%d persent of measured current\n",eI); +printf("\n"); +end +//result +// At 1.000000 FSD +//Actual measured current=99 to 101 micro-A +//error=(+/-)1 persent of measured current + +//At 0.500000 FSD +//Actual measured current=49 to 51 micro-A +//error=(+/-)2 persent of measured current diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7b5f9b173 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.13/example3_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +13.At 1.000000 FSD +Actual measured current=99 to 101 micro-A +error=(+/-)1 persent of measured current \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d7afec9b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + +// example 3-14 in page 61 +clc; +//Given Data +Eb=1.5;//battery rating in volts +Im=100e-6;// FSD=100 micro ampere +R=15e+3;// R1+Rx=15 K-ohm +//calculation +printf("meter indication when Rx=0 is %d micro-A (FSD)\n",(Eb/R+0)*10^6);// here Rx=0 +for n=0.25:0.25:0.75//FSD's in ampere at which resistance Rx should be calculated + Rx=(Eb/(n*Im))-R;// resistance in ohm + printf("Rx for %.2f FSD=%.0f K-ohm \n",n,Rx/1000); +end +//result +// meter indication when Rx=0 is 100 micro A (FSD) +//Rx for 0.25 FSD=45 K-ohm +//Rx for 0.5 FSD=15 K-ohm +//Rx for 0.75 FSD=5 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..10d701427 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.14/example3_14.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +14. meter indication when Rx=0 is 100 micro-A (FSD) +Rx for 0.25 FSD=45 K-ohm +Rx for 0.5 FSD=15 K-ohm +Rx for 0.75 FSD=5 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..115e377de --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + +//example3-15 in page 63 +clc; +//Given data +R1=15e+3; // resistance R1=15 K-ohm +Rm=50;// coil resistance in ohm +R2=50;// resistance R2 in ohm +Im=50e-6;// FSD=50 micro-ampere +//calculations +printf("at Rx=0 & Eb=1.3 V,\n"); + Rx=0; Eb=1.3; + Ib=Eb/(Rx+R1); + I2=Ib-Im; + Vm=Im*Rm; + R21=Vm/I2;// the resistance R2 in ohm + printf("R2=%.2f ohm\n",R21); + for Eb=1.5:-0.2:1.3,// To find Rx + Vm=0.5*Im*Rm; + if Eb==1.3 + R2=R21; + end + I2=Vm/R2; + Ib=I2+Im*0.5; + Rx=(Eb/Ib)-R1; + printf("At 0.5 FSD with Eb=%.1f V,\n",Eb); + printf("Rx=%d K-ohm \n",Rx/1000); + end + //result +//at Rx=0 & Eb=1.3 V +//R2=68.181818 ohm +//At 0.5 FSD with Eb=1.5V, +//Rx=15 K-ohm +//At 0.5 FSD with Eb=1.3 V, +//Rx=15 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..41f05696f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.15/example3_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +15.at Rx=0 & Eb=1.3 V +R2=68.18 ohm +At 0.5 FSD with Eb=1.5 V, +Rx=15 K-ohm +At 0.5 FSD with Eb=1.3 V, +Rx=15 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a47fb6085 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + +// example 3-16 in page65 +clc; +//Given data +//the equivalent circuit is derived as shown in the fig3-24 from the R X 1 range ohmmeter circuit +E=1.5;// battery rating in volts +//calculation +for Rx=0:24:24,//Rx in ohm + Ib=E/(Rx+14+((10*(9990+2875+3820))/(9990+2875+3820))); + + Im=Ib*(10/(10+9990+2875+3820));// meter current + printf("meter current when Rx=%d ohm is %.2f micro-A\n",Rx,Im*1e+6); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7d628cd4f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.16/example3_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +16.meter current when Rx=0 ohm is 37.436358 micro-A=full scale =0 ohm +meter current when Rx=24 ohm is 18.718179 micro-A=half scale=24 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e3a827a38 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//To find the voltage sensitivity and Megohm sensitivity +// Example3-2 in page 39 +clc; +//Given data +Is=(1*10^-6)/(10^-3);// current sensitivity in A/m +R=1000;// critical damping resistance of 1 kohm +//calculation +Vs=R*Is;//voltage sensitivity in mV/mm +Rs=Vs/Is;// megohm sensitivity i M-ohm +printf("Voltage sensitivity=%d mV/mm\n",Vs); +printf("megohm sensitivity=%d M-ohm",Rs/1000); +//result +//Voltage sensitivity=1 mV/mm +//Megohm sensitivity=1 Kohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c78b88ab3 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.2/example3_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +2.Voltage sensitivity=1 mV/mm +megohm sensitivity=1 M-ohm diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3a84519b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ + +//example 3-3 in page 41 +clc; +//Given Data +A=['a' 'b' 'c']; +m=0; +Rm=99;//coil resistance in ohm +IM=0.1e-3;//FSD(IM)=0.1 mA +Rs=1;//shunt resistance in ohm +//calculation +n=2;//initialisation +while n>0.25, + n=n/2; + Im=IM*n; + Vm=Im*Rm;// Meter voltage in volts + Is=Vm/Rs;//current throught the shunt resistance in ampere + I=Im+Is;//toatal current through the ammeter I=Im+Is in ampere + m=m+1; + printf("(%c) current through the ammeter at %.2f FSD=%.1f mA\n",A(m),n,I*1000); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6bc6cba20 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.3/example3_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +3.current through the ammeter at 1 FSD=0.01 A +current through the ammeter at 0.5 FSD=0.005 A +current through the ammeter at 0.25 FSD=0.0025 A \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b799f4e09 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// To find the Shut resistance of the ammeter +// example 3-4 in paage 43 +clc; +//Given data +A=['b' 'a']; +Im=100*10^-6;// FSD(Im) in ampere +Rm=1000;// Coil resistance is 1 K-ohm +// calculation +I=10;// FSD initialisation +m=0; +while I>0.1, + I=I/10; + Vm=Im*Rm;//voltage across the meter in volts + Is=I-Im;//current through shunt resistance in ampere + Rs=Vm/Is;//shunt resistance in ohm + m=m+1; + printf("(%c) shunt resistance value for %.1f A FSD is %f ohm\n ",A(m),I,Rs); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6d9ce1802 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.4/example3_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +4.(b) shunt resistance for 1 A FSD is 0.100010 ohm +(a) shunt resistance for 100 mA FSD is 1.001001 ohm diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..721bda66c --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +//Theory problem \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..076781112 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.5/example3_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + Ammeter range when switch is at B is 10.05 mA +Ammeter range when switch is at C is 100.50 mA +Ammeter range when switch is at D is 1005.00 mA \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..49b1c5dbc --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +//Theory \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5303845f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.6/example3_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +6. the applied voltage when instrument indicates 0.800000 FSD=40 V +the applied voltage when instrument indicates 0.500000 FSD=25 V +the applied voltage when instrument indicates 0.200000 FSD=10 V diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b014f03df --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +// To find the required multiplier resistance for the two given circuits +//Example3-7 in page 49 +clc; +//Given data +V=[10 50 100];// voltage ranges in volt +Im=50e-6;// FSD=50 micro-A +Rm=1700;// coil resistance in ohm +//calculation +printf("for circuit as in figure 3-16(a)\n"); +for n=1:3 + R=(V(n)/Im)-Rm; + printf("R%d=%.4f M ohm\n",n,R/10^6); +end +printf("for circuit as in figure 3-16(b)\n"); +R=zeros(1,3); +for n=1:3 + R(n)=(V(n)/Im)-Rm-R(1)-R(2); + printf("R%d=%.4f M ohm \n",n,R(n)/10^6); +end +//result +// for circuit as in figure 3-16(a) +//R1=198300 ohm +//R2=998300 ohm +//R3=1998300 ohm +//for circuit as in figure 3-16(b) +//R1=198300 ohm +//R2=800000 ohm +//R3=1000000 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..efa0ebcac --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +7. for circuit as in figure 3-16(a) +R1=198300 ohm +R2=998300 ohm +R3=1998300 ohm +for circuit as in figure 3-16(b) +R1=198300 ohm +R2=800000 ohm +R3=1000000 ohm diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.xcos b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.xcos new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ecf8fe693 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.7/example3_7.xcos @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb896d543 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +// To find the required multiplier resistance for the two given circuits +//Example3-7 in page 49 +clc; +//Given data +V=[10 50 100];// voltage ranges in volt +Im=50e-6;// FSD=50 micro-A +Rm=1700;// coil resistance in ohm +//calculation +printf("for circuit as in figure 3-16(a)\n"); +for n=1:3 + R=(V(n)/Im)-Rm; + printf("R%d=%.4f M ohm\n",n,R/10^6); +end +printf("for circuit as in figure 3-16(b)\n"); +R=zeros(1,3); +for n=1:3 + R(n)=(V(n)/Im)-Rm-R(1)-R(2); + printf("R%d=%.4f M ohm \n",n,R(n)/10^6); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..efa0ebcac --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ + +7. for circuit as in figure 3-16(a) +R1=198300 ohm +R2=998300 ohm +R3=1998300 ohm +for circuit as in figure 3-16(b) +R1=198300 ohm +R2=800000 ohm +R3=1000000 ohm diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.xcos b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.xcos new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ecf8fe693 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.8/example3_7.xcos @@ -0,0 +1 @@ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.sce b/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7259082f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +// example 3-9 in page 53 +clc; +//given data +A=['a' 'b']; +Rm=1e+3;// coil resistance of 1 k ohm +Rs=890.7e+3;//multiplier resistance in ohm +Vf=0.7;//voltage drop across the diode in volt +//calculation +m=0;// reference to indicate a and b respectively +for n=75:-25:50 //voltages 50 and 75 volts + Iav=(0.637)*(((1.414*n)-2*Vf)/(Rs+Rm));// average current through pmcc instrument in ampere + m=m+1; + printf("(%c),\nIav for %d V is %.2f micro-A\n",A(m),n,Iav*10^6); + printf("pointer indication for %d V is %.2f FSD\n",n,10000*Iav); +end diff --git a/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.txt b/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..25bdeac4b --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH3/EX3.9/example3_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +9. (a), +Iav for 75 V is 74.76 micro-A +pointer indication for 75 V is 0.75 FSD +(b), +Iav for 50 V is 49.51 micro-A +pointer indication for 50 V is 0.50 FSD \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6b0588c98 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +// To find the meter current and the voltmeter resistance +//example 4-1 in page 88 +clc; + +//given data +Vcc=20;//Vcc in volts +R=9.3e+3;// R=Rs+Rm=9.3 K-ohm +Im=1e-3'// Im=1 mA +hfe=100; +E=10;// E in volts +Vb=0.7;//voltage drop across base in volts + +// calculation +Ve=E-Vb;// emitter voltage in volts +printf("meter current=%d mA\n",Ve*1000/R); +Ib=Im/hfe;// base current +printf("input resistance with transistor = %d M-ohm\n",E/(Ib*1000000)); +printf("input resistance with out transistor = %.1f K-ohm\n",R/1000); +//result +//meter current = 1 mA +//input resistance with transistor = 1 M-ohm +//input resistance with out transistor = 9300 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e4c731df4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.1/example4_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +1.meter current=1 mA +input resistance with transistor=1 M-ohm +nput resistance with out transistor=9300 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dbd958fe4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +// To find currents I2 and I3 and calculate the meter circuit voltage in the given circuit +//example 4-2 in page 89 +clc; +//Given data +R2=3.9e+3;//resistance R2=R3=3.9 K-ohm +R3=R2; +Vcc=12;//Vcc in volt +Vee=-12;// Vee in volt +Vbe=0.7;// voltage drop across the base_emitter +Vp=0;// base voltage of transistor 2 +//calculation +VR2=0-Vbe-Vee; +VR3=VR2; +I2=VR2/R2; +I3=I2; +printf("I2=I3=%.1f mA\n",I2*1000); +for E=1:-0.5:0.5// voltage applied to the base of transistor 1 in volts + Ve1=E-Vbe;// emitter voltage of transistor 1 + Ve2=Vp-Vbe;// emitter voltage of transistor 2 + V=Ve1-Ve2;// voltage difference b/w the two emitters + printf("when E=%.1f V,\n",E); + printf("circuit voltage (V)=%.1f V\n",V); +end +//result +//I2=I3=2.9 mA +//when E=1.0 V, +//circuit voltage (V)=1.0 V +//when E=0.5 V, +//circuit voltage (V)=0.5 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a0039dc13 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.2/example4_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + +2.I2=I3=0.002897 A +when E=1 +circuit voltage (V)=1.000000 V +when E=0 +circuit voltage (V)=0.500000 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f3059e1c8 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + +// example 4-3 in page 93 +clc; +//Given data +Range=10;//range in volts +Ra=800e+3; Rb=100e+3; Rc=60e+3; Rd=40e+3; // given resistance values in ohm +E=7.5; //battery voltage in volts +Vgs=-5;// gate source voltage in volts +Vp=5;// base voltage of transistor 2 in volts +R=1e+3;// R=Rs+Rm=1 K-ohm +Im=1e-3;//FSD=1 mA +Vbe=0.7//base emitter voltage in volt +//calculation +Eg=E*((Rc+Rd)/(Ra+Rb+Rc+Rd));//gate voltage +Vs=Eg-Vgs;//souce voltage +Ve1=Vs-Vbe;// emitter voltage of transistor 1 +Ve2=Vp-Vbe;//emitter voltage of transistor 2 +V=Ve1-Ve2;// voltage difference b/w the two emitters +I=V/R; +P=I/Im;//P% of full scale +printf("THE METER READING=%.1f V\n",P*Range); +//result +//THE METER READING=7.500000 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cd1690192 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.3/example4_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +3.THE METER READING=7.500000 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8e7a32f82 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// to determine the resistance values for the circuit in the figure4-7 +//example 4-4 in page 97 +clc; +//Given data +E=20e-3;//maximum input voltage = 20 mV +Ib=0.2e-6;//op-amp input current 0.2 micro amps +Im=100e-6;//FSD=100 micro amps +Rm=10e+3;// coil resistance in 10 k-ohm +//As I4>>Ib select +I4=1000*Ib;// current in ampere +// at full scale Im=100 micro-A +Vout=Im*Rm; +printf("R3=%d ohm\n",E/I4); +printf("R4=%.1f K-ohm\n",(Vout-E)/(1000*I4)); +//result +//R3=100 ohm +//R4=4900 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d9bd5be04 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.4/example4_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +4. R3=100 ohm +R4=4900 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9597ded55 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + +//example 4-5 in page 98 +clc; +//data given +E=1;// E=1 V +Im=1e-3;//FSD=1 mA +Rm=100;// Rm in ohm +//calculation +R3=E/Im; +printf("R3=%d K-ohm\n",R3/1000); +printf("Vout=%.1f V\n",Im*(R3+Rm)); +//result +//R3=1 K-ohm +//Vout=1.1 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a8f41bf28 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.5/example4_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +5.R3=100 ohm +R4=4900 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b2cb87c4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +// example 4-6 in page 100 +clc; +// data give +Eb=1.5;// Full scale voltage in volts +R1=1e+3;//R1=1 K-ohm +//calculation +for n=1:2 + E=Eb*(n/3);// 1/3rd and 2/3rd value of full scale + Rx=R1/((Eb/E)-1); + printf("at %d/3 FSD, Rx=%d ohm\n",n,Rx) +end diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ebce895d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.6/example4_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +6.at 1/3 FSD, Rx=500 ohm +at 2/3 FSD, Rx=2000 ohm diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.sce b/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0c0de9831 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + +// example 4-7 in page 107 +clc; +// Given data +Iav=1e-3;//for, FSD the average meter current is 1 mA +Rm=1.2e+3;// coil resistance 1.2 K-ohm +E=100e-3;// ac input rms voltage=100 mV +//calculations +Ip=(2/0.637)*Iav;// peak current for half wave rectifier +Ep=E/0.707;// input peak voltage +R3=Ep/Ip; +printf("R3=%d ohm\n\n",R3); +printf("When E=50 mV,\n"); +Ep=(50e-3)/0.707; +Ip=Ep/R3; +printf("meter deflection=Iav=%.1f mA\n",(0.637/2)*Ip*1000);//half scale diff --git a/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.txt b/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..06012aff9 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH4/EX4.7/example4_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +7. R3=45 ohm +When E=50 mV, +meter deflection=Iav=0.000500 A \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ba9eda331 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the high and low output voltage values +// example 5-1 in page 120 +clc; +//Given data +Vcc=5;// DC source in volts +Io=1e-3;// output current= 1mA +R1=1e+3;//R1=1K-ohm +Vi=0;//lowest input voltage +Vd=0.7;// silicon-diode drop in volts +//calculation +printf("High output voltage=%d V\n",Vcc-(Io*R1)); +printf("low output voltage=%.1f V\n",Vi+Vd); +//result +//High output voltage=4 V +//low output voltage=0.7 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ce44d1bb --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.1/example5_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +1.Highest out put voltage=4 V +lowest output voltage=0.700000 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a70319809 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.2/5_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +2.Vb1=-1.657143 V +Vc1=4.395973 V diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8987b11e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// To find the collector and base voltages +// example 5-2 in page 121 +clc; +// Given data +R1=15e+3; R2=27e+3; Rc1=2.7e+3; R11=R1; R21=R2; //resistance values in Ohm where R11=R1' and R21=R2' +Vc2=0.2;// collector voltage of on transistor in volt +Vce=Vc2;//collector-emitter saturation voltage in volt +Vbb=-5;//dc power supply in volt +Vcc=5;//dc power supply in volt +//calculations +Vr1r2=Vc2-Vbb;//voltage across Ri and R2 in volt +Vr1=(R1/(R1+R2))*Vr1r2;// voltage across R1 resistor in volt +Vb1=Vc2-Vr1;// base voltage +printf("Vb1=%.1f V\n",Vb1); +//with Q1 off +Vrc1=(Rc1/(Rc1+R11+R21))*(Vcc-Vbb); +Vc1=Vcc-Vrc1;// collector voltage in volt +printf("Vc1=%.1f V",Vc1); +//result +//Vb1=-1.657143 V +//Vc1=4.395973 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d2e9dede0 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.3/5_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +3case 1, +Total current=0.460000 A +case 2, +Total current=0.006900 A diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.3/example5_3.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.3/example5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d998d4f5d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.3/example5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + +//example 5-3 in page 124 +clc; +// Given data +// 3(1/2) digit display +If1=20e-3;//forward current per segment of led=20 mA +If2=300e-6;//forward current per segment of lcd +//calculations +for n=1:2 + if n==1 + I=If1; + else I=If2; + end + It=3*7*I+2*I;// each digit has 7 segments and there are three digits with a half digit that has 2 segments + printf("case %d,\n Total current=%.0f mA\n",n,It*1000); +end +//result +// case 1, +//Total current=0.460000 A +//case 2, +//Total current=0.006900 A + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..80b791c41 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.4/5_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +4.output frequency=244 hertz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a2d1fcccd --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.4/example5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// to find the out put frequency in fig 5-10 +// example 5-4 in page 130 +clc; +//Given data +To=1e-6;//oscillator time period=1 micro-second +N=16;// modulus number of the counter = 16 +n=3;// number of counters +//calculations +T=To*(N^n);//out put time period +printf("output frequency=%d hertz",1/T);//output frequency +//result +//output frequency=244 hertz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4ed1f43de --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.5/5_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +5.number of pulses counted for Vi=0.750000 V are 75000 +number of pulses counted for Vi=0.900000 V are 90000 diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f5403b3ff --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.5/example5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//To find the number of pulses counted +//example5-5 in page 131 +clc; +//data given +Vr=1.25;//peak voltage of ramp in volts +tr=125e-3;//time period of the ramp=1.25 ms +T=1/(1e+6);// frequency =1 Mhz and time period of the clock pulses is 1/f +for Vi=0.75:(0.9-0.75):0.9,// analog input voltages for which clock pulses has to b found + t1=(tr/Vr)*Vi;//time period of the comparator high out put + N=t1/T;// pulses counted + printf("number of pulses counted for Vi=%.2f V are %d\n",Vi,N/100); +end +//result +//number of pulses counted for Vi=0.750000 V are 750 +//number of pulses counted for Vi=0.900000 V are 900 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..abc2f6952 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.6/5_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +6.for less 1percent error,use n=7 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.6/exampke5_6.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.6/exampke5_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f0231db72 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.6/exampke5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + +// example 5-6 in page 133 +clc; +//Given data +//error should be less thsn 1% +// for less than 1% error count>=100 +n=6; +N=0; +while(N<100) +N=(2^n)-1;//count value +if(N<100) +n=n+1;//increment n and check weather N has exceeded 100 +end +end +printf("for less 1percent error,use n=%d\n",n); +//end +// for less 1percent error,use n=7 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.txt b/182/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..21ac8386d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.7/5_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +7.out put voltage=6.250000 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH5/EX5.7/example5_7.sce b/182/CH5/EX5.7/example5_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fed413092 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH5/EX5.7/example5_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ + +// example 5-7 in page 135 +clc; +//Given data +D=8; C=0; B=2; A=0; //corresponding analog input voltages for the digital input 1-0-1-0 +Vi=10;//input voltage in volts +//calculation +Vo=(D+C+B+A)*Vi/16;// output voltage +printf("out put voltage=%.2f V",Vo); +//result +//out put voltage=6.25 V \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.txt b/182/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e0101cb9a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.1/6_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +1.maximum time for the dac=1.332667 ms +suggested frequency of the ramp=600 Hz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.sce b/182/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6ecf67e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.1/example6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +//Theory Problem \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.txt b/182/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fd4a53cb0 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.2/6_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +2.result +measurement accuracy for analog voltmeter=(+/-)2.500000 percent +measurement accuracy for digital voltmeter=(+/-)1.100000 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.sce b/182/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5a70aa308 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.2/example6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +//Theory Problem \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.txt b/182/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d30befdcf --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.3/6_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +measurement accuracy for analog voltmeter=(+/-)2.500000 percent +measurement accuracy for digital voltmeter=(+/-)1.100000 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.sce b/182/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d6ecf67e2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.3/example6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +//Theory Problem \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.txt b/182/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9d5936f4f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.4/6_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +4.percentage measurement error=(+/-)1.000100 percent +percentage measurement error=(+/-)0.000200 percent +percentage measurement error=(+/-)0.000101 percent \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.sce b/182/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e3937ce44 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH6/EX6.4/example6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +//THEORY PROBLEM \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ab4c60d74 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.1/7_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +1.The value of R=990 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.1/example7_1.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.1/example7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8a26fb8d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.1/example7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// To find the value of measured Resistance R +// example 7-1 in page 165 +clc; +// Given data +I=0.5;//measured current in amps +V=500;// voltmeter indication in volts +Ra=10;//ammeter resistance in ohms +//calculation +R=(V/I)-Ra;// measured resistance +printf("The value of R=%d ohm",R); +//result +// The value of R=990 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b65e71cde --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.2/7_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +2.voltmeter reading-494 V +Ammeter reading-0.500049 A \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b0227e496 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.2/example7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// To find the ammeter and ohmeter indication for the circuit 7-1(a) +// example 7-2 in page 166 +clc; +//Data given +V=1000; S=10e+3; // voltmeter range and sensitivity in volt and ohm/volt +R=990;// the resistance measured +E=500;// supply voltage in volts +Ra=10;// ammeter resistance in ohm +//calculaTION +Rv=V*S;// voltmeter resistance +R1=(R*Rv)/(R+Rv);// as voltmeter is connected in parallel with the measured resistance, the equivalent resistance is the parallel combination of both resistancs +Ev=(E*R1)/(R1+Ra);// voltmeter reading using voltage divider formula +I=Ev/R1;// ammeter reading +printf("voltmeter reading=%.0f V\nAmmeter reading=%.1f A\n",Ev,I); +//result +//voltmeter reading=495 V +//Ammeter reading=0.5 A \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bdc35b92a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.3/7_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +3.R from circuit 7-1(a)=990 ohm + R from circuit 7-1(b)=1000 ohm + thus circuit 7-1(a) gives the more accurate result \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ecc1700c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.3/example7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// To determine which of the circuits 7-1(a) or 7-2(b) has greater accuracy +// example 7-3 in page 166 +clc; +//Data given +V1=495; I1=0.5; // voltmeter and ammeter reading in volt and ampere respectively of circuit 7-1(a) +V2=500; I2=0.5;// voltmeter and ammeter reading in volt and ampere respectively of circuit 7-1(b) +//calculation +printf("R from circuit 7-1(a)=%d ohm\nR from circuit 7-1(b)=%d ohm\n",V1/I1,V2/I2); +printf("thus circuit 7-1(a) gives the more accurate result"); +//result +//R from circuit 7-1(a)=990 ohm +//R from circuit 7-1(b)=1000 ohm +//thus circuit 7-1(a) gives the more accurate result \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..90db497b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.4/7_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +4.Measurement range is from 500 ohm to 4000 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.4/example7_4.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.4/example7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c9dbb4478 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.4/example7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// to calculate the value of Resistance R +// example 7-4 in page 169 +clc; +// data given +P=3.5e+3; Q=7e+3; S=5.51e+3; // resistance values of the wheatstone bridge arms in ohm +//calculation +R=S*P/Q;// equation for balancng condition +printf("R=%f K-ohm\n",R/1000); +S=[1e+3 8e+3];// adjusting s from 1 t0 8 K-ohm +for n=1:2 + R=S(n)*P/Q; + printf("when S=%d K-ohm,\n",S(n)/1000); + printf("R=%d ohm\n",R); +end +//result +//Measurement range is from 500 ohm to 4000 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d0384328f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.5/7_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +5.the upper and lower limits of R are 2.760510 K-ohm and 2.749490 K-ohm respectively \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.5/example7_5.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.5/example7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5299e7046 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.5/example7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// To calculate the accuracy of the measured value of resistance and to find the upper and lower values +// example 7-5 in page 169 +clc; +//Data given +R=2.755e+3;//measured value of R in ohm +E=[0.05 0.05 0.1]// percentage errors of the resistances P Q and S respectivly +//calculation +Re=sum(E);// percentage error in R +Rmax=R+((Re/100)*R);//upper limit of resistance R in ohm +Rmin=R-((Re/100)*R);// lower limit of resistance R in ohm +printf("the upper and lower limits of R are %.4f K-ohm and %.4f K-ohm respectively",Rmax/1000,Rmin/1000); +//result +// the upper and lower limits of R are 2.760510 K-ohm and 2.749490 K-ohm respectively \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3072cf314 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.6/7_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +6.the minimum change in R which is detected by the bridge is 5.466141 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..561118190 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.6/example7_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +// to calculate the minimum change detectable by the bridge +// example 7-6 in page 172 +clc; +//Given data +P=3.5e+3; Q=7e+3; S=4e+3; R=2e+3; // bridge arm resistances in ohm +Eb=10;// supply voltage in volt +Ig=1e-6;//galvano meter reading in ampere +rg=2.5e+3;//galvanometer resistance=2.5 K-ohm +//calculations +r=((P*R)/(P+R))+((Q*S)/(Q+S));// internal resistance of the bridge in ohm +dVR=Ig*(r+rg);// open-circuit galvano meter voltage i,e VR-VS in volt +VR=Eb*R/(R+P);// voltage across resistance R in volt +VP=Eb-(VR+dVR);//voltage across resistance P in volt +IR=VP/P;// current through P which is equal to current through R in ampere +dR=((VR+dVR)/IR)-R;//Change in R value that the device can detect in ohm +printf("the minimum change in R which is detected by the bridge is %f ohm\n",dR); +//result +// the minimum change in R which is detected by the bridge is 5.466141 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ad7ca54a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.7/7_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +7. the required ratio is 0.666667 diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.7/example7_7.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.7/example7_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e323fb1bf --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.7/example7_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// to determinr the required ratio of R/P +// example 7-7 in page 176 +clc; +// Given data +S=0.1; Q=0.15; // resistances in ohm +//calculation +r=S/Q;// here R/P=S/Q +printf("the required ratio is %d/%d",(S*100),(Q*100)); +//result +// the required ratio is 10/15 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt b/182/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6147b4818 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.8/7_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +8.volume resistance=666666666 ohm + surface leakage resistance=285714285 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH7/EX7.8/example7_8.sce b/182/CH7/EX7.8/example7_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..58c2cb0dd --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH7/EX7.8/example7_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// to find the volume resistance and the surface leakage resistance +// example 7-8 in page 180 +clc; +//Data given +Is=5e-6;// surface current in ampere +Iv=1.5e-6;// volume current in ampere +E=10000;// supply voltage in volt +// calculation +printf("volume resistance=%0.1e ohm\n",E/Iv); +printf("surface leakage resistance=%0.1e ohm",E/(Is-Iv)); +//result +//volume resistance=6.7e+009 ohm +//surface leakage resistance=2.9e+009 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0df612ea7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.1/8_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +1.since the measured terminal resistance is 134 k-ohm, the circuit must consist of a 0.005 micro-farad capacitor connected in parallel with a 134 kilo-ohm resistor.For a series connected circuit. the terminal resistance would be much higher than 134 K-ohm diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ac936b970 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.1/example8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +// To find the components and connections +// example 8-1 in page 194 +clc; +// Given data +C=0.005e-6; Rs=8e+3; f=1e+3; // the circuits capacitance,resistance and measurement frequency in farad, ohm and hertz respectively +ohm_meter_reading=134e+3;// in ohm +//calculation +Xs=1/(2*%pi*f*C);//series inductive reactance in ohm +Rp=(Rs*Rs+Xs*Xs)/Rs;// parallel resistance ih ohm +Xp=(Rs*Rs+Xs*Xs)/Xs;// parallel inductive reactance in ohm +Cp=1/(2*%pi*f*Xp);// parallel capacitance in farad +printf("Rp=%d K-ohm\nXp=%.1f K-ohm\nCp=%.3f micro-F",Rp/1000,Xp/1000,Cp*1000000); +//result +// since the measured terminal resistance is 134 k-ohm, the circuit must consist of a 0.005 micro-farad capacitor connected in parallel with a 134 kilo-ohm resistor.For a series connected circuit. the terminal resistance would be much higher than 134 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fe75f8610 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.10/8_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +10.Cx=212 pF + Rx=25.580027 M-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9833b16b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.10/example8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find Cx and Rx of figure 8-7 for new balance +// example 8-10 in page 214 +clc; +//Data given +C1=0.1e-6; R3=10e+3; R4=14.66e+3; R1=369.3e+3; //bridge capacitance and resistance in farad and ohm respectively +Rp=553.1e+3; Cp=0.068e-6;// parallel resistance in ohm and capacitance in farad +//calculations +Cx=(C1*R3/R4)-Cp;// here Cx+Cp = C1*R3/R4 in farad +printf("Cx=%d pF\n",Cx*10^12); +R=R1*R4/R3;// let R=Rx parallel with Rp in ohm +Rx=1/((1/R)-(1/Rp));// Rx in ohm +printf("Rx=%.0f M-ohm\n",Rx/10^6); +//result +//Cx=212 pF +//Rx=26 M-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..60208c29d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.11/8_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +11.for 1 st coil, + voltmeter indication=2 V + Q=20 + for 2 st coil, + voltmeter indication=1 V + Q=10 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..02952da47 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.11/example8_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// to determine the Q factor +// example 8-11 in page 221 +clc; +//Data given +E=100D-3; R=[5 10]; XC=100; XL=XC; // supply resistance, capacitive reactance and inductive reactance respectively for the fig 8-17, all in ohm +//calculation +for n=1:2 + I=E/R(n);// current in ampere + V=I*XC;// VL=VC=V and XC=XL, voltage in volts + Q=V/E;// Q factor + printf("for %d st coil,\n",n); + printf("voltmeter indication=%d V\n",V); + printf("Q=%d\n",Q); +end +//result +//for 1 st coil, +//voltmeter indication=2 V +//Q=20 +//for 2 st coil, +//voltmeter indication=1 V +//Q=10 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1f2b19134 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.12/8_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +12.inductance=110.281560 micro-henry + R=8.838259 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.12/example8_12.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.12/example8_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e17e7b092 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.12/example8_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// To Determine the coil inductance and the resistance +// example 8-12 in page 225 +clc; +// Data given +f=1.25e+6; C=147D-12; Q=98; // frequency in hertz, Capacitance in farad and Q factor of the Q metre +//calculation +L=1/((2*%pi*f)^2*C);// inductance in henry +printf("inductance=%.0f micro-henry\n",L*10^6); +printf("R=%.1f ohm",(2*%pi*f*L)/Q); +//result +//inductance=110 micro-henry +//R=8.8 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1a165f326 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.2/8_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +2.The range of Cx is from 0.001000 micro-F to 10 micro-F \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..43e95ae04 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.2/example8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// to find the range of Cx in fig 8-5 +// example 8-2 in page 199 +clc; +// data given +C1=0.1e-6; //standard capacitance in micro farad +r=[100/1 1/100];// range of the ratio R3/R4 +Cx=C1*r;// range of Cx +printf("The range of Cx is from %.3f micro-F to %d micro-F",Cx(2)*10^6,Cx(1)*10^6); +//result +//The range of Cx is from 0.001 micro-F to 10 micro-F \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fb086da13 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.3/8_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +3.Cs=0.068027 micro-F + Rs=183.750000 ohm + D=0.007854 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..987b95890 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.3/example8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// to find the capacitance, resistance and the dissipation factor +// example 8-3 in page 202 +clc; +//Given data +f=100;// frequency in Hz +C1=0.1e-6;// satndard capacitance in farad +R=[125 0 10e+3 14.7e+3];// resistances R1,R3 and R4 values in ohms as R2 is not used it is take as 0 for convinence +//calculation +Cs=C1*(R(3)/R(4));//series capacitance +Rs=R(1)*R(4)/R(3);// series resistance +D=2*%pi*f*Cs*Rs;// dissipation factor +printf("Cs=%.3f micro-F\nRs=%.1f ohm\nD=%.3f",Cs*10^6,Rs,D); +//result +//Cs=0.068 micro-F +//Rs=183.8 ohm +//D=0.008 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9a872c868 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.4/8_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +4.Cp=0.068027 micro-F + Rp=551.250000 K-ohm + D=0.042441 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f0653acfd --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.4/example8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// To find the resistance,capacitance and dissipation factors +// example 8-4 in page 204 +clc; +//Given Data +f=100;// frequency in Hz +C1=0.1e-6;// satndard capacitance in farad +R=[375e+3 0 10e+3 14.7e+3];// resistances R1,R3 and R4 values in ohms as R2 is not used it is take as 0 for convinence +//calculation +Cp=C1*(R(3)/R(4));//parallel capacitance in farad +Rp=R(1)*R(4)/R(3);// parallel resistance in ohm +D=1/(2*%pi*f*Cp*Rp);// dissipation factor +printf("Cp=%.3f micro-F\nRp=%.1f K-ohm\nD=%2.1e\n",Cp*10^6,Rp/1000,D); +//result +// Cp=0.068027 micro-F +//Rp=551.250000 K-ohm +//D=0.042441 + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b935ae0d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.5/8_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + +5.Rp=2.980600 M-ohm + Cp=0.067996 Micro-F + R1=2.026683 M-ohm + R4=14.706789 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53c2a3c3d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.5/example8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +// to calculate the equivalent parallel capacitance and resistance +// example 8-5 in page 204 +clc; +//Given dATA +R3=10e+3;// resistance R3 in ohm +f=100;//frequency in hertz +Cs=0.068e-6; Rs=183.8; // series capacitance in farad and resistance in ohm +//Calculation +Xs=1/(2*%pi*f*Cs);// series capacitive reactance in ohm +Rp=(Rs*Rs+Xs*Xs)/Rs;//equivalent parallel resistance in ohm +Xp=(Rs*Rs+Xs*Xs)/Xs;//equivalent parallel capacitive reactance in ohm +Cp=1/(2*%pi*f*Xp);// equivalent capacitance in farad +R4=C1*R3/Cp;// parallel resistance in ohm +R1=R3*Rp/R4;// parallel resistance in ohm +printf("Rp=%.2f M-ohm\nCp=%.3f Micro-F\nR1=%.2f M-ohm\nR4=%.1f K-ohm",Rp/10^6,Cp*10^6,R1/10^6,R4/1000); +//result +//Rp=2.98 M-ohm +//Cp=0.068 Micro-F +//R1=2.03 M-ohm +//R4=14.7 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4cf49f13b --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.6/8_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +6.R3=1 K-ohm + R1=54 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..750d58a8f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.6/example8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +// To find the resistance R1 and R3 in fig 8-8 +// example 8-6 in page 207 +clc; +// Given data +R4=5e+3; L1=100e-3; Ls=500e-3; Rs=270; R3=1e+3; // resistances in ohm and inductances in henry +//calculation +printf("R3=%d K-ohm\n",R4*L1/(Ls*1000)); +printf("R1=%d ohm",Rs*R3/R4); +//result +//R3=1 K-ohm +//R1=54 ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..aecf38b46 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.7/8_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +7.Ls=63 mH + Rs=1.340426 K-ohm + Q=0.029531 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..90fe0ec5d --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.7/example8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the resistance inductance and the Q factor of the inductor +// example 8-7 in page 209 +clc; +// given data +// it is a maxwell's induction bridge +C3=0.1e-6; R1=1.26e+3; R4=500; R3=470; // capacitance and resistor values in farad and ohm +f=100;// frequency =100 Hz +//calculation +printf("Ls=%d mH\n",C3*R1*R4*1000);// here Ls=C3*R1*R4 +printf("Rs=%.2f K-ohm\n",R1*R4/(R3*1000));//here Rs=R1*R4/R3 +printf("Q=%.2f",(2*%pi*f*C3*R1*R4)/(R1*R4/R3));// Q=w*Ls/Rs +//result +//Ls=63 mH +//Rs=1.34 K-ohm +//Q=0.03 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ff062c0a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.8/8_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +8.Lp=63 mH + Rp=8.400000 K-ohm + Q=212 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e60a3c008 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.8/example8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//to find the resistance inductance and the Q factor of the inductor +// example 8-8 in page 210 +clc; +// given data +// it is a maxwell's induction bridge +C3=0.1e-6; R1=1.26e+3; R4=500; R3=75; // capacitance and resistor values in farad and ohm +f=100;// frequency =100 Hz +//calculation +printf("Lp=%d mH\n",C3*R1*R4*1000);// here Lp=C3*R1*R4 +printf("Rp=%.1f K-ohm\n",R1*R4/(R3*1000));//here Rp=R1*R4/R3 +printf("Q=%d",(R1*R4/R3)/(2*%pi*f*C3*R1*R4));// Q=Rs/(w*Lp) +//result +//Lp=63 mH +//Rp=8.4 K-ohm +//Q=212 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.txt b/182/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..29f2186ca --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.9/8_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ + +9.part a, + Rs=0.186531 ohm + Ls=62.998601 mH + part b, + R3=3.377373 M-ohm + R1=1.259972 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH8/EX8.9/example8_9.sce b/182/CH8/EX8.9/example8_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..73a0019d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH8/EX8.9/example8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// to find series equivalent inductance and resistance and find R1 and R3 for maxwell circuit +// example 8-9 in page 211 +clc; +printf("part a,\n"); +//Data Given +Lp=63e-3; Rp=8.4e+3; f=100;// the parallel inductance in henry and resistace in ohm with 100 hertz frequency +//calculation +Xp=2*%pi*f*Lp;//parallel inductive reactance in ohm +Rs=(Rp*Xp*Xp)/(Xp*Xp+Rp*Rp);// series resistance in ohm +printf("Rs=%.3f ohm\n",Rs);// equivalent series resistance in ohm +Xs=(Rp*Rp*Xp)/(Xp*Xp+Rp*Rp);// series inductive reactance in ohm +Ls=Xs/(2*%pi*f);// equivalent series inductance in henry +printf("Ls=%.0f mH\n",Ls*1000); +printf("part b,\n"); +//Data given +C3=0.1e-6; R4=500; // capacitance in farad and resistance in ohm of maxwell bridge +//calculation +R1=Ls/(C3*R4);//resistance in ohm +printf("R3=%.2f M-ohm",(R1*R4)/(Rs*10^6)); +printf("\nR1=%.2f K-ohm",R1/1000); +//result +//part a, +//Rs=0.187 ohm +//Ls=63 mH +//part b, +//R3=3.38 M-ohm +//R1=1.26 K-ohm \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb8dbd33a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.10/9_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +10.frequency=20.4 MHz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.10/example9_10.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.10/example9_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1f964442 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.10/example9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// to find the frequency +// example 9-10 in page 268 +clc; +// data given +C=13D-12; Rs=600; // input capacitance in farad and source resistance in ohm +//calculation +printf("frequency=%.1f MHz",1/(2*%pi*C*Rs*10^6)); +//result +//frequency=20.4 MHz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..91db32e65 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.11/9_11.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +11.frequency=75.8 MHz diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.11/example9_11.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.11/example9_11.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dd14259db --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.11/example9_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// to determine the frequency +// example 9-11 in page 269 +clc; +// Data Given +C=3.5D-12; Rs=600; // capacitance in farad and source resistance in ohm +//calculation +printf("frequency=%.1f MHz",1/(2*%pi*C*Rs*10^6)); +//result +//frequency=75.8 MHz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..11a0294dc --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.12/9_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +12.using the five times magifier, + minimum time/div setting=25 ns/div \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.12/example9_12.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.12/example9_12.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3bb8de37f --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.12/example9_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// to find the minimum time/division sensitivity +// example 9-12 in page 278 +clc; +//Data Given +f=50e+6;// frequency of the waveform in hertz +//calculation +T=1/f;//time period in seconds +printf("using the five times magnifier,\n"); +printf("minimum time/div setting=%d ns/div",5*(T/4)*10^9);// here one cycle occupies 4 horizontal divisions +//result +//using the five times magnifier, +//minimum time/div setting=25 ns/div \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9a3473bc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.13/9_13.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +for fH=20 MHz, +trd=27 ns +for fH=50 MHz, +trd=22 ns + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.13/example9_13.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.13/example9_13.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bb1fe36d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.13/example9_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// to determine the raise time displayed waveform +// example9-13 in page 279 +clc; +// Data given +fH=[20e+6 50e+6];// upper cut-off frequency in hertz +tri=21D-9;// input raise time in seconds +// calculation +for n=1:2 + tro=0.35/fH(n);// tro is the raise time in seconds + trd=sqrt(tri^2+tro^2);// trd is the fall time in seconds + printf("for fH=%d MHz,\ntrd=%d ns\n",fH(n)/10^6,trd*10^9); +end +//result +//for fH=20 MHz, +//trd=27 ns +//for fH=50 MHz, +//trd=22 ns \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c8a006b95 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.2/9_2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +2.peak-peak voltage=4 V p-to-p + time period=1 ms \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.2/example9_2.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.2/example9_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4172a8143 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.2/example9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +// to find the peak to peak voltage and the time period for the sweep generator circuit in fig 9-7 +// example 9-2 in page 243 +clc; +// Given Data +R3=4.2e+3; C1=0.25D-6; Vb1=4.9; Vbe=0.7;//resistance in ohm, capacitance in farad and voltages in volt respectively +UL=2;// UTP,LTP=(+/-)2 V +//Calculation +dV=2*UL;//peak-peak voltage in volt +Ic1=(Vb1-Vbe)/R3;//current in ampere +T=dV*C1/Ic1;// time period in seconds +printf("peak-peak voltage=%d V p-to-p\n",dV); +printf("time period=%d ms",T*1000); +//result +//peak-peak voltage=4 V p-to-p +//time period=1 ms +x=linspace(0,1,100); +y=4*x-2; +plot(x,y); +xlabel('Time period in ms'); +ylabel('voltage in V'); +set(gca(),"grid",[1 1]); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5e5bde4cb --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.3/9_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ + +3.V peak-peak of wave from A=1.20 V + frequency of wave form A=1666.666667 Hz + V peak-peak of wave from B=0.48 V + frequency of wave form B=1428.571429 Hz + phase difference=60 degree diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.3/example9_3.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.3/example9_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..caadfed96 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.3/example9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +// to find the amplitude,frequency and the phase difference b/w two waveforms in the figure 9-20 +// example 9-3 in page 256 +clc; +//Data Given +x=['A' 'B']; +V=200D-3;// volatge/division=200mV +T=0.1D-3;//time/division=0.1ms +one_cycle=360;// one cycle=360 degree +Vd=[6 2.4];// vertical divisions of A and B respectively +Hd=[6 7];// horizontal divisions of A and B respectively +//calculation +for n=1:2 + Vp=Vd(n)*V;// V peak-to-peak + Tp=T*Hd(n);// time period + f=1/Tp;//frequency + printf("V peak-peak of wave from %c=%.2f V\n",x(n),Vp); + printf("frequency of wave form %c=%.0f Hz\n",x(n),f); +end +phase_diff=Hd(2)-Hd(1); +phase_diff=one_cycle*phase_diff/6;// here one cycle makes 6 horizontal divisions +printf("phase difference=%d degree",phase_diff); +//result +//V peak-peak of wave from A=1.20 V +//frequency of wave form A=1667 Hz +//V peak-peak of wave from B=0.48 V +//frequency of wave form B=1429 Hz +//phase difference=60 degree diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..91e718836 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.4/9_4.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ + +4.Pulse amplitude=8 V + frequency=35.7 kHz + raise time=2.5 micro-s + fall time=3.0 micro-s \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.4/example9_4.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.4/example9_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..14463652a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.4/example9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// to find the pulse amplitude,frequency,rise time and fall time of fig9-22 +// example 9-3 in page 259 +clc; +// Data given +Vpd=2; // voltage/division=2 V +Hpd=5D-6;// time/division=5 micro seconds per division +Vd=4;// number of vertical divisions +Hd=5.6// number of horizontal divisions +// calculation +printf("Pulse amplitude=%d V\n",Vd*Vpd); +printf("frequency=%.1f kHz\n",(1/(Hd*Hpd))/10^3); +printf("raise time=%.1f micro-s\nfall time=%d micro-s",0.5*Hpd*10^6,10^6*0.6*Hpd); +//result +//Pulse amplitude=8 V +//frequency=35.7 kHz +//raise time=2.5 micro-s +//fall time=3.0 micro-s \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..45f59d91a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.5/9_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +5.pulse width=0.1 s \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.5/example9_5.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.5/example9_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..daae1c909 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.5/example9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// to find the longest pulse width +// example 9-5 in page 261 +clc; +//Given data +Ri=10e+6;// input resistance in ohm +Cc=0.1e-6;// coaxial cable capacitance in farad +//calculation +printf("pulse width=%.1f s",Ri*Cc/10);// here pulse width=tou/10 seconds +//result +//pulse width=0.1 s \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d1fa6fb09 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.6/9_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ + +6.shortest pulse width=1.089 micro-second \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.6/example9_6.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.6/example9_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..838dc190e --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.6/example9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// to find the shortest pulse width that can be displayed +// example 9-6 in page 262 +clc; +//DATA GIVEN +Rs=3.3e+3; Ci=15D-12;// source resistance in ohm and input capacitance in farad +//calculation +printf("shortest pulse width=%.3f micro-second",10*Rs*Ci*2.2*10^6);//here shortest pulse width =10*tuo in seconds where tuo is the rise time imposed by the oscilloscope +//result +//shortest pulse width=1.089 micro-second \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..61897d3d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.7/9_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +7.the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time 109 ns=154 ns + the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time 327 ns=344 ns \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.7/example9_7.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.7/example9_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..55bf2d6de --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.7/example9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//to find the raise time of the displayed waveform +// example 9-7 in page 262 +clc; +//Data given +Rs=3.3e+3; Ci=15D-12;//source resistance in ohm and input capacitance in farad +tri=[109e-9 327e-9];//input raise times in seconds for which trd is to be determined +//calculations +tuo=2.2*Rs*Ci;//tuo is the rise time in seconds imposed by the ossciloscope +for n=1:2 + trd=sqrt(tri(n)^2+tuo^2); // displayed raise time in seconds + printf("the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time %d ns=%d ns\n",tri(n)*10^9,trd*10^9); +end +//result +//the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time 109 ns=154 ns +//the displayed raise time for input pulse raise time 327 ns=344 ns \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..769f25698 --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.8/9_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ + +8.the input terminal voltage at 100 Hz =0.9994 V + when Vi=(Vs-3 dB), + frequency=2.04 MHz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.8/example9_8.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.8/example9_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9b9b112ff --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.8/example9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//to find the terminal oscilloscope voltage and its frequency +// exmaple 9-8 in page 264 +clc; +//Data given +Vs=1; //supply voltage in volt +Rs=600;//source resistance in ohm +Ri=1e+6;//input resistance in ohm +Ci=30D-12;//input parallel capacitance in farad +Ccc=100D-12;//coaxial cable capacitance in farad +f=100;// signal frequency in hertz +//calculation +Vi=Vs*Ri/(Rs+Ri);// input voltage in volts +Xc=1/(2*%pi*f*(Ci+Ccc));//capacitive reactance in ohm for total capacitance +printf("the input terminal voltage at 100 Hz =%.4f V\n",Vi); +printf("when Vi=(Vs-3 dB),\n"); +f=1/(2*%pi*(Ci+Ccc)*Rs);// frequency in hertz +printf("frequency=%.2f MHz",f/10^6); +//result +//the input terminal voltage at 100 Hz =0.9994 V +//when Vi=(Vs-3 dB), +//frequency=2.04 MHz \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt b/182/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c3282c9a --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.9/9_9.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ + +9.C1=14.4 pF + The probe input capacitance as seen from the source=13 pF \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/182/CH9/EX9.9/example9_9.sce b/182/CH9/EX9.9/example9_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3713ef3ec --- /dev/null +++ b/182/CH9/EX9.9/example9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +// to find the capacitance to compensate a probe and input capacitance +//example 9-9 in page 267 +clc; +//data given +Ci=30D-12;// input capacitance in farad +Ccc=100D-12;// coaxial cable capacitance in farad +R1=9e+6; Ri=1e+6;// resistances in ohm +//calculation +C2=Ccc+Ci;// capacitance in farad +C1=C2*Ri/R1;// capacitance in farad +printf("C1=%.1f pF\n",C1*10^12); +printf("The probe input capacitance as seen from the source=%d pF",(C1*C2)*10^12/(C1+C2)) +//result +//C1=14.4 pF +//The probe input capacitance as seen from the source=13 pF \ No newline at end of file -- cgit