From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: priyanka Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530 Subject: initial commit / add all books --- 1682/CH1/EX1.1/Exa1_1.sce | 20 ++++++++++ 1682/CH1/EX1.2/Exa1_2.sce | 21 ++++++++++ 1682/CH1/EX1.3/Exa1_3.sce | 21 ++++++++++ 1682/CH10/EX10.1/Exa10_1.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++ 1682/CH10/EX10.2/Exa10_2.sce | 26 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH10/EX10.3/Exa10_3.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++ 1682/CH10/EX10.4/Exa10_4.sce | 35 +++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH10/EX10.5/Exa10_5.sce | 55 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH11/EX11.1/Exa11_1.sce | 32 ++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH11/EX11.2/Exa11_2.sce | 25 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH11/EX11.3/Exa11_3.sce | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH11/EX11.4/Exa11_4.sce | 22 +++++++++++ 1682/CH12/EX12.1/Exa12_1.sce | 18 +++++++++ 1682/CH12/EX12.2/Exa12_2.sce | 18 +++++++++ 1682/CH12/EX12.3/Exa12_3.sce | 24 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH12/EX12.4/Exa12_4.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++ 1682/CH13/EX13.1/Exa13_1.sce | 25 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH13/EX13.2/Exa13_2.sce | 26 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH13/EX13.3/Exa13_3.sce | 11 ++++++ 1682/CH13/EX13.4/Exa13_4.sce | 27 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH16/EX16.1/Exa16_1.sce | 19 +++++++++ 1682/CH16/EX16.2/Exa16_2.sce | 13 +++++++ 1682/CH16/EX16.3/Exa16_3.sce | 37 ++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH16/EX16.4/Exa16_4.sce | 36 ++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH16/EX16.5/Exa16_5.sce | 27 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH16/EX16.6/Exa16_6.sce | 35 +++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH2/EX2.1/Exa2_1.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++ 1682/CH2/EX2.2/Exa2_2.sce | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH2/EX2.3/Exa2_3.sce | 20 ++++++++++ 1682/CH2/EX2.4/Exa2_4.sce | 23 +++++++++++ 1682/CH2/EX2.5/Exa2_5.sce | 18 +++++++++ 1682/CH2/EX2.6/Exa2_6.sce | 33 ++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH3/EX3.1/Exa3_1.sce | 11 ++++++ 1682/CH3/EX3.2/Exa3_2.sce | 11 ++++++ 1682/CH3/EX3.3/Exa3_3.sce | 10 +++++ 1682/CH3/EX3.4/Exa3_4.sce | 10 +++++ 1682/CH3/EX3.5/Exa3_5.sce | 11 ++++++ 1682/CH3/EX3.6/Exa3_6.sce | 10 +++++ 1682/CH3/EX3.7/Exa3_7.sce | 12 ++++++ 1682/CH3/EX3.8/Exa3_8.sce | 12 ++++++ 1682/CH3/EX3.9/Exa3_9.sce | 13 +++++++ 1682/CH4/EX4.1/Exa4_1.sce | 34 +++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH4/EX4.2/Exa4_2.sce | 24 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH4/EX4.3/Exa4_3.sce | 26 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH4/EX4.4/Exa4_4.sce | 15 ++++++++ 1682/CH4/EX4.5/Exa4_5.sce | 23 +++++++++++ 1682/CH4/EX4.6/Exa4_6.sce | 24 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH4/EX4.7/Exa4_7.sce | 14 +++++++ 1682/CH5/EX5.1/Exa5_1.sce | 27 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH5/EX5.2/Exa5_2.sce | 33 ++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH5/EX5.3/Exa5_3.sce | 91 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH5/EX5.4/Exa5_4.sce | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH5/EX5.5/Exa5_5.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.1/Exa6_1.sce | 27 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.10/Exa6_10.sce | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.2/Exa6_2.sce | 35 +++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.3/Exa6_3.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.4/Exa6_4.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.5/Exa6_5.sce | 32 ++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.6/Exa6_6.sce | 33 ++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.7/Exa6_7.sce | 23 +++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.8/Exa6_8.sce | 29 ++++++++++++++ 1682/CH6/EX6.9/Exa6_9.sce | 25 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH7/EX7.1/Exa7_1.sce | 24 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH7/EX7.2/Exa7_2.sce | 21 ++++++++++ 1682/CH7/EX7.3/Exa7_3.sce | 67 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH7/EX7.4/Exa7_4.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++ 1682/CH7/EX7.5/Exa7_5.sce | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.1/Exa8_1.sce | 46 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.10/Exa8_10.sce | 37 ++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.2/Exa8_2.sce | 10 +++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.3/Exa8_3.sce | 14 +++++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.4/Exa8_4.sce | 25 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.5/Exa8_5.sce | 25 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.6/Exa8_6.sce | 26 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.7/Exa8_7.sce | 40 +++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.8/Exa8_8.sce | 26 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH8/EX8.9/Exa8_9.sce | 37 ++++++++++++++++++ 1682/CH9/EX9.1/Exa9_1.sce | 22 +++++++++++ 1682/CH9/EX9.2/Exa9_2.sce | 14 +++++++ 1682/CH9/EX9.3/Exa9_3.sce | 26 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH9/EX9.4/Exa9_4.sce | 14 +++++++ 1682/CH9/EX9.5/Exa9_5.sce | 25 ++++++++++++ 1682/CH9/EX9.6/Exa9_6.sce | 13 +++++++ 1682/CH9/EX9.7/Exa9_7.sce | 26 +++++++++++++ 1682/CH9/EX9.8/Exa9_8.sce | 18 +++++++++ 1682/CH9/EX9.9/Exa9_9.sce | 13 +++++++ 87 files changed, 2309 insertions(+) create mode 100755 1682/CH1/EX1.1/Exa1_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH1/EX1.2/Exa1_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH1/EX1.3/Exa1_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH10/EX10.1/Exa10_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH10/EX10.2/Exa10_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH10/EX10.3/Exa10_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH10/EX10.4/Exa10_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH10/EX10.5/Exa10_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH11/EX11.1/Exa11_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH11/EX11.2/Exa11_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH11/EX11.3/Exa11_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH11/EX11.4/Exa11_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH12/EX12.1/Exa12_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH12/EX12.2/Exa12_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH12/EX12.3/Exa12_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH12/EX12.4/Exa12_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH13/EX13.1/Exa13_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH13/EX13.2/Exa13_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH13/EX13.3/Exa13_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH13/EX13.4/Exa13_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH16/EX16.1/Exa16_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH16/EX16.2/Exa16_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH16/EX16.3/Exa16_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH16/EX16.4/Exa16_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH16/EX16.5/Exa16_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH16/EX16.6/Exa16_6.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH2/EX2.1/Exa2_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH2/EX2.2/Exa2_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH2/EX2.3/Exa2_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH2/EX2.4/Exa2_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH2/EX2.5/Exa2_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH2/EX2.6/Exa2_6.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH3/EX3.1/Exa3_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH3/EX3.2/Exa3_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH3/EX3.3/Exa3_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH3/EX3.4/Exa3_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH3/EX3.5/Exa3_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH3/EX3.6/Exa3_6.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH3/EX3.7/Exa3_7.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH3/EX3.8/Exa3_8.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH3/EX3.9/Exa3_9.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH4/EX4.1/Exa4_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH4/EX4.2/Exa4_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH4/EX4.3/Exa4_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH4/EX4.4/Exa4_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH4/EX4.5/Exa4_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH4/EX4.6/Exa4_6.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH4/EX4.7/Exa4_7.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH5/EX5.1/Exa5_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH5/EX5.2/Exa5_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH5/EX5.3/Exa5_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH5/EX5.4/Exa5_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH5/EX5.5/Exa5_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.1/Exa6_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.10/Exa6_10.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.2/Exa6_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.3/Exa6_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.4/Exa6_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.5/Exa6_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.6/Exa6_6.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.7/Exa6_7.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.8/Exa6_8.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH6/EX6.9/Exa6_9.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH7/EX7.1/Exa7_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH7/EX7.2/Exa7_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH7/EX7.3/Exa7_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH7/EX7.4/Exa7_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH7/EX7.5/Exa7_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.1/Exa8_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.10/Exa8_10.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.2/Exa8_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.3/Exa8_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.4/Exa8_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.5/Exa8_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.6/Exa8_6.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.7/Exa8_7.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.8/Exa8_8.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH8/EX8.9/Exa8_9.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH9/EX9.1/Exa9_1.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH9/EX9.2/Exa9_2.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH9/EX9.3/Exa9_3.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH9/EX9.4/Exa9_4.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH9/EX9.5/Exa9_5.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH9/EX9.6/Exa9_6.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH9/EX9.7/Exa9_7.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH9/EX9.8/Exa9_8.sce create mode 100755 1682/CH9/EX9.9/Exa9_9.sce (limited to '1682') diff --git a/1682/CH1/EX1.1/Exa1_1.sce b/1682/CH1/EX1.1/Exa1_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..83924b9cc --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH1/EX1.1/Exa1_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Exa1.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +FC=2000000;//in Rs +v=100;//in Rs +s=200;//in Rs +Q=60000;//in units +//Part a : Break even quantity +BEQ=FC/(s-v);//in units +disp(BEQ,"Break even quantity in units : "); +//Part b : Break even sales +BES=FC*s/(s-v);//in Rs +disp(BES,"Break even sales in Rs. : "); +//Part c : Contribution & margin of safety +Con=s*Q-v*Q;//in Rs +disp(Con,"Contribution in units : "); +Mos=Q*s-BES;//in Rs +disp(Mos,"Margin of safety in Rs. : "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH1/EX1.2/Exa1_2.sce b/1682/CH1/EX1.2/Exa1_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3dbb718d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH1/EX1.2/Exa1_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Exa1.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +FC=25000;//in Rs +v=45000;//in Rs +s=120000;//in Rs +//Part a : Contribution +Con=s-v;//in Rs +disp(Con,"Contribution in Rs : "); +//Part b : Profit +Prof=Con-FC;//in Rs +disp(Prof,"Profit in Rs : "); +//Part c : BEP +PVratio=Con*100/s;//in % +BEP=FC*100/PVratio;//in Rs +disp(BEP,"BEP in Rs : "); +//Part d : M.S. +MS=Prof*100/PVratio;//in Rs +disp(MS,"M.S. in Rs : "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH1/EX1.3/Exa1_3.sce b/1682/CH1/EX1.3/Exa1_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..47c28b5a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH1/EX1.3/Exa1_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Exa1.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +FC=15000;//in Rs +v=35000;//in Rs +s=80000;//in Rs +//Part a : Contribution +Con=s-v;//in Rs +disp(Con,"Contribution in Rs : "); +//Part b : Profit +Prof=Con-FC;//in Rs +disp(Prof,"Profit in Rs : "); +//Part c : BEP +PVratio=Con*100/s;//in % +BEP=FC*100/PVratio;//in Rs +disp(round(BEP),"BEP in Rs : "); +//Part d : M.S. +MS=Prof*100/PVratio;//in Rs +disp(round(MS),"M.S. in Rs : "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH10/EX10.1/Exa10_1.sce b/1682/CH10/EX10.1/Exa10_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f791e504b --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH10/EX10.1/Exa10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Exa 10.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data +Ii=4000000;//in Rs. +AM=150000;//in Rs. +AFS=600000;//in Rs. +Einc=50000;//in Rs. +i=12;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Total present worth of costs: +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +Cp=AM*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in Rs +TPW=Ii+Cp;//in RS +disp(TPW,"Total present worth of costs in RS. : "); + +//Total present worth of fuel savings: +AI=600000;//in Rs. +G=50000;//in Rs. +i=12;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +A=AI+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100);//in RS +Bp=A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in Rs. +disp(Bp,"Present worth of fuel savings in Rs. : "); +BCratio=Bp/(Ii+Cp);//unitless +disp(BCratio,"BCratio : "); +disp("Since BC ratio is more than 1, the construction of the bridge across the river is justified."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH10/EX10.2/Exa10_2.sce b/1682/CH10/EX10.2/Exa10_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bcbc3ea40 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH10/EX10.2/Exa10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Exa 10.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data +Ic=80000000;//in Rs. +Aps=6000000;//in Rs. +Afs=3000000;//in Rs. +Aib=5000000;//in Rs. +Arb=2000000;//in Rs. +Amc=3000000;//in Rs. +i=12;//in % per annum +n=50;//in years +TAB=Afs+Aib+Arb;//in Rs. +//Present worth of Benefit: +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +PW_B=TAB*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in Rs +disp(PW_B,"Total present worth of benefits in RS. : "); + +//Present worth of costs: +//Formula : (P/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +PW_C=Ic+Amc*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-Aps*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW_C,"Present worth of costs in Rs. : "); +BCratio=PW_B/PW_C;//unitless +disp(BCratio,"BCratio : "); +disp("Since BC ratio is more than 1, the state govt. can implement the hydroelectric project."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH10/EX10.3/Exa10_3.sce b/1682/CH10/EX10.3/Exa10_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ebe24118 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH10/EX10.3/Exa10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Exa 10.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative A1 : +disp("Alternative A1 :") +P=3000000;//in Rs. +B=900000;//in Rs. +i=10;//in % per annum +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE1=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in Rs +disp(AE1,"Annual equivalent of initial cost in Rs. : "); +BCratio=B/AE1;//unitless +disp(BCratio,"BCratio : "); + +//Alternative A2 : +disp("Alternative A2 :") +P=6000000;//in Rs. +B=1500000;//in Rs. +i=10;//in % per annum +n=7;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE2=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in Rs +disp(AE2,"Annual equivalent of initial cost in Rs. : "); +BCratio=B/AE2;//unitless +disp(BCratio,"BCratio : "); +disp("The benefit cost ratio of alternative 2 is more than that of alternative A1. Hence, alternative A2 is to be selected. The comparisoon is made on a 35 years period which is the minimum common multiple of the lives of alternative 1 and 2"); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH10/EX10.4/Exa10_4.sce b/1682/CH10/EX10.4/Exa10_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..e71d7c943 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH10/EX10.4/Exa10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Exa 10.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Cost to the state : +disp("Cost to the state :") +n=20;//in years +P=2500000000;//in Rs. +Agt=10000000;//in Rs. +Ai=1000000;//in Rs. +Com=48000;//in Rs./year/employee +C1=Com*300;//in Rs. +i=10;//in % per annum +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +C2=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in Rs +disp(C2,"Annual equivalent initial cost in Rs. : "); +CA=C2+C1;//in Rs +disp(CA,"Total Annual equivalent cost of the project in Rs. : "); +//Benefit to the state : +disp("Benefit to the state :") +W=30000000;//in Rs. +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +A1=W*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in Rs. +Agpy=10000000;//in ton/year +A2=Agpy*(30-10);//in Rs. +AvgAI=1000000;//in tons Km. +G=20000000;//in Rs. +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +A3=A2+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) ;//in Rs. +disp(A3,"Annual equivalent average of transport cost saving in Rs. : "); +BA=A1+A3;//in Rs. +disp(BA,"Total annual equivalent benefits to the state : "); +BCratio=BA/CA;//unitless +disp(BCratio,"BCratio : "); +disp("The benefit cost ratio is more than 1,the project is justified."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH10/EX10.5/Exa10_5.sce b/1682/CH10/EX10.5/Exa10_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..411207a66 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH10/EX10.5/Exa10_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +//Exa 10.5 +clc; +clear; +close; +i=9;//% per annum +n=50;//in years +//Project A : +disp("Project A : "); +P_A=150000000;//in RS. +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_A=P_A*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1); +OMC_A=2000000;//in Rs. +Psy_A=10000000;//in Rs. +Cpy_A=AE_A+OMC_A-Psy_A;//in Rs. +disp(Cpy_A,"Costs/year : "); +Fcs_A=2500000;//in Rs. +Ib_A=3500000;//in Rs. +Rb_A=1000000;//in RS. +Bpy_A=Fcs_A+Ib_A+Rb_A;//in Rs. +disp(Bpy_A,"Benefits/year : "); +BCratio_A=Bpy_A/Cpy_A;//unitless +disp(BCratio_A,"BC Ratio of project A : ") +//Project B : +disp("Project B : "); +P_B=250000000;//in Rs. +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_B=P_B*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1); +OMC_B=2500000;//in Rs. +Psy_B=12000000;//in Rs. +Cpy_B=AE_B+OMC_B-Psy_B;//in Rs. +disp(Cpy_B,"Costs/year : "); +Fcs_B=3500000;//in Rs. +Ib_B=4500000;//in Rs. +Rb_B=2000000;//in RS. +Bpy_B=Fcs_B+Ib_B+Rb_B;//in Rs. +disp(Bpy_B,"Benefits/year : "); +BCratio_B=Bpy_B/Cpy_B;//unitless +disp(BCratio_B,"BC Ratio of project B : ") +//Project C : +disp("Project C : "); +P_C=400000000;//in Rs. +//FormulC : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_C=P_C*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1); +OMC_C=3500000;//in Rs. +Psy_C=18000000;//in Rs. +Cpy_C=AE_C+OMC_C-Psy_C;//in Rs. +disp(Cpy_C,"Costs/year : "); +Fcs_C=5000000;//in Rs. +Ib_C=6000000;//in Rs. +Rb_C=3500000;//in RS. +Bpy_C=Fcs_C+Ib_C+Rb_C;//in Rs. +disp(Bpy_C,"Benefits/year : "); +BCratio_C=Bpy_C/Cpy_C;//unitless +disp(BCratio_C,"BC Ratio of project C : ") +disp("From the computations it is clear that only alternative A is eligible because other two alternatives have BC ratio less than one.") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH11/EX11.1/Exa11_1.sce b/1682/CH11/EX11.1/Exa11_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..afd56df86 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH11/EX11.1/Exa11_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Exa 11.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +disp("Few steps are as follows : "); +disp("Step 1 : The estimated future requirementt per year in terms of todays rupees from his age 61 through 70 is Rs. 24000."); +disp("Step 2 : The formula which is given below is used to get future equivalent of Rs. 24000 with the inflation of 9% per year."); +disp("Formula : P*(1+IR)^n"); +P=24000;//in Rs. +IR=9;//in % per year +Age=61;//in years +for n=21:30 + IV=P*(1+IR/100)^n;//in Rs + disp("Age in years : "+string(Age)+". ""Inflated value of Rs. 24000 at end of year : "+string(n)+" in Rs. "+string(round(IV))); + Age=Age+1;//in Years +end; +PW=0;//For initialising +n=21;//in years +for m=1:10 + IV=P*(1+IR/100)^n;//in Rs + n=n+1; + i=15;//in % per year + PW=PW+IV/(1+i/100)^m; +end +disp(PW,"Present equivalent of withdrawls in Rs. : "); +//The annual equivalent amount : +i=15;//in % per year +n=20;//in years +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +A=PW*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in Rs. +disp(A,"The annual equivalent amount in Rs. : "); +disp("RECOMMENDATION : The person has to invest an amount of Rs. "+string(A)+" at the end of every year starting from his age 41 through 60 which will enable him to make a withdrawl at the end of every year starting from his age 61 through 70."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH11/EX11.2/Exa11_2.sce b/1682/CH11/EX11.2/Exa11_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..50ebc789a --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH11/EX11.2/Exa11_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Exa 11.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +disp("The method of finding the economic life of the machine witha discounting factor of 20% at zero inflation rate is summarized in table below. From the table it is clear that total annual cost is minimum if the machine is used for 14 years. Hence the economic life of the machine is 14 years."); +disp("End of year Op_cost Main_cost Op+Main P/F,i,n PW Cummulative Salvage PW_S TPW A/P,i,n AEM"); +i=20;//in per year +Cum=0;//initialising +Op_cost=40000;//in RS. +Main_cost=60000;//in Rs. +OpMain=Op_cost+Main_cost;//in Rs. +S=400000;//in Rs. +for n=1:15 + PF=1/((1+i/100)^n); + PW=OpMain*PF;//in Rs. + Cum=Cum+PW + PW_S=PF*S;//in RS. + TPW=500000+Cum-PW_S;//in Rs. + AP=((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1); + AEM=TPW*AP;//in RS + disp(" "+string(n)+" "+string(Op_cost)+" "+string(Main_cost)+" "+string(OpMain)+" "+string(PF)+" "+string(PW)+" "+string(Cum)+" "+string(S)+" "+string(PW_S)+" "+string(TPW)+" "+string(AP)+" "+string(AEM)); + Op_cost=Op_cost+5000;//in Rs. + Main_cost=Main_cost+6000;//in Rs. + S=S-50000;//in Rs. +end \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH11/EX11.3/Exa11_3.sce b/1682/CH11/EX11.3/Exa11_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..396bf6ee0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH11/EX11.3/Exa11_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +//Exa 11.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +IR=5;//in % per year +i=15;//in % per year +//Machine X : +disp("Machine X : "); +Ppx=1500000;//in Rs. +n=7;//in years +S=200000;//in Rs. +AMC=300000;//in Rs. +disp("End of year AMC InflationFactor InflatedAmount P/F PW"); +format('v',9) +Pw=0;//For initialising +for n=1:7 + FP=(1+IR/100)^n + IA=AMC*FP;//in Rs. + PF=1/((1+i/100)^n); + PW=IA*PF;//in Rs. + Pw=Pw+PW;//in Rs. + disp(" "+string(n)+" "+string(AMC)+" "+string(FP)+" "+string(IA)+" "+string(PF)+" "+string(PW)); +end +disp(Pw,"Present worth of inflated annual operating and maintenance cost in Rs. : "); +PWX=Ppx+Pw-S*1/((1+i/100)^n); +disp(PWX,"Present worth of machine X in Rs. : "); +//Machine Y +disp("Machine Y : "); +Ppy=2000000;//in Rs. +n=7;//in years +S=300000;//in Rs. +AMC=250000;//in Rs. +disp("End of year AMC InflationFactor InflatedAmount P/F PW"); +format('v',9) +Pw=0;//For initialising +for n=1:7 + FP=(1+IR/100)^n + IA=AMC*FP;//in Rs. + PF=1/((1+i/100)^n); + PW=IA*PF;//in Rs. + Pw=Pw+PW;//in Rs. + disp(" "+string(n)+" "+string(AMC)+" "+string(FP)+" "+string(IA)+" "+string(PF)+" "+string(PW)); +end +disp(Pw,"Present worth of inflated annual operating and maintenance cost in Rs. : "); +PWY=Ppy+Pw-S*1/((1+i/100)^n); +disp(PWY,"Present worth of machine Y in Rs. : "); +disp("Since the present worth of Machine X is less than Machine Y, select Machine X") +//Note : Calculations are not accurate in the book \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH11/EX11.4/Exa11_4.sce b/1682/CH11/EX11.4/Exa11_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..557131b52 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH11/EX11.4/Exa11_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Exa 11.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +IR=6;//in % per year +i=18;//in % per year +AFR=5000000;//in Rs. +n=7;//in years +AI=500000;//in Rs. +disp("End of year AFR InflationFactor InflatedAmount P/F PW"); +TPW=0;//Initialising +format('v',10) +for n=1:5 + IF=(1+IR/100)^n; + IA=IF*AFR;//in Rs. + PF=1/((1+i/100)^n); + PW=PF*IA;//in Rs. + TPW=PW+TPW;//in Rs. + disp(" "+string(n)+" "+string(AFR)+" "+string(IF)+" "+string(IA)+" "+string(PF)+" "+string(PW)); + AFR=AFR+AI;//in Rs. +end; +disp(TPW,"The value of the single deposit to be made now to recieve the specified series for the next five years is Rs. : ") diff --git a/1682/CH12/EX12.1/Exa12_1.sce b/1682/CH12/EX12.1/Exa12_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..9060cbf27 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH12/EX12.1/Exa12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Exa 12.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +D=24000;//in units/year +Co=150;//in Rs./order +Pprice=75;//Rs./unit +Cpupy=18;//in % of Pprice/unit +Cc=Pprice*Cpupy/100;//in Rs. +EOQ=sqrt((2*Co*D)/Cc);//in units +disp(round(EOQ),"Economic order quantity in units : "); +n=D/round(EOQ);//no. of orders/year +disp(n,"No. of orders/year : "); +T=round(EOQ)/D;// time between successive orders in year +T=T*12;//in months +T=T*30;//in Days +disp(round(T),"Time between successive orders in days : "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH12/EX12.2/Exa12_2.sce b/1682/CH12/EX12.2/Exa12_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8cbe4e368 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH12/EX12.2/Exa12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Exa 12.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +r=12000;//in units/year +k=24000;//in units/year +Co=175;//in Rs./setup +Cc=15;//in Rs./unit/year +EOQ=sqrt((2*Co*r)/(Cc*(1-r/k)));//in units +Q=ceil(EOQ);//units +disp(Q,"Economic order quantity in units : "); +t1=Q/k;//in year +t1=t1*12*30;//in days +t2=(Q/r)*(1-r/k);//in year +t2=t2*12*30;//in days +disp(round(t1+t2),"Cycle time in days :"); +disp(r/Q,"No. of setups/year : "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH12/EX12.3/Exa12_3.sce b/1682/CH12/EX12.3/Exa12_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0cfcac0ae --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH12/EX12.3/Exa12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Exa 12.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +D=30000;//in units/year +Cc=2;//in Rs./unit/year +Co=100;//in Rs./orde +Cs=12;//in units/year +EOQ=sqrt(2*Co*D*(Cs+Cc)/(Cc*Cs));//in units +Q=round(EOQ);//units +disp(Q,"Ordering quantity in units : "); +Q1=sqrt(2*Co*D*Cs/(Cc*(Cs+Cc)));//in units +disp(round(Q1),"Maximum Inventory in units : "); +disp(round(Q-Q1),"Maximum shortage quantity in units : "); +t=Q/D;//in year +t=t*365;//in days +disp(round(t),"Cycle time in days: "); +t1=Q1/D;//in year +t1=t1*365;//in days +disp(round(t1),"Inventory period(t1) in days : "); +t2=t-t1;//in days +disp(round(t2),"Shortage period(t2) in days : "); +disp(D/Q,"No. of Orders/year : "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH12/EX12.4/Exa12_4.sce b/1682/CH12/EX12.4/Exa12_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6aa998238 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH12/EX12.4/Exa12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Exa 12.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +r=12000;//in units/year +k=2000*12;//in units/year +Co=400;//in Rs./setup +Cc=0.20*12;//in Rs./year +Cs=15;//in Rs./unit/year + +EOQ=sqrt((2*Co*k*r*(Cc+Cs)/(Cc*(k-r)*Cs)));//in units +Q=round(EOQ);//units +disp(Q,"Ordering quantity in units : "); + +Q1=sqrt(2*Co*Cc*r*(k-r)/(Cs*(Cc+Cs)*k));//in units +disp(round(Q1),"Maximum Inventory in units : "); +Q2=(Q*(k-r)/k)-Q1;//in Units +disp(round(Q2),"Maximum shortage quantity in units : "); +t=Q/r;//in year +t=t*365;//in days +disp(round(t),"Cycle time in days: "); +t1=(Q2/r)*365;//in days +t2=(Q2/(k-r))*365;//in days +t3=(Q1/(k-r))*365;//in days +t4=(Q1/r)*365;//in days +disp(round(t1),"Period of shortage in days : "); +disp(round(t2),"Period of production satisfying back order in days : "); +disp(ceil(t3),"Period of production satisfying period requirement in days : "); +disp(ceil(t4),"Period of consumption only in days : "); diff --git a/1682/CH13/EX13.1/Exa13_1.sce b/1682/CH13/EX13.1/Exa13_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ee2ecc4e --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH13/EX13.1/Exa13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Exa 13.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Cost to make : +disp("Cost to make : ") +//given data : +material=300;//in Rs. +labour=250;//in Rs. +overhead=100;//in Rs. +VC=material+labour+overhead;//in Rs. +demand=5000;//in units +TVC=demand*VC;//in Rs. +FC=1000000;//in Rs. +TC=FC+TVC;//in Rs. +disp(TC,"Total cost in Rs. : "); + +//Cost to buy : +disp("Cost to buy : ") +//given data : +Pcost=900*demand;//in Rs. +FC=1000000;//in Rs. +TC=FC+Pcost;//in Rs. +disp(TC,"Total cost in Rs. : "); +disp("The cost of making fixtures is less than the cost of buying fixtures from outside. Therefore, the organisation should make the fixtures.") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH13/EX13.2/Exa13_2.sce b/1682/CH13/EX13.2/Exa13_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53e0ca61e --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH13/EX13.2/Exa13_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Exa 13.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Buy Option : +disp("Buy Option :") +//given data : +Pbuy=8;//in Rs/unit +D=2000;//in units/year +Co=120;//in Rs./order +Cc=1.60;//in Rs./units/year +Q1=sqrt(2*Co*D/Cc);//in units +TC=D*Pbuy+D*Co/Q1+Q1*Cc/2;//in Rs. +disp(TC,"Total cost of buying in Rs. : ") +//Make Option : +disp("Make Option :") +//given data : +Pmake=5;//in Rs/unit +Co=60;//in Rs./setup +Cc=1;//in Re1/units/year +r=2000;//in units/year +k=8000;//in units/year +Q2=sqrt(2*Co*r/(Cc*(1-r/k)));//in units +TC=D*Pmake+D*Co/Q2+Q2*Cc*(k-r)/(2*k);//in Rs. +disp(TC,"Total cost of making in Rs. : ") +disp("The cost of making is less than the cost of buying . Therefore, the firm should go in for making option."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH13/EX13.3/Exa13_3.sce b/1682/CH13/EX13.3/Exa13_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d10286616 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH13/EX13.3/Exa13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa 13.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +SP=500;//in Rs. +VC=300;//in Rs. +FC=400000;//in RS. +BEP=FC/(SP-VC);//in units +disp(BEP,"BEP in units : "); +disp("Since the demand(1500units) is less than the break even quantity, the company should buy the cabinets for its TV production.") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH13/EX13.4/Exa13_4.sce b/1682/CH13/EX13.4/Exa13_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..dd93ca22f --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH13/EX13.4/Exa13_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Exa 13.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +volume=8000;//in units +//Process A : +disp("Process A :"); +FC=500000;//in RS. +VC=175;//in Rs. +AC=FC+VC*volume;//in Rs. +disp(AC,"Annual Cost of Process A in Rs. :"); + +//Process B : +disp("Process B :"); +FC=600000;//in RS. +VC=150;//in Rs. +AC=FC+VC*volume;//in Rs. +disp(AC,"Annual Cost of Process A in Rs. :"); + +//Buy option: +disp("Buy Option :"); +Pprice=125;//in RS./Unit +VC=175;//in Rs. +AC=Pprice*volume;//in Rs. +disp(AC,"Annual Cost of Buy in Rs. :"); +disp("Since the annual cost of buy option is the minimum among all the alternatives, the company should buy the product.") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH16/EX16.1/Exa16_1.sce b/1682/CH16/EX16.1/Exa16_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1e111c86 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH16/EX16.1/Exa16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Exa 16.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +disp("The data of the problem are summarized below : "); +disp("Machine Products Limit on "); +disp(" P1 P2 machine hours"); +disp("Lathe 5 10 60"); +disp("Milling 4 4 40"); +disp("Profit/unit 6 8"); +disp("Let X1 be the production volume of the product.P1, and"); +disp("X2 be the production volume of the product,P2."); +disp("The corresponding linear programming model to determine the production volume of each product such that the total profit is maximized is as shown below : "); +disp("maximize Z = 6*X1 + 8*X2"); +disp("subject to"); +disp("5*X1+10*X2 <= 60") +disp("4*X1+4*X2 <= 40") +disp("X1,X2 >= 0") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH16/EX16.2/Exa16_2.sce b/1682/CH16/EX16.2/Exa16_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3c8f3feff --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH16/EX16.2/Exa16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 16.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +disp("Let X1 be the No. of packets of food type1 suggested for babies, and"); +disp("X2 be the No. of packets of food type1 suggested for babies."); +disp("The corresponding linear programming model to determine the No. of packets of each food type to be suggested for babies with the minimum cost such that the minimum daily required vitamin in each food type is satisfied is as shown below : "); +disp("maximize Z = 2*X1 + 3*X2"); +disp("subject to"); +disp("X1+X2 >= 6") +disp("7*X1+X2 >= 14"); +disp("X1,X2 >= 0"); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH16/EX16.3/Exa16_3.sce b/1682/CH16/EX16.3/Exa16_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..82b2b5de8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH16/EX16.3/Exa16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Exa 16.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +disp("Given the following LP model :") +disp("maximize Z = 6*X1 + 8*X2"); +disp("subject to"); +disp("5*X1+10*X2 <= 60"); +disp("4*X1+4*X2 <= 40"); +disp("X1,X2 >= 0"); +disp("The introduction of non-negative constraints X1>=0 and X2>=0 will eliminate the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quadrants of XY plane."); +disp("Compute the cordinates to plot equations relting to the constraints on the XY plane as shown below : "); +disp("5*X1+10*X2 <= 60"); +disp("When X1=0 : X2=6"); +disp("When X2=0 : X1=12"); +X1=0:12; +X2=(60-5*X1)/10; +plot2d(X1,X2); +disp("Consider the 2nd constraint in the form :"); +disp("4*X1+4*X2 <= 40"); +disp("When X1=0 : X2=10"); +disp("When X2=0 : X1=10"); +X1=0:10; +X2=(40-4*X1)/4; +plot2d(X1,X2); +disp("The closed polygon is the feasible region at each of the corner points of the closed polygon is computed as follows by substituting its coordinates in the objective function :"); +ZA=6*0+8*0; +ZB=6*10+8*0; +ZC=6*8+8*2; +ZD=6*0+8*6; +disp("ZA=6*0+8*0=0... + ZB=6*10+8*0=60... + ZC=6*8+8*2=64... + ZD=6*0+8*6=48"); +disp("Since the type of the objective function is maximization, the solution corresponding to the maximum Z value should be selected as the optimum solution. The Z value is maximum for the corner point C. Hence, the corresponding solution is "); +disp("X1 = 8 X2 = 2 and Z(Optimum) = 64"); diff --git a/1682/CH16/EX16.4/Exa16_4.sce b/1682/CH16/EX16.4/Exa16_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..549c375bf --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH16/EX16.4/Exa16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Exa 16.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +disp("Given the following LP model :") +disp("minimize Z = 2*X1 + 3*X2"); +disp("subject to"); +disp("X1+X2 >= 6"); +disp("7*X1+X2 >= 14"); +disp("X1,X2 >= 0"); +disp("The introduction of non-negative constraints X1>=0 and X2>=0 will eliminate the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quadrants of XY plane."); +disp("Compute the cordinates to plot equations relting to the constraints on the XY plane as shown below : "); +disp("X1+X2 = 6"); +disp("When X1=0 : X2=6"); +disp("When X2=0 : X1=6"); +X1=0:6; +X2=(6-X1); +plot2d(X1,X2); +disp("Consider the 2nd constraint in the form :"); +disp("7*X1+X2 = 14"); +disp("When X1=0 : X2=14"); +disp("When X2=0 : X1=2"); +X1=0:2; +X2=(14-7*X1); +plot2d(X1,X2); +disp("The Optimum solution will be in any one of the corners A, B and C"); +disp("The objective function value at each of these corner points of the feasible solution space is computed as fllows by substituting its coordinates in the objective function.") +ZA=2*0+3*14; +ZB=2*(4/3)+3*(14/3); +ZC=2*6+3*0; +disp("ZA=6*0+8*0=0... + ZB=6*10+8*0=60... + ZC=6*8+8*2=64); +disp("Since the type of the objective function is minimization, the solution corresponding to the minimum Z value should be selected as the optimum solution. The Z value is minimum for the corner point C. Hence, the corresponding solution is "); +disp("X1 = 6 X2 = 0 and Z(Optimum) = 12"); diff --git a/1682/CH16/EX16.5/Exa16_5.sce b/1682/CH16/EX16.5/Exa16_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..544e7ea35 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH16/EX16.5/Exa16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Exa 16.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +disp("Given the following LP model :") +disp("maximize Z = 6*X1 + 8*X2"); +disp("subject to"); +disp("5*X1+10*X2 <= 60"); +disp("4*X1+4*X2 <= 40"); +disp("X1,X2 >= 0"); +disp("The canonical form of the above LP problem is :"); +disp("maximize Z = 6*X1 + 8*X2 + 0*S1 + 0*S2"); +disp("subject to"); +disp("5*X1+10*X2+S1 = 60"); +disp("4*X1+4*X2+S2 = 40"); +disp("X1,X2,S1,S2 >= 0"); +disp("S1, S2 are slack variables."); +disp("The initial simplex table of the above problem is shownin table below : "); +disp("CBi Cj 6 8 0 0"); +disp(" Basic Variable X1 X2 S1 S2 Solution Ratio"); +disp(" 0 S1 5 10 1 0 60 60/10=6**"); +disp(" 0 S2 4 4 0 1 40 40/4=10"); +disp(" Zj 0 0 0 0 0"); +disp(" Cj-Zj 6 8* 0 0"); +disp("* key column ** key row"); +disp("The value at the intersection of the keyrow and key column is called the key element."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH16/EX16.6/Exa16_6.sce b/1682/CH16/EX16.6/Exa16_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..230e0088b --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH16/EX16.6/Exa16_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Exa 16.6 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +disp("Given the following LP model :") +disp("minimize Z = 2*X1 + 3*X2"); +disp("subject to"); +disp("X1+X2 >= 6"); +disp("7*X1+X2 >= 14"); +disp("X1,X2 >= 0"); +disp("Standard Form : The standard form of the above model is as follows :"); +disp("minimize Z = 2*X1 + 3*X2"); +disp("subject to"); +disp("X1+X2-S1 >= 6"); +disp("7*X1+X2-S2 >= 14"); +disp("X1,X2,S1,S2 >= 0"); +disp("S1, S2 are surplus variables which are introduced to balance the constraints."); +disp("Canonical Form : The Canonical form of the above model is as follows :"); +disp("minimize Z = 2*X1 + 3*X2 + M1*R1 + M2*R2"); +disp("subject to"); +disp("X1+X2-S1+R1 >= 6"); +disp("7*X1+X2-S2+R2 >= 14"); +disp("X1,X2,S1,S2,R1,R2 >= 0"); +disp("R1, R2 are artificial variables which are introduced to have basic variables in each of the constraints."); + +disp("The initial simplex table of the above problem is shownin table below : "); +disp("CBi Cj 2 3 0 0 M M"); +disp(" Basic Variable X1 X2 S1 S2 R1 R2 Solution Ratio"); +disp(" M R1 1 1 -1 0 1 0 6 6"); +disp(" M R2 7 1 0 -1 0 1 14 2**"); +disp(" Zj 8M 2M -M -M M M 20M"); +disp(" Cj-Zj 2-8*M 3-2*M M M 0 0"); +disp("* key column ** key row"); +disp("The value at the intersection of the keyrow and key column is called the key element."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH2/EX2.1/Exa2_1.sce b/1682/CH2/EX2.1/Exa2_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4e40de48c --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH2/EX2.1/Exa2_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Exa2.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Part a : Cost of using aluminium metal for the jet engine part +//given data : +w1=1.2;//in Kg +//let c1=cost of making aluminium casting +//let c2=cost of machining aluminium casting per unit +//let Tc=Total cost of jet engine part made of aluminium per unit +c1=80;//in Rs/Kg +c2=150;//in Rs +Tc1=c1*w1+c2;//in Rs +disp(Tc1,"Total cost of jet engine part made of aluminium per unit in Rs : "); + +//Part b : Cost of jet engine part made of steel/unit +//given data : +w2=1.35;//in Kg +//let c1=cost of making steel casting +//let c2=cost of machining steel casting per unit +//let c3=penalty of excess weight of steel casting +//let Tc=Total cost of jet engine part made of steel per unit +c1=35;//in Rs/Kg +c2=170;//in Rs +c3=1300;//in Rs/Kg +Tc2=c1*w2+c2+c3*(w2-w1);//in Rs +disp(Tc2,"Total cost of jet engine part made of steel per unit in Rs : "); +disp(Tc2-Tc1,"DECISION : The total cost/unit of a jet engine part made of aluminium is less than that for an engine made of steel. Hence, aluminium is suggested for making jet engine part. The economic advantage of aluminium over steel per unit in Rs : ") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH2/EX2.2/Exa2_2.sce b/1682/CH2/EX2.2/Exa2_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..08a3ab43a --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH2/EX2.2/Exa2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +//Exa2.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data for table with wooden top +wood=0.1;//in m^3 +WoodCost=12000;//in Rs/m^3 +Table=1;//in units +TableTopCost=3000;//in Rs/unit +LegBushes=4;//units +LegBushesCost=10;//Rs/units +Nails=100;//in grams +NailsCost=300;//in Rs/Kg +TotalLabour=15;//in Hours +TotalLabourCost=50;//in Rs/Hours +//Part a : Cost of table with wooden top +WoodCostframelegs=WoodCost*wood;//in Rs +WoodTopCost=3000;//in Rs +BushesCost=LegBushesCost*LegBushes;//in Rs +NailsCost=Nails*NailsCost/1000;//in Rs +LabourCost=TotalLabourCost*TotalLabour;//in Rs +TotalCost1=WoodCostframelegs+WoodTopCost+BushesCost+NailsCost+LabourCost;//in Rs +disp(TotalCost1,"Cost of Table with wooden top in Rs : "); + +//given data for table with granite top +wood=0.15;//in m^3 +WoodCost=12000;//in Rs/m^3 +Granite=1.62;//in m^2 +GraniteCost=800;//in Rs/m^2 +LegBushes=4;//units +LegBushesCost=25;//Rs/units +Nails=50;//in grams +NailsCost=300;//in Rs/Kg +TotalLabour=8;//in Hours +TotalLabourCost=50;//in Rs/Hours +//Part b : Cost of table with granite top +WoodCostframelegs=WoodCost*wood;//in Rs +GraniteTopCost=Granite*GraniteCost;//in Rs +BushesCost=LegBushesCost*LegBushes;//in Rs +NailsCost=Nails*NailsCost/1000;//in Rs +LabourCost=TotalLabourCost*TotalLabour;//in Rs +TotalCost2=WoodCostframelegs+GraniteTopCost+BushesCost+NailsCost+LabourCost;//in Rs +disp(TotalCost2,"Cost of Table with Granite top in Rs : "); +//Economic Advantage +disp(TotalCost1-TotalCost2,"Economic advantage of table with granite top in Rs : ") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH2/EX2.3/Exa2_3.sce b/1682/CH2/EX2.3/Exa2_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..202d1ec63 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH2/EX2.3/Exa2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Exa2.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data +LatheCost=200;//in Rs/hour +grinderCost=150;//in Rs/hour +//given data for Design A +HoursOfLathe=16;//in hours/1000Unit +HoursOfGrinder=4.5;//in hours/1000Unit +TotalCostA=LatheCost*HoursOfLathe+grinderCost*HoursOfGrinder;//in Rs/1000unit +disp(TotalCostA*100000/1000,"Total cost of design A per 100,000 units : "); + +//given data for Design B +HoursOfLathe=7;//in hours/1000Unit +HoursOfGrinder=12;//in hours/1000Unit +TotalCostB=LatheCost*HoursOfLathe+grinderCost*HoursOfGrinder;//in Rs/1000unit +disp(TotalCostB*100000/1000,"Total cost of design A per 100,000 units : "); +//Economic Advantage +disp(TotalCostA*100-TotalCostB*100,"Economic advantage of design B over design A per 100,000 units in Rs : "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH2/EX2.4/Exa2_4.sce b/1682/CH2/EX2.4/Exa2_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b18c693f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH2/EX2.4/Exa2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Exa2.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data for original design +Tanks=4;//units +TankDia=5.2;//in meter +TankRad=TankDia/2;//in meters +TankHeight=7;//in meters +HeightDiaRatio=TankHeight/TankDia;//unitless +VolPerTank=(22/7)*TankRad^2*TankHeight;//in m^3 +//given data for new design +disp("Cost of old design = 111% of cost of new design(Optimal Design)"); +disp("Optimal Ratio of height to diameter = 4:1 "); +disp("h:d = 4:1"); +disp("4*d = h"); +disp("r = h/8"); +disp("Since volume remains the same, Volume = (22/7)*(h/8)^2*h"); +h=VolPerTank/(22/7)*64;//in meters +r=h/8;//in meters +d=2*r;//in meters +CostNewDesign=900000*(100/111);//in Rs +disp(900000-CostNewDesign,"Expected savings by redesign in Rs : "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH2/EX2.5/Exa2_5.sce b/1682/CH2/EX2.5/Exa2_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f629d39bc --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH2/EX2.5/Exa2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Exa2.5 +clc; +clear; +close; +distance=2500;//in Km +TransCost=1;//in Rs/Kg/100Km +//given data for steel window frame +SteelFramePrice=1000;//in Rs/Unit +SteelFrameWeight=75;//in Kg/Unit +TotalCost1=SteelFramePrice+TransCost*SteelFrameWeight*distance/100;//in Rs +disp(TotalCost1,"Total cost of steel window frame per unit in Rs : "); + +//given data for Aluminium window frame +AlumilniumFramePrice=1500;//in Rs/Unit +AlumilniumFrameWeight=28;//in Kg/Unit +TotalCost2=AlumilniumFramePrice+TransCost*AlumilniumFrameWeight*distance/100;//in Rs +disp(TotalCost2,"Total cost of Alumilnium window frame per unit in Rs : "); +disp(TotalCost1-TotalCost2,"DECISION : The total cost per unit of the aluminium window frame is less than that of steel window frame. Hence, Alumilnium window frame is recommended. The Economic advantage per unit of the Alumilnium window frame over steel window frame in Rs : ") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH2/EX2.6/Exa2_6.sce b/1682/CH2/EX2.6/Exa2_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b2b8f2dd --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH2/EX2.6/Exa2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Exa2.6 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Cost of component using process sequence 1 +disp("The process sequence 1 of the component is as follows : Turning - Milling - Shaping - Drilling") ; +disp("Calculations are summarized in form of table below : "); +disp("Operation Operation Time Machine Hour rate Cost"); +disp(" No. Min Hour Rs. Rs."); +disp(" 1 Turning 5 0.083 200 16.60"); +disp(" 2 Milling 8 0.133 400 53.20"); +disp(" 3 Shapiing 10 0.167 350 58.45"); +disp(" 4 Drilling 3 0.050 300 15.00"); +disp(" Total 143.25"); + +//Cost of component using process sequence 2 +disp("The process sequence 2 of the component is as follows : Turning - Milling - Drilling") ; +disp("Calculations are summarized in form of table below : "); +disp("Operation Operation Time Machine Hour rate Cost"); +disp(" No. Min Hour Rs. Rs."); +disp(" 1 Turning 5 0.083 200 16.60"); +disp(" 2 Milling 14 0.233 400 93.20"); +disp(" 4 Drilling 3 0.050 300 15.00"); +disp(" Total 124.80"); + +//Cost of component using process sequence 3 +disp("The process sequence 3 of the component is as follows : Only CNC operations") ; +disp("Calculations are summarized in form of table below : "); +disp("Operation Operation Time Machine Hour rate Cost"); +disp(" No. Min Hour Rs. Rs."); +disp(" 1 CNC 8 0.133 1000 133"); + +disp("The process sequence 2 has the least cost. Therefore, it should be selected for manufacturing the component.") diff --git a/1682/CH3/EX3.1/Exa3_1.sce b/1682/CH3/EX3.1/Exa3_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a13a43f7e --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH3/EX3.1/Exa3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa3_1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data is : +P=20000;//in rupees +n=10;//in years +i=18;//% per annum +F=P*(1+i/100)^n; +disp("Maturity value after 18 years is : "+string(F)+" Rupees."); +//Note : Ans in the book is not correct. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH3/EX3.2/Exa3_2.sce b/1682/CH3/EX3.2/Exa3_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1f9bef60c --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH3/EX3.2/Exa3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa3_2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data is : +F=100000;//in rupees +n=10;//in years +i=15;//% per annum +P=F/(1+i/100)^n; +disp("The person has to invest : "+string(P)+" Rupees."); +//Note : Ans in the book is not correct. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH3/EX3.3/Exa3_3.sce b/1682/CH3/EX3.3/Exa3_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4a45db893 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH3/EX3.3/Exa3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Exa3_3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data is : +A=10000;//in rupees +n=25;//in years +i=20;//% per annum +F=A*(((1+i/100)^n-1)/(i/100)); +disp("The future sum of the annual equal payment after 25 years is : "+string(F)+" Rupees."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH3/EX3.4/Exa3_4.sce b/1682/CH3/EX3.4/Exa3_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b73ba139d --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH3/EX3.4/Exa3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Exa3_4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data is : +F=500000;//in rupees +n=15;//in years +i=18;//% per annum +A=F*((i/100)/((1+i/100)^n-1)); +disp("The annual equal ammount which must be deposited for 15 years is : "+string(A)+" Rupees."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH3/EX3.5/Exa3_5.sce b/1682/CH3/EX3.5/Exa3_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..83e85e751 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH3/EX3.5/Exa3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Exa3_5 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data is : +A=1000000;//in rupees +n=20;//in years +i=15;//% per annum +P=A*(((1+i/100)^n-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)); +disp("The amount of reserve which must be setup now is : "+string(P)+" Rupees."); +//Note : Ans in the book is not correct. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH3/EX3.6/Exa3_6.sce b/1682/CH3/EX3.6/Exa3_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fa832b469 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH3/EX3.6/Exa3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Exa3_6 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data is : +P=1000000;//in rupees +n=15;//in years +i=18;//% per annum +A=P*(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/((1+i/100)^n-1)); +disp("The annual equivalent installment to be paid by the company to the bank is : "+string(A)+" Rupees."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH3/EX3.7/Exa3_7.sce b/1682/CH3/EX3.7/Exa3_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..849f44968 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH3/EX3.7/Exa3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa3_7 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data is : +A1=4000;//in rupees +G=500;//in rupees +n=10;//in years +i=15;//% per annum +A=A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n-(i/100)*n-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n-(i/100))); +F=A*(((1+i/100)^n-1)/(i/100)); +disp("At the end of 10th year, the compound amountr of all his payments will be : "+string(F)+" Rupees."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH3/EX3.8/Exa3_8.sce b/1682/CH3/EX3.8/Exa3_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..11a0bf729 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH3/EX3.8/Exa3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Exa3_8 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data is : +A1=8500;//in rupees +G=-500;//in rupees +n=10;//in years +i=15;//% per annum +A=A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n-(i/100)*n-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n-(i/100))); +F=A*(((1+i/100)^n-1)/(i/100)); +disp("At the end of 10th year, the compound amountr of all his payments will be : "+string(F)+" Rupees."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH3/EX3.9/Exa3_9.sce b/1682/CH3/EX3.9/Exa3_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..286b03ada --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH3/EX3.9/Exa3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa3_9 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data is : +P=5000;//in rupees +n=10;//in years +i=12;//% per annum +m=4;//no. of interest periods per year for quarterly +N=n*m; +r=i/m; +F=P*(1+r/100)^N; +disp("Maturity value after 10 years is : "+string(F)+" Rupees."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH4/EX4.1/Exa4_1.sce b/1682/CH4/EX4.1/Exa4_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b8b74c61d --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH4/EX4.1/Exa4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Exa 4.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Technology 1 : +disp("Technology 1 : "); +P=1200000;//in Rs +A=400000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=10;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +PW=-P+A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW,"The present worth for this technology in RS. : "); + +//Technology 2 : +disp("Technology 2 : "); +P=2000000;//in Rs +A=600000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=10;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +PW=-P+A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW,"The present worth for this technology in RS. : "); + +//Technology 3 : +disp("Technology 3 : "); +P=1800000;//in Rs +A=500000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=10;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +PW=-P+A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW,"The present worth for this technology in RS. : "); +disp("It is clear from the calculations that the present worth of technology 2 is the highest among all technologies. Therefore technology 2 is suggested for implementation to expand the production."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH4/EX4.2/Exa4_2.sce b/1682/CH4/EX4.2/Exa4_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0ebbf6021 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH4/EX4.2/Exa4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Exa 4.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Bid 1: Alpha Elevator Inc. +disp("Bid 1: Alpha Elevator Inc. "); +P=450000;//in Rs +A=27000;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +PW=P+A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW,"The present worth for this bid in RS. : "); + +//Bid 2: Beta Elevator Inc. +disp("Bid 2: Beta Elevator Inc. "); +P=540000;//in Rs +A=28500;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +PW=P+A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW,"The present worth for this bid in RS. : "); +disp("The total present worth cost of bid 1 is less than that of bid 2. Hence bid 1 is to be selected for implementation. That is, the Elevator from Alpha Elevator Inc. is to be purchased and installed in the new building."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH4/EX4.3/Exa4_3.sce b/1682/CH4/EX4.3/Exa4_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d57edbc60 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH4/EX4.3/Exa4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Exa 4.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Investment proposal A : +P1=-10000;//in Rs +P2=3000;//in Rs +P3=3000;//in Rs +P4=7000;//in Rs +P5=6000;//in Rs +i=18;//in % per annum +//Formula : (P/F,i,n) : 1/((1+i/100)^n) +PW_A=P1+P2*1/((1+i/100)^1)+P3*1/((1+i/100)^2)+P4*1/((1+i/100)^3)+P5*1/((1+i/100)^4);//in RS +disp(PW_A,"The present worth of A in RS. : "); + +//Investment proposal B : +P1=-10000;//in Rs +P2=6000;//in Rs +P3=6000;//in Rs +P4=3000;//in Rs +P5=3000;//in Rs +i=18;//in % per annum +//Formula : (P/F,i,n) : 1/((1+i/100)^n) +PW_B=P1+P2*1/((1+i/100)^1)+P3*1/((1+i/100)^2)+P4*1/((1+i/100)^3)+P5*1/((1+i/100)^4);//in RS +disp(PW_B,"The present worth of B in RS. : "); +disp("At i=18%, the present worth of proposal B is higher than that of proposal A. Therefore, select proposal B.") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH4/EX4.4/Exa4_4.sce b/1682/CH4/EX4.4/Exa4_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bd20685b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH4/EX4.4/Exa4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Exa 4.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1 : +disp("In 1st alternative down payment : Rs. 16,00,000"); +//Alternative 2 : +P0=400000;//in Rs +P=200000;//in Rs +i=18;//in % per annum +n=10;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +PW=P0+P*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW,"The present worth of alternative 2 in RS. : "); +disp("The present worth of 2nd alternative is less than that of first one i.e., complete downpayment of Rs. 1600000. Hence, select 2nd alternative."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH4/EX4.5/Exa4_5.sce b/1682/CH4/EX4.5/Exa4_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..101b88da7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH4/EX4.5/Exa4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Exa 4.5 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Plan 1 : +P0=-1000;//in Rs +P=12000;//in Rs +i=12;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Formula : (P/F,i,n) : 1/((1+i/100)^n) +PW1=P0+P*1/((1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW1,"The present worth of Plan-1 in RS. : "); + +//Plan 2 : +P0=-1000;//in Rs +P=4000;//in Rs +i=12;//in % per annum +n1=10;//in years +n2=15;//in years +//Formula : (P/F,i,n) : 1/((1+i/100)^n) +PW2=P0+P*1/((1+i/100)^n1)++P*1/((1+i/100)^n2);//in RS +disp(PW2,"The present worth of Plan-2 in RS. : "); +disp("The present worth of Plan-1 is more than that of Plan-1. Therefore plan 1 is the best plan from the investors point of view."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH4/EX4.6/Exa4_6.sce b/1682/CH4/EX4.6/Exa4_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..4b75ed0ea --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH4/EX4.6/Exa4_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Exa 4.6 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Novel Investment Ltd. Plan : +P0=-10000;//in Rs +P=800000;//in Rs +i=12;//in % per annum +n=20;//in years +//Formula : (P/F,i,n) : 1/((1+i/100)^n) +//Formula : (P/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +PW1=P0*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)+P*1/((1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW1,"The present worth of Plan-1 in RS. : "); + +//Innovative Investment Ltd. Plan : +P0=-10000;//in Rs +P=1500000;//in Rs +i=12;//in % per annum +n1=20;//in years +n2=25;//in years +//Formula : (P/F,i,n) : 1/((1+i/100)^n) +PW2=P0*(((1+i/100)^n1)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n1)+P*1/((1+i/100)^n2);//in RS +disp(PW2,"The present worth of Plan-1 in RS. : "); +disp("The present worth of Innovative Investment Ltd. Plan is more than that of Novel Investment Ltd. Plan. Therefore Innovative Investment Ltd. Plan is the best plan from the investors point of view."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH4/EX4.7/Exa4_7.sce b/1682/CH4/EX4.7/Exa4_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..0edb0a0f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH4/EX4.7/Exa4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Exa 4.7 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=12000;//in Rs +A1=10000;//in Rs +G=1000;//in Rs +i=18;//in % per annum +n=10;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +PW=-P+(A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100))*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW,"The present worth of the small business in RS. : "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH5/EX5.1/Exa5_1.sce b/1682/CH5/EX5.1/Exa5_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..7ee33d870 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH5/EX5.1/Exa5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Exa 5.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative A : +disp("Alternative A : "); +P=5000000;//in Rs +A=2000000;//in Rs +i=18;//in % per annum +n=4;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +FW_A=(-P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100));//in RS +disp(FW_A,"The future worth amount of alternative A in RS. : "); + +//Alternative B : +disp("Alternative B : "); +P=4500000;//in Rs +A=1800000;//in Rs +i=18;//in % per annum +n=4;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +FW_B=(-P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100));//in RS +disp(FW_B,"The future worth amount of alternative B in RS. : "); +disp("The future worth of alternative A is greater than that of alternative B. Thus, alternative A should be selected."); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH5/EX5.2/Exa5_2.sce b/1682/CH5/EX5.2/Exa5_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c47094523 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH5/EX5.2/Exa5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Exa 5.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1 : +disp("Alternative 1: "); +FC=2000000;//in Rs +AI=800000;//in Rs +ATax=80000;//in Rs +NetAI=AI-ATax;//in Rs + +i=12;//in % per annum +n=20;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +FW_1=(-FC*(1+i/100)^n)+(NetAI*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100));//in RS +disp(FW_1,"The future worth amount of alternative 1 in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2 : +disp("Alternative 2: "); +FC=3600000;//in Rs +AI=980000;//in Rs +ATax=150000;//in Rs +NetAI=AI-ATax;//in Rs + +i=12;//in % per annum +n=20;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +FW_2=(-FC*(1+i/100)^n)+(NetAI*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100));//in RS +disp(FW_2,"The future worth amount of alternative 2 in RS. : "); +disp("The future worth of alternative 1 is greater than that of alternative 2. Thus, building the gas station is the best alternative."); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH5/EX5.3/Exa5_3.sce b/1682/CH5/EX5.3/Exa5_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1170137e --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH5/EX5.3/Exa5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +//Exa 5.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Evaluation at i=8% +disp("Evaluation at i=8%"); +//Alternative 1 : +disp("Alternative 1 : "); +P=500000;//in Rs +A1=50000;//in Rs +G=50000;//in Rs +i=8;//in % per annum +n=6;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +FW_1=(-P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100))*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100);//in RS +disp(FW_1,"The future worth amount of alternative 1 in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2 : +disp("Alternative 2 : "); +P=700000;//in Rs +A1=70000;//in Rs +G=70000;//in Rs +i=8;//in % per annum +n=6;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +FW_2=(-P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100))*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100);//in RS +disp(FW_2,"The future worth amount of alternative 2 in RS. : "); +disp("The future worth of alternative 2 is greater than that of alternative 1. Thus, alternative 2 must be selected."); + +//Evaluation at i=9% +disp("Evaluation at i=9%"); +//Alternative 1 : +disp("Alternative 1 : "); +P=500000;//in Rs +A1=50000;//in Rs +G=50000;//in Rs +i=9;//in % per annum +n=6;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +FW_1=(-P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100))*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100);//in RS +disp(FW_1,"The future worth amount of alternative 1 in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2 : +disp("Alternative 2 : "); +P=700000;//in Rs +A1=70000;//in Rs +G=70000;//in Rs +i=9;//in % per annum +n=6;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +FW_2=(-P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100))*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100);//in RS +disp(FW_2,"The future worth amount of alternative 2 in RS. : "); +disp("The future worth of alternative 2 is greater than that of alternative 1. Thus, alternative 2 must be selected."); + +//Evaluation at i=20% +disp("Evaluation at i=20%"); +//Alternative 1 : +disp("Alternative 1 : "); +P=500000;//in Rs +A1=50000;//in Rs +G=50000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=6;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +FW_1=(-P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100))*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100);//in RS +disp(FW_1,"The future worth amount of alternative 1 in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2 : +disp("Alternative 2 : "); +P=700000;//in Rs +A1=70000;//in Rs +G=70000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=6;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +FW_2=(-P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100))*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100);//in RS +disp(FW_2,"The future worth amount of alternative 2 in RS. : "); +disp("The negative sign of alternatives future worth indicates that alternative 2 incurs loss. Thus, none of the two alternatives should be selected. "); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH5/EX5.4/Exa5_4.sce b/1682/CH5/EX5.4/Exa5_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..f7c068ac7 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH5/EX5.4/Exa5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//Exa 5.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1 : +disp("Alternative 1 :"); +P=8000000;//in Rs +A=800000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=12;//in years +Salvage=500000;//in Rs +//Formula : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +FW1=P*(1+i/100)^n+A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100)-Salvage;//in RS +disp(FW1,"The future worth for this alternative in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2 : +disp("Alternative 2 :"); +P=7000000;//in Rs +A=900000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=12;//in years +Salvage=400000;//in Rs +//Formula : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +FW2=P*(1+i/100)^n+A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100)-Salvage;//in RS +disp(FW2,"The future worth for this alternative in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 3 : +disp("Alternative 3 :"); +P=9000000;//in Rs +A=850000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=12;//in years +Salvage=700000;//in Rs +//Formula : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +FW3=P*(1+i/100)^n+A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100)-Salvage;//in RS +disp(FW3,"The future worth for this alternative in RS. : "); +disp("The future worth of alternative 2 is less than that of other two alternatives. Thus, Ms. Krishna castings should buy the annealing furnace from manufacturer 2."); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH5/EX5.5/Exa5_5.sce b/1682/CH5/EX5.5/Exa5_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fbe6108fb --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH5/EX5.5/Exa5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Exa 5.5 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Machine A : +disp("Machine A: "); +P=400000;//in Rs +A=40000;//in Rs +S=200000;//in Rs +i=12;//in % per annum +n=4;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +FW_A=(P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100))-S;//in RS +disp(FW_A,"The future worth amount of Machine A in RS. : "); + +//Machine B : +disp("Machine AB: "); +P=800000;//in Rs +A=0;//in Rs +S=550000;//in Rs +i=12;//in % per annum +n=4;//in years +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +FW_B=(P*(1+i/100)^n)+(A*(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100))-S;//in RS +disp(FW_B,"The future worth amount of Machine B in RS. : "); +disp("The future worth of Machine A is less than that of Machine B. Thus, Machine A should be selected."); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.1/Exa6_1.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.1/Exa6_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..d7bb4307d --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.1/Exa6_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Exa 6.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//GIVEN DATA : +disp("Average No. of Km run/year = 20000 Km"); +disp("No. of Km/litre of petrol = 9 Km"); +disp("Therefore,"); +disp("Petrol consumption/year = 20000/9 = 2222.2 litre"); +disp("Cost/litre of petrol for the 1st year = Rs. 21 "); +disp("Cost/litre of petrol for the 2nd year = Rs. 21 + Re. 1 = Rs. 22 "); +disp("Cost/litre of petrol for the 3rd year = Rs. 22 + Re. 1 = Rs. 23 "); +disp("Cost/litre of petrol for the 4th year = Rs. 23 + Re. 1 = Rs. 24 "); + +disp("Fuel expenditure for 1st year = 2222.2 * 21 = Rs. 46666.20"); +disp("Fuel expenditure for 2nd year = 2222.2 * 22 = Rs. 48888.40"); +disp("Fuel expenditure for 3rd year = 2222.2 * 23 = Rs. 51110.60"); +disp("Fuel expenditure for 4th year = 2222.2 * 24 = Rs. 53332.80"); +disp("The annual equal increment of the above expendiyure is Rs. 2222.20(G)"); + +A1=46666.20;//in Rs. +G=2222.20;//in Rs. +i=18;//in % per annum +n=4;//in years +A=A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) ; +disp(A,"Annual equal amount spending for petrol in Rs. : "); +disp("This amoount is less than the annual rental value of Rs. 60000. Therefore, the company should continue to provide its own car to its executive. "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.10/Exa6_10.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.10/Exa6_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..2d02be671 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.10/Exa6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +//Exa 6.10 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Brand A : +disp("Brand A : "); +w=12;//in months +P=1200;//in Rs/tyre +i=12;//in % nominal rate(Compounded anually) +i=i/12;//in % compounded monthly +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_A=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^w)/(((1+i/100)^w)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_A,"The annual equivalent for this brand in RS. : "); + +//Brand B : +disp("Brand B : "); +w=24;//in months +P=1800;//in Rs/tyre +i=12;//in % nominal rate(Compounded anually) +i=i/12;//in % compounded monthly +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_B=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^w)/(((1+i/100)^w)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_B,"The annual equivalent for this brand in RS. : "); + +//Brand C : +disp("Brand C : "); +w=36;//in months +P=2100;//in Rs/tyre +i=12;//in % nominal rate(Compounded anually) +i=i/12;//in % compounded monthly +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_C=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^w)/(((1+i/100)^w)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_C,"The annual equivalent for this brand in RS. : "); + +//Brand D : +disp("Brand D : "); +w=48;//in months +P=2700;//in Rs/tyre +i=12;//in % nominal rate(Compounded anually) +i=i/12;//in % compounded monthly +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_D=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^w)/(((1+i/100)^w)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_D,"The annual equivalent for this brand in RS. : "); + +disp("Here common multiple lives of tyres is considered. This is 144 months. Therefore, the comparison is nade on 144 months basis."); +disp("The annual equivalent cost of Brand C is less than that of other brands. hence, it should be used in the vehicles of the trucking company. It should be replaced for times during the 144 months period."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.2/Exa6_2.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.2/Exa6_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1ba373075 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.2/Exa6_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ +//Exa 6.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1 : +disp("Alternative 1: "); +P=500000;//in Rs +A=200000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_1=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+A;//in RS +disp(AE_1,"The Annual equivalent cost of alternative 1 in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2 : +disp("Alternative 2: "); +P=400000;//in Rs +A=300000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_2=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+A;//in RS +disp(AE_2,"The Annual equivalent cost of alternative 1 in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 3 : +disp("Alternative 3: "); +P=600000;//in Rs +A=150000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_3=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+A;//in RS +disp(AE_3,"The Annual equivalent cost of alternative 1 in RS. : "); +disp("The annual equivalent cost of manufacturer 3 is less than that of other two. Therefore, company should buy advanced machine centre from manufacturer 3. "); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.3/Exa6_3.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.3/Exa6_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b90ef505a --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.3/Exa6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Exa 6.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative A : +disp("Alternative A: "); +P=150000;//in Rs +A=60000;//in Rs +S=15000;//in Rs +i=25;//in % per annum +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_A=-P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+A+S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_A,"The Annual equivalent revenue of alternative A in RS. : "); +//Alternative B : +disp("Alternative B: "); +P=175000;//in Rs +A=70000;//in Rs +S=35000;//in Rs +i=25;//in % per annum +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_B=-P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+A+S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_B,"The Annual equivalent revenue of alternative A in RS. : "); +disp("The annual equivalent net return of alternative B is more than that of alternative A. Thus the company should select alternative A"); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.4/Exa6_4.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.4/Exa6_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..48c86e911 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.4/Exa6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Exa 6.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Machine X : +disp("Machine X : "); +P=150000;//in Rs +A=0;//in Rs +S=0;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=12;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_X=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_X,"The Annual equivalent cost of machine X in RS. : "); + +//Machine Y : +disp("Machine Y : "); +P=240000;//in Rs +A=4500;//in Rs +S=60000;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=12;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_Y=P*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+A-S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_Y,"The Annual equivalent cost of machine X in RS. : "); +disp("The annual equivalent cost of machine X is less than that of machine Y.So machine X is more cost effective machine. "); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.5/Exa6_5.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.5/Exa6_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..24645f3e1 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.5/Exa6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Exa 6.5 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1 : Around the lake +disp("Alternative 1 : Around the lake"); +FC=15*150000;//in Rs +MC=15*6000;//in Rs +PL=15*15000;//in Rs +MCPL=MC+PL;//in Rs +S=15*90000;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE1=FC*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+MCPL-S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE1,"The Annual equivalent cost for this alternative in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 1 : Under the lake +FC=5*750000;//in Rs +MC=5*12000;//in Rs +PL=5*15000;//in Rs +MCPL=MC+PL;//in Rs +S=5*150000;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=15;//in years +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE2=FC*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+MCPL-S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE2,"The Annual equivalent cost for this alternative in RS. : "); +disp("The annual equivalent cost of alternative 1 is less than that of alternative 2. Therefore, select the route around the lake for laying the power line."); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.6/Exa6_6.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.6/Exa6_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c47366214 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.6/Exa6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Exa 6.6 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1 : Purchase of diesel Taxi +disp("Alternative 1 : Purchase of diesel Taxi"); +VC=390000;//in Rs +LpY=60000/30;//in litres +FcY=2000*8;//in Rs +AllExp=FcY+9000+15000;//in Rs +S=60000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=4;//in years +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE1=VC*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+AllExp-S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE1,"The Annual equivalent cost for this alternative in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2 : Purchase of petrol Taxi +disp("Alternative 2 : Purchase of petrol Taxi"); +VC=360000;//in Rs +LpY=60000/20;//in litres +FcY=3000*20;//in Rs +AllExp=FcY+6000+15000;//in Rs +S=90000;//in Rs +i=20;//in % per annum +n=3;//in years +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE2=VC*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+AllExp-S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE2,"The Annual equivalent cost for this alternative in RS. : "); +disp("The annual equivalent cost of purchase and operation of cars with diesel engine is less than that of cars with petrol engine. Therefore, the taxy company should buy cars with diesel engine."); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.7/Exa6_7.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.7/Exa6_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..89dde4a00 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.7/Exa6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Exa 6.7 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1 : Purchase car for cash +disp("Alternative 1 : Purchase car for cash"); +Pprice=390000;//in Rs +n=3;//in years +n=n*12;//in months +S=120000;//in Rs +i=12;//in % nominal rate(Compounded anually) +i=i/12;//in % compounded monthly +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +ME1=Pprice*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)-S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(ME1,"The Monthly equivalent cost for this alternative in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2 : Use of car under lease +disp("Alternative 2 : Use of car under lease"); +LeaseAmount=10500;//in Rs +MonthlyEquiCost=LeaseAmount;//in Rs. +disp(MonthlyEquiCost,"The Monthly equivalent cost for this alternative in RS. : "); +disp("The monthly equivalent cost of alternative 1 is less than that of alternative 2. hence the salesman should purchase the car for cash.") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.8/Exa6_8.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.8/Exa6_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c1332af3c --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.8/Exa6_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Exa 6.8 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Machine A : +disp("Machine A : "); +IC=300000;//in Rs +n=4;//in years +S=200000;//in Rs +AM=30000;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_A=IC*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+AM-S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_A,"The Annual equivalent cost of machine X in RS. : "); + +//Machine B : +disp("Machine B : "); +IC=600000;//in Rs +n=4;//in years +S=300000;//in Rs +AM=0;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE_B=IC*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+AM-S*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in RS +disp(AE_B,"The Annual equivalent cost of machine X in RS. : "); +disp("The annual equivalent cost of machine A is less than that of machine B.So machine A is more cost effective machine. It is advised to buy machine A "); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH6/EX6.9/Exa6_9.sce b/1682/CH6/EX6.9/Exa6_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..fe70e09c5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH6/EX6.9/Exa6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Exa 6.9 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1 : +disp("Alternative 1 : "); +DP=60000;//in Rs +P1=15000;//in Rs +n=1;//in years +i=12;//in % Compounded anually +//Formula : (P/F,i,n) : 1/((1+i/100)^n) +PW1=DP+P1*1/((1+i/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW1,"The annual equivalent for this alternative in RS. : "); +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +n=4;//in years +AE1=PW1*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +disp(AE1,"The annual equivalent for this alternative in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2 : +disp("Alternative 2 : "); +P4y=90000;//in Rs +AE2=P4y*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in Rs. +disp(AE2,"The annual equivalent for this alternative in RS. : "); +disp("The annual equivalent cost of alternative 2 is less than that of alternative 1. Hence, Joshi Lakshimi should select alternative 2 for purchasing the home equipment."); +//Note : Calculation in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH7/EX7.1/Exa7_1.sce b/1682/CH7/EX7.1/Exa7_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6fac31bbe --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH7/EX7.1/Exa7_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Exa 7.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +Ii=100000;//in Rs +Ar=30000;//in Rs +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +// when i=10 % +i1=10;//in % per annum +PW1=-Ii+Ar*(((1+i1/100)^n)-1)/((i1/100)*(1+i1/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW1,"The present worth for i=10% in RS. : "); +// when i=15 % +i2=15;//in % per annum +PW2=-Ii+Ar*(((1+i2/100)^n)-1)/((i2/100)*(1+i2/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW2,"The present worth for i=15% in RS. : "); +// when i=18 % +i3=18;//in % per annum +PW3=-Ii+Ar*(((1+i3/100)^n)-1)/((i3/100)*(1+i3/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW3,"The present worth for i=18% in RS. : "); +disp("Present worth for i=15% is suitable."); +i=15+(PW2-0)*(i3-i2)/(PW2-PW3);//in Rs. +disp(i,"Therefore, the rate of return for the new business in % per annum :"); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH7/EX7.2/Exa7_2.sce b/1682/CH7/EX7.2/Exa7_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..c28c974fc --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH7/EX7.2/Exa7_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +//Exa 7.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +Io=2000000;//in Rs +ANP=350000;//in Rs +S=0;//in Rs +n=10;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +// when i=10 % +i1=10;//in % per annum +PW1=-Io+ANP*(((1+i1/100)^n)-1)/((i1/100)*(1+i1/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW1,"The present worth for i=10% in RS. : "); +// when i=12 % +i2=12;//in % per annum +PW2=-Io+ANP*(((1+i2/100)^n)-1)/((i2/100)*(1+i2/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW2,"The present worth for i=15% in RS. : "); +disp("Present worth for i=10% is suitable."); +i=10+(PW1-0)*(i2-i1)/(PW1-PW2);//in Rs. +disp(i,"Therefore, the rate of return of the new product line in % per annum :"); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH7/EX7.3/Exa7_3.sce b/1682/CH7/EX7.3/Exa7_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a1d251bc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH7/EX7.3/Exa7_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +//Exa 7.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1: +disp("Alternative 1:"); +Io=150000;//in Rs +Ap=45570;//in Rs +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +// when i=10 % +i1=10;//in % per annum +PW1=-Io+Ap*(((1+i1/100)^n)-1)/((i1/100)*(1+i1/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW1,"The present worth for i=10% in RS. : "); +// when i=12 % +i2=12;//in % per annum +PW2=-Io+Ap*(((1+i2/100)^n)-1)/((i2/100)*(1+i2/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW2,"The present worth for i=10% in RS. : "); +// when i=15 % +i3=15;//in % per annum +PW3=-Io+Ap*(((1+i3/100)^n)-1)/((i3/100)*(1+i3/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW3,"The present worth for i=10% in RS. : "); +// when i=18 % +i4=18;//in % per annum +PW4=-Io+Ap*(((1+i4/100)^n)-1)/((i4/100)*(1+i4/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW4,"The present worth for i=10% in RS. : "); +disp("Present worth for i=15% is suitable."); +i=i3+(PW3-0)*(i4-i3)/(PW3-PW4);//in Rs. +disp(i,"Therefore, the rate of return of alternative in % per annum :"); + +//Alternative 2: +disp("Alternative 2:"); +Io=210000;//in Rs +Ap=58260;//in Rs +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +// when i=12 % +i1=12;//in % per annum +PW1=-Io+Ap*(((1+i1/100)^n)-1)/((i1/100)*(1+i1/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW1,"The present worth for i=12% in RS. : "); +// when i=13 % +i2=13;//in % per annum +PW2=-Io+Ap*(((1+i2/100)^n)-1)/((i2/100)*(1+i2/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW2,"The present worth for i=13% in RS. : "); +disp("Present worth for i=12% is suitable."); +i=i1+(PW1-0)*(i2-i1)/(PW1-PW2);//in Rs. +disp(i,"Therefore, the rate of return of alternative 2 in % per annum :"); + +//Alternative 3: +disp("Alternative 3:"); +Io=255000;//in Rs +Ap=69000;//in Rs +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +// when i=11 % +i1=11;//in % per annum +PW1=-Io+Ap*(((1+i1/100)^n)-1)/((i1/100)*(1+i1/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW1,"The present worth for i=11% in RS. : "); +// when i=12 % +i2=12;//in % per annum +PW2=-Io+Ap*(((1+i2/100)^n)-1)/((i2/100)*(1+i2/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW2,"The present worth for i=12% in RS. : "); +disp("Present worth for i=11% is suitable."); +i=i1+(PW1-0)*(i2-i1)/(PW1-PW2);//in Rs. +disp(i,"Therefore, the rate of return of the alternative 3 in % per annum :"); +disp(""); +disp("It is clear that rate of return for alternative 3v is less than the minimum attractive rate of return of 12 %. So it should not be considered for comparison. the remaining two alternatives are qualified for consideration. Among the alternatives 1 and 2, the rate of return of 1 is greater than that of 2. ence, alternative 1 should be selected. "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH7/EX7.4/Exa7_4.sce b/1682/CH7/EX7.4/Exa7_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..ac51cd933 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH7/EX7.4/Exa7_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Exa 7.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data +A0=-1275;//in Rs +A1=150;//in Rs +G=150;//in Rs +i=10;//in % per annum +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (A/G,i,n) :(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) +A=A1+G*(((1+i/100)^n)-i*n/100-1)/(((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)-i/100) ;//in RS +disp(A,"The annual equivalent of the positive cash flows in RS. : "); +//Formula : (P/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +i1=10;//in % per annum +PW1=A0+(A1+G*(((1+i1/100)^n)-i1*n/100-1)/(((i1/100)*(1+i1/100)^n)-i1/100))*(((1+i1/100)^n)-1)/((i1/100)*(1+i1/100)^n);''//i1n Rs. +disp(PW1,"PW(10) :"); +i2=12;//i2n % per annum +PW2=A0+(A1+G*(((1+i2/100)^n)-i2*n/100-1)/(((i2/100)*(1+i2/100)^n)-i2/100))*(((1+i2/100)^n)-1)/((i2/100)*(1+i2/100)^n);''//i2n Rs. +disp(PW2,"PW(12) :"); +i3=15;//i3n % per annum +PW3=A0+(A1+G*(((1+i3/100)^n)-i3*n/100-1)/(((i3/100)*(1+i3/100)^n)-i3/100))*(((1+i3/100)^n)-1)/((i3/100)*(1+i3/100)^n);''//i3n Rs. +disp(PW3,"PW(15) :"); +i4=18;//in % per annum +PW4=A0+(A1+G*(((1+i4/100)^n)-i4*n/100-1)/(((i4/100)*(1+i4/100)^n)-i4/100))*(((1+i4/100)^n)-1)/((i4/100)*(1+i4/100)^n);''//in Rs. +disp(PW4,"PW(18) :"); + +disp("Present worth for i=15% is suitable."); +i=i3+(PW3-0)*(i4-i3)/(PW3-PW4);//in Rs. +disp(i,"Therefore, the rate of return for the given cash flow in % per annum :"); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH7/EX7.5/Exa7_5.sce b/1682/CH7/EX7.5/Exa7_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..63a572259 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH7/EX7.5/Exa7_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +//Exa 7.5 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1: +disp("Alternative 1:"); +Io=500000;//in Rs +Ar=170000;//in Rs +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +// when i=15 % +i1=15;//in % per annum +PW1=-Io+Ar*(((1+i1/100)^n)-1)/((i1/100)*(1+i1/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW1,"The present worth(PW(15%)) for i=10% in RS. : "); +// when i=17 % +i2=17;//in % per annum +PW2=-Io+Ar*(((1+i2/100)^n)-1)/((i2/100)*(1+i2/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW2,"The present worth(PW17(%)) for i=10% in RS. : "); +// when i=20 % +i3=20;//in % per annum +PW3=-Io+Ar*(((1+i3/100)^n)-1)/((i3/100)*(1+i3/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW3,"The present worth(PW(20%)) for i=10% in RS. : "); +// when i=22 % +i4=22;//in % per annum +PW4=-Io+Ar*(((1+i4/100)^n)-1)/((i4/100)*(1+i4/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW4,"The present worth(PW(22%)) for i=10% in RS. : "); +disp("Present worth for i=15% is suitable."); +i=i3+(PW3-0)*(i4-i3)/(PW3-PW4);//in Rs. +disp(i,"Therefore, the rate of return of alternative 1 in % per annum :"); + +//Alternative 2: +disp("Alternative 2:"); +Io=800000;//in Rs +Ar=270000;//in Rs +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (P/A,i,n)=(((1+i/100)^n)-1)/((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n) +// when i=20 % +i3=20;//in % per annum +PW3=-Io+Ar*(((1+i3/100)^n)-1)/((i3/100)*(1+i3/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW3,"The present worth(PW(20%)) for i=10% in RS. : "); +// when i=22 % +i4=22;//in % per annum +PW4=-Io+Ar*(((1+i4/100)^n)-1)/((i4/100)*(1+i4/100)^n);//in RS +disp(PW4,"The present worth(PW(22%)) for i=10% in RS. : "); +disp("Present worth for i=15% is suitable."); +i=i3+(PW3-0)*(i4-i3)/(PW3-PW4);//in Rs. +disp(i,"Therefore, the rate of return of alternative 2 in % per annum :"); +disp("Since the rate of return of alternative 1 is greater than that of the alternative 2, select alternative 1. "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.1/Exa8_1.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.1/Exa8_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6f26b0803 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.1/Exa8_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +//Exa 8.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//given data : +//When i=0% +disp("When i = 0% :"); +FC=4000;//in Rs. +i=0;//in % per annum +MC1=0;//in Rs. +disp("Tabulation to determine economic life : "); +disp("End of Maintenance Summation of Avg cost of Avg FC if Avg total"); +disp(" year cost at end maintenance maintenance replaced at cost through"); +disp(" of year costs through year year given year given"); +disp(" A B(Rs.) C(Rs.) D(Rs.) E(Rs.) F(Rs.)"); +disp(" 1 0 0 0 4000 4000"); +disp(" 2 200 200 100 2000 2100"); +disp(" 3 400 600 200 1333.33 1533.33"); +disp(" 4 600 1200 300 1000 1300"); +disp(" 5 800 2000 400 800 1200"); +disp(" 6 1000 3000 500 666.67 1166.67"); +disp(" 7 1200 4200 600 571.43 1171.43"); +disp("Economic life of the machine : 6 years"); +disp("Column C summarizes the summation of maintenance costs for each replacement period. The value corresponding to any end of year in this column represents the total maintenance costs of using the equipment till the end of that year. It gives the Economic life of the machine : 6 years"); + +//When i=12% +disp("When i = 12% :"); +i=12;//in % per annum +FC=4000;//in Rs. +disp("Tabulation to determine economic life : "); +disp("End of Maintenance P/F PW as of begin Summation of PW of A/P Annual equi"); +disp(" year cost at end 12% of year of PW of cumulative 12% total cost"); +disp(" of year n maintenance maintenance maintenance n of year"); +disp(" A B(Rs.) C(Rs.) D(Rs.) E(Rs.) F(Rs.) G(rs.) H(rs.)"); +disp(" 1 0 0.8929 0.00 0.00 4000.00 1.1200 4480.00"); +disp(" 2 200 0.7972 159.44 159.44 4159.44 0.5917 2461.14"); +disp(" 3 400 0.7118 284.72 444.16 4444.16 0.4163 1850.10"); +disp(" 4 600 0.6355 381.30 825.46 4825.46 0.3292 1588.54"); +disp(" 5 800 0.5674 453.92 1279.38 5279.38 0.2774 1464.50"); +disp(" 6 1000 0.5066 506.60 1785.98 5785.98 0.2432 1407.15"); +disp(" 7 1200 0.4524 542.88 2328.86 6328.86 0.2191 1386.65"); +disp(" 8 1400 0.4039 565.46 2894.32 6894.32 0.2013 1387.83"); +disp(" 9 1600 0.3606 576.96 3471.28 7471.28 0.1877 1402.36"); +disp(" 10 1800 0.3220 579.60 4050.88 8050.88 0.1770 1425.00"); +disp("Economic life of the machine : 7 years"); +disp("For this problem, the annual equivalent total cost is minimum at the end of year 7. Therefore, the economic life of the equipment is 7 year."); diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.10/Exa8_10.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.10/Exa8_10.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..a1bbed274 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.10/Exa8_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Exa 8.10 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +p1=(100-96)/100;//unitless +p2=(96-89)/100;//unitless +p3=(89-68)/100;//unitless +p4=(68-37)/100;//unitless +p5=(37-13)/100;//unitless +p6=(13-0)/100;//unitless +N0=1000;//no. of resistors +N1=N0*p1;//no. of resistors +N2=N0*p2+N1*p1;//no. of resistors +N3=N0*p3+N1*p2+N2*p1;//no. of resistors +N4=N0*p4+N1*p3+N2*p2+N3*p1;//no. of resistors +N5=N0*p5+N1*p4+N2*p3+N3*p2+N4*p1;//no. of resistors +N6=N0*p6+N1*p5+N2*p4+N3*p3+N4*p2+N5*p1 ;//no. of resistors +//Calculation of individual replacement cost +Life=0;//in months +p=[p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6];//Unitless +for i=1:6 + Life=Life+i*p(i); +end +disp(Life,"Expected life of each transistor in months : ") +disp(round(1000/Life),"Average No. of failures/month : "); +disp(round(1000/Life)*10,"Therefore, cost of individual replacement in Rs. : ") + + +//Calculation of group replacement cost +disp("Cost/transistor when replaced simultaneously = Rs. 4"); +disp("Cost/transistor when replaced individually = Rs. 10"); +disp("The cost of group replacement policy for several replacement periods are summarized in Table 8.7. This table can be seen from the book."); +disp("From table it is clear that the avg cost/month is minimum for the 3rd month. Hence, the group replacement period is 3 months."); +disp("Individual replacement cost/month = Rs. 2480"); +disp("Minimum group replacement ost/month = Rs. 2426.67"); +disp("Since the min group replacement cost/month is less than the individual replacement cost/month, the group replacement policy is the best, and hence all the transistors should be replaced in 3 months.") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.2/Exa8_2.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.2/Exa8_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..075baa636 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.2/Exa8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Exa 8.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +FC=20000;//in Rs. +i=15;//in % per annum +disp("The other details are summarized in Table 8.3. It can be seen from the book."); +disp("Total annual equivalent cost = [cumulative sum of PW as of beginning of year 1 of operation & maintenance cost + FC - PW as of beginning of year 1 of salvage]*(A/P,15,n)"); +disp("In column L, the annual equivalent cost is minimum for n=5. Therefore, the economic life of the machine is 5 years. "); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.3/Exa8_3.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.3/Exa8_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..24b921f84 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.3/Exa8_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Exa 8.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +FC=20000;//in Rs. +i=15;//in % per annum +disp("The details are summarized in Table 8.4. It can be seen from the book."); +disp("Total annual equivalent cost = [summation of PW of maintenance cost + FC]]*(A/P,15,n)"); +disp("(column E + Rs. 6000)* Column G"); +disp("Column F * Column G"); +disp("In column H, the minimum annual equivalent cost occurs when n=8. Therefore, the economic life of the machine B is 8 years. "); +disp("RESULT : Min annual equivalent cost for machine A : Rs. 2780"); +disp("Min annual equivalent cost for machine B : Rs. 3672.30"); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.4/Exa8_4.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.4/Exa8_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3e5f0fee5 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.4/Exa8_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Exa 8.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1: Present machine : +Pprice=200000;//in Rs +P=120000;//in Rs +F=25000;//in Rs +A=25000;//in Rs +i=12;//in % per annum +n=6;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE1=(P-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE1,"The annual equivalent cost(AE(12%)) of this alternative in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2: New machine : +P=150000;//in Rs +F=20000;//in Rs +A=14000;//in Rs +i=12;//in % per annum +n=6;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE2=(P-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE2,"The annual equivalent cost(AE(12%)) of this alternative in RS. : "); +disp("Since, The equivalent cost of new machine is less than that of present machine, it is suggested that the present machine be replaced with the new machine."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.5/Exa8_5.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.5/Exa8_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..799aa6c62 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.5/Exa8_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Exa 8.5 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1: Old deisel Engine : +Pprice=50000;//in Rs +P=15000;//in Rs +F=8000;//in Rs +A=14000;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE1=(P-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE1,"The annual equivalent cost(AE(15%)) of this alternative in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2: New deisel Engine : +P=65000;//in Rs +F=13000;//in Rs +A=9000;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=20;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE2=(P-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE2,"The annual equivalent cost(AE(15%)) of this alternative in RS. : "); +disp("Since, The equivalent cost of Old deisel Engine is less than that of New deisel Engine, it is suggested to keep the Old deisel Engine."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.6/Exa8_6.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.6/Exa8_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..6f979d002 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.6/Exa8_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Exa 8.6 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1: Reinforce the existing bridge +disp("Alternative 1: Reinforce the existing bridge."); +P=660000;//in Rs +F=400000;//in Rs +A=96000;//in Rs +i=10;//in % per annum +n=5;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE1=(P-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE1,"The annual equivalent cost(AE(10%)) of this alternative in RS. : "); + +//Alternative 2: Replace the existing bridge by a new prestressed concrete bridge +disp("Alternative 2: Replace the existing bridge by a new prestressed concrete bridge."); +P=150000;//in Rs +X=420000;//in Rs +i=10;//in % per annum +n=40;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE2=(P-X)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE2,"The annual equivalent cost(AE(10%)) of this alternative in RS. : "); +disp("Since, The equivalent cost of alternative 2 is less than that of alternative 1, it is suggested that alternative 2 should be selected."); +//Note : calculations in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.7/Exa8_7.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.7/Exa8_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..953992001 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.7/Exa8_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//Exa 8.7 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1: Augmenting the present 10 hp motor with an additional 5 hp motor +disp("Alternative 1: Augmenting the present 10 hp motor with an additional 5 hp motor."); +//Calculation of annual equivalent cost of 10 hp motor +P=10000;//in Rs +F=1500;//in Rs +A=1600;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=7;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE1=(P-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE1,"The annual equivalent cost(AE(10%)) of 10 hp motor in RS. : "); + +//Calculation of annual equivalent cost of 5 hp motor +P=10000;//in Rs +F=800;//in Rs +A=1000;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=7;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE2=(P-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE2,"The annual equivalent cost(AE(10%)) of 10 hp motor in RS. : "); +disp(AE1+AE2,"Total annual equivalent cost of alternative in Rs. : "); + + +//Alternative 2: Replacing the present 10 hp motor with a new 15 hp motor +disp("Alternative 2: Replacing the present 10 hp motor with a new 15 hp motor."); +P=35000;//in Rs +F=4000;//in Rs +A=500;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=7;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE=(P-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE,"The annual equivalent cost of alternative 2 in RS. : "); +disp("Since, The equivalent cost of alternative 1 is less than that of alternative 2, it is suggested that the present 10 hp motor be augmented with an additional 5 hp motor."); +//Note : calculations in the book is not accurate. \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.8/Exa8_8.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.8/Exa8_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..faaac9e8c --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.8/Exa8_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Exa 8.8 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Alternative 1: Old Machine : +disp("Let the comparative use value of old machine be X.") +F=1000;//in Rs +A=7500;//in Rs +i=12;//in % per annum +n=4;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +disp("AE(12%)=(X-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS") + +//Alternative 2: New Machine : +P=10000;//in Rs +F=4000;//in Rs +A=500;//in Rs +i=15;//in % per annum +n=4;//in years +//Formula : (A/P,i,n) : ((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +AE=(P-F)*((i/100)*(1+i/100)^n)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)+F*i/100+A;//in RS +disp(AE,"The annual equivalent cost(AE(15%)) of n in RSew machine : "); +disp("Now equating both annual equivalent cost we get the X."); +disp("X = Rs. 7334.14"); +disp("The comparative use value of old machine is Rs. 7334.14, which is less than the price(Rs. 8000) offered by the company which is supplying the new machine in the event of replacing the old machine by nw machine. "); +disp("Therefore, it is advisable to replace the old machine with the new one."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH8/EX8.9/Exa8_9.sce b/1682/CH8/EX8.9/Exa8_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..841aaef92 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH8/EX8.9/Exa8_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Exa 8.9 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +p1=0.07;//unitless +p2=0.11;//unitless +p3=0.12;//unitless +p4=0.18;//unitless +p5=0.21;//unitless +p6=0.20;//unitless +p7=0.11;//unitless +N0=100;//no. of transistors +N1=N0*p1;//no. of transistors +N2=N0*p2;//no. of transistors +N3=N0*p3;//no. of transistors +N4=N0*p4;//no. of transistors +N5=N0*p5;//no. of transistors +N6=N0*p6;//no. of transistors +N7=N0*p7;//no. of transistors +//Calculation of individual replacement cost +Life=0;//in weeks +p=[p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7];//Unitless +for i=1:7 + Life=Life+i*p(i); +end +disp(Life,"Expected life of each transistor in weeks : ") +disp(round(100/Life),"Average No. of failures/week : "); + +//Calculation of group replacement cost +disp("Cost of transistor when replaced simultaneously = Rs. 3"); +disp("Cost of transistor when replaced individually = Rs. 9"); +disp("The cost of group replacement policy for seeral replacement periods are summarized in Table 8.6. This table can be seen from the book."); +disp("From table it is clear that the avg cost/week is minimum for the 4th week. Hence, the group replacement period is 4 weeks."); +disp("Individual replacement cost/week = Rs. 207"); +disp("Minimum group replacement ost/week = Rs. 196.50"); +disp("Since the min group replacement cost/week is less than the individual replacement cost/week, the group replacement policy is the best, and hence all the transistors should be replaced in 4 weeks.") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH9/EX9.1/Exa9_1.sce b/1682/CH9/EX9.1/Exa9_1.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..405acf853 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH9/EX9.1/Exa9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Exa 9.1 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=100000;//in Rs +F=20000;//in Rs +n=8;//in years +Dt=(P-F)/n;//in Rs. +disp("In this method of depreciation, the value of Dt is same for all the years. The calculations pertaining to Bt for different values of t are summarized in table below : "); +disp("End of year Depreciation Book value"); +disp(" (t) (Dt) (Bt=B(t-1)-Dt)"); +disp(" 0 100000"); +disp(" 1 10000 90000"); +disp(" 2 10000 80000"); +disp(" 3 10000 70000"); +disp(" 4 10000 60000"); +disp(" 5 10000 50000"); +disp(" 6 10000 40000"); +disp(" 7 10000 30000"); +disp(" 8 10000 20000"); +disp("If we are interested in computing Dt and Bt for a specific period (t), the formulae can be used. in this approach, it should be noted that the depreciation is the same for all the periods."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH9/EX9.2/Exa9_2.sce b/1682/CH9/EX9.2/Exa9_2.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..cdadd172c --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH9/EX9.2/Exa9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Exa 9.2 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=100000;//in Rs +F=20000;//in Rs +n=8;//in years +D5=(P-F)/n;//in Rs. +disp(D5,"D5 in Rs. : "); +disp("(This is independent of the time period)"); +t=5;//in years +Bt=P-t*(P-F)/n;//in Rs +disp(Bt,"B5 in Rs. : ") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH9/EX9.3/Exa9_3.sce b/1682/CH9/EX9.3/Exa9_3.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..bc6efa89c --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH9/EX9.3/Exa9_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Exa 9.3 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=100000;//in Rs +F=20000;//in Rs +n=8;//in years +k=0.2 +Dt=(P-F)/n;//in Rs. +disp("The calculations pertaining to Dt and Bt for different values of t are summarized in table below using the formulae : "); +disp("Dt=k*B(t-1)"); +disp("Bt=B(t-1)-Dt"); + +disp("End of year Depreciation Book value"); +disp(" (t) (Dt) (Bt=B(t-1)-Dt)"); +disp(" 0 100000.00"); +disp(" 1 20000.00 80000.00"); +disp(" 2 16000.00 64000.00"); +disp(" 3 12800.00 51200.00"); +disp(" 4 10240.00 40960.00"); +disp(" 5 8192.00 32768.00"); +disp(" 6 6553.60 26214.40"); +disp(" 7 5242.88 20971.52"); +disp(" 8 4194. 16777.22"); +disp("If we are interested in computing Dt and Bt for a specific period (t), the formulae can be used. in this approach, it should be noted that the depreciation is the same for all the periods."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH9/EX9.4/Exa9_4.sce b/1682/CH9/EX9.4/Exa9_4.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..8d1f25511 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH9/EX9.4/Exa9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Exa 9.4 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=100000;//in Rs +F=20000;//in Rs +n=8;//in years +k=0.2 +t=5;//in years +Dt=k*(1-k)^(t-1)*P;//in Rs. +disp(Dt,"D5 in Rs. : "); +Bt=((1-k)^t)*P;//in Rs. +disp(Bt,"B5 in Rs. : ") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH9/EX9.5/Exa9_5.sce b/1682/CH9/EX9.5/Exa9_5.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..1acf7a0f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH9/EX9.5/Exa9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Exa 9.5 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=100000;//in Rs +F=20000;//in Rs +n=8;//in years +Sum=n*(n+1)/2;//sum of the years +disp("The rates for years 1-8, are respectively 8/36,7/36,6/36,5/36,4/36,3/36,2/36,1/36"); +disp("The calculations of Dt and Bt for different values of t are summarized in table below using the formulae : "); +disp("Dt=Rate*(P-F)"); +disp("Bt=B(t-1)-Dt"); +disp("End of year Depreciation Book value"); +disp(" (t) (Dt) (Bt=B(t-1)-Dt)"); +disp(" 0 100000.00"); +disp(" 1 17777.77 82222.23"); +disp(" 2 15555.55 66666.68"); +disp(" 3 13333.33 53333.35"); +disp(" 4 11111.11 42222.24"); +disp(" 5 8888.88 33333.36"); +disp(" 6 6666.66 26666.70"); +disp(" 7 4444.44 22222.26"); +disp(" 8 2222.22 20000.04"); +disp("If we are interested in computing Dt and Bt for a specific period (t), then the usage of the formulae would be better."); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH9/EX9.6/Exa9_6.sce b/1682/CH9/EX9.6/Exa9_6.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..3eaec63e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH9/EX9.6/Exa9_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 9.6 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=100000;//in Rs +F=20000;//in Rs +n=8;//in years +t=5;//in years +Dt=(n-t+1)*(P-F)/(n*(n+1)/2);//in Rs. +disp(Dt,"D5 in Rs. : "); +Bt=(P-F)*((n-t)/n)*((n-t+1)/(n+1))+F;//in Rs. +disp(Bt,"B5 in Rs. : ") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH9/EX9.7/Exa9_7.sce b/1682/CH9/EX9.7/Exa9_7.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..5eaf5dc7e --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH9/EX9.7/Exa9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Exa 9.7 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=100000;//in Rs +F=20000;//in Rs +n=8;//in years +i=12;//in % per annum +A=(P-F)*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1);//in Rs. +disp("In this method of depreciation, a fixed amount of Rs. "+string(A)+" will be depreciated at the end of every year from the earning of the asset. The deprecited amount will earn intrest for the remaining period of life of the asset at an intrest rate of 12 %, compounded anually."); +disp(A,"Depreciation at the end of year 1(D1) in Rs. : "); +disp(A+A*i/100,"Depreciation at the end of year 2(D2) in Rs. : "); +disp(A+(A+(A+A*i/100))*i/100,"Depreciation at the end of year 3(D3) in Rs. : "); +disp("The calculations along with boook values are summarized in table below : "); +disp("End of year Fixed Depreciation Net Depreciation Book value"); +disp(" (t) (Rs.) Dt(Rs.) Bt(Rs.)"); +disp(" 0 6504 100000.00"); +disp(" 1 6504 6504.00 82222.23"); +disp(" 2 6504 7284.48 66666.68"); +disp(" 3 6504 8158.62 53333.35"); +disp(" 4 6504 9137.65 42222.24"); +disp(" 5 6504 10324.17 33333.36"); +disp(" 6 6504 11462.27 26666.70"); +disp(" 7 6504 12837.74 22222.26"); +disp(" 8 6504 14378.27 20000.04"); \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH9/EX9.8/Exa9_8.sce b/1682/CH9/EX9.8/Exa9_8.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..b6ab19f9a --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH9/EX9.8/Exa9_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Exa 9.8 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=100000;//in Rs +F=20000;//in Rs +n=8;//in years +i=12;//in % per annum +//Formula : (A/F,i,n) : (i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1) +//Formula : (F/P,i,n) : (1+i/100)^n +//Formula : (F/A,i,n) : (((1+i/100)^n)-1)/(i/100) +t=5;//in Years +Dt=(P-F)*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)*(1+i/100)^(t-1);//in Rs. +disp(Dt,"D5 in Rs. : "); +t=7;//in Years +Bt=P-(P-F)*(i/100)/(((1+i/100)^n)-1)*(((1+i/100)^t)-1)/(i/100);//in Rs. +disp(Bt,"B7 in Rs. : ") \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/1682/CH9/EX9.9/Exa9_9.sce b/1682/CH9/EX9.9/Exa9_9.sce new file mode 100755 index 000000000..53144d54a --- /dev/null +++ b/1682/CH9/EX9.9/Exa9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Exa 9.9 +clc; +clear; +close; +//Given data : +P=8000000;//in Rs +F=50000;//in Rs +X=75000;//in Km +x=2000;//in Km +n=8;//in years +i=12;//in % per annum +D=(P-F)*x/X;//in Rs. +disp(D,"Depreciation for year 3 in Rs. : "); \ No newline at end of file -- cgit