From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: priyanka
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530
Subject: initial commit / add all books
---
1655/CH2/EX2.10.1/Example_2_10_1.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.10.2/Example_2_10_2.sce | 20 ++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.10.3/Example_2_10_3.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.10.4/Example_2_10_4.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.13.1/Example_2_13_1.sce | 9 +++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.13.2/Example_2_13_2.sce | 14 ++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.16.1/Example_2_16_1.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example_2_3_1.sce | 13 +++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.3.2/Example_2_3_2.sce | 11 +++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.4.1/Example_2_4_1.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.4.2/Example_2_4_2.sce | 10 ++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.4.3/Example_2_4_3.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.4.4/Example_2_4_4.sce | 9 +++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.4.5/Example_2_4_5.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.5.1/Example_2_5_1.sce | 12 ++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.1/Example_2_7_1.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.10/Example_2_7_10.sce | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.11/Example_2_7_11.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.12/Example_2_7_12.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.13/Example_2_7_13.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.14/Example_2_7_14.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.15/Example_2_7_15.sce | 26 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.16/Example_2_7_16.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.17/Example_2_7_17.sce | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.18/Example_2_7_18.sce | 18 ++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.2/Example_2_7_2.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.3/Example_2_7_3.sce | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.4/Example_2_7_4.sce | 17 +++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.5/Example_2_7_5.sce | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.6/Example_2_7_6.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.7/Example_2_7_7.sce | 15 +++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.8/Example_2_7_8.sce | 16 ++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX2.7.9/Example_2_7_9.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++++++
1655/CH2/EX4.q/Question_4.sce | 9 +++++++++
1655/CH2/EX5.q/Question_5.sce | 12 ++++++++++++
35 files changed, 616 insertions(+)
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.10.1/Example_2_10_1.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.10.2/Example_2_10_2.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.10.3/Example_2_10_3.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.10.4/Example_2_10_4.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.13.1/Example_2_13_1.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.13.2/Example_2_13_2.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.16.1/Example_2_16_1.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example_2_3_1.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.3.2/Example_2_3_2.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.4.1/Example_2_4_1.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.4.2/Example_2_4_2.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.4.3/Example_2_4_3.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.4.4/Example_2_4_4.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.4.5/Example_2_4_5.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.5.1/Example_2_5_1.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.1/Example_2_7_1.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.10/Example_2_7_10.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.11/Example_2_7_11.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.12/Example_2_7_12.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.13/Example_2_7_13.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.14/Example_2_7_14.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.15/Example_2_7_15.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.16/Example_2_7_16.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.17/Example_2_7_17.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.18/Example_2_7_18.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.2/Example_2_7_2.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.3/Example_2_7_3.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.4/Example_2_7_4.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.5/Example_2_7_5.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.6/Example_2_7_6.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.7/Example_2_7_7.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.8/Example_2_7_8.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX2.7.9/Example_2_7_9.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX4.q/Question_4.sce
create mode 100755 1655/CH2/EX5.q/Question_5.sce
(limited to '1655/CH2')
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.10.1/Example_2_10_1.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.10.1/Example_2_10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b6d55324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.10.1/Example_2_10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Example 2.10.1 page 2.39
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+a=4.5d-6; //core diameter
+delta=0.25/100; //relative index difference
+lamda=0.85d-6; //operating wavelength
+n1=1.46; //core refractive index
+
+v= 2*%pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405; //computing cut off wavelength
+lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10^9;
+printf("\nCut off wavelength is %.d nanometer.",lamda_cut_off);
+
+printf("\n\nWhen delta is 1.25 percent-");
+delta=1.25/100;
+v= 2*%pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405; //computing cut off wavelength
+lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10^7;
+lamda_cut_off=round(lamda_cut_off);
+lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*100;
+printf("\nCut off wavelength is %.d nanometer.",lamda_cut_off);
+
+//answer in the book for cut off wavelength in the book is given as 1214nm, deviation of 1nm.
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.10.2/Example_2_10_2.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.10.2/Example_2_10_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2dcb98646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.10.2/Example_2_10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Example 2.10.2 page 2.40
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+a=50d-6; //core radius
+lamda=1500d-9; //operating wavelength
+n1=2.53; //core refractive index
+n2=1.5; //cladding refractive index
+
+delta=(n1-n2)/n1; //computing delta
+v= 2*3.14*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+M=(v)^2/2; //computing guided modes
+printf("\nNormalized Frequency is %.1f\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d",v,M);
+printf("\nNOTE - Calculation error in book. \n Normalized frequency is 477, it is calculated as 47.66");
+
+//Calculation error in book. Normalized frequency is 477, it is calculated as 47.66, hence answers after that are erroneous.
+//answers in the book
+//normalized frequency = 48.(incorrect)
+//guided modes = 1152.(incorrect)
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.10.3/Example_2_10_3.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.10.3/Example_2_10_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95fff46ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.10.3/Example_2_10_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Example 2.10.3 page 2.41
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+core_diameter=8d-6; //core diameter
+delta=0.92/100; //relative index difference
+lamda=1550d-9; //operating wavelength
+n1=1.45; //core refractive index
+
+a=core_diameter/2; //computing core radius
+v= 2*%pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+M=(v)^2/2; //computing guided modes
+printf("\nNormalized Frequency is %.1f.\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.",v,M);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.10.4/Example_2_10_4.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.10.4/Example_2_10_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8298b2c64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.10.4/Example_2_10_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Example 2.10.4 page 2.41
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+delta=1/100; //relative index difference
+n1=1.5; //core refractive index
+c=3d8;
+L=6;
+
+n2=sqrt(n1^2-2*delta*n1^2); //computing refractive index of cladding
+delta_T=L*n1^2*delta/(c*n2); //computing pulse broadning
+delta_T=delta_T*10^11;
+delta_T=round(delta_T);
+printf("\nDelay difference between slowest and fastest mode is %d ns/km.",delta_T);
+printf("\nThis means that a pulse broadnes by %d ns after travel time a distance of %d km.",delta_T,L);
+
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.13.1/Example_2_13_1.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.13.1/Example_2_13_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..42e8c9ed7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.13.1/Example_2_13_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Example 2.13.1 page 2.54
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+L_BL=8d-2; //beat length
+
+Br=2*3.14/L_BL; //computing modal briefringence
+printf("\nModal briefringence is %.1f per meter.",Br);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.13.2/Example_2_13_2.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.13.2/Example_2_13_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c551ba0e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.13.2/Example_2_13_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Example 2.13.2 page 2.57
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+Pin=500d-6; //input power
+L=200; //length of fiber
+loss=2; //loss associated with fiber
+
+Pin_dbm=10 * log10 (Pin/(10^-3)); //computing input power in dBm
+Pin_dbm=round(Pin_dbm);
+Pout_dbm=Pin_dbm-L*loss; //computing output power level
+Pout= 10^(Pout_dbm/10);
+printf("Output power is %.2e mW.",Pout);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.16.1/Example_2_16_1.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.16.1/Example_2_16_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f86c34a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.16.1/Example_2_16_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Example 2.16.1 page 2.67
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.48; //core refractive index
+n2=1.46; //cladding refractive index
+
+phi = asind(n2/n1); //computing critical angle
+NA = sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); //computing numericla aperture
+theta= asind(NA); //computing acceptance angle
+printf("\nCritical angle is %.2f degrees.\nNumerical aperture is %.3f.\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degree.",phi,NA,theta);
+
+//answers in the book
+//Critical angle is 80.56 degrees, deviation of 0.01.
+//Numerical aperture is 0.244, deviation of 0.002.
+//Acceptance angle is 14.17 degree, deviation of 0.14.
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example_2_3_1.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example_2_3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..66312637d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.3.1/Example_2_3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Example 2.3.1 page 2.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+delta = 1/100; // Relative refractive difference index
+n1=1.46; // Core refractive index (assumption)
+
+NA= n1*sqrt(2*delta); //computing numerical aperture
+theta = 1 - delta;
+Critical_angle = asind(theta); //computing critical angle
+
+printf("\nNumerical aperture is %.2f.\nCritical angle is %.1f degree.",NA,Critical_angle);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.3.2/Example_2_3_2.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.3.2/Example_2_3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23cf7d4a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.3.2/Example_2_3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Example 2.3.2 page 2.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+delta = 1/100; // Relative refractive difference index
+n1=1.47; // Core refractive index
+
+NA= n1*sqrt(2*delta); //computing numerical aperture
+
+printf("\nNumerical aperture is %.1f.",NA)
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.4.1/Example_2_4_1.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.1/Example_2_4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e541c9bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.1/Example_2_4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Example 2.4.1 page 2.11
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.49; //core refractive index
+n2=1.45; //cladding refractive index
+
+phi = asind(n2/n1); //computing critical angle
+NA = sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); //computing numericla aperture
+theta= asind(NA); //computing acceptance angle
+
+printf("\nCritical angle is %.2f degrees.\nNumerical aperture is %.3f.\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degree.",phi,NA,theta);
+
+//answer in the book for Numerical aperture is 0.343, deviation of 0.003
+//answer in the book for Acceptance angle is 20.24, deviation of 0.18
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.4.2/Example_2_4_2.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.2/Example_2_4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dbb4cf985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.2/Example_2_4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Example 2.4.2 page 2.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+delta = 1/100; // Relative refractive difference index
+n1=1.47; // Core refractive index
+
+NA= n1*sqrt(2*delta); //computing numerical aperture
+printf("\nNumerical aperture is %.1f.",NA)
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.4.3/Example_2_4_3.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.3/Example_2_4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e9e17970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.3/Example_2_4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Example 2.4.3 page 2.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+delta = 1.2/100; // Relative refractive difference index
+n1=1.45; // Core refractive index
+
+NA= n1*sqrt(2*delta); //computing numerical aperture
+Acceptance_angle = asind(NA); //computing acceptance angle
+si = %pi * NA^2; //computing solid acceptance angle
+
+printf("\nNumerical aperture is %.3f.\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degree.\nSolid acceptance angle is %.3f radians.",NA,Acceptance_angle,si);
+
+//answer in the book for Numerical aperture is 0.224, deviation of 0.001
+//answer in the book for solid acceptance angle is 0.157, deviation of 0.002
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.4.4/Example_2_4_4.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.4/Example_2_4_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b3c464150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.4/Example_2_4_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Example 2.4.4 page 2.13
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA = 0.45; // Numerical Aperture
+
+Acceptance_angle = asind(NA); //computing acceptance angle.
+printf("\nAcceptance angle is %.1f degree.",Acceptance_angle);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.4.5/Example_2_4_5.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.5/Example_2_4_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cd9c41df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.4.5/Example_2_4_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Example 2.4.5 page 2.13
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+diameter = 1; //Diameter in centimeter
+Focal_length = 10; //Focal length in centimeter
+
+radius=diameter/2; //computing radius
+Acceptance_angle = atand(radius/Focal_length); //computing acceptance angle
+Conical_full_angle = 2*Acceptance_angle; //computing conical angle
+Solid_acceptance_angle = %pi*Acceptance_angle^2; //computing solid acceptance angle
+NA = sqrt(Solid_acceptance_angle/%pi); //computing Numerical aperture
+
+printf("\nNumerical aperture is %.2f.\nConical full angle is %.2f degree.",NA,Conical_full_angle);
+
+
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.5.1/Example_2_5_1.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.5.1/Example_2_5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37160c0bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.5.1/Example_2_5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Example 2.5.1 page 2.17
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA = 0.45 //Numerical aperture
+betaB = 45 // Skew ray change direction by 90 degree at each reflection
+
+Meridional_theta = asind(NA); //computing acceptacne angle for meridoinal ray
+Skew_theta = asind(NA/cosd(betaB)); //computing acceptacne angle for skew ray
+
+printf("\nAcceptacne angle for Meridoinal ray is %.2f degree.\nAcceptance angle for Skew ray %.1f degree.",Meridional_theta,Skew_theta);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.1/Example_2_7_1.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.1/Example_2_7_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0fdba20f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.1/Example_2_7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Example 2.7.1 page 2.23
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+core_diameter=78d-6; //core diameter
+delta=1.4/100; //relative index difference
+lamda=0.8d-6; //operating wavelength
+n1=1.47; //core refractive index
+
+a=core_diameter/2; //computing core radius
+v= 2*3.14*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+M=(v)^2/2; //computing guided modes
+
+printf("\nNormalized Frequency is %.3f.\nTotal number of guided modes are %.1f",v,M);
+printf("\nNOTE - Calculation error, answer in the book for normalized frequency is given as 75.156 which should be 75.306.");
+
+//answer in the book for normalized frequency is given as 75.156(incorrect) and for Guided modes is 5648.5(incorrect)
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.10/Example_2_7_10.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.10/Example_2_7_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4bcb4011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.10/Example_2_7_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Example 2.7.10 page 2.29
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.48; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.46; //refractive index of cladding
+lamda1=1320d-9; //Wavelength
+lamda2=1550d-9; //Wavelength
+a=25d-6; //radius of core
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); //computing Numerical aperture
+v1=2*%pi*a*NA/lamda1; //computing normalized frequency
+v1=round(v1);
+M1=v1^2/2; //computing number of guided modes
+M1=round(M1);
+v2=2*%pi*a*NA/lamda2;
+M2=v2^2/2;
+M2=round(M2);
+lamda1=lamda1*10^9;
+lamda2=lamda2*10^9;
+
+printf("\nfor %d nm, normalized frequency = %d, Guided modes = %d.",lamda1,v1,M1);
+printf("\nfor %d nm, normalized frequency = %.2f, Guided modes = %d.",lamda2,v2,M2);
+
+//answer in the book,
+//for 1550 nm, normalized frequency = 24.69(deviation of 0.08), Guided modes = 305(deviation of 3)
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.11/Example_2_7_11.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.11/Example_2_7_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3ff611c7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.11/Example_2_7_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Example 2.7.11 page 2.29
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+n1=1.5; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.38; //refractive index of cladding
+lamda=1300d-9; //Wavelength
+a=25d-6; //core radius
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); //computing Numerical aperture
+theta= asind(NA); //computing acceptance angle
+solid_angle=%pi*(NA)^2; //computing solid angle
+v= 2*%pi*a*NA/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+M=(v)^2/2; //computing guided modes
+M=round(M);
+printf("\nNumerical aperture is %.2f.\nNormalized frequency is %.2f.\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degrees.\nSolid angle is %.3f radians.\nTotal number of modes are %d.",NA,v,theta,solid_angle,M);
+printf("\n\n NOTE - Calculation error in the book.\n(2.25-1.9)^0.5=0.59; they have taken 0.35");
+
+
+//Calculation error in the book.(2.25-1.9)^0.5=0.59; they have taken 0.35
+//answers in the book,
+//Numerical aperture is 0.35.(incorrect)
+//Normalized frequency is 42.26.(incorrect)
+//Acceptance angle is 20.48 degrees.(incorrect)
+//Solid angle is 0.384 radians.(incorrect)
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.12/Example_2_7_12.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.12/Example_2_7_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..158bf138c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.12/Example_2_7_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Example 2.7.12 page 2.30
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.48; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.478; //refractive index of cladding
+lamda=820d-9; //Wavelength
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); //computing Numerical aperture
+theta= asind(NA); //computing acceptance angle
+solid_angle=%pi*(NA)^2; //computing solid angle
+
+printf("\nNumerical aperture is %.3f.\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degrees.\nSolid angle is %.4f radians.",NA,theta,solid_angle);
+
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.13/Example_2_7_13.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.13/Example_2_7_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f298f9d94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.13/Example_2_7_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+// Example 2.7.13 page 2.31
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.447; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.442; //refractive index of cladding
+lamda=1.3d-6; //Wavelength
+a=3.6d-6; //core radius
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); //computing Numerical aperture
+v= 2*%pi*a*NA/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+
+printf("As normalized frequency is %.2f which is less than 2.405, this fiber will permit single mode transmission",v);
+
+lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405
+lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10^9
+printf("\n\nSingle mode operation will occur above this cut off wavelength of %.2f nm",lamda_cut_off);
+printf("\n\n NOTE - Calculation error in the book.\n(1.447^2 - 1.442^2)^0.5=0.121; they have taken 0.141\nHence calculations after that are incorrect in the book");
+
+//Calculation error in the book.(1.447^2 - 1.442^2)^0.5=0.121; they have taken 0.141.Hence calculations after that are incorrect in the book.
+//They have taken radius as 2.6d-6, whereas in question it is given 3.6d-6.
+//answers in the book
+//Normalized frequency is 1.77.(incorrect)
+//cut off wavelength 956nm.(incorrect)
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.14/Example_2_7_14.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.14/Example_2_7_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..10f21d3a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.14/Example_2_7_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Example 2.7.14 page 2.34
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA=0.2; //Numericla aperture
+d=50d-6; //Diameter of core
+lamda=1d-6; //Wavelength
+
+a=d/2; //computing radius
+v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+Mg=v^2/4; //computing mode volume for parabollic profile
+Mg=round(Mg);
+printf("\nNormalized Frequency is %.1f.\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.",v,Mg);
+
+//answer in the book for guided modes is 247, deviation of 1.
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.15/Example_2_7_15.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.15/Example_2_7_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..90fa3712f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.15/Example_2_7_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Example 2.7.15 page 2.34
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+delta=0.015; //relative refractive index
+n1=1.48; //core refractive index
+lamda=0.85d-6; //wavelength
+
+a=(2.4*lamda)/(2*3.14*n1*sqrt(2*delta)); //computing radius of core
+d=2*a; //computing diameter of core
+a=a*10^7;
+a=round(a);
+a=a/10
+d=d*10^6;
+printf("\nCore radius is %.1f micrometer.\nCore diameter is %.1f micrometer.",a,2*a);
+
+printf("\n\nWhen delta is reduced by 10 percent-");
+delta=0.0015;
+a=(2.4*lamda)/(2*3.14*n1*sqrt(2*delta)); //computing radius of core
+d=2*a; //computing diameter of core
+a=a*10^7;
+a=round(a);
+a=a/10
+d=d*10^6;
+printf("\nCore radius is %.1f micrometer.\nCore diameter is %.1f micrometer.",a,2*a);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.16/Example_2_7_16.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.16/Example_2_7_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9816ca833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.16/Example_2_7_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Example 2.7.16 page 2.35
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA=0.25; //Numericla aperture
+d=45d-6; //Diameter of core
+lamda=1.5d-6; //Wavelength
+
+a=d/2; //computing radius
+v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+Mg=v^2/4; //computing mode volume for parabollic profile
+Mg=round(Mg);
+printf("\nNormalized Frequency is %.1f.\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.",v,Mg);
+
+//answer in the book for normalized frequency is 23.55, deviation 0.05
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.17/Example_2_7_17.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.17/Example_2_7_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46c2a4c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.17/Example_2_7_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Example 2.7.17 page 2.35
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA=0.25; //Numericla aperture
+d=45d-6; //Diameter of core
+lamda=1.2d-6; //Wavelength
+
+a=d/2; //computing radius
+v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+Mg=v^2/4; //computing mode volume for parabollic profile
+Mg=round(Mg);
+printf("\nNormalized Frequency is %.1f.\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.",v,Mg);
+printf("\n\nNOTE - In the question NA is given 0.22. However while solving it is taken as 0.25");
+
+// answer in the book for number of guided modes is given as 216, deviation of 1.
+
+printf("\nHence solving for NA = 0.22 also,");
+printf("\n\nWhen NA=0.22");
+
+NA=0.22; //Numericla aperture
+d=45d-6; //Diameter of core
+lamda=1.2d-6; //Wavelength
+
+a=d/2; //computing radius
+v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+Mg=v^2/4; //computing mode volume for parabollic profile
+Mg=round(Mg);
+printf("\nNormalized Frequency is %.1f.\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.",v,Mg);
+
+
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.18/Example_2_7_18.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.18/Example_2_7_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c6e72ca34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.18/Example_2_7_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Example 2.7.18 page 2.36
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.54; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.5; //refractive index of cladding
+a=25d-6; //Radius of core
+lamda=1.3d-6; //Wavelength
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2);
+v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+v=round(v);
+Mg=v^2/4; //computing mode volume for parabollic profile
+Mg=round(Mg);
+lamda_cut_off=v*lamda/2.405; //computing cut off wavelength
+lamda_cut_off=lamda_cut_off*10^6;
+printf("\nNormalized Frequency is %.d.\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.\nCut off wavelength is %.1f micrometer.",v,Mg,lamda_cut_off);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.2/Example_2_7_2.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.2/Example_2_7_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..121be3a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.2/Example_2_7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Example 2.7.2 page 2.24
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.47 //refractive index of core
+a=4.3d-6; //radius of core
+delta=0.2/100 //relative index difference
+
+lamda= 2*3.14*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/2.405; //computing wavelength
+lamda=lamda*10^9;
+printf("Wavelength of fiber is %d nm.",lamda);
+printf("\n\nNote:Calculation error, answer given in the book (1230nm) is incorrect.");
+
+//answer in the book is given as 1230nm which is incorrect.
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.3/Example_2_7_3.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.3/Example_2_7_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..74df7e98a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.3/Example_2_7_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Example 2.7.3 page 2.24
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.482; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.474; //refractive index of cladding
+lamda=820d-9; //Wavelength
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2 - n2^2); //computing Numerical aperture
+theta= asind(NA); //computing acceptance angle
+solid_angle=%pi*(NA)^2; //computing solid angle
+a=2.405*lamda/(2*3.14*NA); //computing core radius
+a=a*10^6;
+
+printf("\nNumerical aperture is %.3f.\nAcceptance angle is %.1f degrees.\nSolid angle is %.3f radians.\nCore radius is %.2f micrometer.",NA,theta,solid_angle,a);
+
+//answer in the book for Numerical aperture is 0.155, deviation of 0.001.
+//answer in the book for acceptance angle is 8.9, deviation of 0.1.
+//answer in the book for solid acceptance angle is 0.075, deviation of 0.001.
+//answer in the book for core radius is 2.02 micrometer, deviation of 0.02 micrometer.
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.4/Example_2_7_4.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.4/Example_2_7_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0efa78ab6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.4/Example_2_7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Example 2.7.4 page 2.25
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+NA=0.16 //Numerical aperture
+n1=1.45 //core refractive index
+d=60d-6 //core diameter
+lamda=0.82d-6 //wavelength
+
+a=d/2; //core radius
+v=2*3.14*a*NA/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+v=round(v);
+M=v^2/2; //computing guided modes
+M=floor(M);
+
+printf("if normalized frequency is taken as %d, then %d guided modes.",v,M);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.5/Example_2_7_5.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.5/Example_2_7_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..042e5e9e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.5/Example_2_7_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Example 2.7.5 page 2.26
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.48; //core refractive index
+n2=1.46; //cladding refractive index
+a=25d-6; //core radius
+lamda0=850d-9;
+lamda1=1320d-9;
+lamda2=1550d-9;
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); //computing numerical aperture
+v0=2*%pi*a*NA/lamda0; //computing normalized frequency
+M0=v0^2/2; //computing guided modes
+M0=floor(M0);
+v1=2*%pi*a*NA/lamda1;
+M1=v1^2/2;
+M1=floor(M1);
+v2=2*%pi*a*NA/lamda2;
+M2=v2^2/2;
+M2=floor(M2);
+lamda0=lamda0*10^9;
+lamda1=lamda1*10^9;
+lamda2=lamda2*10^9;
+printf("\nfor %d nm, normalized frequency = %.2f, Guided modes = %d.",lamda0,v0,M0);
+printf("\nfor %d nm, normalized frequency = %.2f, Guided modes = %d.",lamda1,v1,M1);
+printf("\nfor %d nm, normalized frequency = %.2f, Guided modes = %d.",lamda2,v2,M2);
+
+//answers in the book (sligt deviations in each)
+//for 850 nm, normalized frequency = 45, Guided modes = 1012
+//for 1320 nm, normalized frequency = 28.91, Guided modes = 419
+//for 1550 nm, normalized frequency = 24.67, Guided modes = 304
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.6/Example_2_7_6.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.6/Example_2_7_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..421525995
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.6/Example_2_7_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Example 2.7.6 page 2.27
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+delta=1/100; //relative refractive index
+n1=1.3; //core refractive index
+lamda=1100d-9; //wavelength
+
+a=(2.4*lamda)/(2*3.14*n1*sqrt(2*delta)); //computing radius of core
+d=2*a; //computing diameter of core
+a=a*10^6;
+d=d*10^6;
+printf("\nCore radius is %.1f micrometer\nCore diameter is %.1f micrometer",a,d);
+printf("\nNOTE - In the book they have asked diameter of core. However, they have calculated only radius.");
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.7/Example_2_7_7.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.7/Example_2_7_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..27632a788
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.7/Example_2_7_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Example 2.7.7 page 2.27
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+n1=1.48; //refractive index of core
+n2=1.46; //refractive index of cladding
+
+NA=sqrt(n1^2-n2^2); //computing Numerical aperture
+theta=asind(NA); //computing acceptance angle
+
+printf("\nNumerical aperture is %.3f.\nAcceptance angle is %.2f degrees.",NA,theta);
+
+//answer in the book for Numerical aperture is 0.244, deviation of 0.002.
+//answer in the book for Acceptance angle is 14.12, deviation of 0.09.
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.8/Example_2_7_8.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.8/Example_2_7_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..64cf4e386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.8/Example_2_7_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Example 2.7.8 page 2.28
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+core_diameter=80d-6; //core diameter
+delta=1.5/100; //relative index difference
+lamda=0.85d-6; //operating wavelength
+n1=1.48; //core refractive index
+
+a=core_diameter/2; //computing core radius
+v= 2*%pi*a*n1*sqrt(2*delta)/lamda; //computing normalized frequency
+M=(v)^2/2; //computing guided modes
+printf("\nNormalized Frequency is %.1f.\nTotal number of guided modes are %.d.",v,M);
+
+//answer in the book for Guided modes is 2873, deviation of 1.
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX2.7.9/Example_2_7_9.sce b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.9/Example_2_7_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..06d032e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX2.7.9/Example_2_7_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Example 2.7.9 page 2.28
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+delta=1/100; //relative refractive index
+n1=1.5; //refractive index of core
+M=1100; //Guided modes
+lamda=1.3d-6; //wavelength
+
+v=sqrt(2*M); //computing normalized frequecy
+a=(v*lamda)/(2*3.14*n1*sqrt(2*delta)); //computing radius of core
+d=a*2;
+a=a*10^6;
+d=d*10^6;
+
+printf("\nNormalize frequency is %.1f.\nCore radius is %.2f micrometer.\nCore diameter is %.1f micrometer.",v,a,d);
+printf("\nCalculation error in the book while calculating radius and diameter.");
+
+//calculation error in the book.
+//answers in the book -
+//Core radius is 46.18 micrometer.(incorrect)
+//Core diameter is 92.3 micrometer.(incorrect)
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX4.q/Question_4.sce b/1655/CH2/EX4.q/Question_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..04401b90e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX4.q/Question_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Question 4 page 2.75
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+L_BL=8d-2; //beat length
+
+Br=2*3.14/L_BL; //computing modal briefringence
+printf("\nModal briefringence is %.1f per meter.",Br);
diff --git a/1655/CH2/EX5.q/Question_5.sce b/1655/CH2/EX5.q/Question_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..14bb2456b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1655/CH2/EX5.q/Question_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Question 5 page 2.76
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+L_BL=0.6d-3; //beat length
+lamda=1.4d-6; //wavelength
+L_BL1=70;
+Bh=lamda/L_BL; //computing high briefringence
+Bl=lamda/L_BL1; //computing low briefringence
+
+printf("\nHigh briefringence is %.2e.\nLow briefringence is %.1e.",Bh,Bl);
--
cgit