From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: priyanka
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530
Subject: initial commit / add all books

---
 1445/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce   | 31 ++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce | 35 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce | 38 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce | 50 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce | 31 ++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce | 31 ++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce | 54 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce | 66 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce | 28 ++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce   | 25 +++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce | 21 ++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce | 33 +++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce | 25 +++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce | 26 +++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce | 64 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce   | 21 ++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce | 27 ++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce | 34 ++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce | 21 ++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce | 22 +++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce | 43 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce | 61 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce   | 39 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.50/Ex2_50.sce | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.51/Ex2_51.sce | 30 +++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.52/Ex2_52.sce | 77 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.53/Ex2_53.sce | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.54/Ex2_54.sce | 33 +++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce   | 29 +++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce   | 24 ++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce   | 31 ++++++++++++++++++
 1445/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce   | 26 +++++++++++++++
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 create mode 100644 1445/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
 create mode 100644 1445/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce

(limited to '1445/CH2')

diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e008ab00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.1/Ex2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 1
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 1");
+
+//Find the Form Factor of the half-wave rectified sine wave as shown in Fig 2.20
+//Peak value of voltage is Vm
+//Period is 2pi
+//v=Vm sinwt  for 0<wt<pi
+//v=0         for pi<wt<2pi
+
+//SOLUTION
+
+//average value Vav by integrating v over 0 to pi and pi to 2pi and dividing by 2pi
+//assume Vm=1, as value not given
+//The second term of integration not computed as v=0 on the range pi to 2pi
+v_av=(integrate('sin(x)','x',0,%pi))/(2*%pi);
+
+//rms value 
+//assume Vm=1, as value not given
+v_rms=(integrate('sin(x)^2','x',0,%pi))/(2*%pi);
+v_rms=sqrt(v_rms);
+
+ff=v_rms/v_av;
+//truncate the answer to 3 digits while displaying: 
+disp(sprintf("The form factor is %4.3f",ff));//The answer in the textbook is wrongly shown as 1.572
+
+//END
+
+  
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4136861e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.10/Ex2_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 10
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 10");
+
+//Equations
+//If z1, z2 || then net impedance is Z=z1.z2/(z1+z2)
+//V=IZ
+//Power drawn is = V.I. cos (phi)
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+v=230;                           //in Volts
+z1=3+(%i*4);                     //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms
+z2=6+(%i*8);                     //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms
+
+//SOLUTION
+function [z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+z=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));             //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);       //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+
+[z1,angle1]=rect2pol(3,4);
+[z2,angle2]=rect2pol(6,8);
+
+z=(z1*z2)/(z1+z2); 
+I=v/z;
+angle=-angle1;                   //as angle1=angle2
+//
+disp(sprintf("The current drawn from the circuit is %2.0f Amp",I));
+disp(sprintf("The net current lags net voltage by %4.2f and ckt is inductive in nature",-angle));
+p=v*I*cos(angle*%pi/180);        //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+disp(sprintf("The power drawn from the source is %5.3f kW",p/1000));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba0618572
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.11/Ex2_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 11
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 11");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+vdc=100;                      //DC voltage in Volts
+vac=100;                      //AC voltage in Volts
+f=50;                         //in Hertz
+Idc=10;                       //dc current in Amperes
+Iac=5;                        //ac current in Amperes
+
+// coil means a unit of resistence and inductance both
+//Impedence Z=R+jXl
+//when DC supply is connected to coil, it behaves like a short circuit
+//Xl=2.pi.f.L
+//since f=0 in DC, Xl=0 ohms
+//Therefore, R=Vdc/I
+
+//Equation to be used
+//Z^2=R^2+Xl^2
+
+//SOLUTION
+r=vdc/Idc;		//resistance of the coil in dc circuit
+z=vac/Iac;		//impedance of the coil in Ac supply
+xl=sqrt((z^2)-(r^2));	// inductive reactance of coil
+L=xl/(2*%pi*f);		//inductance of the coil 
+pf=r/z;			// power factor pf=R/Z
+//
+disp(sprintf("The inductive reactance of the coil is %5.2f Ohm",xl));
+disp(sprintf("The inductance of the coil is %4.2f H",L));//text book answer is 0.05 H
+disp(sprintf("The power factor of the coil is %3.1f (lagging)",pf));
+
+//END
+
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d6d5143c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.13/Ex2_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 13
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 13");
+
+//given
+//load of impedance 1+j.1 ohm connected AC Voltage
+//AC Voltage represented by V=20.sqrt(2).cos(wt+10) volt
+
+//to find
+//current in form of i=Im.sin(wt+phi) A
+// real power 
+
+//Equations to be used
+//real Power pr=Vrms.Irms.cos (phi)
+//             =(Vm/sqrt(2)).(Im/sqrt(2)).cos(phi)
+// apparent power pa=Vrms.Irms
+//		    =(Vm/sqrt(2)).(Im/sqrt(2))
+//
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+z1=1+(%i*1);                    //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms
+v=20*sqrt(2);                   //amplitude of rms value of voltage in Volts
+
+//SOLUTION
+function [z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+z=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));            //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);      //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+
+//solution (i)
+[z,angle]=rect2pol(1,1); 
+v=v/sqrt(2);
+angle_v=100;                    //v=(20/sqrt(2))*sin(ωt+100)
+I=v/z;                          //RMS value of current
+angle_I=angle_v-angle;
+Im=I*sqrt(2);
+disp(sprintf("(i) The current in load is i = %d sin(ωt+%d) A",Im,angle_I));
+
+//solution (ii)
+pr=(v/sqrt(2))*(I*sqrt(2))*cos(angle*(%pi/180));
+disp(sprintf("(ii) The real power is %4.0f W",pr));
+
+//solution (iii)
+pa=(v/sqrt(2))*(I*sqrt(2));
+disp(sprintf("(ii) The apparent power is %6.2f VAR",pa));
+
+//END
+
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2a46b86fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.14/Ex2_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 14
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 14");
+
+//given
+//EMF e=100.sin(314.t-pi/4) V
+//current i=20.sin (314.t-1.5808) Amp
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+v=100;                         //amplitude of rms value of voltage in Volts
+I=20;                          //amplitude of rms value of current in Amperes 
+
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution(i)
+w=314;                         //angular frequency in radian/sec, given w.t=314.t
+f=w/(2*%pi);                   //as w=2*(%pi)*f
+f=ceil(f);            
+disp(sprintf("(i) The frequency is %d Hz",f));
+
+//solution (ii)
+E=v/sqrt(2);
+angle_E=-45;                   //in degrees, given in emf equation
+I=I/sqrt(2);                   
+angle_I=-(1.5808*180/%pi);   //converting the given angle value in current equation
+                              // to degrees
+                              //text book assumes it to be 90 degrees
+                              // actually the value comes to 90.573168
+z=E/I;
+angle=angle_E-angle_I;
+disp(sprintf("(ii) The impedance is %d Ω, %d degrees",z,angle));// text book answer is 45 deg
+                                                                // the value comes to 45.573168 deg
+                                                                // hence shall use floor() to round
+//
+//Equation
+//Z=R+j.Xl
+//Z=Z.cos (phi)+j.Zsin(phi)
+
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle1);
+x=mag*cos(angle1*(%pi/180));   //to convert the angle from degrees to radian
+y=mag*sin(angle1*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+//round the angle value first using floor
+angle=floor(angle);
+//disp(sprintf(" The angle is %f Degree",angle)); //testing value of angle
+[r,x]=pol2rect(z,angle);
+L=x/(2*%pi*f);
+//
+disp(sprintf(" The resistance is %f Ohm",r));//text book uses format as 5/sqrt(2)
+disp(sprintf(" The reactance is %f  Ohm",x));//text book uses format as 5/sqrt(2)
+disp(sprintf(" The inductance is %6.5f H",L));//text book answer is 0.01126 H
+
+//END
+
+ 
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4a6ab9086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.15/Ex2_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 15
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 15");
+
+//GIVEN
+//choke coil takes current of 2 Amp 60 deg lagging
+//Applied voltage 200 V 50Hz
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+I=2;                          //in Amperes
+angle_I=60;                   //in degrees
+v1=200;                       //in Volts
+f=50;                        //in Hertz
+
+//SOLUTION (i)
+z1=v1/I;               
+disp(sprintf("The impedance is %d Ω, %d degrees",z1,angle_I));
+//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180));   //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[r,x1]=pol2rect(z1,angle_I);
+disp(sprintf("The resistance is %d Ω",r));
+L=x1/(2*%pi*f);
+disp(sprintf("The inductance is %5.3f H",L));
+
+//SOLUTION (ii)
+//Choke is now connected to 100 V 25 hz power supply
+//Howevetr, R and L of the choke will remain the same
+//Reactance will change
+v2=100;             // in volts
+f2=25;              // in Hz
+x2=2*%pi*f2*L;		// inductive reactance in the new system
+z2=sqrt((r^2)+(x2^2));	// impedance in the new system 
+angle=atan(x2/r); 
+I1=v2/z2;		// current in the new system
+p=v2*I1*cos(-angle);	//power consumed
+//
+//disp(sprintf("The angle is %5.4f  ",angle));// text book value is assumed 0.75
+disp(sprintf("The power consumed is %5.1f W",p));
+
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1de5edbc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.16/Ex2_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 16
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 16");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+r1=5;                          //in Ohms
+r2=10;                         //in Ohms
+L1=0.04;                       //in Henry
+L2=0.05;                       //in Henry
+v=200;                         //in Volts
+f=50;                          //in Hertz
+
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution (i)
+xl1=L1*(2*%pi*f);
+xl2=L2*(2*%pi*f);
+z1=r1+(%i*xl1);
+z2=r2+(%i*xl2);
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+z=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));           //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);     //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[z1,angle1]=rect2pol(r1,xl1);
+[z2,angle2]=rect2pol(r2,xl2);
+Y1=1/z1;                       //admittance
+Y2=1/z2;
+//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180));    //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[G1,B1]=pol2rect(Y1,angle1);
+[G2,B2]=pol2rect(Y2,angle2);
+disp("......................................");
+disp("SOLUTION (i)");
+disp(sprintf("Conductance of 1st coil is %5.3f S",G1));
+disp(sprintf("Conductance of 2nd coil is %5.3f S",G2));
+disp(" ");
+disp(sprintf("Susceptance of 1st coil is %5.3f S",B1));
+disp(sprintf("Susceptance of 2nd coil is %5.3f S",B2));
+disp(" ");
+disp(sprintf("Admittance of 1st coil is %5.3f S",Y1));
+disp(sprintf("Admittance of 2nd coil is %5.3f S",Y2));
+disp("......................................");
+
+//solution (ii)
+G=G1+G2;
+B=B1+B2;
+[Y,angle]=rect2pol(G,B); 
+I=v*Y;
+pf=cos((angle)*(%pi/180));
+disp("SOLUTION (ii)");
+disp(sprintf("Total current drawn by the circuit is %5.3f A, %.2f degrees",I,-angle));
+disp(sprintf("Power factor of the circuit is %5.3f (lagging)",pf));
+disp("......................................");
+
+//solution (iii)
+p=v*I*pf;
+disp("SOLUTION (iii)");
+disp(sprintf("Power absorbed by the circuit is %5.3f kW",p/1000));// text book answer is 2.256 kW
+disp("......................................");
+
+//solution (iv)
+z=v/I;
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180));    //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[r,x]=pol2rect(z,angle);
+L=x/(2*%pi*f);
+disp("SOLUTION (iv)");
+disp(sprintf("Resitance of single coil is %5.3f Ω",r));//
+disp(sprintf("Inductance of single coil is %5.3f H",L));//inductance not worked out i the etx book
+disp("......................................");
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9b4c7c29e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.17/Ex2_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 17
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 17");
+
+
+//Given
+//AC Voltage e(t)=141.4.sin (120.t) 
+//Current in the circuit is
+//i(t)=14.14.sin (120.t+7.07.cos (120.t+30)
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+e=141.4;                             //in Volts
+E=141.4/sqrt(2);                     //in Volts
+angle_E=0;                           //in degrees
+//i(t)=(14.14<0)+(7.07<120)
+i1=14.14;                            //in Amperes         
+angle_i1=0;                          //in degrees
+i2=7.07;                             //in Amperes
+angle_i2=120;                        //in degrees
+
+//SOLUTION
+//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180));          //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[i1_x,i1_y]=pol2rect(i1,angle_i1);
+[i2_x,i2_y]=pol2rect(i2,angle_i2);
+i=(i1_x+i2_x)+(%i*(i1_y+i2_y));
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+mag=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));         
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);           //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[I,angle_I]=rect2pol((i1_x+i2_x),(i1_y+i2_y));
+I=I/sqrt(2);
+
+//solution (i)
+z=E/I;
+angle_z=angle_E-angle_I;
+[r,xc]=pol2rect(z,angle_z);
+f=50;
+c=1/(2*%pi*f*(-xc));
+disp(sprintf("(i) The value of resistance is %5.3f Ω",r));
+disp(sprintf("    The value of capacitance is %6.4f μF",c*10^6));
+
+//solution (ii)
+pf=cos(angle_z*(%pi/180));
+disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %4.3f ",pf));
+
+//solution (iii)
+p=E*I*pf;
+disp(sprintf("(iii) The power absorbed by the source is %d W",p));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f09f083a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.18/Ex2_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 18
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 18");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+r=10;                          //in Ohms
+v=200;                         //in Volts
+f=50;                          //in Hertz
+I=10;                          //in Amperes
+rc=2;                          //resistance of coil in Ohms
+
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution (i)
+z=v/I;
+xl=sqrt((z^2)-((r+rc)^2));
+L=xl/(2*%pi*f);
+//disp(sprintf("(i) The  Xl of the coil is %3.1f ",xl));
+disp(sprintf("(i) The inductance of the coil is %3.1f H",L*1000));//converting to milli henry
+
+//solution (ii)
+pf=(r+rc)/z;
+disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %3.1f",pf));
+
+//solution (iii)
+vl=I*(rc+(%i*xl));
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+mag=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));         
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);     //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[vl,angle_vl]=rect2pol(real(vl),imag(vl));
+disp(sprintf("(iii) The voltage across the coil is %7.3f V, %5.2f degrees",vl,angle_vl));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32395bf13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.19/Ex2_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 19
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 19");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+z1=4+(%i*3);                    //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms
+z2=6-(%i*8);                    //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms
+z3=1.6+(%i*7.2);                //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms
+v=100                           //in volts
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution (i)
+//Admittance of each parallel branch Y1 and Y2
+Y1=1/z1;
+Y2=1/z2;
+disp("SOLUTION (i)");
+disp(sprintf("Admittance parallel branch 1 is %3.3f %3.3fj S", real(Y1), imag(Y1)));
+disp(sprintf("Admittance parallel branch 2 is %3.3f+%3.3fj S", real(Y2), imag(Y2)));
+disp(" ");
+
+//solution (ii)
+//Total circuit impedance Z=(Z1||Z2)+Z3
+z=z3+(z2*z1)/(z1+z2)
+disp("SOLUTION (ii)");
+disp(sprintf("Total circuit impedance is %3.3f %3.3fj S", real(z), imag(z)));
+//solution in the book is wrong as there is a total mistake in imaginery part 7.2+0.798=11.598
+//
+//solution (iii)
+//Supply current I=V/Z
+i=v/z;
+function [z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+z0=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));            //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);      //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[z, angle]=rect2pol(real(i), imag(i));
+//disp(sprintf("%f, %f",z,angle));
+//disp(sprintf("%f, %f",real(i), imag(i)));
+pf=cos(angle*%pi/180);
+
+disp("SOLUTION (iii)");
+disp(sprintf("The power factor is %4.2f",pf));
+//solution (iv)
+//Power supplied by source = VI cosΦ or I^2 . R
+P=v*real(i)*pf;
+
+disp("SOLUTION (iv)");
+disp(sprintf("The power supplied by source is %d watt",P));
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77d5ad76a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.20/Ex2_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 20 // read it as example 19 in the book on page 2.72
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 20");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+L=0.5                           //in Henry
+C=5                             //in mf, multiply by 10^-6 to convert to f
+R=25                            //in ohms 
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution (i)
+//Resonance frequency f = (1/2π)sqrt((1/LC)-R^2/L^2)
+fr=(1/(2*%pi))*sqrt((1/(L*C*10^-6))-(R^2)/(L^2));
+disp("SOLUTION (i)");
+disp(sprintf("For parallel circuit,Resonant frquency is %3.2f Hz",  fr)); 
+disp(" ");
+
+//solution (ii)
+//Total circuit impedance at resonance is Z=L/RC
+z=L/(R*C*10^-6);
+disp("SOLUTION (ii)");
+disp(sprintf("Total impedence at resonance is %3.0f kΩ",  z/1000));
+// 
+//solution (iii)
+//Bandwidth (f2-f1)=R/(2.π.L)
+bw=R/(2*%pi*L);
+disp("SOLUTION (iii)");
+disp(sprintf("Bandwidth is %3.2f Hz", bw));
+//
+//solution (iv)
+//Quality factor Q=1/R.sqrt(L/C)
+Q=(1/R)*sqrt(L/(C*10^-6));
+disp("SOLUTION (iv)");
+disp(sprintf("Quality Factor is %3.2f", Q)); 
+//solution in the book is wrong as there is a total mistake in imaginery part 7.2+0.798=11.598
+//
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a3d218e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.22/Ex2_22.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 22 // read it as example 21 in the book on page 2.75
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 22");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+L=0.1                           //in Henry
+C=8                             //in mf, multiply by 10^-6 to convert to f
+R=10                            //in ohms 
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution (i)
+//Resonance frequency for a series RLC circuitf = 1/2.π.sqrt(LC)
+fr=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C*10^-6));
+disp("SOLUTION (i)");
+disp(sprintf("For series circuit,Resonant frquency is %3.2f Hz",  fr)); 
+disp(" ");
+
+//solution (ii)
+//Q-factor is Q=w.L/R= 2.π,fr.L/R
+w=2*%pi*fr;
+Q=w*L/R; 
+disp("SOLUTION (ii)");
+disp(sprintf("The Q-factor at resonance is %3.2f kΩ", Q));
+// 
+//solution (iii)
+//Bandwidth, BW,  (f2-f1)=R/(2.π.L), where f1,f2 half power frequencies
+//f1=fr-BW/2
+//f2=fr+BW/2
+bw=R/(2*%pi*L);
+f1=fr-bw/2;
+f2=fr+bw/2;
+disp("SOLUTION (iii)");
+disp(sprintf("half frequency 1 is  %3.2f Hz", f1));
+disp(sprintf("half frequency 2 is  %3.2f Hz", f2));//
+//
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ff187786
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.23/Ex2_23.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 22 // read it as example 22 in the book on page 2.76
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 23");
+
+//Given
+//Equation of an Ac current with respect to origin 
+//i=100.sin2.pi.50t
+//i=100.sin 100.pi.t
+//
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+A=100                           //Amplitude in Amps
+f=50                            //frquency in Hz 
+t1=1/600                        //sec after wave becomes zero again
+a1=86.6                         //amplitude at some time t after start
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution (a)
+//Amplitude at 1/600 second after it becomes zero
+//
+w=f*2*%pi;                      //angular speed
+hp=1/(2*f);                     //half period, the point where sine beomes zero again after origin
+//The hald period , hp, needs to be added to 1/600 sec
+t=hp+t1;
+a2=A*sin(w*t);
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("Amplitude after 1/600 sec is %3.0f A",  a2)); 
+disp(" "); 
+//solution (b)
+//since A=A0.sinwt, t=asin(A/A0)/w
+t2=(asin(a1/A))/w;
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("The time at which amp would be  %3.2f is  %3.3f  sec", a1,t2));//text book answer is 1/300 sec
+// 
+
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ceb0d8ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.24/Ex2_24.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 22 // read it as example 23 in the book on page 2.77
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 24");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+V=200                           //Amplitude in Volts
+w=314                           //angular spped
+R=20                            //in ohms 
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution 
+//comparing with standard equation
+Im=V/R;                         // in Amps
+rms=Im/2;
+Iav=Im/%pi;                     //average current
+ff=rms/Iav;
+disp("SOLUTION");
+disp(sprintf("RMS value of current is %3.0f A",  rms)); 
+disp(sprintf("Average value of current is %3.2f A",  Iav)); 
+disp(sprintf("Form Factor of current is %3.2f A",  ff)); 
+disp(" "); 
+//
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9ac4777b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.25/Ex2_25.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 25 // read it as example 24 in the book on page 2.78
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 25");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+V=350                           //Amplitude in Volts
+f=50                            //frquency in Hz 
+t1=0.005                        //sec after wave becomes zero again
+t2=0.008                         //sec after waves passes tgrough 0 in -ve direction
+//SOLUTION
+//e=E.sin(wt)
+
+//solution (a)
+//
+w=f*2*%pi;                      //angular speed
+v1=V*sin(w*t1);
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("Voltage after %.3f sec is %3d V",  t1,v1)); 
+disp(" "); 
+//solution (b)
+//since wave will pass in -ve direction after half period
+hp=1/(2*f);                     //half period, the point where sine beomes zero again after origin
+t=hp+t2;
+v2=V*sin(w*t);
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("The voltage would be  %5.2f V in %.3f  sec", v2,t));
+// 
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05ce350d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.26/Ex2_26.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 26 // read it as example 25 in the book on page 2.79
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 26");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+A=100                           //Amplitude in Amps
+f=25                            //frquency in Hz 
+a1=20                           //value of current in Amps to be achieved in certain time
+a2=100                          //value of current in Amps tobe achieved in certain time
+ 
+//SOLUTION
+//i=Im.sin(wt)
+//solution (a)
+// 
+w=f*2*%pi;                      //angular speed
+//when current attains 20 amp means instantaneous value of i=20 Amp
+t1=(asin(a1/A))/w;
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The time to reach value %d A is %3.5f sec",  a1,t1)); 
+disp(" "); 
+//solution (b)//when current attains 100 amp means instantaneous value of i=100 Amp
+t2=(asin(a2/A))/w;
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The time to reach value %d A is %3.2f sec",  a2,t2)); 
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a88d01676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.27/Ex2_27.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 27 // read it as example 26 in the book on page 2.79
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 27");
+
+// Given
+//Voltage across the circuit
+//v=250.sin (314.t-10)
+//current is given by
+//i=10.sin(314.t+50)
+//
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+V=250;                           //Amplitude in Volts
+w=314;                           //angular spped
+pv=-10;                          //phase angle in degrees
+I=10;                            //Amplitude in Amps
+pi=50                            //phase angle in degrees 
+ 
+//SOLUTION
+//v=Vsin(wt+pv)
+//i=Isin(wt+pi)
+//solution
+//representing V in polar format as V=V0/sqrt(2) <θ, we get
+v1=V/sqrt(2); 
+i1=I/sqrt(2);  
+//converting polar to rect
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*%pi/180);       // angle convert in radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*%pi/180);
+endfunction;
+[x,y]=pol2rect(v1,pv);
+V=x+y*%i;
+[x,y]=pol2rect(i1,pi);
+I=x+y*%i;
+Z=V/I;
+//convert back into angles in deg
+function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+mag=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));          //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);      //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction; 
+[mag,angle]=rect2pol(real(Z),imag(Z));
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The impedance is  %d < %3d  Deg",  mag,angle));//text book answer is -60 deg
+//disp(" "); 
+//power factor=cos(angle)
+pf=cos(-1*angle*%pi/180);       //convert to radians and change sign
+disp(sprintf("The power factor is  %2.1f",  pf)); 
+//Z=R-jXc by comparing real and imag paarts we get
+disp(sprintf("The resistance is  %3.1fΩ and Reactance is %4.2fΩ",  real(Z), imag(Z))); 
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce41fd503
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.28/Ex2_28.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 28 // read it as example 27 in the book on page 2.80
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 28");
+//
+//Circuit diagram given with 3 branches
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+z1=2+(%i*3);                    //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms
+z2=1-(%i*5);                    //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms
+z3=4+(%i*2);                    //impedance in rectangular form in Ohms
+v=10;                           //in volts
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution (a)
+//Total impedance
+//Total circuit impedance Z=(Z1||Z2)+Z3
+z=z1+(z2*z3)/(z2+z3);
+//define function
+function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+mag=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));            //z is impedance & the resultant of x and y
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);      //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[magZ, angleZ]=rect2pol(real(z),imag(z));
+disp("SOLUTION (i)");
+disp(sprintf("Total circuit impedance is %3.2f+%3.1fj S", real(z), imag(z)));// in rectangula rform
+disp(sprintf("Total circuit impedance is %3.2f %3.1f S", magZ, angleZ)); //in polar form
+
+//solution (b)
+//Total supply current I=V/Z
+i=v/z;
+[mag, angle]=rect2pol(real(i), imag(i));
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("Total current is %3.2f <%3.1f Amp",mag,angle));
+//solution (c)
+//Vbc=I.Zbc where Zbc=(z2*z3)/(z2+z3)
+Vbc=i*((z2*z3)/(z2+z3));
+[mag1, angle1]=rect2pol(real(Vbc), imag(Vbc));
+disp("SOLUTION (c)");
+disp(sprintf("The voltage across the || circuit is %3.2f-%3.2fj",real(Vbc), imag(Vbc)));
+disp(sprintf("The voltage across the || circuit is %3.2f <%3.1f",mag1, angle1));
+disp(sprintf("The voltage Vbc lags circuit by %3.2f Deg",angle-angle1));
+//solution (d)
+//i2=Vbc/z2, i3=Vbc/z3
+i2=Vbc/z2;
+i3=Vbc/z3;
+[mag2, angle2]=rect2pol(real(i2), imag(i2));
+[mag3, angle3]=rect2pol(real(i3), imag(i3));
+disp("SOLUTION (d)");
+disp(sprintf("The current across fist branch of || circuit is %3.2f <%3.1f",mag2, angle2));
+disp(sprintf("The current across second branch of || circuit is %3.2f <%3.1f",mag3, angle3));
+//solution (e)
+pf=cos(-1*angle*%pi/180);
+disp("SOLUTION (e)");
+disp(sprintf("The power factor is %.3f",pf));
+//solution (iv)
+//Apparent power s=VI, True Power, tp I^2R, Reactive Power, rp=I^2X or VISSin(angle)
+s=v*mag; //apparent power
+tp=(mag^2)*magZ;//true power
+rp=v*mag*sin(-1*angle*%pi/180);//reactive power
+disp("SOLUTION (f)");
+disp(sprintf("The Apparent power is %.2f VA",s));
+disp(sprintf("The True power is %.2f W",tp));//text book answer is 16.32 may be due to truncation
+disp(sprintf("The Reactive power is %.1f vars",rp));
+disp(" "); 
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e09038cf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.29/Ex2_29.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 29 // read it as example 28 in the book on page 2.83
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 29");
+//
+//i=120.si(2.pi.f.t)
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+I=120;                           //Amplitude in Amps
+f=60;                            //Hz 
+t1=1/360;                        //in sec time to find amplitude
+i2=96;                           //in Amps ,2 to find time taken to reach this
+//SOLUTION
+//i=Isin(wt)
+//solution (a)
+w=2*%pi*f;
+i=I*sin(w*t1);
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The amplitude at time %.3f sec is %.1f Amp",  t1,i)); 
+//solution (b)
+t2=(asin(i2/I))/w; 
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("The time taken to reach %2.0f Amp is %.5f Sec",  i2,t2));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6ea8cb77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 3
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 3");
+
+//To find average and rms value rectified sine wave shown in Fig. 2.22
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+//Time period T=pi
+v_m=5;                        //peak value of voltage in Volts
+
+
+//SOLUTION
+//average value Vav by integrating v over 0 to pi and dividing by pi
+v_av=(integrate('v_m*sin(x)','x',0,%pi))/(%pi);
+//first v squre rms
+v_rms=(integrate('(v_m*sin(x))^2','x',0,%pi))/(%pi);
+//then V rms: The previous variable reused
+v_rms=sqrt(v_rms);
+//truncating display to 3 digits
+disp(sprintf("Average value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %4.3f V",v_av));// answer is wrongly shown as 3.185 in the book
+//truncating display to 2 digits
+disp(sprintf("Effective value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %4.2f V",v_rms));
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f36ea719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.30/Ex2_30.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 30 // read it as example 29 in the book on page 2.83
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 30");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+f=50;                               //Hz
+rms=20;                             //in Amp 
+t1=0.0025;                          //in sec time to find amplitude
+t2=0.0125;                          //in sec, to find amp after passing through +ve maximum
+i3=14.14;                           //in Amps, to find time when will it occur after passing through +ve maxima
+//SOLUTION
+//i=Isin(wt)
+//solution (a)
+w=2*%pi*f;
+Im=rms*sqrt(2);
+disp(sprintf("The equation would be i=%.2f. sin(%f.t)",  Im,w));
+t0=(asin(1)/w);                      //time to reach maxima in +ve direction
+i=Im*sin(w*t1);
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The amplitude at time %f sec is %.2f Amp",  t1,i)); 
+//solution (b) 
+tx=t0+t2;
+i2=Im*sin(w*tx);
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("The amplitude at time %.5f sec is %.2f Amp",  t2,i2)); 
+//solution (c) 
+ty=(asin(i3/Im))/w;
+t3=t0-ty;                           //since ty is the time starting from 0, the origin needs to be shifted to maxima
+disp("SOLUTION (c)");
+disp(sprintf("The amplitude  of %.2f Amp would be reached in %.5f Sec",  i3,t3)); 
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..870c20204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.31/Ex2_31.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 31 // read it as example 30 in the book on page 2.84
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 31");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+//function of the waveform is deduced to be y=10+10.t/T
+//SOLUTION
+//Yav=(1/T).Integral(ydt) from 0 to T
+//say
+T=1;                                // 1 sec
+Yav=(1/T)*integrate('(10+10*t/T)', 't', 0, 1);
+disp(sprintf("The average value of waveform is %.0f",  Yav));
+//RMS value Yrms=(1/T).Integral(y^2.dt) from 0 to T
+Yms=(1/T)*integrate('(10+10*t/T)^2', 't', 0, 1);
+disp(sprintf("The RMS value of waveform is %.2f",  sqrt(Yms)));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dcbdbaf4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.32/Ex2_32.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 32 // read it as example 31 in the book on page 2.85
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 32");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+//function of the waveform is deduced to be i=Im.sinΘ
+//SOLUTION
+//Average value of current is Iav=area of rectified wave/interval
+//Can be achieved by integration
+//Iav=(1/2.π).Integral(ydΘ) from 0 to π, and π to 2.π is zero, interval is 2.π
+//need to assume values, let Im=1
+//say
+Im=1;                                // in Amp
+Iav=(1/(2*%pi))*integrate('(Im*sin(th))', 'th', 0, %pi);
+//disp(sprintf("The average value of waveform is %f",  Iav));
+//RMS  mean square value (1/π).Integral(y^2.dΘ) from 0 to π
+Ims=(1/(2*%pi))*integrate('(Im*sin(th))^2', 'th', 0, %pi);
+//disp(sprintf("The RMS value of waveform is %f",  sqrt(Ims)));
+ff=sqrt(Ims)/Iav;
+disp(sprintf("The form factor of waveform is %.2f",ff));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3897c5fcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.33/Ex2_33.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 33 // read it as example 32 in the book on page 2.86
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 33");
+//Three coils of resistance 20,30,40 ohms and inductance 0.5,0.3 and 0.2 H are connected in series
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+r1=20;                          //in Ω
+r2=30;                          //
+r3=40;                          //
+l1=0.5;                         //in Henry
+l2=0.3;                         //
+l3=0.2;                         //
+V=230;                          // volts
+f=50;                           //Hz
+//coils connected in series
+// 
+//SOLUTION
+R=r1+r2+r3; //Total resistance
+L=l1+l2+l3; //Total inductance
+XL=2*%pi*f*L;//inductive reactance
+//impedence Z=sqrt(R*2 +XL^2)
+Z=sqrt(R^2 +XL^2);
+I=V/Z;
+pf=R/Z;
+pc=V*I*pf;
+disp(sprintf("The total current is %.3f Amp",  I));
+disp(sprintf("The Power Factor is %.3f lagging",  pf));
+disp(sprintf("The Power consumed in the circuit is %.1f W",  pc));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..560d4657d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.34/Ex2_34.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 34 // read it as example 33 in the book on page 2.87
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 34");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+r=100;                          //in Ω
+c=40*10^(-6);                   //
+V=400;                          // volts
+f=50;                           //Hz
+//
+//SOLUTION
+XC=1/(2*%pi*f*c); //capacitative reactance
+//impedence Z=sqrt(R^2 +XL^2)
+Z=sqrt(r^2 +XC^2);
+I=V/Z;
+pf=r/Z;
+pc=V*I*pf;
+disp(sprintf("The total current is %.2f Amp",  I));
+disp(sprintf("The Power Factor is %.3f leading",  pf));
+disp(sprintf("The Power consumed in the circuit is %.0f W",pc));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6d46b1c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.35/Ex2_35.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 35 // read it as example 34 in the book on page 2.88
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 35");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+R=100;                          //in Ω
+L=0.2;                          //in Henry
+C=20*10^(-6);                   //farads
+V=240;                          // volts
+f=50;                           //Hz
+//
+//SOLUTION
+//Solution (a)
+XL=2*%pi*f*L;
+XC=1/(2*%pi*f*C);
+//impedence Z=sqrt(R^2 +XL^2)
+X=XL-XC;
+Z=sqrt(R^2 +X^2);
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The total impedence is %d Ω",  Z));
+I=V/Z;
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("The total current is %.3f Amp", I));
+Vr=I*R;
+Vi=I*XL;
+Vc=I*XC;
+disp("SOLUTION (c)");
+disp(sprintf("The voltage across resistance is %.1f V",Vr));
+disp(sprintf("The voltage across inductance is %.1f V",Vi));
+disp(sprintf("The voltage across capacitance is %.1f V",Vc));
+pf=R/Z;
+pc=V*I*pf;
+disp("SOLUTION (d)");
+disp(sprintf("The Power Factor is %.2f leading",  pf));
+disp("SOLUTION (e)");
+disp(sprintf("The Power consumed in the circuit is %.0f W",pc));
+//XL=XC
+f0=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C));
+disp("SOLUTION (f)");
+disp(sprintf("Resonance will occur at %.1f Hz",f0));//The text book answer is 39.8 which is apprently wrong
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ea401187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.36/Ex2_36.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 36 // read it as example 35 in the book on page 2.90
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 36");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+R1=10;                           //in Ω
+XL=15;                           //in  
+R2=12;                           //
+C=20;                            //capacitative reactance in Ω
+V=230;                           // volts
+f=50;                            //Hz
+//
+//SOLUTION
+//Solution (a)
+//conductance g, susceptance b
+Z12=(R1^2 +XL^2);                //squared impedance Z^2 for branch 1
+Z22=(R1^2 +C^2);                 //squared impedance Z^2 for branch 2
+g1=R1/Z12;                       //conductance
+g2=R2/Z22;
+b1=-XL/Z12;                      //susceptance
+b2=C/Z22;
+g=g1+g2;                        //Total conductance
+b=b1+b2;                        //Total susceptance
+Y=sqrt(g^2+b^2);                //Total admittance
+I=V*Y;
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The total current is %.1f Amp",  I));//text book answer is 12.3 A
+pf=g/Y;
+ 
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("The power factor is %.3f", pf)); // text book answer is 0.985 
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..692a599ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.37/Ex2_37.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 37 // read it as example 36 in the book on page 2.93
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 37");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+R1=20;                              //
+XL=15;                              // in ohms
+R2=0;                               //assumed
+C=50;                               //in ohms capacitative reactance
+V=200;
+f=60;                               //Hz 
+//
+//SOLUTION
+//Solution (a)
+//conductance g, susceptance b
+Z1=sqrt(R1^2 +XL^2);                //squared impedance Z^2 for branch 1
+Z2=sqrt(R2^2 +C^2);                 //squared impedance Z^2 for branch 2
+i1=V/Z1;
+i2=V/Z2;
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The  current in Branch 1 is %d Amp",  i1));
+disp(sprintf("The  current in Branch 2 is %d Amp",  i2));
+phi1=atan(XL/R1);
+phi2=%pi/2;                         //atan(C/R2);                    //R2=0, output is infinity
+Icos=i1*cos(phi1)+i2*cos(phi2);     // phi in radians
+Isin=-i1*sin(phi1)+i2*sin(phi2);     // phi in radians
+I=sqrt(Icos^2+Isin^2);
+//
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("The total current is %.2f Amp",  I));
+//
+pf=Icos/I; //power factor
+disp("SOLUTION (c)");
+disp(sprintf("The power factor is %.3f ", pf)); 
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bce55490e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.38/Ex2_38.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 38 // read it as example 37 in the book on page 2.93
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 38");
+//
+//Solve exercise 36 by j method
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+z1=10+15*%i;
+z2=12-20*%i;
+V=230;
+//invZ=1/z1+1/z2;
+Z=z1*z2/(z1+z2);
+magZ=sqrt(real(Z)^2+imag(Z)^2);
+I=V/magZ;
+pf=real(Z)/magZ;
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The  current   is %.1f Amp",  I));
+//
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("The  Power factor  is %.3f lagging",  pf));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6fe1c5555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.39/Ex2_39.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 39 // read it as example 38 in the book on page 2.94
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 39");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+z1=2.5+1.5*%i;
+z2=4+3*%i;
+z3=3-4*%i;
+V=200;
+f=50;                               
+E=V+0*%i;                           // representing as a vector 
+//invZ=1/z1+1/z2;
+//Z23=1/Z2+1/Z3 which is equivalent impedance of parallel circuits
+//Z13=Z1+Z23    which is symbolic expression of total impedance
+//
+//SOLUTION
+Z23=z2*z3/(z2+z3);
+Z=z1+Z23;
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The  symbolic expression of impedance %.1f+j%.1f Amp",real(Z),imag(Z)));
+I=E/Z;
+magI=sqrt(real(I)^2+imag(I)^2);     //total current
+phi=atan(-imag(I)/real(I));         //total phase
+//
+//Voltages across the branches
+e12=I*z1;                           //voltage across series branch
+mage12=sqrt(real(e12)^2+imag(e12)^2);
+phi12=atan(imag(e12)/real(e12));
+//
+e23=E-e12;                          //voltage across parallel branch
+mage23=sqrt(real(e23)^2+imag(e23)^2);
+phi23=atan(-imag(e23)/real(e23));
+//
+//current in branch 1 upper
+i1=e23/z2;
+magi1=sqrt(real(i1)^2+imag(i1)^2);
+phii1=atan(-imag(i1)/real(i1));
+//
+//current in branch 2 lower
+i2=e23/z3;
+magi2=sqrt(real(i2)^2+imag(i2)^2);
+phii2=atan(imag(i2)/real(i2));
+disp("SOLUTION (b)");
+disp(sprintf("The  current in Upper branch  is %.1f Amp",magi1));
+disp(sprintf("The  current in Lower branch  is %.1f Amp",magi2));
+disp(sprintf("The  Total current   is %.2f Amp",magI));//the text book answer is wrongly shown as 328 A
+//
+pf=cos(phi);                        //
+disp("SOLUTION (c)");
+disp(sprintf("The  Power factor  is %.3f",  pf));
+//
+disp("SOLUTION (d)");
+disp(sprintf("The  voltage across series branch is %.1f V",  mage12));
+disp(sprintf("The  voltage across parallel branch is %.0f V",  mage23));
+//
+tp=V*magI*pf;   //total power
+disp("SOLUTION (e)");
+disp(sprintf("The  total power absorbed in circuit is %d W",  tp));// the text book answer is 6480 W
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7045a8f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 4
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 4");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+v_m=10;                        //peak value of voltage in Volts
+angle=60*(%pi/180);            //delay angle in radians
+
+//SOLUTION
+//average value Vav by integrating v over 0 to pi  and dividing by pi
+v_av=(integrate('v_m*sin(x)','x',angle,%pi))/(%pi);
+//effective value
+v_rms=(integrate('(v_m*sin(x))^2','x',angle,%pi))/(%pi);
+v_rms=sqrt(v_rms);
+disp(sprintf("Average value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %4.2f V",v_av));// truncade to two decimals
+//                                                                              //text book answer is 4.78
+disp(sprintf("Effective value of full wave rectifier sine wave is %4.2f V",v_rms));//text book answer is 6.33
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e70e3d40c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.40/Ex2_40.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 40 // read it as example 39 in the book on page 2.98
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 40");
+//
+//Given
+//V=100.sin(314.t+5) V
+//current is i=5.sin (314.t-40)
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+V=100;                              // max amplitude of wave
+w=314;                              //angular speed
+phiV=5;                              //phase angle in degrees
+I=5;                                //max current amplitude
+phiI=-40;                           //phase angle in current in deg
+
+//
+//SOLUTION
+phi=phiI-phiV;                      // phase difference
+pf=cos(phi*%pi/180);                //convert to radians
+p=(V/sqrt(2))*(I/sqrt(2))*pf; 
+//
+disp(sprintf("The  Power factor is %.3f lagging",  pf));
+disp(sprintf("The  Power delivered  is %.2f W",  p));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48ca080c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.41/Ex2_41.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 41 // read it as example 40 in the book on page 2.99
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 41");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+lampV=100;                                //Volts
+lampW=60;                                 //watts
+V=250;
+f=50;
+//
+//SOLUTION
+lampI=lampW/lampV;
+lampR=lampW/lampI^2;                    //W=I^2.R
+//
+disp("SOLUTION (a)");
+disp(sprintf("The resistance of the lamp is t is %.2f Ohms", lampR));
+//
+//in purely resistive / non inductive circuit,V=IR applies, and R=lampR+R
+R=V/lampI-lampR;
+disp(sprintf("The value value of resistor to be placed in series with the lamp is %.0f Ohms", R));
+//
+//in case of inductance
+//XL=2*%pi*f*L;
+//V=Z.I where Z^2=R^2+XL^2
+//L=sqrt((V^2/I^2-R^2)/2*%pi*f)
+L=sqrt((V/lampI)^2-lampR^2)/(2*%pi*f);
+disp(sprintf("The inductive resistance to be placed is %.4f H",L));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d3681898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.42/Ex2_42.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 42 // read it as example 41 in the book on page 2.100
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 42");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+I=10;                                // max amplitude of wave in Amp
+rms1=5;                              //rms values of current
+rms2=7.5;
+rms3=10;
+phi1=30;                            //phase angles
+phi2=-60;
+phi3=45;
+f=50;                               //frequency in Hz
+w=2*%pi*f;
+//
+//SOLUTION
+//in case of sinosoidal wave, average value of alternating quantity = RMS values/1.11
+av1=rms1/1.11;                      //average values of 1,2,3 currents
+av2=rms2/1.11;
+av3=rms3/1.11;
+disp("SOLUTION (i)");
+disp(sprintf("The  average value of 1st current is %.2f Amp", av1));
+disp(sprintf("The  average value of 2nd current is %.2f Amp", av2));
+disp(sprintf("The  average value of 3rd current is %.2f Amp", av3));
+//
+//instantaneous values of current
+//i(t)=RMS.sqrt(2).sin (w.t+phi)
+//w=2.pi.f which for 50 Hz coes to 314
+disp("SOLUTION (ii)");
+disp(sprintf("The  instantaneous  value of 1st current is %.2f sin(%.0f*t+%.0f) Amp", rms1*sqrt(2), w,phi1));
+disp(sprintf("The  instantaneous  value of 2nd current is %.2f sin(%.0f*t%.0f) Amp", rms2*sqrt(2), w,phi2));
+disp(sprintf("The  instantaneous  value of 3rd current is %.2f sin(%.0f*t+%.0f) Amp", rms3*sqrt(2), w,phi3));
+//
+//instantaneous values of current at t=100msec=0.1 sec
+t=0.1;
+i1=(rms1*sqrt(2))*(sin(w*t+phi1*%pi/180));
+i2=(rms2*sqrt(2))*(sin(w*t+phi2*%pi/180));
+i3=(rms3*sqrt(2))*(sin(w*t+phi3*%pi/180));
+disp("SOLUTION (iv)");
+disp(sprintf("The  instantaneous value of 1st current is %.3f Amp at %.3f Sec", i1, t));
+disp(sprintf("The  instantaneous value of 2nd current is %.3f Amp at %.3f Sec", i2, t));
+disp(sprintf("The  instantaneous value of 3rd current is %.3f Amp at %.3f Sec", i3, t));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4e1f6b76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.43/Ex2_43.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 43 // read it as example 42 in the book on page 2.102
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 43");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION 
+I=5;                                // max amplitude of wave in Amp
+f=50;                               //Hz
+//wave for is to be obtained by adding the two waves
+//i=5+5.sin(wt)=5+5.sin(theta)
+//
+//SOLUTION
+Iav=(1/(2*%pi))*integrate('5+5*sin(th)', 'th',0,2*%pi);
+Ims=(1/(2*%pi))*integrate('(5+5*sin(th))^2', 'th',0,2*%pi);
+//
+disp(sprintf("The  average value of resultant current is %.2f Amp",  Iav));
+disp(sprintf("The  RMS value of resultant current is %.2f Amp",  sqrt(Ims)));
+disp(" "); 
+// 
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b01b90a84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.44/Ex2_44.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 44
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 44");
+
+//given
+//current in the resistor is given by i=4+5.sin wt - 3.cos 3.wt
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+r=20;                           //resistance in Ohms
+
+//SOLUTION
+//Power consumed by the resistor is P=P0+P1+P2
+p0=(4^2)*r;
+p1=((5/sqrt(2))^2)*r;
+p2=((3/sqrt(2))^2)*r;
+p=p0+p1+p2;
+I=sqrt(p/r);
+disp(sprintf("The power consumed by the resistor is %d W",p));
+disp(sprintf("The effective value of current is %.1f A",I));
+
+//END 
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9122b5be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.45/Ex2_45.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 45
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 45");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+L=1.405;                        //inductance in Henry
+r=40;                           //resistance in Ohms
+C=20/(10^6);                    //capacitance in Farad
+v=100;                          //voltage in Volts
+
+//SOLUTION
+//resonant frequency f=1/2.pi.sqrt (L.C)
+f0=1/(2*%pi*sqrt(L*C));
+disp(sprintf("The frequency at which the circuit resonates is %d Hz",f0));
+
+I0=v/r;
+disp(sprintf("The current drawn from the supply is %.1f A",I0));
+
+xl0=2*%pi*f0*L; 
+z0=sqrt((r^2)+(xl0^2));
+vl0=I0*z0;
+disp(sprintf("The voltage across the coil is %.1f V",vl0));
+
+xc0=1/(2*%pi*f0*C);
+disp(sprintf("The capcitative reactance is %.1f Ω",xc0));
+
+Q0=(2*%pi*f0*L)/r;
+disp(sprintf("The quality factor is %.3f", Q0));
+
+bw=r/L;
+disp(sprintf("The bandwidth is %.3f Hz",bw));
+
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b73830ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.46/Ex2_46.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 46
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 46");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+I=120-(%i*(50));                //given, current  in Amperes
+v=8+(%i*(2));                   //given, voltage in Volts
+
+//SOLUTION
+
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+mag=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));         
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);     //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[v,angle_v]=rect2pol(real(v),imag(v));
+[I,angle_I]=rect2pol(real(I),imag(I));
+
+//solution (i)
+z=v/I;
+angle_z=angle_v-angle_I;
+disp(sprintf("(i) The impedance is %.4f Ω,<%.2f degrees",z,angle_z));
+
+//solution (ii)
+phi=angle_z;
+pf=cos(phi*(%pi/180));
+disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %.3f (lagging)",pf));
+
+//solution (iii)
+s=v*I; 
+angle_s=angle_v-angle_I; 
+//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180));   //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[p,q]=pol2rect(s,angle_s);
+disp(sprintf("(iii) The power consumed is %.2f W",p));
+disp(sprintf("      The reactive power is %.2f VAR",q));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e5f6185b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.47/Ex2_47.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 47
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 47");
+
+//given
+//current in the circuit is 5-j.10 A
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+r=10;                          //in Ohms
+xl=8.66;                       //in Ohms
+I=5-(%i*10);                   //in Amperes
+
+//SOLUTION
+z=r+(%i*(xl));
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [mag,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+mag=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));         
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);     //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[z,angle_z]=rect2pol(real(z),imag(z)); 
+[I,angle_I]=rect2pol(real(I),imag(I)); 
+
+//solution(i)
+v=I*z;
+angle_v=angle_I+angle_z;
+disp(sprintf("(i) The applied voltage is %.1f V, %.2f degrees",v,angle_v));
+
+//solution (ii)
+phi=angle_I-angle_v;
+pf=cos(phi*(%pi/180));
+disp(sprintf("(ii) The power factor is %.3f (lagging)",pf));
+
+//solution(iii)
+//S=phasor voltageXconjugate of phasor current
+//Converting v and I from polar to rectangular form
+s=v*I;
+angle_s=angle_v-angle_I;
+//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180));  //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[p,q]=pol2rect(s,angle_s);
+disp(sprintf("(iii) The active power is %.2f W",p));
+disp(sprintf("      The reactive power is %.2f VAR",q));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e93c267b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.48/Ex2_48.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 48
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 48");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+pf1=0.8;                       //power factor of 1st circuit
+pf2=0.6;                       //power factor of 2nd circuit
+z=1;                           //this is an assumption
+
+//SOLUTION
+//convert polar to rectangular form
+angle1=acos(pf1)*(180/%pi);    //in degrees
+angle2=acos(pf2)*(180/%pi);    //in degrees 
+//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180));    //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[z1_x,z1_y]=pol2rect(z,angle1);
+[z2_x,z2_y]=pol2rect(z,angle2);
+nr=angle1+angle2;              //numerator
+z_x=z1_x+z2_x;
+z_y=z1_y+z2_y;
+
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [z,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+I=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));         
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);     //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[z,angle]=rect2pol(z_x,z_y);
+angle_z=nr-angle;
+pf=cos(angle_z*(%pi/180));
+disp(sprintf("The power factor of the combination is %.3f",pf));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1cd3ec1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.49/Ex2_49.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 49
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 49");
+
+//Given
+//voltage V=200 <30
+//current 20 <60 and 40 <-30
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+v=200;                         //in Volts
+angle_v=30;                    //in degrees
+I1=20;                         //in Amperes
+angle_I1=60;                  //in degrees
+I2=40;                         //in Amperes
+angle_I2=-30;                  //in degrees
+
+//SOLUTION
+//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180));    //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[v_x,v_y]=pol2rect(v,angle_v);
+[I1_x,I1_y]=pol2rect(I1,angle_I1);
+[I2_x,I2_y]=pol2rect(I2,angle_I2);
+s1=v*I1;
+angle_s1=-angle_v+angle_I1;
+disp(sprintf("The apparent power in 1st branch is %d kVA",s1/1000));
+[s1_x,s1_y]=pol2rect(s1,angle_s1);
+disp(sprintf("The true power in 1st branch is %.3f kW",s1_x/1000));
+
+disp(" ");
+
+s2=v*I2;
+angle_s2=angle_v-angle_I2;
+disp(sprintf("The apparent power in 2nd branch is %d kVA",s2/1000));
+[s2_x,s2_y]=pol2rect(s2,angle_s2);
+disp(sprintf("The true power in 2nd branch is %d kW",s2_x/1000));
+I=(I1_x+I2_x)+(%i*(I1_y+I2_y)); //disp(I);
+
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [I,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+I=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));           
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);     //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[I,angle]=rect2pol(real(I),imag(I));
+//disp(I);
+s=v*I;
+angle_s=angle_v-angle;
+disp(sprintf("The apparent power in the main circuit is %.3f kVA",s/1000));
+[p,q]=pol2rect(s,angle_s);
+disp(sprintf("The true power in the main circuit is %.3f kW",p/1000));
+
+//END
+
+
+
+
+ 
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce799fefc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 5
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 5");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+I1=0.75;                       	//current in loop 1 in Amperes
+v=240;                         	//voltage supply in Volts
+f=50;                          	//frequency in Hertz
+p=80;                          	//power consumed by the lamp in Watts
+
+//SOLUTION
+//V.I1.cos(Φ1) = P
+res=p/v; 			//I1cos(Φ1)                      
+pf1=res/I1;                    	//1st power factor = cos(Φ1)
+phi1=acos(pf1);
+res1=tan(phi1);                	//result1 = tan(Φ1)
+w=2*%pi*f;			//w=2.pi.f		       
+
+//solution (a)
+//Given power factor = unity means cos(Φ2)=1
+//hence Φ2=0, tan (Φ2)=0
+res2=0;                        	//result2 = tan(Φ2) as Φ2=0
+Ic1=res*(res1-res2);
+c1=Ic1/(v*w); 
+disp(sprintf("(a) When power factor is unity, the value of capacitance is %4.2f μF",c1*(10^6))); // in mF
+
+//solution (b)
+pf2=0.95;                      //given
+phi2=acos(pf2);
+res2=tan(phi2);
+Ic2=res*(res1-res2);
+c2=Ic2/(v*w);
+disp(sprintf("(b) When power factor is 0.95(lagging), the value of capacitance is %5.3f μF",c2*(10^6))); //textbook answer is 7.458 mF
+
+//END
+
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.50/Ex2_50.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.50/Ex2_50.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c1aa59a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.50/Ex2_50.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 50
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 50");
+
+//Given
+//three impedances
+//6+j5 ohm, 8-j6 ohm and 8+j10 ohm
+//Circuit in parallel
+//
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+z1=6+(%i*5);                   //impedance in Ohms
+z2=8-(%i*6);                   //impedance in Ohms
+z3=8+(%i*10);                  //impedance in Ohms
+I=20;                          //in Amperes
+
+//SOLUTION
+Y1=1/z1;                       // Admittance
+Y2=1/z2;
+Y3=1/z3;
+Y=Y1+Y2+Y3;                    // Total admittance
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [Y,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+Y=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));           
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);     //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[Y_tot,angle]=rect2pol(real(Y),imag(Y));
+v=I/Y_tot;
+angle_v=-angle;
+[z1,angle1]=rect2pol(real(z1),imag(z1));
+[z2,angle2]=rect2pol(real(z2),imag(z2));
+[z3,angle3]=rect2pol(real(z3),imag(z3));
+I1=v/z1;
+angle_I1=angle_v-angle1;
+I2=v/z2;
+angle_I2=angle_v-angle2;
+I3=v/z3;
+angle_I3=angle_v-angle3;
+disp("The current in each branch in polar form is-");
+disp(sprintf(" %.3f A, %.2f degrees",I1,angle_I1));
+disp(sprintf(" %.3f A, %.2f degrees",I2,angle_I2));
+disp(sprintf(" %.3f A, %.2f degrees",I3,angle_I3));
+//Total current
+I=I1+I2+I3; 
+disp(sprintf("The total current is %.3f A",I)); //Answer not clear in the book
+//
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.51/Ex2_51.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.51/Ex2_51.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..85f7d494b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.51/Ex2_51.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 51
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 51");
+//
+//Given
+// admittance of branches are:
+//Y1=0.4+j0.6
+//Y2=0.1+j0.4
+//Y3=0.06+j0.23
+//
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+Y1=0.4+(%i*0.6);               //admittance of 1st branch in Siemens
+Y2=0.1+(%i*0.4);               //admittance of 2nd branch in Siemens
+Y3=0.06+(%i*0.23);             //admittance of 3rd branch in Siemens
+
+//SOLUTION
+Y=Y1+Y2+Y3;                    // total admittance
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [Y,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+Y=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));           
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);     //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[Y,angle]=rect2pol(real(Y),imag(Y));
+disp(sprintf("The total admittance of the circuit is %.3f S, %.2f degrees",Y,angle));
+z=1/Y;
+disp(sprintf("The impedance of the circuit is %.3f Ω, %.2f degrees",z,-angle));
+//
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.52/Ex2_52.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.52/Ex2_52.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d0d64ad6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.52/Ex2_52.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 52
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 52");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+r1=7;                        //in Ohms
+L1=0.015;                    //in Henry
+r2=12;                       //in Ohms
+c2=180*(10^(-6));            //in Farad
+r3=5;                        //in Ohms
+L3=0.01;                     //in Henry
+v=230;                       //in Volts
+f=50;                        //in Hertz
+
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solition (a)
+xl1=2*%pi*f*L1;
+xc2=1/(2*%pi*f*c2);
+xl3=2*%pi*f*L3;
+Z1=r1+xl1*%i;                   //complex representations
+Z2=r2-xc2*%i;
+Z3=r3+xl3*%i;
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [z,angle]=rect2pol(r,x);
+z=sqrt((r^2)+(x^2));           
+angle=atan(x/r)*(180/%pi);   //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[z1,angle1]=rect2pol(r1,xl1);
+[z2,angle2]=rect2pol(r2,xc2);
+[z3,angle3]=rect2pol(r3,xl3);
+//to obtain rectangular form of (Z1+Z2)
+req1=r1+r2;
+xeq1=xl1-xc2;
+//to obtain polar form of (Z1+Z2)
+[zeq1,angle_eq1]=rect2pol(req1,-xeq1);
+zp=(z1*z2)/(zeq1);
+angle_p=(angle1-angle2)+angle_eq1;
+//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form
+function [r,x]=pol2rect(z,angle);
+r=z*cos(angle*(%pi/180));    //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+x=z*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[rp,xp]=pol2rect(zp,angle_p);
+[req,xeq]=pol2rect(z3,angle3);
+r_tot=req+rp;
+x_tot=xeq+xp;
+[z_tot,angle_tot]=rect2pol(r_tot,x_tot);
+Z=r_tot+x_tot*%i;               //complex representation
+disp(sprintf("(a) The total impedance is %.3f Ω, %.2f degrees",z_tot,angle_tot));
+
+//solution (b)
+I=v/Z;                          //complex division
+angle_I=-angle_tot;
+[I_x,I_y]=pol2rect(I,angle_I);
+disp(sprintf("(b) The total currrent is (%.3f-j%.2f) A",real(I),imag(I))); 
+
+//solution (c)
+//Voltage drop across Z3
+Vab=I*Z3;
+disp(sprintf("    The Voltage between AB is (%.3f-j%.2f) V",real(Vab),imag(Vab)));
+//since we know that V=Vab+Vbc
+Vbc=v-Vab;
+disp(sprintf("    The Voltage between BC is (%.3f-j%.2f) V",real(Vbc),imag(Vbc)));
+I1=Vbc/Z1;                      //Branch 1 current
+I2=Vbc/Z2;                      //branch 2 current
+//I3=I, main branch current
+[mag1,angle1]=rect2pol(real(I1),imag(I1));
+[mag2,angle2]=rect2pol(real(I2),imag(I2));
+disp(sprintf("(c) Current in branch 1 is %.3f,< %.2f degrees A",mag1,angle1));
+disp(sprintf("    The currrent in branch 1 is (%.3f-j%.2f) A",real(I1),imag(I1))); 
+disp(sprintf("    The current in branch 2 is %.3f A,<%.2f degrees A",mag2,angle2));
+disp(sprintf("    The currrent in branch 2 is (%.3f-j%.2f) A",real(I2),imag(I2))); 
+//END
+
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.53/Ex2_53.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.53/Ex2_53.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ccdef8fb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.53/Ex2_53.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 53 Read Example 52 of the Text Book
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 53");
+
+//Given
+//Voltage 230 <30 V
+//Current in branches 20 <60 A & 40<-30 A
+//
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+v=230;                         //in Volts
+angle_v=30;                    //in degrees
+I1=20;                         //in Amperes
+angle_I1=60;                   //in degrees
+I2=40;                         //in Amperes
+angle_I2=-30;                  //in degrees
+
+//SOLUTION
+//function to convert from polar form to rectangular form
+function [x,y]=pol2rect(mag,angle);
+x=mag*cos(angle*(%pi/180));    //to convert the angle from degrees to radians
+y=mag*sin(angle*(%pi/180));
+endfunction;
+[x1,y1]=pol2rect(I1,angle_I1);
+[x2,y2]=pol2rect(I2,angle_I2);
+X=x1+x2;
+Y=y1+y2;
+
+//function to convert from rectangular form to polar form
+function [I,angle]=rect2pol(x,y);
+I=sqrt((x^2)+(y^2));           
+angle=atan(y/x)*(180/%pi);     //to convert the angle from radians to degrees
+endfunction;
+[I,angle]=rect2pol(X,Y);
+
+//solution (i)
+z=v/I;
+angle_z=angle_v-angle;
+disp(sprintf("(i) The total impedance of the circuit is %.2f Ω, %.2f degrees",z,angle_z));
+
+//solution (ii)
+//disp(sprintf("The value of I is %f and angle is %f",I, angle_z));
+pf=cos(angle_z*(%pi/180));      //power factor
+p=v*I*pf;                       // Power taken
+disp(sprintf("(ii) The power taken is %.0f W",p));
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.54/Ex2_54.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.54/Ex2_54.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b6e43d75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.54/Ex2_54.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 54 Read example 53 of the Book
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 54");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+C=2.5/(10^6);                  //capcaitance in Farads
+R=15;                          //in Ohms
+L=260/1000;                    //in Henry
+
+//SOLUTION
+//resonant Frequency is given by
+//fr= 1/ 2.pi.(sqrt (1/LC - R^2/L^2))
+//Q-factor is given by:
+//Qf=2.pi.fr.L/R
+//dynamic impedance is given by
+//Zr=L/C.R
+//
+//solution (i)
+f_r=(1/(2*%pi))*sqrt((1/(L*C)-(R^2/L^2)));
+f_r=round(f_r);                //to round off the value
+disp(sprintf("(i) The resonant frequency is %d Hz",f_r));
+
+//solution (ii)
+q_factor=(2*%pi*f_r*L)/R;
+disp(sprintf("(ii) The Q-factor of the circuit is %.2f",q_factor));
+
+//solution (iii)
+Z_r=L/(C*R);
+disp(sprintf("(iii) The dynamic impedance of the circuit is %.0f Ω",Z_r));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..378b29151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 6
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 6");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+f=50;                            //in Hertz
+I1=20;                           //in Amperes
+pf1=0.75;                        //power factor
+v=230;                           //in Volts
+pf2=0.9;                         //power factor(lagging)
+
+//SOLUTION
+//V.I1.cos(Φ1) = P
+phi1=acos(pf1);
+res1=tan(phi1);                  //result1 = tan(Φ1)
+phi2=acos(pf2);
+res2=tan(phi2);                  //result2 = tan(Φ2)
+Ic=I1*pf1*(res1-res2);
+w=2*%pi*f;                      //w=2.pi.f
+c=Ic/(v*w);
+disp(sprintf("The value of capacitance is %5.2f μF",c*(10^6)));//text book answer is 82.53 mF
+Qc=v*Ic;			// reactive power in kVAr
+disp(sprintf("The reactive power is %6.4f kVAR",Qc/(10^3)));//text book answer is 1.3716
+I2=I1*(pf1/pf2);		//I1.cos(Φ1) = I2.cos(Φ2)
+disp(sprintf("The new supply current is %5.2f A",I2));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97183894a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 7
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 7");
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+s1=300;                         //apparent power absorbed by the plant in kVA
+pf1=0.65;                       //power factor(lagging)
+pf2=0.85;                       //power factor(lagging)
+
+//SOLUTION
+
+//solution (a)
+p=s1*pf1;                       //active power P=S.cos(Φ)
+q1=sqrt((s1^2)-(p^2));		//Q=sqrt(S^2-P^2) in kVAr
+disp(sprintf("(a) To bring the power factor to unity, the capacitor bank should have a capacity of %3.0f kVAR",q1));
+
+//solution (b)
+s2=p/pf2;			//since P=S.cos(Φ)
+q2=sqrt((s2^2)-(p^2));		//Q=sqrt(S^2-P^2) in kVAr
+disp(sprintf("(b) To bring the power factor to 85%% lagging, the capacitor bank should have a capacity of %3.0f kVAR",q2));
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adfd7b625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.8/Ex2_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 8
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 8");
+
+//Given
+//V=300.cos(314.t+20) volts
+//i=15.cos(314.t-10) Amp
+//
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+//V=300.cos(314.t+20) volts
+//V=300.sin(314.t+110) volts as cos(theta)=sin(theta+90)
+//i=15.cos(314.t-10) Amp
+//i=15.sin(314.t+80) Amp as cos(theta)=sin(theta+90)
+//Now
+V=300/sqrt(2);                   //in Volts
+angle_V=110;                     //in degrees
+I=15/sqrt(2);                    //in Amperes
+angle_I=80;                      //in degrees
+
+//SOLUTION
+Z=V/I;				//circuit impedance
+angle_Z=angle_V-angle_I;	//angle between current and voltage
+disp(sprintf("The circuit impedance is %d Ω",Z));
+disp(sprintf("The phase angle is %d degrees",angle_Z));
+//Pav=Vm*Im.cos (phi) in RL circuit
+Pav=V*I*cos(angle_Z*(%pi/180));  //to convert angle_z from degrees to radians  
+disp(sprintf("The average power drawn is %7.2f W",Pav));// textboo answer is 1949.85 w
+
+//END
diff --git a/1445/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce b/1445/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0fd9a5c6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1445/CH2/EX2.9/Ex2_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//CHAPTER 2- STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF SINGLE-PHASE A.C. CIRCUIT
+//Example 9
+
+disp("CHAPTER 2");
+disp("EXAMPLE 9");
+
+
+//VARIABLE INITIALIZATION
+V=120;                        //voltage of lamp in Volts
+P=100;                        //in Watts
+Vsupp=220;                    //supply voltage in Volts
+f=50;                         //in Hertz
+//Equations to be used
+//Z=R+jXl
+//Vsupply=V+jVl=sqrt(V^2+Vl^2)
+//Hence Vl=sqrt(Vsupply^2-V^2)
+//P=VI
+//Xl=2.pi.f.L
+
+//SOLUTION
+Vl=sqrt((Vsupp^2)-(V^2)); 
+Xl=(V*Vl)/P;
+L=Xl/(2*%pi*f);			//inductance
+disp(sprintf("The pure inductance should have a value of %6.4f H",L)); //text book answer is 0.7046 H
+
+//END
-- 
cgit