From b1f5c3f8d6671b4331cef1dcebdf63b7a43a3a2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: priyanka
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2015 15:03:17 +0530
Subject: initial commit / add all books

---
 1026/CH1/EX1.1/Example1_1.sce      | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH1/EX1.2/Example1_2.sce      | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.1/Example10_1.sce   | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.10/Example10_10.sce | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.11/Example10_11.sce | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.12/Example10_12.sce | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.13/Example10_13.sce | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.2/Example10_2.sce   | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.3/Example10_3.sce   | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.4/Example10_4.sce   | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.5/Example10_5.sce   | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.6/Example10_6.sce   | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.7/Example10_7.sce   | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.8/Example10_8.sce   | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH10/EX10.9/Example10_9.sce   | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH11/EX11.1/Example11_1.sce   | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH11/EX11.2/Example11_2.sce   | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH11/EX11.3/Example11_3.sce   | 41 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH11/EX11.4/Example11_4.sce   | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH11/EX11.5/Example11_5.sce   | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH11/EX11.6/Example11_6.sce   | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH11/EX11.7/Example11_7.sce   | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH11/EX11.8/Example11_8.sce   | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH12/EX12.1/Example12_1.sce   | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH12/EX12.2/Example12_2.sce   | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH12/EX12.3/Example12_3.sce   | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH12/EX12.4/Example12_4.sce   | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH13/EX13.1/Example13_1.sce   | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH13/EX13.2/Example13_2.sce   | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH13/EX13.4/Example13_4.sce   | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH13/EX13.5/Example13_5.sce   | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH13/EX13.6/Example13_6.sce   | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH13/EX13.7/Example13_7.sce   | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH2/EX2.1/Example2_1.sce      | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH2/EX2.2/Example2_2.sce      | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH2/EX2.3/Example2_3.sce      | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH3/EX3.1/Example3_1.sce      | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH3/EX3.2/Example3_2.sce      | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH4/EX4.1/Example4_1.sce      | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH4/EX4.2/Example4_2.sce      | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH4/EX4.3/Example4_3.sce      | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH5/EX5.1/Example5_1.sce      | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce      | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH5/EX5.3/Example5_3.sce      | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce      | 13 +++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.10/Example6_10.sce    | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.11/Example6_11.sce    | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.12/Example6_12.sce    | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.13/Example6_13.sce    | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.14/Example6_14.sce    | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.15/Example6_15.sce    | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.16/Example6_16.sce    | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.17/Example6_17.sce    | 13 +++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.18/Example6_18.sce    | 13 +++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.19/Example6_19.sce    | 13 +++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.2/Example6_2.sce      | 11 ++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.20/Example6_20.sce    | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.3/Example6_3.sce      | 39 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.4/Example6_4.sce      | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.5/Example6_5.sce      | 35 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.6/Example6_6.sce      | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.7/Example6_7.sce      | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.8/Example6_8.sce      | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH6/EX6.9/Example6_9.sce      | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.1/Example8_1.sce      | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.10/Example8_10.sce    | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.11/Example8_11.sce    | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.12/Example8_12.sce    | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.13/Example8_13.sce    | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.14/Example8_14.sce    | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.15/Example8_15.sce    | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.16/Example8_16.sce    | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.17/Example8_17.sce    | 23 +++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.18/Example8_18.sce    | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.2/Example8_2.sce      | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.3/Example8_3.sce      | 17 ++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.4/Example8_4.sce      | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.5/Example8_5.sce      | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.6/Example8_6.sce      | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.7/Example8_7.sce      | 33 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.8/Example8_8.sce      | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH8/EX8.9/Example8_9.sce      | 13 +++++++++++
 1026/CH9/EX9.1/Example9_1.sce      | 27 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH9/EX9.2/Example9_2.sce      | 15 +++++++++++++
 1026/CH9/EX9.3/Example9_3.sce      | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH9/EX9.4/Example9_4.sce      | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH9/EX9.5/Example9_5.sce      | 19 ++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH9/EX9.6/Example9_6.sce      | 13 +++++++++++
 1026/CH9/EX9.7/Example9_7.sce      | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH9/EX9.8/Example9_8.sce      | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++
 1026/CH9/EX9.9/Example9_9.sce      | 21 ++++++++++++++++++
 91 files changed, 2095 insertions(+)
 create mode 100755 1026/CH1/EX1.1/Example1_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH1/EX1.2/Example1_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.1/Example10_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.10/Example10_10.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.11/Example10_11.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.12/Example10_12.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.13/Example10_13.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.2/Example10_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.3/Example10_3.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.4/Example10_4.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.5/Example10_5.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.6/Example10_6.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.7/Example10_7.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.8/Example10_8.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH10/EX10.9/Example10_9.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH11/EX11.1/Example11_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH11/EX11.2/Example11_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH11/EX11.3/Example11_3.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH11/EX11.4/Example11_4.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH11/EX11.5/Example11_5.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH11/EX11.6/Example11_6.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH11/EX11.7/Example11_7.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH11/EX11.8/Example11_8.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH12/EX12.1/Example12_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH12/EX12.2/Example12_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH12/EX12.3/Example12_3.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH12/EX12.4/Example12_4.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH13/EX13.1/Example13_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH13/EX13.2/Example13_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH13/EX13.4/Example13_4.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH13/EX13.5/Example13_5.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH13/EX13.6/Example13_6.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH13/EX13.7/Example13_7.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH2/EX2.1/Example2_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH2/EX2.2/Example2_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH2/EX2.3/Example2_3.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH3/EX3.1/Example3_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH3/EX3.2/Example3_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH4/EX4.1/Example4_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH4/EX4.2/Example4_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH4/EX4.3/Example4_3.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH5/EX5.1/Example5_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH5/EX5.3/Example5_3.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.10/Example6_10.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.11/Example6_11.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.12/Example6_12.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.13/Example6_13.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.14/Example6_14.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.15/Example6_15.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.16/Example6_16.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.17/Example6_17.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.18/Example6_18.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.19/Example6_19.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.2/Example6_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.20/Example6_20.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.3/Example6_3.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.4/Example6_4.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.5/Example6_5.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.6/Example6_6.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.7/Example6_7.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.8/Example6_8.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH6/EX6.9/Example6_9.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.1/Example8_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.10/Example8_10.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.11/Example8_11.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.12/Example8_12.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.13/Example8_13.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.14/Example8_14.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.15/Example8_15.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.16/Example8_16.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.17/Example8_17.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.18/Example8_18.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.2/Example8_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.3/Example8_3.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.4/Example8_4.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.5/Example8_5.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.6/Example8_6.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.7/Example8_7.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.8/Example8_8.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH8/EX8.9/Example8_9.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH9/EX9.1/Example9_1.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH9/EX9.2/Example9_2.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH9/EX9.3/Example9_3.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH9/EX9.4/Example9_4.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH9/EX9.5/Example9_5.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH9/EX9.6/Example9_6.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH9/EX9.7/Example9_7.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH9/EX9.8/Example9_8.sce
 create mode 100755 1026/CH9/EX9.9/Example9_9.sce

(limited to '1026')

diff --git a/1026/CH1/EX1.1/Example1_1.sce b/1026/CH1/EX1.1/Example1_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5c261ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH1/EX1.1/Example1_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter-1,Example1_1,pg 40
+
+n=4
+
+M=65.34
+
+N=6.023*10^23
+
+d111=2.08*10^-8//interplannar spacing
+
+a=d111*sqrt((1^2)+(1^2)+(1^2))
+
+D=(n*M)/(N*(a^3))
+
+printf("density of Cu-metal\n")
+
+printf("D=%.2f g/cc",D)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH1/EX1.2/Example1_2.sce b/1026/CH1/EX1.2/Example1_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aedb3cb4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH1/EX1.2/Example1_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//chapter-1,Example1_2,pg 40
+
+//miller plane 231
+
+a=1.2*10^-10
+
+b=1.8*10^-10
+
+c=2*10^-10//primitives of crystal
+
+//intercepts of ABC plane
+
+a1=a/2
+
+b1=b/3
+
+c1=c/1
+
+//intercept of ABC plane along X-axis =0.6*10^-10
+
+//ABC is not the reqd. plane
+
+//intercept of DEF plane parallel to ABC
+
+a2=a
+
+b2=(2*b)/3
+
+c2=2*c
+
+//miller indices for DEF
+
+//1:(3/2):(1/2)
+
+printf("intercept of DEF plane\n")
+
+printf("along x-axis=%.11f\n",a2)
+
+printf("along y-axis=%.11f\n",b2)
+
+printf("\nalong z-axis=%.11f",c2)
+
+printf("\nDEF is the reqd. plane")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.1/Example10_1.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.1/Example10_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a67e9283b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.1/Example10_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_1,pg 270
+
+L=1.33*10^-22
+
+B=0.025
+
+m=6.68*10^-27
+
+q=3.2*10^-19
+
+w=(B*q)/m
+
+E=0.5*L*w//E=0.5I(w^2),Iw=L
+
+E=E/(1.6*10^-19)//converting into ev
+
+printf("KE of particle\n")
+
+printf("E=%.2f ev",E)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.10/Example10_10.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.10/Example10_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d2e524de9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.10/Example10_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_10,pg 275
+
+//F=mg=qE
+
+E=250
+
+R=10^-8
+
+rho=10^3//density
+
+m=(4/3)*%pi*(R^3)*rho//m=volume*density
+
+W=m*9.8//weight of drop(mg)
+
+q=W/E
+
+printf("charge on water drop\n")
+
+disp(q)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.11/Example10_11.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.11/Example10_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7fc2e2713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.11/Example10_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_11,pg 275
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+v=5*10^5
+
+B=0.3
+
+N=6.025*10^26
+
+M72=72/N
+
+R72=(M72*v)/(B*e)
+
+M74=74
+
+R74=(R72/72)*M74
+
+S=2*(R74-R72)//linear separation of two line
+
+printf("linear separation of two line\n")
+
+printf("S=%.2f m",S)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.12/Example10_12.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.12/Example10_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f97d99025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.12/Example10_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_12,pg 276
+
+l=5*10^-2
+
+d=0.3//distance of screen from end of mag. field
+
+D=d+(l/2)
+
+y=0.01
+
+m=9.1*10^-31
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+Va=1000
+
+B=(y/(D*l))*sqrt((2*m*Va)/e)
+
+printf("flux density\n")
+
+printf("B=%.8f Wb/m2",B)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.13/Example10_13.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.13/Example10_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..912e85bac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.13/Example10_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_13,pg 276
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+Va=150
+
+m=9.1*10^-31
+
+vx=sqrt((2*e*Va)/m)
+
+V=20
+
+d=10^-2
+
+ay=(e/m)*(V/d)
+
+l=10*10^-2
+
+vy=ay*(l/vx)
+
+theta=atan(vy/vx)
+
+theta=theta*(180/%pi)//converting into degree
+
+theta=theta*(%pi/180)//converting into radian
+
+Y=D*tan(theta)
+
+S=(Y/V)
+
+printf("velocity of electron reaching field vx=%.2f m/sec\n",vx)
+
+printf("\nacceleration due to electric field ay=%.2f m/sec2\n",ay)
+
+printf("\nfinal velocity attained by deflecting field vy=%.2f m/sec\n",vy)
+
+printf("\nangle of deflection theta=%.2f deg.\n",theta)
+
+printf("\ndeflection on screen Y=%.2f m\n",Y)
+
+printf("\ndeflection senstivity S=%.2f m/volt\n",S)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.2/Example10_2.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.2/Example10_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6260afb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.2/Example10_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_2,pg 271
+
+R=0.35
+
+n=1.38*10^7
+
+m=1.67*10^-27
+
+q=1.6*10^-19
+
+B=(2*%pi*n*m)/q
+
+E=((B^2)*(q^2)*(R^2))/(2*m)
+
+E=E/q
+
+printf("magnetic field induction\n")
+
+printf("B=%.2f wb/m2",B)
+
+printf("\nmaximum energy of proton\n")
+
+printf("E=%.2f ev",E)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.3/Example10_3.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.3/Example10_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b178078d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.3/Example10_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_3,pg 271
+
+m=9.1*10^-31
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+//due to potential difference V, electron is accelerated
+
+//eV=0.5*m*(v^2)
+
+//due to transverse magnetic field B electron moves in circular path of radius R
+
+//(m*(v^2))/R=BeV
+
+B=1.19*10^-3
+
+V=1000
+
+v=sqrt((2*e*V)/m)
+
+R=(m*v)/(B*e)
+
+L=m*v*R
+
+printf("radius of electron trajectory\n")
+
+printf("R=%.2f m",R)
+
+printf("\nangular momentum of electron\n")
+
+disp(L)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.4/Example10_4.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.4/Example10_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3faf84579
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.4/Example10_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_4,pg 272
+
+vx=1.7*10^7
+
+Ey=3.4*10^4
+
+x=3*10^-2
+
+t=x/vx
+
+//y=0.5*ay*(t^2)
+
+ay=(e*Ey)/m
+
+y=0.5*ay*(t^2)
+
+Bz=Ey/vx
+
+printf("verical displacement of electron \n")
+
+printf("y=%.2f m",y)
+
+printf("\nmagnitude of magnetic field\n")
+
+printf("B=%.4f wb/m2",B)
+
+printf("\ndirection of field is upward as Ey is downward")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.5/Example10_5.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.5/Example10_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..840591a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.5/Example10_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_5,pg 272
+
+m=1.67*10^-27
+
+q=1.6*10^-19
+
+B=0.5
+
+n=((B*q)/(2*%pi*m))
+
+R=1
+
+E=((B^2)*(q^2)*(R^2))/(2*m)
+
+E=E/(1.6*10^-19)
+
+printf("frequency of oscillation voltage\n")
+
+printf("n=%.2f Hz",n)
+
+printf("\nmaximum energy of proton\n")
+
+printf("E=%.2f ev",E)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.6/Example10_6.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.6/Example10_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..45f3c9c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.6/Example10_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_6,pg 273
+
+q=3.2*10^-19
+
+m=6.68*10^-27
+
+B=1.5
+
+v=7.263*10^6
+
+F=B*q*v
+
+printf("force on particle\n")
+
+disp(F)
+
+T=(2*%pi*m)/(B*q)
+
+n=1/T
+
+printf("\nperiodic time\n")
+
+disp(T)
+
+printf("\nresonance frequency\n")
+
+printf("n=%.2f Hz",n)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.7/Example10_7.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.7/Example10_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cfb18230d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.7/Example10_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_7,pg 273
+
+n=1.2*10^7
+
+mp=1.67*10^-27
+
+qp=1.6*10^-19
+
+Bp=(2*%pi*mp*n)/qp
+
+R=0.5
+
+Ep=((Bp^2)*(qp^2)*(R^2))/(2*mp)
+
+Ep=Ep/qp
+
+malp=6.68*10^-27
+
+qalp=2*1.6*10^-19
+
+Balp=(2*%pi*malp*n)/qalp
+
+Ealp=((Balp^2)*(qalp^2)*(R^2))/(2*malp)
+
+Ealp=Ealp/qp
+
+printf("flux density for proton\n")
+
+printf("Bp=%.2f Wb/m2",Bp)
+
+printf("\nflux density for alpha particle\n")
+
+printf("Balp=%.2f Wb/m2",Balp)
+
+printf("\nenergy of proton\n")
+
+printf("Ep=%.2f ev",Ep)
+
+printf("\nenergy of alpha particle\n") 
+
+printf("Ealp=%.2f ev",Ealp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.8/Example10_8.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.8/Example10_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6827e284e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.8/Example10_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_8,pg 274
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+me=9.1*10^-31//mass of electron
+
+q=3.2*10^-19
+
+malp=6.68*10^-27//mass of alpha particle
+
+B=0.05
+
+V=20*10^3
+
+//v=sqrt((2*q*V)/m)
+
+//R=(1/B)*sqrt((2*m*V)/q)
+
+Re=(1/B)*sqrt((2*me*V)/e)
+
+Ralp=(1/B)*sqrt((2*malp*V)/q)
+
+S=2*Ralp-2*Re//linear separation between two particles on common boundary wall
+
+printf("linear separation between two particles on common boundary wall\n")
+
+printf("S=%.2f m",S)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH10/EX10.9/Example10_9.sce b/1026/CH10/EX10.9/Example10_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2e98fa26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH10/EX10.9/Example10_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter10,Example10_9,pg 274
+
+V1=200
+
+//electrostatic focusing condition
+
+//(sini/sinr)=(v2/v1)=sqrt(V2/V1)
+
+//0.5mv2=eV
+
+i=60*(%pi/180)//converting into radian
+
+r=45*(%pi/180)//converting into radian
+
+V2=200*((sin(i)/sin(r))^2)
+
+pd=V2-V1//potential difference
+
+printf("potential difference between two region\n")
+
+printf("\npd=%.2f Volts",pd)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH11/EX11.1/Example11_1.sce b/1026/CH11/EX11.1/Example11_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..84d84455b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH11/EX11.1/Example11_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter11,Example11_1,pg 298
+
+me=9.1*10^-31//masss of electron
+
+h=6.62*10^-34//planck's const.
+
+delx=10^-8//uncertainity in position
+
+delp=(h/(2*%pi*delx))//uncertainity principle
+
+delv=(delp/me)//uncertainity in velocity
+
+printf("uncertainity in velocity\n")
+
+printf("delv=%.2f m/sec",delv)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH11/EX11.2/Example11_2.sce b/1026/CH11/EX11.2/Example11_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..22cdc3d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH11/EX11.2/Example11_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter11,Example11_2,pg 298
+
+lam=0.2865*10^-10//wavelength
+
+mp=1.67*10^-27//mass of proton
+
+h=6.625*10^-34
+
+v=(h/(mp*lam))//debroglie's equation
+
+KE=0.5*mp*(v^2)//kinetic energy of proton(J)
+
+KE=KE/(1.6*10^-19)//converting into ev
+
+printf("kinetic energy of proton\n")
+
+printf("KE=%.2f ev",KE)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH11/EX11.3/Example11_3.sce b/1026/CH11/EX11.3/Example11_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe7d552a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH11/EX11.3/Example11_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+//chapter11,Example11_3,pg 299
+
+KEnu=0.025*1.6*10^-19//kinetic energy of neutron
+
+mn=1.676*10^-27//mass of neutron
+
+v=sqrt((2*KEnu)/mn)
+
+h=6.626*10^-34
+
+lamn=h/(mn*v)//debroglie wavelength of neutron 
+
+printf("wavelength of beam of neutron\n")
+
+printf("lamn=%.12f m",lamn)
+
+p=(h/lamn)
+
+printf("\nmomentum of electron and photon\n")
+
+printf("p=%.26f kgm/sec",p)
+
+me=9.1*10^-31//mass of electron
+
+ve=(p/me)//velocity of electron
+
+Ee=0.5*p*ve//energy of electron
+
+Ee=Ee/(1.6*10^-19)//convering into ev
+
+printf("\nenergy of electron\n")
+
+printf("Ee=%.2f ev",Ee)
+
+Ep=(h*3*10^8)/lamn//energy of photon
+
+Ep=Ep/(1.6*10^-19)
+
+printf("\nenergy of photon\n")
+
+printf("Ep=%.2f ev",Ep)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH11/EX11.4/Example11_4.sce b/1026/CH11/EX11.4/Example11_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cbdd741b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH11/EX11.4/Example11_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter11,Example11_4,pg 300
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+V=200
+
+lam=0.0202*10^-10//debroglie wavelength
+
+h=6.625*10^-34
+
+//eV=0.5*m*(v^2)
+
+//mv=sqrt(2*m*eV)
+
+m=((h^2)/(2*(lam^2)*e*V))//mass of particle
+
+printf("mass of particle\n")
+
+disp(m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH11/EX11.5/Example11_5.sce b/1026/CH11/EX11.5/Example11_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4f1c540e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH11/EX11.5/Example11_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter11,Example11_5,pg 300
+
+mn=1.676*10^-27//mass of neutron
+
+h=6.625*10^-34
+
+En=1.6*10^-19//energy of neutron
+
+v=sqrt((2*En)/mn)
+
+lam=(h/(mn*v))//de-broglie wavelength
+
+printf("de-broglie wavelength\n")
+
+disp(lam)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH11/EX11.6/Example11_6.sce b/1026/CH11/EX11.6/Example11_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05f3e03b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH11/EX11.6/Example11_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//chapter11,Example11_6,pg 300
+
+//acc. to uncertainity principle
+
+//delx*delp >= (h/2*%pi)
+
+rad=10^-14
+
+delx=2*rad
+
+h=6.625*10^-34
+
+delp=(h/(2*%pi*delx))
+
+//from einstein's relavistic relation
+
+//E=mc2=KE+rest mass energy=0.5mv2+moc2
+
+//when velocity of particle is very high
+
+//m=(mo/sqrt(1-((v/c)^2)))
+
+//m-mass of particle with velocity v
+
+//mo-rest mass of particle
+
+//c-velocity of particle
+
+p=delp//assume
+
+c=3*10^8
+
+mo=9.1*10^-31
+
+E=sqrt(((p*c)^2)+((mo*(c^2))^2))
+
+E=E/(1.6*10^-19)
+
+printf("E=%.2f ev",E)
+
+printf("\nthis value is much higher than experimentally obtained values of energy of electron\n")
+
+printf("of a radioactive nuclei i.e 4 Mev this proves that electron cannot reside within nucleus")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH11/EX11.7/Example11_7.sce b/1026/CH11/EX11.7/Example11_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ae94f249a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH11/EX11.7/Example11_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter11,Example11_7,pg 302
+
+m1=60*10^-9
+
+v1=80
+
+p1=m1*v1
+
+h=6.625*10^-34
+
+lam1=h/p1//de-broglie wavelength case-1
+
+m2=8*10^-27
+
+v2=1.3
+
+p2=m2*v2
+
+lam2=h/p2//de-broglie wavelength case-2
+
+printf("de-broglie wavelength for case-1\n")
+
+disp(lam1)
+
+printf("\nde-broglie wavelength for case-2\n")
+
+disp(lam2)
+
+printf("\nfrom case-1 it is clear that for normal particles de-broglie wavelength is not visible it is very small")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH11/EX11.8/Example11_8.sce b/1026/CH11/EX11.8/Example11_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..83b59c534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH11/EX11.8/Example11_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//chapter11,Example11_8,pg 302
+
+h=6.634*10^-34
+
+c=3*10^8
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+m=9.1*10^-31
+
+Ep=100*10^3*e//energy of photon
+
+lamp=((h*c)/Ep)//wavelength of photon
+
+lame=lamp//wavelength of electron
+
+v=h/(m*lame)
+
+KEe=0.5*m*(v^2)//kinetic energy of electron
+
+KEe=KEe/(1.6*10^-19)
+
+printf("kinetic energy of electron\n")
+
+printf("KEe=%.2f ev",KEe)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH12/EX12.1/Example12_1.sce b/1026/CH12/EX12.1/Example12_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..08cbacac9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH12/EX12.1/Example12_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//chapter12,Example12_1,pg 357
+
+n1=1.53//refractive index
+
+n2=1.5
+
+lam=1*10^-6//wavelength
+
+a=50*10^-6
+
+NA=sqrt((n1^2)-(n2^2))
+
+V=((2*%pi*a)*NA)/lam
+
+printf("normalised frequency\n")
+
+printf("V=%.2f ",V)
+
+M=(V^2)/2
+
+printf("\ntotal no. of guided mode\n")
+
+printf("M=%.2f",M)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH12/EX12.2/Example12_2.sce b/1026/CH12/EX12.2/Example12_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a9d5983f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH12/EX12.2/Example12_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter12,Example12_2,pg 357
+
+lam=1*10^-6//wavelength
+
+n1=1.53
+
+n2=1.5
+
+NA=sqrt((n1^2)-(n2^2))
+
+a=(2.405*lam)/(2*%pi*NA)
+
+printf("core radius\n")
+
+printf("a=%.8f m",a)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH12/EX12.3/Example12_3.sce b/1026/CH12/EX12.3/Example12_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a42c3e83c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH12/EX12.3/Example12_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter12,Example12_3,pg 357
+
+NA=0.5
+
+n1=1.54
+
+n2=sqrt((n1^2)-(NA^2))
+
+printf("refractive index of cladding\n")
+
+printf("n2=%.2f ",n2)
+
+n=(n1-n2)/n1//relative change in refractive index of core
+
+printf("\nrelative change refractive index of core\n")
+
+printf("n=%.2f ",n)
diff --git a/1026/CH12/EX12.4/Example12_4.sce b/1026/CH12/EX12.4/Example12_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15394b334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH12/EX12.4/Example12_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter12,Example12_4,pg 358
+
+NA=0.5
+
+n1=1.48
+
+n2=sqrt((n1^2)-(NA^2))
+
+printf("refractive index of cladding\n")
+
+printf("n2=%.2f ",n2)
+
+alpha=asin(NA)
+
+alpha=alpha*(180/%pi)
+
+printf("\nacceptance angle\n")
+
+printf("alpha=%.2f deg",alpha)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH13/EX13.1/Example13_1.sce b/1026/CH13/EX13.1/Example13_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..010ef312c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH13/EX13.1/Example13_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//chapter13,Example13_1,pg 391
+
+//xMy -> x-mass no., M-element, y-atomic no.
+
+M7Li3=7.018232//mass of 7li3 (amu)
+
+Malpha=4.003874//mass of alpha particle (amu)
+
+Mpr=1.008145//mass of proton (amu)
+
+//reaction:- 7li3 + 1H1-> 4He2 + 4He2
+
+delM=M7Li3+Mpr-2*Malpha//mass defect
+
+Q=delM*931//1 amu= 931 Mev
+
+Ey=9.15//K.E energy of product nucleus
+
+Ex=2*Ey-Q//K.E of incident particle
+
+printf("kinetic energy of incident proton\n")
+
+printf("Ex=%.2f Mev",Ex)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH13/EX13.2/Example13_2.sce b/1026/CH13/EX13.2/Example13_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b8f3bc3ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH13/EX13.2/Example13_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter13,Example13_2,pg 391
+
+M235U=235//at.mass of 235U
+
+m=10^-3
+
+N=6.023*10^23
+
+Eperfi=200*10^6//energy per fission
+
+E=Eperfi*1.6*10^-19//energy per fission (in joules)
+
+T=10^-6
+
+A=M235U
+
+P=((m*N)/A)*(E/T)//power output
+
+printf("power of explosion\n")
+
+printf("P=%.2f watt",P)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH13/EX13.4/Example13_4.sce b/1026/CH13/EX13.4/Example13_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7890b1555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH13/EX13.4/Example13_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter13,Example13_4,pg 392
+
+n=0.4//efficiency
+
+N=6.023*10^23
+
+Eperfi=200*10^6//energy per fission
+
+E=Eperfi*1.6*10^-19
+
+P=100*10^6
+
+A=235
+
+T=24*60*60
+
+m=(P*A*T)/(n*N*E)
+
+printf("mass of 235U consumed/day\n")
+
+printf("m=%.2f gm",m)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH13/EX13.5/Example13_5.sce b/1026/CH13/EX13.5/Example13_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..425b03dfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH13/EX13.5/Example13_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//chapter13,Example13_5,pg 392
+
+M2H1=2.01474
+
+M3H1=3.01700
+
+M1n0=1.008986
+
+M4He2=4.003880
+
+//thermonuclear reaction in hydrogen bomb explosion 
+
+//2H1 + 3H1 -> 4He2 + 1n0
+
+Mreac=M2H1+M3H1//mass of reactants
+
+Mprod=M4He2+M1n0//mass of products
+
+Q=Mreac-Mprod
+
+Q=Q*931//converting in Mev
+
+printf("energy/reaction\n")
+
+printf("Q=%.2f Mev",Q)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH13/EX13.6/Example13_6.sce b/1026/CH13/EX13.6/Example13_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7344e27e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH13/EX13.6/Example13_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter13,Example13_6,pg 393
+
+M7Li3=7.01818
+
+M1H1=1.0081
+
+M1n0=1.009
+
+BEpernu=(1/7)*((3*M1H1)+(4*M1n0)-M7Li3)//binding energy per nucleon
+
+BEpernu=BEpernu*931//converting in Mev
+
+printf("binding energy per nucleon\n")
+
+printf("BE=%.2f Mev",BEpernu)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH13/EX13.7/Example13_7.sce b/1026/CH13/EX13.7/Example13_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..857db46b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH13/EX13.7/Example13_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter13,Example13_7,pg 394
+
+m=10*10^3
+
+N=6.023*10^23
+
+Eperfi=200*10^6//energy per fission
+
+E=Eperfi*1.6*10^-19//energy in joules
+
+A=235
+
+T=24*60*60
+
+P=((m*N)/A)*(E/T)
+
+printf("power output\n")
+
+printf("P=%.2f watt",P)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH2/EX2.1/Example2_1.sce b/1026/CH2/EX2.1/Example2_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..02367156d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH2/EX2.1/Example2_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter-2,Example2_1,pg 54
+
+Tn=285
+
+Tc1=20
+
+Ti1=(2*Tn)-Tc1
+
+Tc2=-20
+
+Ti2=(2*Tn)-Tc2
+
+printf("higher temperature\n")
+
+printf("Ti1=%.f deg. C",Ti1)
+
+printf("\ntemperature of inversion\n")
+
+printf("Ti2=%.f deg. C",Ti2)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH2/EX2.2/Example2_2.sce b/1026/CH2/EX2.2/Example2_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..555fcab23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH2/EX2.2/Example2_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//chapter-2,Example2_2,pg 54
+
+aFe=16.65
+
+aAg=2.86
+
+bFe=-0.095
+
+bAg=0.017
+
+aFe_Ag=aFe-aAg
+
+bFe_Ag=bFe-bAg
+
+a=aFe_Ag
+
+b=bFe_Ag
+
+Tn=-(a/b)
+
+t=100
+
+EFe_Ag=(a*t)+0.5*(b*(t^2))
+
+printf("neutral temp. of Fe-Ag thermocouple\n")
+
+printf("Tn=%.3f deg. C",Tn)
+
+printf("\nthermo e.m.f of thermocouple\n")
+
+printf("EFe_Ag=%.f volts",EFe_Ag)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH2/EX2.3/Example2_3.sce b/1026/CH2/EX2.3/Example2_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b6cee3b97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH2/EX2.3/Example2_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter-2,Example2_3,pg 54
+
+//P=(dE/dt)Fe=a+b*t=1734-4.87*t
+
+//P=(dE/dt)Cu=a+b*t=136+0.95*t
+
+aFe_Pb=1734*10^-6
+
+aFe_Cu=(1734-136)*10^-6
+
+aCu_Pb=136*10^-6
+
+bFe_Pb=-4.87*10^-6
+
+bFe_Cu=(-4.87-0.95)*10^-6
+
+bCu_Pb=0.95*10^-6
+
+a=aFe_Cu
+
+b=bFe_Cu
+
+t=100
+
+EFe_Cu=(a*t)+0.5*(b*(t^2))
+
+printf("e.m.f of termocouple\n")
+
+printf("EFe_Cu=%.4f Volt",EFe_Cu)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH3/EX3.1/Example3_1.sce b/1026/CH3/EX3.1/Example3_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..faed1919f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH3/EX3.1/Example3_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter-3,Example3_1,pg 67
+
+S=2*10^-6
+
+T=2000
+
+A=60.2*10^4
+
+b=52400//Q/K
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+I=A*S*(T^2)*(%e^(-(b/T)))
+
+J=A*(T^2)*(%e^(-(b/T)))
+
+no=J/e
+
+printf("maximum obtainable electronic emission current\n")
+
+disp(I)
+
+printf("\nemission current density\n")
+
+printf("J=%.3f A/m2",J)
+
+printf("\nno. of electrons emitted per unit area per sec.\n")
+
+disp(no)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH3/EX3.2/Example3_2.sce b/1026/CH3/EX3.2/Example3_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ecffed89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH3/EX3.2/Example3_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter-3,Example3_2,pg 67
+
+Ip1=20*10^-3
+
+Ip2=30*10^-3
+
+Vp1=80
+
+//Ip=K*(Vp^(3/2))
+
+Vp2=((((Vp1)^(3/2))*Ip2)/Ip1)^(2/3)
+
+printf("plate voltage for 30mA current\n")
+
+printf("Vp2=%.2f volts",Vp2)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH4/EX4.1/Example4_1.sce b/1026/CH4/EX4.1/Example4_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a26729e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH4/EX4.1/Example4_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter4,Example4_1,pg 84
+
+V1=343
+
+//S=V1*t1
+
+V2=1372
+
+//S=V2*t2
+
+dt=3//time difference
+
+S=((V1*V2)*(dt))/(V2-V1)
+
+printf("distance between two ships\n")
+
+printf("S=%.f m",S)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH4/EX4.2/Example4_2.sce b/1026/CH4/EX4.2/Example4_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..540a1b7d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH4/EX4.2/Example4_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter4,Example4_2,pg 84
+
+V=1700
+
+t=0.65
+
+d=(V*t)/2
+
+n=0.07*10^6
+
+lam=V/n
+
+printf("depth of sea\n")
+
+printf("d=%.1f m",d)
+
+printf("\nwavelength of pulse\n")
+
+printf("lam=%.4f m",lam)
diff --git a/1026/CH4/EX4.3/Example4_3.sce b/1026/CH4/EX4.3/Example4_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3447edc1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH4/EX4.3/Example4_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter4,Example4_3,pg 84
+
+P=1
+
+l=40*10^-3
+
+E=115*10^9
+
+D=7.25*10^3
+
+n=(P/(2*l))*sqrt(E/D)
+
+printf("natural frequency\n")
+
+printf("n=%.2f Hz",n)
+
+printf("\nfrequency of rod is more than audible range, rod cannot be used in magnetostriction oscillator\n")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH5/EX5.1/Example5_1.sce b/1026/CH5/EX5.1/Example5_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2eeb72cd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH5/EX5.1/Example5_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter5,Example5_1,pg 97
+
+T1=1.5
+
+T2=1
+
+A=20
+
+V=10*8*6
+
+a=((0.161*V)/(2*A))*((1/T2)-(1/T1))
+
+printf("absorption coefficient\n")
+
+printf("a=%.3f Sabines",a)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce b/1026/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..be7b20a5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH5/EX5.2/Example5_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter5,Example5_2,pg 97
+
+V=3000
+
+T1=3.5//reverberation time
+
+A=(0.161*V)/T1
+
+l=20
+
+b=15
+
+h=10
+
+S=2*((l*b)+(b*h)+(h*l))
+
+sum_a=A/S
+
+am=0.5
+
+a=0.106
+
+T2=2.5//reverberation time after cloth use
+
+S1=(((0.161*V)/(am-a))*((1/T2)-(1/T1)))
+
+printf("area of wall covered by curtain cloth\n")
+
+printf("S1=%.3f sq.m",S1)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH5/EX5.3/Example5_3.sce b/1026/CH5/EX5.3/Example5_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b7435d22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH5/EX5.3/Example5_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//chapter5,Example5_3,pg 98
+
+V=1450
+
+A1=112*0.03//absorption due to plastered wall
+
+A2=130*0.06//absorption due to wooden floor
+
+A3=170*0.04//absorption due to plastd. celing
+
+A4=20*0.06//absorption due to wooden door
+
+A5=100*1//absorption due to cushioned chairs
+
+sum_as=A1+A2+A3+A4+A5
+
+T1=(0.161*V)/sum_as//reverberation time case-1
+
+T2=(0.161*V)/(sum_as+(60*4.7))//persons=60,A=4.7  case-2
+
+T3=(0.161*V)/(sum_as+(100*4.7))//seat cushioned=100 rev. case-3
+
+printf("rev. time for case-1\n")
+
+printf("T1=%.3f sec",T1)
+
+printf("\nrev. time for case-2\n")
+
+printf("T2=%.3f sec",T2)
+
+printf("\nrev. time for case-3\n")
+
+printf("T3=%.3f sec",T3)
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b9eb9abc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.1/Example6_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_1,pg 121
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+V=1000
+
+m=9.1*10^-31
+
+v=sqrt((2*e*V)/m)
+
+printf("final velocity of electron\n")
+
+printf("v=%.f m/sec",v)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.10/Example6_10.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.10/Example6_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3e1dbd62b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.10/Example6_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_10,pg 124
+
+Rhp=3.66*10^-4
+
+rho=8.93*10^-3
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+p=1/(Rhp*e)
+
+Uhp=Rhp/rho
+
+Bz=0.5
+
+theta=atan(Uhp*Bz)
+
+theta=theta*(180/%pi)
+
+printf("density of charge carrier\n")
+
+disp(p)
+
+printf("\nhall angle\n")
+
+printf("theta=%.2f deg.",theta)
+
+printf("\nhall mobility\n")
+
+printf("Uhp=%.4f m2/VS",Uhp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.11/Example6_11.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.11/Example6_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5f497ebcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.11/Example6_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_11,pg 124
+
+ni=2.5*10^13
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+un=3900
+
+up=1900
+
+sigin=ni*e*(un+up)//intrinsic conductivity
+
+//1 donor atom/10^8 Ge atom dropped
+
+rhoGe=4.42*10^22//no. of Ge atom/cc
+
+Nd=rhoGe/10^8
+
+sigex=Nd*e*un//extrinsic conductivity
+
+printf("extrinsic conductivity\n")
+
+printf("sigex=%.4f ohm cm",sigex)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.12/Example6_12.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.12/Example6_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..361911fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.12/Example6_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_12,pg 124
+
+//permeability of electron to be in C.B=F(Ec)
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+Eg=5.6
+
+Ef=Eg/2
+
+Ec=Eg
+
+K=1.38*10^-23
+
+T=27+273//converting in Kelvin
+
+KT=K*T
+
+KT=KT/e
+
+//e^(Ec-Ef/KT)>>1
+
+Fermi_F=e^((Ef-Ec)/KT)//fermi factor
+
+printf("probability of electron on CB\n")
+
+disp(Fermi_F)
+
+printf("\nit is infinite in negative direction for an insulator like diamond, so diamond cannot take part in conduction")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.13/Example6_13.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.13/Example6_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..13d17c3bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.13/Example6_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_13,pg 125
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+n=7*10^21
+
+ue=0.39
+
+V=10^-3
+
+A=10^-6
+
+L=10*10^-3
+
+I=(n*e*ue*V*A)/L
+
+Rhe=-(1/(n*e))
+
+Bz=0.2
+
+d=10^-3
+
+Vhe=(Rhe*I*Bz)/d
+
+printf("current through bar I=%.7f A\n",I)
+
+printf("\nhall coeff. Rhe=%.6f m3/c\n",Rhe)
+
+printf("\nhall voltage Vhe=%.8f volt\n",Vhe)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.14/Example6_14.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.14/Example6_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d45c6d4f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.14/Example6_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_14,pg 136
+
+J2=0.2*10^-6
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+V=0.1
+
+K=1.38*10^-23
+
+T=300
+
+J=J2*(e^((e*V)/(K*T)))//as e^((e*v)/KT)>>1
+
+printf("forward bias current flow\n")
+
+disp(J)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.15/Example6_15.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.15/Example6_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..94b279aef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.15/Example6_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_15,pg 148
+
+V1=1.4
+
+I1=60*10^-3
+
+V2=1.5
+
+I2=85*10^-3
+
+Rs1=V1/I1
+
+Rs2=V2/I2
+
+dV=V2-V1
+
+dI=I2-I1
+
+Rd=dV/dI
+
+printf("static resistance\n")
+
+printf("Rs1=%.2f ohm\n",Rs1)
+
+printf("Rs2=%.2f ohm\n",Rs2)
+
+printf("dynamic resistance\n")
+
+printf("Rd=%.2f ohm",Rd)
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.16/Example6_16.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.16/Example6_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..44da73530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.16/Example6_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_16,pg 148
+
+Ie=1*10^-3
+
+Ib=0.02*10^-3
+
+Ic=Ie-Ib
+
+B=Ic/Ib
+
+alpha=Ic/Ie
+
+printf("alpha=%.2f \n",alpha)
+
+printf("B=%.2f \n",B)
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.17/Example6_17.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.17/Example6_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..53547fe0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.17/Example6_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_17,pg 148
+
+alpha=0.99
+
+Icbo=0.5*10^-6
+
+B=alpha/(1-alpha)
+
+Iceo=(1/(1-alpha))*Icbo
+
+printf("B=%.f \n",B)
+
+printf("Iceo=%.8f A",Iceo)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.18/Example6_18.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.18/Example6_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15bd0f255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.18/Example6_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_18,pg 148
+
+delIc=2.5*10^-3
+
+delIb=40*10^-6
+
+B=delIc/delIb
+
+alpha=B/(1+B)
+
+printf("alpha=%.5f\n",alpha)
+
+printf("B=%.2f",B)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.19/Example6_19.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.19/Example6_19.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a25c278aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.19/Example6_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_19,pg 148
+
+Ie=1*10^-3
+
+Ib=0.04*10^-3
+
+Ic=Ie-Ib
+
+alpha=Ic/Ie
+
+printf("current gain\n")
+
+printf("alpha=%.2f",alpha)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.2/Example6_2.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.2/Example6_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..26309e656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.2/Example6_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_2,pg 121
+
+Jc=1
+
+sig=5.8*10^7
+
+E=(Jc)/sig
+
+printf("electric field established\n")
+
+disp(E)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.20/Example6_20.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.20/Example6_20.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c4c71bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.20/Example6_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_20,pg 149
+
+V=1.5
+
+R=10^3
+
+Ic=V/R
+
+alpha=0.96
+
+Ie=Ic/alpha
+
+Ib=Ie-Ic
+
+printf("base current\n")
+
+printf("Ib=%.6f A",Ib)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.3/Example6_3.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.3/Example6_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4bce8860e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.3/Example6_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_3,pg 121
+
+vd=1*10^-3
+
+sig=6.17*10^7
+
+ue=0.0056
+
+rhoe=-(sig/ue)
+
+Jc1=-rhoe*vd
+
+E1=(Jc1)/sig
+
+I=80
+
+A=9*10^-6
+
+Jc2=I/A
+
+E2=Jc2/sig
+
+V=0.5*10^-3
+
+d=3*10^-3
+
+E3=V/d
+
+printf("E-field due to Jc1\n")
+
+printf("E1=%.6f V/m",E1)
+
+printf("\nE-field due to Jc2\n")
+
+printf("E2=%.6f V/m",E2)
+
+printf("\nE-field due to cube\n")
+
+printf("E3=%.6f V/m",E3)
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.4/Example6_4.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.4/Example6_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..40621e5cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.4/Example6_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_4,pg 122
+
+sig=3.82*10^7
+
+L=1000*12*2.54*10^-2//converting into m
+
+r=0.4*2.54*10^-2
+
+V=1.2
+
+Jc=sig*(V/L)
+
+A=3.14*(r^2)
+
+Ic=Jc*A
+
+P=Ic*V
+
+printf("current density\n")
+
+printf("Jc=%.f A/m2",Jc)
+
+printf("\ntotal current\n")
+
+printf("Ic=%.2f A",Ic)
+
+printf("\npower dissipation\n")
+
+printf("P=%.2f watt",P)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.5/Example6_5.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.5/Example6_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0b59ce7e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.5/Example6_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_5,pg 122
+
+ni=2.5*10^19
+
+um=0.39
+
+up=0.19
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+L=6*10^-3
+
+R=120
+
+A=0.5*10^-6
+
+sigp=L/(R*A)
+
+p=sigp/(e*up)
+
+Na=p
+
+n=(ni^2)/Na
+
+sigm=n*e*um
+
+ratio=sigp/sigm
+
+printf("p-type impurity concentration\n")
+
+disp(p)
+
+printf("\nproportion of conductivity due to hole and electron\n")
+
+printf("ratio=%.f",ratio);printf(":1")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.6/Example6_6.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.6/Example6_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8b26dd474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.6/Example6_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_6,pg 123
+
+ni=2*10^19
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+up=0.17
+
+un=0.36
+
+V=2
+
+A=10^-4
+
+d=0.3*10^-3
+
+I=(ni*e*(up+un)*V*A)/d
+
+printf("current produced in Ge-plate\n")
+
+printf("I=%.4f A",I)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.7/Example6_7.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.7/Example6_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..76e6611ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.7/Example6_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_7,pg 123
+
+rho=6.3*10^4
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+up=0.14
+
+un=0.05
+
+ni=1/(rho*e*(up+un))
+
+printf("intrinsic carrier concentration\n")
+
+disp(ni)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.8/Example6_8.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.8/Example6_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a2fa7ce78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.8/Example6_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_8,pg 123
+
+L=10^-3
+
+R=1.5
+
+A=10^-6
+
+Ey=0.6
+
+w=10^-3
+
+d=10^-3
+
+I=120*10^-3
+
+Bz=0.05
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+sigp=L/(R*A)
+
+Vhp=Ey*w
+
+Rhp=(Vhp*d)/(I*Bz)
+
+Uhp=sigp*Rhp
+
+theta=atan(Uhp*Bz)
+
+theta=theta*(180/%pi)
+
+p=1/(Rhp*e)
+
+printf("hall voltage :Vhp=%.4f Volt\n",Vhp)
+
+printf("\nhall coeff. :Rhp=%.5f m3/e\n",Rhp)
+
+printf("\nhall mobility :Uhp=%.4f m2/VS\n",Uhp)
+
+printf("\nhall angle :theta=%.2f deg.\n",theta)
+
+printf("\ndensity of charge carrier\n")
+
+disp(p)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH6/EX6.9/Example6_9.sce b/1026/CH6/EX6.9/Example6_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8e8ea30d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH6/EX6.9/Example6_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter6,Example6_9,pg 123
+
+n=1.4*10^24
+
+ni=1.4*10^19
+
+Nd=n
+
+p=(ni^2)/Nd
+
+nbyp=n/p
+
+printf("electron-hole concentration ratio\n")
+
+disp(nbyp)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.1/Example8_1.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.1/Example8_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..376b2f37c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.1/Example8_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_1,pg 180
+
+alpha=0.01
+
+n=10
+
+lam=6000*10^-8
+
+u=1.5
+
+//for dark fringe 2*u*t*cos(alpha)=n*lam
+
+//t=xtan(alpha)
+
+//2*u*x*sin(alpha)=2*u*x*alpha=n*lam ->alpha is small, sin(alpha)=alpha
+
+x=(n*lam)/(2*u*alpha)
+
+printf("distance of 10th fringe from edge of wedge\n")
+
+printf("x=%.2f cm",x)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.10/Example8_10.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.10/Example8_10.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..368dc158f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.10/Example8_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_10,pg 185
+
+//condition for dark fringe is 2*t=n*lam
+
+//refer to fig.(e) pg 185
+
+//but B=(lam/(2*alpha*u))
+
+//delt=alpha*x
+
+lam=6000*10^-8
+
+u=1.5
+
+delt=(10*lam)/(2*u)//alpha=lam/(2*B*u), B=x/10
+
+printf("difference t2-t1 from fig.\n")
+
+printf("delt=%.4f cm",delt)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.11/Example8_11.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.11/Example8_11.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..408490419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.11/Example8_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_11,pg 185
+
+//condition for dark is 2*u*t*cos(r)=n*lam
+
+lam=5890*10^-8
+
+u=1.5
+
+r=60*(%pi/180)
+
+//for n=1
+
+t=(lam)/(2*u*cos(r))
+
+printf("smallest thickness of glass plate\n")
+
+printf("t=%.8f cm",t)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.12/Example8_12.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.12/Example8_12.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e54fc348a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.12/Example8_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_12,pg 193
+
+//for brightest spot R1=sqrt(b*lam)
+
+R1=0.05
+
+lam=5*10^-5
+
+bb=(R1^2)/lam//brightest spot
+
+//for darkest spot
+
+bd=(R1^2)/(2*lam)//darkest spot
+
+printf("position of brightest spot\n")
+
+printf("b=%.2f cm",bb)
+
+printf("\nposition of darkest spot\n")
+
+printf("b=%.2f cm",bd)
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.13/Example8_13.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.13/Example8_13.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3899f92ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.13/Example8_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_13,pg 193
+
+lam=6000*10^-10
+
+b1=30//for m=1
+
+b2=6//for m=2
+
+//(1/b)-(1/a)=(n*lam)/(R1^2), b=b1,b2
+
+//from b1,b2 equations 
+
+a=((5*b2)-(3*b1))/2
+
+R1=sqrt(lam/((1/b1)-(1/a)))
+
+F1=(R1^2)/lam
+
+printf("distance of source from zone plate\n")
+
+printf("a=%.2f cm",a)
+
+printf("\nradius of 1st zone plate\n")
+
+printf("R1=%.4f cm",R1)
+
+printf("\nprincipal focal length\n")
+
+printf("F1=%.2f cm",F1)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.14/Example8_14.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.14/Example8_14.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d82851751
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.14/Example8_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_14,pg 209
+
+grat=1/1250//transmission grating
+
+n=2
+
+theta=30*(%pi/180)//deviation angle
+
+//(a+b)sin(theta)=n*lam
+
+//grat=(a+b)
+
+lam=(grat*sin(theta))/n//wavelength of spectral line
+
+printf("wavelength of spectral line\n")
+
+printf("lam=%.6f cm",lam)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.15/Example8_15.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.15/Example8_15.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e7f8a70ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.15/Example8_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_15,pg 209
+
+lam=5893*10^-8
+
+grat=2.54/2540//converting into cm
+
+//(a+b)=grat
+
+//(a+b)sin(theta)=n*lam
+
+//n=nmax, if sin(theta)=1
+
+nmax=(grat/lam)
+
+printf("maximum order\n")
+
+printf("nmax=%.2f ",nmax)
+
+printf("so maximum order=16\n")
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.16/Example8_16.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.16/Example8_16.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..955ff3493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.16/Example8_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_16,pg 209
+
+n=2
+
+grat=1/5000//transmission grating
+
+lam=5893*10^-8
+
+dtheta=(2.5*3.14)/(180*60)//change in angular displacement(in radian)
+
+//(a+b)=grat
+
+//dlam=((a+b)cos(theta)/n)dtheta
+
+cos(theta)=sqrt(1-(((n*lam)/grat)^2))
+
+dlam=(dtheta*grat*cos(theta))/n//difference in wavelength
+
+f=30//focal length
+
+dl=f*dtheta//linear separation
+
+printf("difference between two yellow lines (in cm)\n")
+
+disp(dlam)
+
+printf("\nlinear separation\n")
+
+printf("dl=%.4f cm",dl)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.17/Example8_17.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.17/Example8_17.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99b6e0535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.17/Example8_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_17,pg 210
+
+grat=1/6000
+
+f=30
+
+n=2
+
+lam1=5770*10^-8
+
+lam2=5460*10^-8
+
+dlam=lam1-lam2
+
+lam=lam2
+
+cos(theta)=sqrt(1-(((n*lam)/grat)^2))
+
+dl=((n*f)/(grat*cos(theta)))*dlam
+
+printf("linear separation of two spectral lines\n")
+
+printf("dl=%.4f cm",dl)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.18/Example8_18.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.18/Example8_18.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e161ea9f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.18/Example8_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_18,pg 210
+
+//nth order of lam1 is superimposed on (n+1)th order of lam2 for theta=30
+
+//(a+b)sin(30)=n*5400*10^-8=(n+1)*4050*10^-8
+
+lam1=5400*10^-8
+
+lam2=4050*10^-8
+
+n=(lam2/(lam1-lam2))
+
+theta=30*(%pi/180)
+
+N=sin(theta)/(n*lam1)
+
+printf("lines/cm in grating\n")
+
+printf("N=%.2f lines/cm",N)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.2/Example8_2.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.2/Example8_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a11b5cb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.2/Example8_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_2,pg 181
+
+//for constructive interference of reflected light
+
+//2*u*t*cos(r)=(2*n+1)(lam/2), where n=0,1,2,3
+
+//for normal incidence
+
+//r=0, cos(r)=1
+
+t=5*10^-5
+
+u=1.33
+
+//for n=0 lam=lam1
+
+lam1=4*u*t
+
+//for n=1 lam=lam2
+
+lam2=4*u*t*(1/3)
+
+//for n=2 lam=lam3
+
+lam3=4*u*t*(1/5)
+
+//for n=3 lam=lam4
+
+lam4=4*u*t*(1/7)
+
+printf("wavelength that is strongly reflected in visible spectrum\n")
+
+disp(lam3)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.3/Example8_3.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.3/Example8_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..497b73009
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.3/Example8_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_3,pg 181
+
+n=10
+
+D10=0.5
+
+lam=5000*10^-8
+
+R=(D10^2)/(4*n*lam)
+
+D50=sqrt(4*50*R*lam)
+
+r50=D50/2
+
+printf("radius of 50th dark ring\n")
+
+printf("r50=%.2f cm",r50)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.4/Example8_4.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.4/Example8_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1adc7876f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.4/Example8_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_4,pg 182
+
+i=45*(%pi/180)
+
+u=1.33
+
+r=asin(sin(i)/u)
+
+r=r*(180/%pi)
+
+//for bright fringe 2*u*t*cos(r)=(2*n+1)(lam/2)
+
+//for minimum thickness n=0
+
+lam=5000*10^-8
+
+t=lam/(4*u*t*cos(r))
+
+printf("min. thickness of film\n")
+
+disp(t)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.5/Example8_5.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.5/Example8_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b262526f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.5/Example8_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_5,pg 182
+
+//since both reflections occur at surface of denser medium
+
+//condition for brightness for min thickness, n=1
+
+//for normal incidence r=0, cos(r)=1
+
+lam=5500*10^-8
+
+V=0.2
+
+A=100*100//converting into cm2
+
+t=V/A
+
+u=lam/(2*t)
+
+printf("RI of oil\n")
+
+printf("u=%.2f",u)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.6/Example8_6.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.6/Example8_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b94cf2d8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.6/Example8_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_6,pg 183
+
+lam=6300*10^-10
+
+u=1.5
+
+//condition for dark 2*u*t=n*lam
+
+//condition for bright 2*u*t=(2*n-1)(lam/2)
+
+//when t=0 n=0 order dark band will come and at edge 10th bright band will come 
+
+n=10
+
+t=(((2*n)-1)*(lam))/(4*u)
+
+printf("thickness of air film\n")
+
+printf("t=%.12f cm",t)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.7/Example8_7.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.7/Example8_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9749ce9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.7/Example8_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_7,pg 183
+
+ug=1.5
+
+uo=1.3
+
+//here reflection occurs both time at surface of denser medium
+
+//condition for distructive interference in reflected side
+
+//2*u*t*cos(r)=(2*n-1)(lam1/2), for nth min.
+
+r=0
+
+//for nth min.
+
+//2*u*t=(2*n+1)(lam1/2), n=0,1,2,3
+
+//for (n+1)th min.
+
+////2*u*t=(2*(n+1)+1)(lam2/2), n=0,1,2,3
+
+lam1=7000*10^-10
+
+lam2=5000*10^-10
+
+//from eq. of nth and (n+1)th min.
+
+t=(2/(4*uo))*((lam1*lam2)/(lam1-lam2))
+
+printf("thickness of layer\n")
+
+printf("t=%.12f m",t)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.8/Example8_8.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.8/Example8_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..567ef6545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.8/Example8_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_8,pg 184
+
+Dn=1.40
+
+D=1.27
+
+//when u=1
+
+//(Dn^2)=4*n*lam*R=(1.40^2)
+
+//when u=u1
+
+//(D^2)=(4*n*lam*R)/u1=(1.27^2)
+
+//from above eqn's
+
+u1=((Dn^2)/(D^2))
+
+printf("RI of liquid\n")
+
+printf("u=%.2f",u1)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH8/EX8.9/Example8_9.sce b/1026/CH8/EX8.9/Example8_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4c3c89f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH8/EX8.9/Example8_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter8,Example8_9,pg 184
+
+alpha=((%pi*10)/(60*60*180))//converting into radian
+
+B=0.5//fringe width
+
+u=1.4
+
+lam=2*B*alpha*u
+
+printf("wavelength of light used\n")
+
+printf("lam=%.12f m",lam)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH9/EX9.1/Example9_1.sce b/1026/CH9/EX9.1/Example9_1.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6bc3b2e81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH9/EX9.1/Example9_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//chapter9,Example9_1,pg 237
+
+d=4.255*10^-10
+
+lam=1.549*10^-10//wavelength of K-copper line
+
+n=1//theta is smallest when n=1
+
+theta=asin(lam/(2*d))//glancing angle
+
+theta=theta*(180/%pi)
+
+//max value of sin(theta)=1
+
+//for highest order
+
+nmax=((2*d)/lam)//highest bragg's order
+
+printf("smallest glancing angle\n")
+
+printf("theta=%.2f deg.",theta)
+
+printf("\nmaximum order of reflection\n")
+
+printf("nmax=%.2f",nmax)
+
+printf("\nsince fraction is meaningless for order nmax=5")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH9/EX9.2/Example9_2.sce b/1026/CH9/EX9.2/Example9_2.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..65e3c1bbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH9/EX9.2/Example9_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter9,Example9_2,pg 237
+
+V=60*10^3
+
+c=3*10^8
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+lam=0.194*10^-10//min. wavelength of x-rays
+
+h=(lam*e*V)/c
+
+printf("plancks constant\n")
+
+disp(h)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH9/EX9.3/Example9_3.sce b/1026/CH9/EX9.3/Example9_3.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7144d6ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH9/EX9.3/Example9_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//chapter9,Example9_3,pg 238
+
+//for 110 plane
+
+a=3*10^-10//lattice parameter
+
+d=(a/sqrt(2))//d110=(a/sqrt((1^2)+(1^2)+0))
+
+theta=12.5*(%pi/180)//glancing angle
+
+n=1
+
+lam=2*d*sin(theta)//wavelength of x-ray
+
+nmax=((2*d)/lam)//highest order
+
+printf("wavelength of x-ray beam\n")
+
+disp(lam)
+
+printf("\nhighest braggs order\n")
+
+printf("nmax=%.2f",nmax)
+
+printf("\nfraction is meaningless so nmax=4")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH9/EX9.4/Example9_4.sce b/1026/CH9/EX9.4/Example9_4.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..03f3ba71f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH9/EX9.4/Example9_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter9,Example9_4,pg 238
+
+d=2.81*10^-10
+
+theta=14*(%pi/180)//glancing angle
+
+lam=2*d*sin(theta)//min. wavelength
+
+e=1.6*10^-19
+
+V=9100
+
+c=3*10^8
+
+h=(lam*e*V)/c
+
+printf("plancks constant\n")
+
+disp(h)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH9/EX9.5/Example9_5.sce b/1026/CH9/EX9.5/Example9_5.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc2ab0492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH9/EX9.5/Example9_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+//chapter9,Example9_5,pg 238
+
+//for line A-> 2*d*sin(thetaA)=lamA(n=1)
+
+thetaA=30*(%pi/180)//glancing angle for line A
+
+//for line B-> 2*d*sin(thetaB)=3*lamB(n=3)
+
+thetaB=60*(%pi/180)
+
+lamB=0.97*10^-10
+
+d=(3*lamB)/(2*sin(thetaB))
+
+lamA=2*d*sin(thetaA)//wavelength of line A
+
+printf("wavelength of line A\n")
+
+disp(lamA)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH9/EX9.6/Example9_6.sce b/1026/CH9/EX9.6/Example9_6.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4089599f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH9/EX9.6/Example9_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter9,Example9_6,pg 239
+
+a=3.615*10^-10
+
+d111=a/sqrt(1+1+1)//for 111 plane 
+
+theta=21.7*(%pi/180)//converting into radian
+
+lam=2*d111*sin(theta)
+
+printf("wavelength of X-rays\n")
+
+disp(lam)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH9/EX9.7/Example9_7.sce b/1026/CH9/EX9.7/Example9_7.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..225e00fb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH9/EX9.7/Example9_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//chapter9,Example9_7,pg 239
+
+V=50*10^3
+
+lam=(12400/V)*10^-10
+
+n=4//FCC crystal
+
+m=74.6
+
+N=6.022*10^26
+
+rho=1.99*10^3
+
+a=(((n*m)/(N*rho))^(1/3))
+
+//for kcl ionic crystal
+
+d=a/2
+
+theta=asin(lam/(2*d))
+
+theta=theta*(180/%pi)
+
+printf("min. wavelength of spectrum from tube\n")
+
+disp(lam)
+
+printf("glancing angle for that wavelength\n")
+
+printf("theta=%.2f deg.",theta)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/1026/CH9/EX9.8/Example9_8.sce b/1026/CH9/EX9.8/Example9_8.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f2763134
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH9/EX9.8/Example9_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//chapter9,Example9_8,pg 239
+
+//from bragg's law
+
+//2*d*sin(theta)=n*lam
+
+n=1
+
+theta1=5.4*(%pi/180)
+
+theta2=7.6*(%pi/180)
+
+theta3=9.4*(%pi/180)
+
+d100=lam/2*sin(theta1)
+
+d110=lam/2*sin(theta2)
+
+d111=lam/2*sin(theta3)
+
+printf("ratio of interplannar spacing \n(1/d100):(1/d110):(1/d111)=")
+
+printf("%.2f:",sin(theta1));printf("%.2f:",sin(theta2));printf("%.2f",sin(theta3));
+
+printf("\nas ratio (1/d100):(1/d110):(1/d111)=1:sqrt(2):sqrt(3)this relation is valid for simple cubic crystal therefore, this is a SCC crystal")
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diff --git a/1026/CH9/EX9.9/Example9_9.sce b/1026/CH9/EX9.9/Example9_9.sce
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dcc7d07a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/1026/CH9/EX9.9/Example9_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//chapter9,Example9_9,pg 240
+
+lam=0.58*10^-10
+
+theta1=6.5*(%pi/180)
+
+theta2=9.15*(%pi/180)
+
+theta3=13*(%pi/180)
+
+//from bragg's law
+
+d1=lam/(2*sin(theta1))*10^10
+
+d2=lam/(2*sin(theta2))*10^10
+
+d3=lam/(2*sin(theta3))*10^10
+
+printf("interplannar spacing of crystal\n")
+
+printf("%.2f:",d1);printf("%.2f:",d2);printf("%.2f",d3);
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-- 
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