21 files changed, 442 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fada4fe29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.1/Ex7_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Exa 7.1
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+NonLinearity = 1 ; // in percentage
+P = 5; //Power rating in Watts
+StepSize = 50; // in Ohms
+Rmin = 10 ; // in Ohms
+Rmax = 10000 ; // in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+printf('Max Error in linearity - Non-linearity = 1 percent \n');
+printf(' Therefore, Rp/Rm should be less than 0.1 \n');
+// If Rp/Rm < 0.1
+// per_Error = 15 * (Rp/Rm)
+// Therefore
+Rp = (1/15)*Rmax;
+printf(' If Rp/Rm < 0.1 \n Therefore we can choose a potentiometer with a total resistance Rp = %.2f Ohms at the maximum. Any value of Rp less than %.2f Ohms  would be all right as far as the non-linearity is concerned  \n',Rp,Rp);
+
+printf(' However, lower the value of Rp lower will be the sensitivity. Therefore we choose 650 Ohms potentiometer from the family, which will have maximum sensitivity and at the same time have non-linearity less than 10 percent  \n');
+Rp_selected = 650; // Ohms
+
+Max_Ecx = sqrt(P*Rp_selected);
+s = Max_Ecx/360; //Sensitivity
+
+printf(' The senstivity of potentiometer = %.2f V/degree \n',s);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6a5869e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.10/Ex7_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Exa 7.10
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A copper resistance thermometer
+
+R1 = 15; // resistance in ohms at 20 °c
+T1 = 20; // temperature in °c
+T2 = 175; // max temperature in °c
+Alpha_T = 0.00425; // temperature coefficient of resistance at 25°c
+
+// Solution
+
+R2 = R1*(1+Alpha_T*(T2-T1)); // resistance at 175 °c
+printf(' The limiting value of resistance  = %.2f ohms \n',R2);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bed1894d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.11/Ex7_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Exa 7.11
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A thermistor
+R1 = 120; // resistance in ohms at 25 °c
+T1 = 25; // temperature in °c
+T2 = 40; // temperature in °c
+Alpha_T = -0.05; // temperature coefficient of resistance over range 25-50°c
+
+// Solution
+
+R2 = R1*(1+Alpha_T*(T2-T1)); // resistance at 175 °c
+printf(' The resistance of thermistor at 40 °c = %d ohms \n',R2);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdeb3d0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.12/Ex7_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Exa 7.12
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A variable inductive transducer
+L1 = 2.5; // inductance in mH
+N1 = 50; // No of effective turns at L1
+N2 = 52; // No of effective turns at L2
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' Since L directly proportional to N^2 \n');
+printf('  L1/N1^2 = L2/N2^2 \n ');
+printf(' Therefore, L2 i.e, \n ');
+
+L2 = L1* (N2/N1)^2;
+printf(' The inductance of coil when the effective turns of the coil are 52 = %.2f mH \n',L2);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..efeb4b5e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.13/Ex7_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Exa 7.13
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A variable reluctance-type inductive transducer
+L1 = 5; // Inductance of transducer in mH
+lg1 = 1.5; // Length of iron piece in mm
+d = 0.025; // Distance by which irno piece is moved towards electro magnet (mm)
+
+// Solution
+
+air_gap = lg1-d;
+printf(' Length of air gap = %.3f mm \n',air_gap);
+New_Inductance = L1 + lg1/air_gap;
+
+printf('  The coil inductance becomes = %.2f mH \n',New_Inductance);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c065b801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.14/Ex7_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Exa 7.14
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An LVDT
+vo = 2.6; // Output voltage(volts) of LVDT
+d = 0.4; // displacement in mm
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The sensitivity s = RMS value of output voltage/Displacement \n');
+
+S = vo/d; // sensitivity
+
+printf('  Therefore, s = %.1f V/mm \n',S); 
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc8ccd65d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.15/Ex7_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Exa 7.15
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An LVDT
+Vo = 1.25; // Output voltage
+Dmax  = 0.0025;// max. deviation of linearity
+L = 0.75; // weight of load in kgf
+
+// Solution
+
+Linearity = (Dmax/Vo)*100;
+printf(' The linearity at a given load 0.65/kgf = %.1f percent \n',Linearity);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96c28ba51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.16/Ex7_16.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Exa 7.16
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An LVDT
+vo = 5; // secondary voltage(volts) of LVDT
+d = 12.5; // displacement in mm
+d0 = 8; // displacement from central position in mm
+
+// Solution
+
+printf(' The sensitivity s = RMS value of output voltage/Displacement \n');
+
+S = vo/d; // sensitivity
+
+printf('  Therefore, s = %.1f V/mm \n',S);
+
+printf('  Output voltage for a displacement of 8mm from its central position =  %.1f V \n',S*d0);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92f6861cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.17/Ex7_17.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Exa 7.17
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// An LVDT to measure deflection of bellows
+S1 = 40; // sensitivity in V/mm
+d = 0.125; // displacement in mm
+P1 = 0.8*10^6; // pressure in N/m^2
+Vo2 = 3.5 ; // Output of LVDT for pressure P2
+
+// Solution
+
+// output voltage for the pressure p1
+Vo1 = S1*d; // in volts
+
+L_senstivity = Vo1/P1;
+
+// For P2 calculations when V = 3.5
+P2 = Vo2/L_senstivity;
+
+printf('The sensitivity of LVDT and pressure when the output voltage of LVDT is 3.5 V \n are  %.2f * 10^-6 V/N/m^2 and %.1f * 10^5 N/m^2 respectively \n',L_senstivity*10^6,P2*10^-5);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18f2e35d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.18/Ex7_18.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Exa 17.18
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// Capacitive Transducer
+d = 0.05; // plate separation in mm
+C = 5*10^-12; // Capacitence in farad
+dell_C = 0.75*10^-12; // change in capacitence in farad
+
+// Solution
+
+// C = e*A/d;
+eA = C*d;
+
+//Now,
+dell_x = eA/dell_C;
+printf('The displacment that caused a change in capacitence is %.3f mm \n',dell_x);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b66078f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.19/Ex7_19.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Exa 17.19
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A Capacitive Transducer
+d = 2.5; // plate separation in mm
+A = 600; // Area (in mm^2)
+P = 8*10^5; // Pressure applied in N/m^2
+x = 0.5; // deflection produced in mm
+C = 400*10^-12; // Capacitence in farad
+
+// Solution
+
+// Since, C = e*A/d
+ e =C*d/A;
+
+printf('Since we have to find capacitence when no pressure is applied. At that time plate separation = %d mm \n', d-x);
+
+d1 = d-x; // plate separation(mm) after pressure applied 
+C1 = e*A/d1;
+
+printf(' The value of capacitence, C with d = 2mm  = %d micro farad \n', C1*10^12);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5652c2c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.2/Ex7_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Exa 7.2
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+l = 50; // length of potentiometer in mm
+R = 5000; // Total resistance of potentiometer in Ohms
+Rt = 1850; // Resistance of potentiometer in Ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+R_length = R/l ; // Resistance per unit length
+R_normal = R/(l*10^-3*0.5);
+printf(' Resistance of normal position = %d Ohms \n',R_normal);
+R_change = R_normal - Rt;
+printf('  Change in resistance = %d Ohms \n',R_change);
+Displacement = R_change/R_length ;
+printf('  The linear displacement when the resistance of the potentiometer is 1850 ohms = %.2f mm \n',Displacement);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f1e70d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.20/Ex7_20.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Exa 7.20
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A Capacitence Transducer
+A = 5*10^-4; // Area in m^2
+C = 9.5*10^-12; // Capacitence in farad
+er = 81; //  Relative dielectric constant
+e0 = 8.854*10^-12; // Absolute dielectric constant in F/m
+
+// Solution
+
+// C = e0*er*A/d;
+// Therefore
+d = e0*er*A/C;
+printf('The plate separation d = %.2f mm \n',d*10^3);
+S = e0*er*A/d^2;
+
+printf(' Sensitivity s = %.3f * 10^-8 F/m \n',S*10^8);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b91649a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.21/Ex7_21.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Exa 7.21
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A 5-plate transducer
+n = 5; // no of plates
+l = 20*10^-3; // length of plate in m
+b = 20*10^-3; // breadth of plate in m
+d = 0.25*10^-3; // separation between plates in m
+
+// Solution
+
+A = l*b; // Area in mm^2
+er = 1; //  Relative dielectric constant
+e0 = 8.854*10^-12; // Absolute dielectric constant in F/m
+
+S = (n-1)*e0*er*A/d^2;
+
+printf('Sensitivity of the arrangement = %.3f * 10^-9 F/m \n',S*10^9);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook is wrong
+
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..437a8cc8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.3/Ex7_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Exa 7.3
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+N = 50; // No of turns of potentiometer per mm
+Number_of_Resolution = 4; // No of resolutions of potentiometer
+
+// Solution
+
+Resolution = 1/N;
+printf(' Resolution of potentiometer = %.3f mm \n',Resolution);
+printf('  4 resolutions of potentiometer with one rotation = %.1f mm \n',10^3*Resolution/Number_of_Resolution);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2822cd474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.4/Ex7_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Exa 7.4
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+G = 3.8; //  Gauge factor
+
+// Solution
+
+P = (G-1)/2;
+printf(' Poissons ratio of thin circular/wire of soft iron = %.1f \n',P);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1efe69c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.5/Ex7_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Exa 7.5
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+L = 0.1 ; // Initial length of wire in m
+R = 120; // Initial resistance of wire in ohms
+delta_L =  0.1*10^-3;// change in length of wire in m
+delta_R = 0.21; // change in resistance of wire in ohms
+
+// Solution
+
+e = delta_L/L;
+G = (delta_R/R)/e;
+
+printf(' The gauge factor of device = %.2f \n',G);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6c1643d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.6/Ex7_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Exa 7.6
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+S = 1400; // Stress in Kgf/cm^2
+E = 2.1*10^6; // Youngs Modulus in Kgf/cm^2
+G = 2; // Gauge factor
+
+// Solution
+
+e = S/E;
+change_in_R = G*e;
+
+printf(' Percentage change in resistance of strain gauge = %.3f \n',change_in_R*100);
+
+// The answer provided in the textbook vary due to round off
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..108673992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.7/Ex7_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Exa 7.7
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+Gf = 2 ; // Gauge factor of strain gauge
+S = 1000; // Stress in kg/cm^2
+E = 2*10^6; // Youngs Modulus in kg/cm^2
+
+// Solution
+
+e = S/E; // strain
+
+dR_R = e*Gf; // change in resistance
+ // Gf = 1+2u;
+// Therefore
+u = (Gf-1)/2; // poissons ratio
+
+printf('The percentage change in resistance of strain gauge = %.1f \n',dR_R*100);
+printf(' Poissons ratio  = %.2f \n',u);
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bdb07e06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.8/Ex7_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Exa 7.8
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+R = 200; // strain gauge resistance in Ohms
+G = 2.5; // Gauge factor
+RL = 400; // load resistance in Ohms
+V = 24; // input voltage in volts
+S = 140; // applied stress in mgf/m^2
+Y = 200; // Modulus of elasticity in GN/m^2
+
+// Solution
+
+V_normal = V*(R/(R+RL));
+
+printf('Voltage across strain gauge = %d V \n',V_normal);
+e = (S*10^-3)/Y;
+// Strain e =   dell_L/L
+//dell_R/R = G* dell_L/L;
+// so,
+dell_R = R*G*e;
+
+
+//strain gauge under strained condition
+V_strained = (R+dell_R) * V/(R+dell_R+RL);
+printf(' Voltage across strain gauge under strained condition = %.4f ohms \n',V_strained);
+
+dif = V_normal - V_strained;
+printf(' Change in output voltage = %.2f mV \n',abs(dif*10^3));
diff --git a/3830/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce b/3830/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0641c8d9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3830/CH7/EX7.9/Ex7_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Exa 7.9
+
+clc;
+clear;
+
+// Given
+
+// A platinum resitance thermometer
+R1 = 120; // resistance in ohms at 25 °c
+T1 = 25; // temperature in °c
+T2 = 75; // temperature in °c
+Alpha_T = 0.00392; // temperature coefficient of resistance at 25°c
+R3 = 180; // resistance in ohms at unknown temp T3
+
+// Solution
+
+R2 = R1*(1+Alpha_T*(T2-T1)); // resistance at 75 °c
+printf(' The resistance at 75 °c = %.2f ohms \n',R2);
+
+// now, to get T3 corresponding to R3= 180 ohms
+
+// R3 = R2*(1+Alpha_T*(T3-T1));
+// Rearranging above equation to get T3 as 
+T3 = (R3/R1 -1)/Alpha_T + T1;
+
+printf(' The temperature corresponding to resistance 180 ohms = %.2f °c \n',T3);