22 files changed, 324 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5a50b95bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc

+T1 = 35 // Air inlet temperature in degree Celsius

+P1 = 0.1 // Air inlet pressure in MPa

+Q1 = 2100 // Heat supply in kJ/kg

+R = 0.287 // gas constant

+rk = 8 // Compression ratio

+g = 1.4 // Heat capacity ratio

+n_cycle = 1-(1/rk^(g-1)) // cycle efficiency 

+v1 = (R*(T1+273))/(P1*1e3) // Initial volume

+v2 = v1/8 // Volume after compression

+T2 = (T1+273)*(v1/v2)^(g-1) // Temperature after compression

+cv = 0.718 // Constant volume heat capacity in kJ/kg

+T3 = Q1/cv + T2 // Temperature at after heat addition

+P21 = (v1/v2)^g // Pressure ratio

+P2 = P21*P1 // Pressure after compression

+P3 = P2*(T3/T2) // Pressure after heat addition

+Wnet = Q1*n_cycle // Net work output

+Pm = Wnet/(v1-v2) // Mean pressure

+printf("\n Example 13.1\n")

+printf("\n Cycle efficiency is %f percent",n_cycle*100)

+printf("\n Maximum temperature in the cycle is %d K",T3)

+printf("\n Maximum pressure in the cycle is %f MPa",P3)

+printf("\n Mean effective pressure is %f MPa",Pm/1e3)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5840bfe47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.1/Ex13_1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.1

+

+ Cycle efficiency is 56.472472 percent

+ Maximum temperature in the cycle is 3632 K

+ Maximum pressure in the cycle is 9.434777 MPa

+ Mean effective pressure is 1.533259 MPa 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..af530b5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+clc

+//Given that

+v = 300 // Aircraft velocity in m/s

+p1 = 0.35 // Pressure in bar

+t1 = -40 // Temperature in degree centigrade

+rp = 10 // The pressure ratio of compressor 

+t4 = 1100 // Temperature of gases at turbine intlet in degree centigrade

+ma = 50 // Mass flow rate of air at the inlet of compressor in kg/s

+cp = 1.005 // Heat capacity of air at constant pressure in kJ/kg-K

+gama=1.4 // Ratio of heat capacities for air

+printf("\n Example 13.10 \n")

+T1 = t1+273

+T4 = t4+273

+T2 = T1 + (v^2)/(2*cp)*(10^-3)

+p2 = p1*(100)*((T2/T1)^(gama/(gama-1)))

+p3 = rp*p2

+p4 =p3

+T3 = T2*((p3/p2)^((gama-1)/gama))

+T5 = T4-T3+T2

+p5 = ((T5/T4)^(gama/(gama-1)))*(p4)

+p6 = p1*100

+T6 = T5*((p6/p5)^((gama-1)/gama))

+V6 = (2*cp*(T5-T6)*1000)^(1/2)

+Wp = ma*(V6-v)*v*(10^-6)

+Q1 = ma*cp*(T4-T3)*(10^-3)

+np = Wp/Q1

+printf("\n The temperature of the gases at the turbine exit is %f K,\n The pressure of the gases at the turbine exit is %f kN/m^2,\n The velocity of gases at the nozzle exit is %f m/sec,\n The propulsive efficiency of the cycle is %f percent",T5,p5,V6,np*100)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64d78442e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.10/Ex13_10.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.10 

+

+ The temperature of the gases at the turbine exit is 1114.474397 K,

+ The pressure of the gases at the turbine exit is 311.998817 kN/m^2,

+ The velocity of gases at the nozzle exit is 1020.347840 m/sec,

+ The propulsive efficiency of the cycle is 25.699731 percent 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..034425410
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+clc

+Ta = 15 // Atmospheric temperature in degree Celsius 

+rp = 8 // pressure ratio

+g = 1.33 // heat capacity ratio for gas

+g1 = 1.40 // heat capacity ratio for air

+cv = 0.718 // Constant volume heat capacity

+cpa = 1.005 // Constant pressure heat capacity for air

+cpg = 1.11 // Constant pressure heat capacity for gas

+R = 0.287 // Gas constant

+Tb = (Ta+273)*(rp)^((g1-1)/g1) // Temperature after compression

+Tc = 800  // Temperature after heat addition in degree Celsius

+Td = (Tc+273)/((rp)^((g-1)/g)) // Temperature after expansion

+Wgt = cpg*(Tc+273-Td)-cpa*(Tb-Ta-273)

+Q1 = cpg*(Tc+273-Tb)

+Q1_ = cpg*(Tc+273-Td)

+h1 = 3775  // Enthalpy at state 1 in kJ/kg

+h2 = 2183 // Enthalpy at state2 in kJ/kg

+h3 = 138 // Enthalpy at state3 in kJ/kg

+h4 = h3 // Isenthalpic process

+Q1_st = h1-h3 // Total heat addition

+Q_fe = cpg*(Tc-100) // Heat transfer by steam

+was = Q1_st/Q_fe // air steam mass ratio

+Wst = h1-h2// work done by steam turbine

+PO = 190e03 // Power output in kW

+ws = PO/(was*Wgt+Wst)// steam flow rate

+wa = was*ws // Air flow rate

+CV = 43300 // Calorific volume of fuel in kJ/kg

+waf = CV/(Q1+Q1_) // Air fuel ratio

+FEI = (wa/waf)*CV // Fuel energy input

+noA = PO/FEI // combined cycle efficiency

+

+printf("\n Example 13.11 \n")

+printf("\n Air fuel ratio is %f ",waf)

+printf("\n Overall efficiency of combined plant is %f percent ",noA*100)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..71982ffa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.11/Ex13_11.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+

+ Example 13.11 

+

+ Air fuel ratio is 39.651568 

+ Overall efficiency of combined plant is 53.599355 percent 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07037446e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+clc

+rk = 14 // Compression ratio

+k = 6 // cutoff percentage ratio

+rc = k/100*(rk-1)+1

+g = 1.4 // Heat capacity ratio

+n_diesel = 1-((1/g))*(1/rk^(g-1))*((rc^(g-1))/(rc-1)) // Cycle efficiency

+printf("\n Example 13.2\n")

+printf("\n Air standard efficiency is %f percent",n_diesel*100)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bce0d44ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.2/Ex13_2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.2

+

+ Air standard efficiency is 59.867691 percent 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5109df3e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+clc

+rk = 16 // Compression ratio

+T1 = 15 // Air inlet temperature in degree Celsius

+P1 = 0.1 // Air inlet pressure in MPa

+T3 = 1480 // Highest temperature in cycle in degree Celsius

+g = 1.4 // Heat capacity ratio

+R = 0.287 // Gas constant

+T2 = (T1+273)*(rk^(g-1)) // Temperature after compression

+rc =  (T3+273)/T2 // cut off ratio

+cp = 1.005 // Constant pressure heat constant

+cv = 0.718 // Constant volume heat constant

+Q1 = cp*(T3+273-T2) // Heat addition

+T4 = (T3+273)*((rc/rk)^(g-1)) // Temperature after heat addition

+Q2 = cv*(T4-T1-273) // Heat rejection

+n = 1-(Q2/Q1) // cycle efficiency

+n_ = 1-((1/g))*(1/rk^(g-1))*((rc^(g-1))/(rc-1)) // cycle efficiency from another formula

+Wnet = Q1*n // Net work 

+v1 = (R*(T1+273))/(P1*1e3) // Volume before compression

+v2 = v1/rk // Volume after compression

+Pm = Wnet/(v1-v2) // Mean pressure

+printf("\n Example 13.3\n")

+printf("\n Cut-off ratio is %f ",rc)

+printf("\n Heat supplied per kg of air is %f kJ/kg",Q1)

+printf("\n Cycle efficiency is %f percent",n*100)

+printf("\n Mean effective pressure is %f kPa",Pm)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53ee460ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.3/Ex13_3.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.3

+

+ Cut-off ratio is 2.007897 

+ Heat supplied per kg of air is 884.346994 kJ/kg

+ Cycle efficiency is 61.334041 percent

+ Mean effective pressure is 699.968704 kPa 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..964a442b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+clc

+T1 = 50 // Temperature before compression stroke in degree Celsius

+rk = 16 // Compression ratio

+g = 1.4 // Heat capacity ratio

+P3 = 70 // Maximum cycle pressure in bar

+cv = 0.718 // Constant volume heat addition capacity

+cp = 1.005 // Constant pressure heat addition capacity

+R = 0.287 // Gas constant

+T2 = (T1+273)*((rk^(g-1))) //Temperature after compression stroke 

+P1 = 1 // Pressure before compression in bar

+P2 = P1*(rk)^g // Pressure after compression

+T3 = T2*(P3/P2) // Temperature after constant volume heat addition

+Q23 = cv*(T3-T2) // Constant volume heat added

+T4 = (Q23/cp)+T3 // Temperature after constant pressure heat addition

+v43 = T4/T3 // cut off ratio 

+v54 = rk/v43 // Expansion ratio

+T5 = T4*(1/v54)^(g-1) // Temperature after expansion

+P5 = P1*(T5/(T1+273)) // Pressure after expansion

+Q1 = cv*(T3-T2)+cp*(T4-T3) // Total heat added

+Q2 = cv*(T5-T1-273) // Heat rejected

+n_cycle = 1-(Q2/Q1) // Cycle efficiency

+v1 = (R*(T1+273))/(P1*1e2) // Volume before compression 

+v2 = (1/16)*v1 // Swept volume

+Wnet = Q1*n_cycle // Net work done

+Pm = Wnet/(v1-v2) // Mean pressure

+printf("\n Example 13.4\n")

+printf("\n Efficiency of the cycle is %f percent",n_cycle*100)

+printf("\n Mean effective pressure is %f bar",Pm/100)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46f82e316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.4/Ex13_4.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.4

+

+ Efficiency of the cycle is 66.314379 percent

+ Mean effective pressure is 4.755194 bar 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e057b5284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+clc

+P1 = 0.1 // Air pressure at turbine inlet in MPa

+T1 = 30 // Air temperature at turbine inlet in degree Celsius

+T3 = 900 // Maximum cycle temperature at turbine inlet in degree Celsius

+rp = 6 // Pressure ratio

+nt = 0.8 // Turbine efficiency

+nc = 0.8// Compressor efficiency

+g = 1.4 // Heat capacity ratio

+cv = 0.718 // Constant volume heat capacity

+cp = 1.005 // Constant pressure heat capacity

+R = 0.287 // Gas constant

+T2s = (T1+273)*(rp)^((g-1)/g)

+T4s = (T3+273)/((rp)^((g-1)/g))

+T21 = (T2s-T1-273)/nc  // Temperature raise due to compression

+T34 = nt*(T3+273-T4s) // Temperature drop due to expansion

+Wt = cp*T34 // Turbine work

+Wc = cp*T21 // Compressor work

+T2 = T21+T1+273 // Temperature after compression

+Q1 = cp*(T3+273-T2) // Heat added

+n = (Wt-Wc)/Q1 // First law efficiency

+T4 = T3+273-T34 // Temperature after expansion

+T6 = 0.75*(T4-T2) + T2 // Regeneration temperature 

+Q1_ = cp*(T3+273-T6)// Heat added

+n_ = (Wt-Wc)/Q1_ //cycle efficiency

+I = (n_-n)/n // Fractional increase in cycle efficiency

+printf("\n Example 13.5\n")

+printf("\n The percentage increase in cycle efficiency \n due to regeneration is %f percent",I*100)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0735e231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.5/Ex13_5.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.5

+

+ The percentage increase in cycle efficiency 

+ due to regeneration is 41.407606 percent
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f9ea3e1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+clc

+cp = 1.005 // Constant pressure heat capacity

+Tmax = 1073 // Maximum cycle temperature in K

+Tmin = 300// Minimum cycle temperature in K

+Wnet_max = cp*(sqrt(Tmax)-sqrt(Tmin))^2 // maximum work

+n_cycle = 1-sqrt(Tmin/Tmax) // cycle efficiency

+n_carnot = 1-(Tmin/Tmax) // Carnot efficiency

+r = n_cycle/n_carnot // Efficiency ratio

+printf("\n Example 13.6\n")

+printf("\n Maximum work done per kg of air is %f kJ/kg",Wnet_max)

+printf("\n Cycle efficiency is %d percent",n_cycle*100)

+printf("\n Ratio of Brayton and Carnot efficiency is %f",r)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e96ca461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.6/Ex13_6.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.6

+

+ Maximum work done per kg of air is 239.466741 kJ/kg

+ Cycle efficiency is 47 percent

+ Ratio of Brayton and Carnot efficiency is 0.654124 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..293ba1ba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+clc

+rp = 6 // pressure ratio

+g = 1.4 // Heat capacity ratio

+cv = 0.718 // Constant volume heat capacity

+cp = 1.005 //Constant pressure heat capacity

+R = 0.287 // Gas constant

+T1 = 300 // Minimum temperature in K

+T3 = 1100 // Maximum cycle temperature in K

+T0 = 300 // Atmospheric temperature in K

+n_cycle = 1-(1/rp^((g-1)/g)) // cycle efficiency

+T2 = (T1)*(rp^((g-1)/g)) // Temperature after compression

+T4 = (T3)/(rp^((g-1)/g)) // Temperature after expansion

+Wc = cp*(T2-T1) // Compressor work

+Wt = cp*(T3-T4) // Turbine work

+WR = (Wt-Wc)/Wt // Work ratio

+Q1 = 100 // Heat addition in MW

+PO = n_cycle*Q1 // Power output

+m_dot = (Q1*1e06)/(cp*(T3-T2)) // Mass flow rate

+R = m_dot*cp*T0*((T4/T0)-1-log(T4/T0)) // Exergy flow rate

+printf("\n Example 13.7\n")

+printf("\n The thermal efficiency of the cycle is %f percent",n_cycle*100)

+printf("\n Work ratio is %f ",WR)

+printf("\n Power output is %f MW",PO)

+printf("\n Energy flow rate of the exhaust gas stream is %f MW",R/1e6)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d26c555ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.7/Ex13_7.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.7

+

+ The thermal efficiency of the cycle is 40.066303 percent

+ Work ratio is 0.544952 

+ Power output is 40.066303 MW

+ Energy flow rate of the exhaust gas stream is 20.529786 MW 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..93a7e2cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+clc

+nc = 0.87 // Compressor efficiency 

+nt = 0.9 // Turbine efficiency

+T1 = 311 // Compressor inlet temperature in K

+rp = 8 // compressor pressure ratio

+P1 = 1 // Initial pressure in atm

+T3 = 1367 // Turbine inlet temperature

+P2 = P1*rp // Final pressure 

+P3 = 0.95*P2 // Actual pressure after compression

+P4 = 1 // Atmospheric pressure

+g = 1.4 // Heat capacity ratio

+cv = 0.718 // Constant volume heat capacity

+cp = 1.005 // Constant pressure heat capacity

+R = 0.287 // Gas constant

+// With no cooling

+T2s = T1*((P2/P1)^((g-1)/g)) // Ideal temperature after compression

+T2 = T1 + (T2s-T1)/0.87 // Actual temperature after compression

+T4s = T3*(P4/P3)^((g-1)/g) // Ideal temperature after expansion

+n = (((T3-T4s)*nt)-((T2s-T1)/nc))/(T3-T2) // cycle efficiency

+// With cooling

+n_cycle = n-0.05

+x = 0.13 // Fluid quality

+r = x/(x+1) // 

+printf("\n Example 13.8\n")

+printf("\n Percentage of air that may be taken from the compressor is %f percent",r*100)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..80c67633f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.8/Ex13_8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.8

+

+ Percentage of air that may be taken from the compressor is 11.504425 percent 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce b/3685/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d325db7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+clc

+//Given that

+nc = 0.85 // Compressor efficiency

+nt = 0.9 // Turbine efficiency

+r = 3.5 // Ratio of max and min temperature 

+gama = 1.4 // Ratio of heat capacities for air

+printf("\n Example 13.9 \n")

+x = (gama-1)/gama

+r_opt = ((nc*nt*r)^(2/3))^(1/x)

+printf("\n Optimum specific output is %f ",r_opt)

+//The answers vary due to round off error

+

diff --git a/3685/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.txt b/3685/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5fa831c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3685/CH13/EX13.9/Ex13_9.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+ 

+ Example 13.9 

+

+ Optimum specific output is 9.954867 
\ No newline at end of file