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+// Example 10.2
+// Calculation of the lower limit on the effective area of the fiber.
+// Page no 431
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+
+//Given data
+
+c=3*10^8;                // Velocity of light
+tl=1000*10^3;            // Total length
+as=100*10^3;             // Amplifier spacing
+alpha=0.046*10^-3;       // Loss coefficient
+L=100*10^3;
+n2=2.5*10^-20;          // Kerr coefficient
+p=0;                    // Peak power at the fiber input
+lambda=1550*10^-9;      // Operating frequency
+
+// The peak power required to form a soliton
+Le=(1-exp(-alpha*L))/alpha;
+n=tl/as;
+p=10^(p/10);
+r=0.5/(Le*p);
+A=(2*%pi*n2)/(lambda*r);
+A=A*10^12;
+
+// Displaying results in the command window            
+printf("\n The lower limit on the effective area of the fiber  = %0.2f micrometer^2",A*10^-2);
+printf("\n The effective area should be greater than 43.62 μm2 to have the peak nonlinear phase shift less than or equal to 0.5 rad.");
+
+
+// The answers vary due to round off error