diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3523')
71 files changed, 1392 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.1/Ex12_1.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.1/Ex12_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ced0d28ff --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.1/Ex12_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Example 1// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+r1=2;//inner coaxial cable radius
+r2=5;//sheath radius over the insulation
+Em1=40;//max stress in the insulation in kV/cm
+Em2=25;//max stress in the insulation in kV/cm
+epsilon1=6;
+epsilon2=4;
+x=Em1/Em2;
+r=x*((epsilon1*r1)/(epsilon2));//radial thickness of the dielectric
+printf("radial thickness of the dielectric %f cm",r)
+inner=r-r1;//inner thickness of dielectric
+outer=r2-r;//outer thickness of dielectric
+printf("inner thickness of dielectric %f cm",inner)
+printf("outer thickness of dielectric %f cm",outer)
+V1=Em1*r1*log(r/r1);//voltage drop across dielectric in kV
+V2=Em2*r*log(r2/r);//voltage drop across outer dielectric
+printf("voltage drop across dielectric %f kV",V1)
+printf("voltage drop across outer dielectric %f kV",V2)
+pv = V1+V2;//peak voltage of cable
+printf("peak voltage of cable %f kV",pv)
+pvrms=pv/sqrt(2);
+printf("peak voltage in rms %f kV",pvrms)
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.10/Ex12_10.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.10/Ex12_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..61f8a1d62 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.10/Ex12_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 10// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+a=1;//inner thickness of cable in cm
+epsilonr1=4.5;
+epsilonr2=3.6;
+r1=2;//in cm
+b=2.65;//in cm
+V=53.8;//in kV
+Emax1=V/(a*[log(r1)+(epsilonr1/epsilonr2)*log(1.325)]);
+printf("max stress in rubber %f kV/cm",Emax1)
+Emax2=V/(r1*[((epsilonr2/epsilonr1)*log(r1))+ log(1.325)]);
+printf("max stress in paper %f kV/cm",Emax2)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.2/Ex12_2.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.2/Ex12_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d3b5bb887 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.2/Ex12_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +//Example 2// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+V=100;//in kV
+Em=55;//max permissible gradient in kV/cm
+//voltage gradient at the conductor surface is inversely proportional to the core radius
+r=V*sqrt(2)/Em;//conductor radius in cm
+printf("conductor radius %f cm",r)
+
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.3/Ex12_3.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.3/Ex12_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b3d58c135 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.3/Ex12_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 3// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+l=10*10^3;//core cable length in m
+Res=0.5;//insulation resistance in Mohms
+R=1.5;//core diameter in cm
+R1=3;//sheath diameter in cm
+resistivity=Res*2*%pi*l/log(R1/R);
+printf("resistivity of the material %e Mohms.m",resistivity )
+
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.4/Ex12_4.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.4/Ex12_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3774afe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.4/Ex12_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +//Example 4// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+l=10;//length of cable in km
+C4=0.5*10^-6 * l;//in F
+printf("Capacitance %f F",C4)
+f=50;//in Hz
+V=10^4;//in V
+Ic=2*V*2*%pi*f*C4/sqrt(3);//line charging current in A
+chargKVA=sqrt(3)*V*Ic*10^-3;
+printf("charging KVA %f KVAr",chargKVA)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.5/Ex12_5.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.5/Ex12_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..766f5b592 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.5/Ex12_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 5// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+C2 = 0.75/3;//capacitance between 3 core bunched together and lead sheath in uF/km
+C3=0.56//in uf/km
+V=33*10^3;
+f=50;//in Hz
+C4=0.5*(C2+C3)*10;//capacitance per km b/w any two cores
+printf("capacitance per km b/w any two cores %f uF",C4)
+ChargKVAr=V^2*2*%pi*f*C4/10^9;
+printf("Charging KVAr %f KVAr",ChargKVAr)
+//given ans in book is wrong the capacitance of 10km b/w 2 cores is 4.05uF
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.6/Ex12_6.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.6/Ex12_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fe8c34f60 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.6/Ex12_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Example 6// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+l=85;//in km
+r=1;//core cables of conductore radius r in cm
+f=50;//in Hz
+Rex=3.0;//external radii in cm
+Rin=2.5;//internal radii in cm
+Rac=0.0875;//conductor AC resistance in ohms/km
+rest=23.2*10^-6;//resistivity of lead in ohms cm
+tc=0.004;//temperature coefficient
+Rc=Rac*(1+tc*f)*l;//conductor resistance in ohms
+Rsh=rest*l*10^5/(%pi*(Rex^2-Rin^2));
+printf("conductor resistance %f ohms",Rc)
+printf("resistance of sheath %f ohms",Rsh)
+rsh=0.5*(Rin+Rex);//mean radius of sheath
+D=8;//cable to cable spacing in cm
+Xm=2*%pi*f*2*log(D/rsh)*10^-7*l*10^3;//conductor to sheath mutual inductive reactance for 85km length
+printf("inductive reactance %f ohms",Xm)
+Ref=Rc+(Xm^2*Rsh)/(Rsh^2+Xm^2);//effective AC resistance of conductor
+printf("effective resistance %f ohms",Ref)
+Xc=11.1;//resistance with sheaths open ckt in ohms
+Xef=Xc-(Xm^2)/(Rsh^2+Xm^2);//effective reactance per cable
+printf("effective reactance per cable %f ohms",Xef)
+s=Rsh*(Xm^2)/(Rc*(Rsh^2 + Xm^2));//sheath loss to conductor loss
+printf("sheath loss to conductor loss %f",s)
+I=400;//current in A
+emf=I*Xm;//emf induced without bonding per sheath in V
+printf("emf induced %f V",emf)
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.7/Ex12_7.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.7/Ex12_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4adf50df --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.7/Ex12_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 7// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+D=15;//conductor spacing in cm
+rsh=2.75;//sheath radius in cm
+I=250;//current in A
+f=50;//in Hz
+Xm=2*%pi*f*2*log(D/rsh)*10^-7*10^3;//conductor to sheath mutual inductive reactance
+E=I*Xm;//indused sheath field in V/km
+printf("indused sheath field %f V/km",E)
+E1=sqrt(3)*E;//voltage b/w sheaths when bonded at one end
+printf("voltage b/w sheaths when bonded at one end %f V/km",E1)
+
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.8/Ex12_8.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.8/Ex12_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c0b40cb69 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.8/Ex12_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Example 8// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+a=2;
+b=5.3;
+alpha=(b/a)^0.33;
+r1=1.385;//radii of intersheaths in cm
+r2=1.92;//radii of intersheaths in cm
+r=1;//conductor radius in cm
+ri=2.65;//sheath of inside radius in cm
+V=66;//voltage in kv
+Vpeak=66*sqrt(2)/sqrt(3);//peak voltage
+V2=Vpeak/(1+1/alpha+(1/alpha)^2);//in kV
+V1=(1+1/r1)*V2;//in kV
+printf("%f kV",V2)
+printf("%f kV",V1)
+Emax0=Vpeak/(r*log(ri/r));
+printf("max stress without sheaths %f kV/cm",Emax0)
+Emin0=Vpeak/(ri*log(ri/r));
+printf("min stress without sheaths %f kV/cm",Emin0)
+Emax=3*Emax0/(1+alpha+alpha^2);
+printf("max stress %f kV/cm",Emax)
+Emin=Emax/alpha;
+printf("min stress %f kV/cm",Emin)
+
diff --git a/3523/CH12/EX12.17.9/Ex12_9.sce b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.9/Ex12_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9dc85908f --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH12/EX12.17.9/Ex12_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 9// Ch 12
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+V = -18.2;//in kV
+V1 = 45.2;//in kV
+V2 = 23;//in kV
+
+E1max = 2.28*(V-V1);//max stress in layers
+E2max = 2.12*(V1-V2);//max stress in layers
+E3max = 2.06*V2;//max stress in layers
+
+// as E1max=E2max=E3max=Emax
+Emax = 2.06*V2;
+printf("max stress is %f kV",Emax)
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.1/Ex16_1.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.1/Ex16_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f60e630df --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.1/Ex16_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+iload=5*1e-3;//Load current in A
+
+//Capacitances of Cockcroft-Waltobn type voltage doubler in F
+C1=0.01*1e-6;
+C2=0.05*1e-6;
+
+f=50;//frequency in Hz
+Vs=100*1e3//Supply voltage in V
+
+//Ripple voltage in volt
+dv=iload/(C2*f)
+printf('Ripple voltage in V %f',dv)
+
+//Voltage drop in Volt
+Vdrop=iload/f*(1/C1+1/(2*C2))
+printf('Voltage drop in V %f',Vdrop)
+
+//Average output voltage
+V_av=2*sqrt(2)*Vs-Vdrop//in V
+printf('Avarage voltage in V %f',V_av)
+
+//Ripple factor
+RF=Vdrop/(2*sqrt(2)*Vs)*100//in percentage
+printf('Ripple voltage in percentage %f',RF)
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.10/Ex16_10.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.10/Ex16_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d675c739 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.10/Ex16_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+n=12;//no ofstage
+C1=0.125*1e-6;//Each stage capacitor in F
+C2=1000e-12;//Load capacitance in F
+R1=70;//Front resistance in ohm
+R2=400;//Tail resistance in ohm
+
+R1T=R1*n;
+R2T=R2*n;
+C1T=C1/n;
+
+theta=sqrt(C1T*C2*R1T*R2T);
+
+eta=1/(1+(1+R1T/R2T)*C2/C1T);
+
+alpha=R2T*C1T/(2*eta*theta);
+
+//Wavetail time in us
+T2=7*theta*1e6;
+printf('Wave tail time in us %f',T2)
+
+//Wave front time in us
+T1=T2/25;
+printf('Wave front time in us %f',T1)
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.11/Ex16_11.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.11/Ex16_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4617fb4a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.11/Ex16_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+C = 8*10^-6;//in Farad
+L = 8*10^-6;//in Henry
+V = 25*10^3;//in V
+T1 = 8;//in us time for the first peak
+ohmega = 0.02*10^-6;//in sec^-1
+R = sqrt((4*L/C)-(4*L^2*ohmega^2));
+printf("resistance is %f ohms \n",R)
+gama = R/(2*L);//in sec^-1
+printf("parameter gama is %f sec^-1 \n",gama)
+
+//Now eq for generated impulse pulse is I(t)= 156.25*10^3exp(-12.3*10^4t)sin(0.02*10^6t)A
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.2/Ex16_2.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.2/Ex16_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8970b928b --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.2/Ex16_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +
+clear all
+clc
+close
+
+iload=5*1e-3;//Load current in A
+
+//Capacitances of Cockcroft-Waltobn type voltage tripler in F
+C1=0.01*1e-6;
+C2=0.05*1e-6;
+C3=0.10*1e-6;
+
+f=50;//frequency in Hz
+Vs=100*1e3//Supply voltage in V
+
+//Ripple voltage in V
+dv=iload/f*(2/C1+1/C3)
+printf('Ripple voltage in V %f',dv)
+
+//Voltage drop in V
+Vdrop=iload/f*(1/C2+1/C1+1/(2*C3))
+printf('Voltage drop in V %f',Vdrop)
+
+//Average output voltage in V
+V_av=3*sqrt(2)*Vs-Vdrop
+printf('Avarage voltage in V %f',V_av)
+
+//Ripple factor in percentage
+RF=Vdrop/(3*Vs*sqrt(2))*100
+printf('Ripple voltage in percentage %f',RF)
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.3/Ex16_3.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.3/Ex16_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..890ebaa64 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.3/Ex16_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+Vs=200*1e3//Supply voltage
+f=50//Frequency in Hz
+n=12//Number of stages
+
+C=0.15*1e-6//Each stage capacitance in F
+iload=5*1e-3//Load current in A
+
+//Ripple voltage in V
+dv=iload/(f*C*2)*n*(n+1)
+printf('Ripple voltage in V %f',dv)
+
+//Voltage drop in V
+Vdrop=iload/(f*C)*(2*n^3/3+n^2/2-n/6+n*(n+1)/4)
+printf('Voltage drop in V %f',Vdrop)
+
+//Average output voltage in V
+V_av=2*n*sqrt(2)*Vs-Vdrop
+printf('Avarage voltage in V %f',V_av)
+
+//Ripple factor in percentage
+RF=Vdrop/(2*n*Vs*sqrt(2))*100
+printf('Ripple voltage in percentage %f',RF)
+
+//Otimum number of stages
+nopt=sqrt(sqrt(2)*f*C*Vs/iload)
+printf('Optimum number of stgaes for minimum voltage drop %f',int(nopt))
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.4/Ex16_4.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.4/Ex16_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f8d862a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.4/Ex16_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+f=50;//Power frequency
+xl=8/100;//leakage reactance
+r=3.5/100;//resistance
+Vc=500;//Charging voltage in kV
+Ic=4;//Charging current in A
+capc=100;//kVA rating of transformer
+vhigh=250;//Voltage rating of secondary of transformer in kV
+vlow=220;//Voltage rating of primary of transformer in V
+
+//Reactance of cable in kiloohm
+Xc=Vc/Ic
+
+//Leakage recatance of transformer in kiloohm
+XL=xl*(vhigh^2/capc)
+
+//Additional series inductance
+xh=Xc-XL;
+
+//Inductance of the required series inductor in Henry
+L=xh/(2*%pi*f)*1e3;
+printf('Inductance of the required series inductor in %f Henry \n',L)
+
+//Total circuit resistance in kiloohm
+R=r*(vhigh^2/capc)
+
+//The maxium current can be supplied by transformer in A
+I=capc/vhigh;
+
+Vsec = I*R;
+printf("exciting voltage on the transformer secondary %f kV \n",Vsec)
+
+//Exciting voltage of secondary of transformer in kV
+Vexsec=I*R;
+
+//Input voltage to primary of transformer in V
+Vin=Vexsec*1e3*vlow/(vhigh*1e3);
+printf('Input voltage to primary of transformer in %f V \n',Vin)
+
+//Input power to transformer in kW
+Pin=Vin*capc/vlow
+printf('Input power to primary of transformer in %f kW \n',Pin)
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.5/Ex16_5.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.5/Ex16_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ce5d76375 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.5/Ex16_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+u=10//speed of belt in m/s
+w=0.1//width of the belt in m
+rhos=0.5*1e-6//surface charge density on the belt in C/m^2
+Rleak=1e14//Resistanc ein ohm
+
+//Charging current in A
+I=rhos*u*w
+printf('Charging current in uA %f',I*1e6)
+
+//Potentail difference between the dome and the base in V
+V=I*Rleak
+printf('Potentail difference between the dome and the base in MV is %f',V/1e6)
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.6/Ex16_6.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.6/Ex16_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0bfdbc538 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.6/Ex16_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+C1=0.125*10^-6;//in Farad
+C2=1*10^-9;//in Farad
+R1=360;//in ohms
+R2=544;//in ohms
+theta = sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2);//in usec
+n = 1/[1+(1+(R1/R2))*(C2/C1)];
+alpha = (R2*C1)/(2*theta*n);
+printf("theta parameter of wave eq %f us \n",theta*10^6)
+printf("n the parameter of circuit eq %f \n",n)
+printf("alpha parameter of circuit eq %f \n",alpha)
+T2 = 10.1*theta;//duration of lightning impulse pulse in us
+T1 = T2/45;//duration of lightning impulse pulse in us
+printf("duration of lightning impulse pulse %f us \n",T2*10^6)
+printf("duration of lightning impulse pulse %f us \n",T1*10^6)
+//answer in the book for T1 is wrong
+
+T = T1/T2;
+printf("generated lighting impulse is %f us \n",T)
+alpha1 = [alpha-sqrt((alpha^2)-1)]/theta;//in us^-1
+alpha2 = [alpha+sqrt((alpha^2)-1)]/theta;//in us^-1
+printf("aplha1 parameter of wave eq is %f us^-1 \n",alpha1*10^-6)
+printf("aplha1 parameter of wave eq is %f us^1 \n",alpha2*10^-6)
+
+//answer in the book is slightly different
+// Now eq of waveform of generated pulse is e(t)=99.75(e^-0.015t - e^-2.77t)
+
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.7/Ex16_7.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.7/Ex16_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..69044cc5c --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.7/Ex16_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+C1=0.125*10^-6;//in Farad
+C2=1*10^-9;//in Farad
+R1=360;//in ohms
+R2=544;//in ohms
+theta = sqrt(C1*C2*R1*R2);//in usec
+n = 1/[1+(R1/R2)+(C2/C1)];
+alpha = (R2*C1)/(2*theta*n);
+printf("theta parameter of wave eq %f us \n",theta*10^6)
+printf("n the parameter of circuit eq %f \n",n)
+printf("alpha parameter of circuit eq %f \n",alpha)
+T2 = 16.25*theta;//duration of lightning impulse pulse in us
+T1 = T2/120;//duration of lightning impulse pulse in us
+printf("duration of lightning impulse pulse %f us \n",T2*10^6)
+printf("duration of lightning impulse pulse %f us \n",T1*10^6)
+//answer in the book for T1 is wrong
+
+T = T1/T2;
+printf("generated lighting impulse is %f us \n",T)
+alpha1 = [alpha-sqrt((alpha^2)-1)]/theta;//in us^-1
+alpha2 = [alpha+sqrt((alpha^2)-1)]/theta;//in us^-1
+printf("aplha1 parameter of wave eq is %f us^-1 \n",alpha1*10^-6)
+printf("aplha1 parameter of wave eq is %f us^1 \n",alpha2*10^-6)
+
+// Now eq of waveform of generated pulse is e(t)=60.2(e^-0.0088t - e^-4.62t)
+
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.8/Ex16_8.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.8/Ex16_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b9b5b921d --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.8/Ex16_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+//Elements of circuits
+C1=0.125*1e-6;//in F
+C2=1e-9;//in F
+
+T1=250*1e-6;
+T2=2500*1e-6;
+alpha=4;
+theta=T2/6;
+
+X=(1+C2/C1)*1/alpha^2;
+R1=alpha*theta/C2*(1-sqrt(1-X));//in ohm
+
+R2=alpha*theta/(C1+C2)*(1+sqrt(1-X));//in ohm
+
+//Circuit efficiency
+eta=1/(1+(1+R1/R2)*C2/C1)
+printf('Circuit efficiency %f',eta)
diff --git a/3523/CH16/EX16.7.9/Ex16_9.sce b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.9/Ex16_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d656858b --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH16/EX16.7.9/Ex16_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+n=8;//no ofstage
+C1=0.16*1e-6;//Each stage capacitor in F
+C2=1e-9;//Load capacitance in F
+T2=50*1e-6;
+T1=1.2*1e-6;
+Vch=120;//Charging voltage in kV
+
+//Total capacitance in F
+CT=C1/n;
+
+alpha=6.4;
+theta=T2/9.5;
+
+X=(1+C2/C1)/alpha^2;
+R1=alpha*theta/C2*(1-sqrt(1-X));//in ohm
+
+R2=alpha*theta/(CT+C2)*(1+sqrt(1-X));//in ohm
+//Perstage shaping resistance in ohm
+printf('Perstage shaping resistance in %f ohm',R1/n)
+
+Vdc=n*Vch;
+eta=1/(1+(1+R1/R2)*C2/CT)
+
+//Maximum output voltage
+Vmax=eta*Vdc;
+printf('Maxium output voltage in %f kV',Vmax)
+
+//Energy rating in J
+E=0.5*CT*(Vdc*1e3)^2;
+printf('Energy rating in %f J',E)
diff --git a/3523/CH19/EX19.18.1/Ex19_1.sce b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.1/Ex19_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9d0424ca9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.1/Ex19_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+qm=10*1e-6;//q/m ratio in C/kg
+E=8*1e5;//Electric field in V/m
+g=9.8;//Universal gravitational constant
+
+y=-1;//in meters
+t=sqrt(-2*y/g);
+
+//Calculation of separation distance between particles
+x=(qm*E*t^2)/2;
+printf('Distance of separation between particles in %f m',2*x)
diff --git a/3523/CH19/EX19.18.10/Ex19_10.sce b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.10/Ex19_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bc9d1af21 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.10/Ex19_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+a=25*10^-6;//jet radius in m
+b=750*10^-6;//concentric cylinder of radius
+q=50*10^-12;//charge
+l = 120*10^-6;//length of jet inside the cylinder
+Epsilon_o = 8.84*10^-12;
+C=(2*%pi*Epsilon_o*l)/log(b/a);
+printf("capacitance is %e F",C)
+r=50*10^-6;//drop radius
+Vp = (3*a^2*log(b/a)*q)/(8*%pi*Epsilon_o*r^3);
+printf("min voltage required for generating drops %f kV",Vp/1e3)
diff --git a/3523/CH19/EX19.18.2/Ex19_2.sce b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.2/Ex19_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..50a38bfc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.2/Ex19_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+rho=30*1e-3;//Charge density in C/m^3
+Vo=30*1e3;//Voltage in V
+
+//Calculation of pumping pressure
+P=Vo*rho;
+printf('Pumping pressure is %f N/m^2',P)
diff --git a/3523/CH19/EX19.18.4/Ex19_4.sce b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.4/Ex19_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..277da7f06 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.4/Ex19_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+dia=0.03*1e-3;//Diameter of drop in m
+rho=2000;//Desnity of ink in kg/m
+vz=25;//velocity in z direction in m/sec
+L1=15*1e-3;//Length of deflection plate in m
+L2=12*1e-3;//distance from the exit end of the deflection plate to the print surface in m
+q=100*1e-15;//Charge of drop in C
+d=2*1e-3;//Spacing in m
+Vo=3500;//Charging voltage in V
+
+//Mass of drop in kg
+m=(4/3)*%pi*rho*(dia/2)^3;
+
+to=L1/vz;
+vxo=q*Vo*to/(m*d);
+xo=0.5*vxo*to;
+
+t1=(L1+L2)/vz;
+printf("time required for the drop to reach the print surface is %f s \n",t1)
+
+//Calculation of vertical displacement of the drop on the print surface in mm
+x1=xo+vxo*(t1-to);
+printf('Vertical displacement of the drop on the print surface is %f m \n',x1)
diff --git a/3523/CH19/EX19.18.5/Ex19_5.sce b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.5/Ex19_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e525cf81a --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.5/Ex19_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+epsr=2.8;//Dielectric constant of plastic
+epso=8.84*1e-12;//Permittivity of air in F/m
+rho_s=25*1e-6;//Surface charge in C/m^3
+a=25*1e-6;//Thickness of palstic in m
+b=75*1e-6;//distance in m
+
+//Calculation of electric stress in the foil/plastic laminate in MV/m
+Ea=b*rho_s/(a*epso+b*epso*epsr)
+printf('Electric stress Ea in the foil/plastic laminate in %f MV/m \n',Ea/1e6)
+
+Eb=a*rho_s/(a*epso+b*epso*epsr);
+printf("field inside the electret %f V/m \n",Eb)
+//Calculation of charge desnity in uC/m^2
+rho_sc=epso*Eb;
+printf('Calculation of charge desnity in %f uC/m^2 \n',rho_sc*1e6)
diff --git a/3523/CH19/EX19.18.6/Ex19_6.sce b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.6/Ex19_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07f9f6e3f --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.6/Ex19_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+epso=8.84*1e-12;//Permittivity of air in F/m
+mui=1.5*1e-4;//Mobility in m^2/sec.V
+V=100;//Applied voltage in V
+d=0.01;//Distance between two parallel plates in m
+mus=0.001*mui;//Miobility of charged smoke particles
+
+//Calculation of current density in nA/m^2
+J=4*epso*mus*V^2/d^3;
+printf('Calculation of current density in %f nA/m^2',J*1e9)
diff --git a/3523/CH19/EX19.18.7/Ex19_7.sce b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.7/Ex19_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a8ba67064 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.7/Ex19_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+epso=8.84*1e-12;//Permittivity of air in F/m
+rho=15*1e-3;//Charge density in C/m^3
+Ebd=3*1e6;//Breakdown voltage in V/m
+
+//Thickness of dust layer in mm
+dbd=Ebd*epso/rho
+printf('Thickness of dust layer is %f mm',dbd*1e3)
diff --git a/3523/CH19/EX19.18.8/Ex19_8.sce b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.8/Ex19_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c7d5cdd1e --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.8/Ex19_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+mi=133*1.67*1e-27;//Mass of cesium in kg
+qi=1.6*1e-19;//Charge in C
+Va=3500;//Accelerating voltage in V
+I=0.2;//Ion current in A
+
+//Calculation of velocity of ejected ions in km/s
+vi=sqrt(2*qi*Va/mi);
+printf('Velocity of ejected ions is %f m/s',vi)
+
+//Calculation of propulsion force in mN
+F=vi*mi*I/qi
+printf('propulsion force is %f N',F)
diff --git a/3523/CH19/EX19.18.9/Ex19_9.sce b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.9/Ex19_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3a2a32a61 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH19/EX19.18.9/Ex19_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+V = 120*10^3;//voltage b/w collecting parallel plates in V
+d=0.6;//in meters
+y1=1.2;//vertical dimension of the plates in m
+cm = 10*10^-6;//charge to mass ratio in C/kg
+g =-9.8;//gravitational force
+//intergrating -9.8t with initial conditions we obtain y = -4.9t^2
+y = 4.9;//at t=y0
+t0 = sqrt(y1/y);
+printf("phosphate particle exit plate at %f sec",t0)
+EF = (cm*V)/d;//velosity of particle in x direction is governed by electrostatic force
+printf("electrostatic force %f m/s^2",EF)
+//integrating twice and subsituting initial conditions we have x = t^2; t=t0
+x=(t0)^2;
+printf("particle exits the plate at %f m",x)
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH2/EX2.8.11/Ex2_11.sce b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.11/Ex2_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da2d6bdb2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.11/Ex2_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 11// Ch 2
+clear all
+clc
+close
+
+phi1=0;
+phi3=10;
+
+phir=[phi1;phi3];
+sl=[1.25 -0.014;-0.014 0.8381]; //elements of global stiffness matrix
+sr=-[-0.7786 -0.4571;-0.4571 -0.3667];//elements of global stiffness matrix
+
+phil=inv(sl)*sr*phir
+
+printf('value of potentials at the nodes are %f \n',phil)
diff --git a/3523/CH2/EX2.8.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..79e6390bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Example 5 // Ch 2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data :
+R=0.25; // in meter sphere radius
+R1=0.75;//gap b/w two spheres in meters
+S=1; // in meter is equal to R1+R2
+S1=0.067; // in meter
+S2=0.0048;
+S3=0.01795;
+S4=0.00128;
+Epsilon_o=8.85*1e-12;
+Q1 = %pi*Epsilon_o;
+
+Q=Q1/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o);
+Qp=S1*Q;
+Qpp=S2*Q;
+F1=Q/R^2+Qp/(R-S1)^2+Qpp/(R-S1)^2;
+
+Qs=0.25*Q;
+Qsp=0.01795*Q;
+Qspp=0.00128*Q;
+F2=Qs/(R1-S1)^2+Qsp/(R1-S1)^2+Qspp/(R1-S1)^2
+
+E=F1+F2
+
+printf("Max field at surface is %e V/m",E)
+// NOTE: answer in the book is wrong as Q = Q1/2*%pi*Epsilon_o
+
diff --git a/3523/CH2/EX2.8.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..eb05ca5ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +// Example 6 // Ch 2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+V=400*10^3; // applied voltage in kV
+r_eq=0.08874; // equivalent radius in meters
+H=12; // bundle height in meters
+d=9; // pole to pole spacing in meters
+Epsilon_o=8.85*10^-12;
+x=sqrt((2*H)^2 + d^2);
+Q = (V*2*%pi*Epsilon_o) / [(log(2*H/r_eq)) - log(x/d)];
+q = Q/2;
+printf("charge per bundle is %e C/m \n",Q)
+printf("charge per subconductor is %e C/m \n",q)
+r = 0.0175; //subconductor radius in meters
+R = 0.45; //subconductor-to-subconductor spacing in meters
+q = 2.44*1e-6; //charge per subconductor in C/m
+d = 9; //in meters
+Epsilon_o = 8.85*10^-12; //in F/m
+x=[(1/r) + (1/R)];
+y=[(1/r) - (1/R)];
+
+Max = (q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*(x); //maximum surface field in V/m
+printf("maximum surface field is %e V/m \n ", Max)
+
+Min = (q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[y]; //minimum surface field in V/m
+printf("minimum surface field is %f V/m \n", Min)
+
+Avg = (q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1/r]; //average surface field in V/m
+printf("average surface field is %f V/m \n", Avg)
+
+E_01 = [(q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1/r + 1/R]] - [(q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1/(d+r)+1/(d+R+r)]];//field at outer point of subconductor in V/m
+disp(E_01, "field at outer point of subconductor 1(V/m) =")
+E_02 = [(q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1/r + 1/R]] - [(q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1/(d-R-r)+1/(d-r)]];
+disp(E_02, "field at outer point of subconductor 2(V/m) =")
+E_l1 = [(q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1/r - 1/R] - (q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1/(d-r)+1/(d+R-r)]];
+disp(E_l1, "field at inner point of subconductor 1(V/m) =")
+E_l2 = [(q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1/r - 1/R] - (q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1/(d-R-r)+1/(d+R)]];
+disp(E_l2, "field at inner point of subconductor 2(V/m) =")
+Avg = (E_01 + E_02)/2 // average maximum gradient in V/m
+disp(Avg, "average maximum gradient is")
+
+//answers in the book is wrong for subconductor 2, El1 and El2
diff --git a/3523/CH2/EX2.8.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..da1c888aa --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +// Example 7// Ch 2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+q = 1; // line charge in C/m
+Epsilon_o=8.85*10^-12;
+x1 = [1/3 + 1/7];//infinite sequence
+x2 = [1 + 1/5 + 1/9];//infinite sequence
+x3 = [1/5 + 1/9];//infinite sequence
+E = (q/(2*%pi*Epsilon_o))*[1 - x1 + x2 + x3 - x1];
+printf("total electric field is %e V/m",E)
+// answer by this program is the round of value
diff --git a/3523/CH2/EX2.8.8/Ex2_8.sce b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.8/Ex2_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..67e023d12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH2/EX2.8.8/Ex2_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +// Example 7// Ch 2
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+z=10; //length of graded cylindrical bushing in cm
+a=2; // radius of conductor inside bushing in cm
+V=150; //AC voltage in kV
+E_bd=50; // field strength in kV/cm
+x0 = 2;
+x1 = 6.24;
+t_gd = V*sqrt(2)/E_bd;
+printf("thickness of graded design is %f cm \n", t_gd)
+zr = z*(t_gd + a);// bushing length must satisfy curve for the profile
+printf("bushing length %f cm^2", zr)
+V1 = integrate('4*%pi*zr','r',x0,x1);
+printf("volume of graded design is %f cm^2 \n", V1)
+t = 2*[exp(t_gd/2)-1];
+printf("thickness of regular design is %f cm \n",t)
+V2 = %pi*[(a + t)^2 - (a^2)];
+printf("volume of regular design is %f cm^2 \n",V2)
+// Note: There is caluclation error to find the volume of regular design.
+// So answer in the book is wrong
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..99ef09c22 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 1// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+R=8314; // gas constant in J/kg.mol.K
+T=300; // temperature 27 deg C, 27+293=300K
+M=32; // oxygen is diatomic
+v = sqrt(3*R*(T/M));
+printf("speed of oxygen molecule %f m/s",v)
+// Note: Value of R is given wrong in book
+// So answer in the book is wrong
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f323cc75 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 10// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+l=200*10^-10;// wavelength in angstrom
+h=4.15*10^-15;//planks constant
+c=3*10^8;//speed of light
+me=9.11*10^-31;
+BE=13.6;//binding energy in eV
+PE=(h*c)/l;//in eV
+printf("photon enegy %f eV",PE)
+KE = PE-BE;//in eV
+printf("kinetic energy of photoelectron %f ev",KE)
+ve=sqrt((2*KE*1.6*10^-19)/me);
+printf("velosity of photoelectron %e m/s",ve)
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8830f36a --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 11// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+I = 1;
+I0 = 6;
+x=20;//in cm
+u = -(1/x)*log(I/I0);
+printf("absorption coefficient %f cm^-1",u)
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9890502cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 12// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+c=3*10^8;
+h=4.15*10^-15;
+lmax=1000*10^-10;
+We=(c*h)/lmax;
+printf("binding energy of gas %f eV",We)
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5e6198019 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 14// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+p=1.01*10^5/760;// 1 torr in N/m2
+k=1.38*10^-23;
+T=273; //in Kelvin
+n=85*10^2;//no of collisions per meter
+N=p/(k*T);
+printf("no of gas molecules %e atoms/m^3",N)
+r_a=sqrt(n/(%pi*N*1));
+printf("diameter of argon atom %e m",r_a)
+
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.15/Ex3_15.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.15/Ex3_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..384adafc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.15/Ex3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 15// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+Ie=3;//current flow in amperes
+A=8*10^-4;//area of the electrodes in m^2
+V=20;//voltage across the electrodes
+d=0.8;//spacing between the electrodes in meters
+n_e=1*10^17;//electron density in m^-3
+e=1.6*10^-19;
+ke=(Ie*d)/(A*V*n_e*e);
+printf("mobility of electrons %f m^2/sV",ke)
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.17/Ex3_17.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.17/Ex3_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..07a506577 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.17/Ex3_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +//Example 17// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+E = 5; //electric field in V/m
+n_o = 10^11; //ion density in ions/m3
+T = 293; // in kelvin
+z = 0.02; //distance in meters
+e = 1.6*10^-19; //in couloumb
+k = 1.38*10^-23; // in m2 kg s-2 K-1
+n1 = n_o*exp((-e*E*z)/(k*T));//ion density 0.02m away
+n2 = n_o*exp((e*E*z)/(k*T));//ion density -0.02m away
+printf("ion density 0.02m away %e ions/m^3 \n",n1)
+printf("ion density -0.02m away %e ions/m^3 \n",n2)
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.18/Ex3_18.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.18/Ex3_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3af5b30d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.18/Ex3_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 18// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+E = 250; //electric field in V/m
+r1 = 0.3*10^-3//intial diameter of cloud in meters
+k = 1.38*10^-23;//in m2 kg s-2 K-1
+T = 293; //in kelvin
+e = 1.6*10^-19;// in couloumb
+z = 0.05;//drift distance in meters
+r = (6*k*T*z)/(e*E);//diameter before drift
+printf("diameter before drift %e m \n",r)
+r2 = sqrt (r1^2 + r );//diamter after drifting a distance
+printf("diameter after drift %e m \n",r2)
+// round off value calculated for r and r2
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.19/Ex3_19.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.19/Ex3_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18960a5b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.19/Ex3_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 19// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+a = 9003;//constant in m-1kPa-1
+B = 256584;//in V/m.kPa
+p = 0.5;//in kPa
+M = 1/(a*p);//mean free path in meters
+printf("mean free path of electron in nitrogen %e m",M)
+Vi = B/a; //ionization potential of nitrogen
+printf("ionization potential of nitrogen %f V",Vi)
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6438a0b9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +// Example 2// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+R=8314; // gas constant in J/kg.mol.K
+T=298;//in kelvin
+M=32; // oxygen is diatomic
+m=2*10^-3; // in kg
+p=1.01*10^5; // 1 atm=1.01*10^5 N/m2
+G = (m*R*T)/(M*p);//volume of gas
+
+x=(3/2)*p;//no. of molecules per unit volume where x=N*0.5*m*v^2 is given as (3/2)*p)
+printf("volume of gas %e m^3 \n",G)
+KE = x*G;//total translational kinetic energy
+printf("total translational kinetic energy is %f J \n",KE)
+// Note: Value of G is calculated in book is wrong
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..287151af2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +// Example 3// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+R=8314; // gas constant in J/kg.mol.K
+T=300; // temperature 27 deg C, 27+293=300K
+me=0.10; //mean free path in meters
+rm=1.7*10^-10 //molecular radius in angstrom
+M=28 //im mole^-1
+m0=4.8*10^-26 //mass of nitrogen molecule
+N = 1/[4*%pi*((rm)^2)*me]; // no. of molecules in gas
+printf("no. of molecules %e",N)
+p = [(N*m0)/M]*R*T; // max pressure in chamber in N/m2
+printf("max pressure in chamber %f N/m2",p)
+// Note: Calculation in the book is wrong So answer in the book is wrong
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.4/Ex3_4.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.4/Ex3_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0e20dd028 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.4/Ex3_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +// Example 4// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+v = 1.6*10^-19; // avg kinetic energy in j
+k = 1.38*10^-23 //boltzmann constant in J/K
+T = (2*v)/(3*k);
+printf("temperature %e K",T)
+
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c2e6edcd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 6// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+m = 1;//in kg
+M=2.016;//molecular weight of helium
+k = 8314// gas constant in J/kg.mol.K
+p = 1.01*10^5;//1 atm=1.01*10^5 N/m2
+T = 273;//in kelvin
+G = m*k*T/(M*p);//volume of 1kg of helium in m^3
+printf("volume of 1kg of helium is %f m^3",G)
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..54e34d33f --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +// Example 6// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+z1=-1;//ion at a distance equal to mean free path, -x=mfp
+z2=-5;//ion at a distance equal to five times the mean free path, -x=5mfp
+//n0 is the density of ions at the origin
+n1 = exp(z1);//density of ions at distance equal to the mean free path
+n2 = exp(z2);//density of ions at distance equal to five times the mean free path
+printf("density of ions at distance equal to the mean free path %fn0",n1)
+printf("density of ions at distance equal to five times the mean free path %fn0",n2)
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.7/Ex3_7.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.7/Ex3_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b4fb82dc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.7/Ex3_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +// Example 7// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+N = 178*10^-3 //gas density in kg/m^3
+p = 1.01*10^5 //pressure
+v = sqrt((3*p)/N); //mean square velosity of helium atoms
+printf("mean square velosity of helium atoms %f m/s",v)
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..414cc4249 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +//Example 8// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+k = 1.38*10^-21; //boltzmanns constant
+T = 293; // temperature in K
+e = 1.6*10^-19;
+E = (1.5*k*T)/e;
+printf("energy of free electron %f eV",E)
diff --git a/3523/CH3/EX3.7.9/Ex3_9.sce b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.9/Ex3_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a6cc6279 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH3/EX3.7.9/Ex3_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 9// Ch 3
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+d = 0.075; //density of solid atomic hydrogen in g/cm^3
+N_A = 6.0224*10^23; //1g of H consists of N_A atoms
+N = N_A*d; // number of atoms/cm^3
+printf("no. of atoms/cm^3 %e",N)
+x = 1/N;//avg volume occupied by one atom in cm^3
+y = (x)^(1/3);//avg seperation between atoms in cm
+printf("avg vokume occupied by one atom %e cm^3",x)
+printf("avg seperation between atoms %e cm",y)
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbb15ecd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +//Example 1// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+I1 = 2.7*10^-8;//steady state current in Amperes
+V = 10; //voltage in kV
+d1 = 0.005; //spacing between the plane electrodes in meters
+d2 = 0.01; // spacing incresed in meters
+I2 = 2.7*10^-7;//increased steady state current in amperes
+e = 1.6*10^-19;
+x = 1/(d2-d1);
+y = log(I2/I1);
+alpha = x*y;//ionization coefficient
+printf("ionization coefficient %f m^-1",alpha)
+I0 = I1*exp(-alpha*d1);//photoelctric current
+printf("photoelectric current %e A",I0)
+n0 = I0/e;
+printf("no of electrons emitted from cathode %e electrons/s",n0)
+
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.10/Ex4_10.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.10/Ex4_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9b777c450 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.10/Ex4_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +//Example 10// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+d = 0.001; //in meters
+p = 101.3; //in kPa
+alpha = (17.7 + log(d))/d;//ionization coefficient in m^-1
+x = alpha/p; //in m^-1kPa^-1
+s = 11253.7; //constant in m-1kPa-1
+B = 273840; //constant in V/m kPa
+E1 = p/((-1/B)*log(x/s));// in V/m
+Vs1 = E1*d; //break down voltage in V
+printf("ionization coefficient %f m^-1 \n",alpha)
+printf("electric field %e V/m \n",E1)
+printf("breakdown voltage %f kV \n",Vs1*10^-3)
+E2 = 468*10^4;// in V/m
+Vs2 = E2*d;//breakdown voltage by meel and loeb's eq
+printf("breakdown voltage %f kV \n",Vs2*10^-3)
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.11/Ex4_11.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.11/Ex4_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..018fb93d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.11/Ex4_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 11// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+d = 0.05; //electron current of an avalanche in uniform field gap of d in meters
+t = 0.2*10^-6; //current decline abruptly in t sec
+tc = 35*10^-9; //time constant
+ve = d/t;//electron drift velocity in m/s
+alpha = 1/(tc*ve);//townsend's ionization coefficient
+printf("electron drift velocity %e m/s",ve)
+printf("ionization coefficient %f m^-1",alpha)
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.12/Ex4_12.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.12/Ex4_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fc8682536 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.12/Ex4_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +//Example 12// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+V = 200;//alternating voltage in kV(rms)
+x = 0.1;//uniform gap in meters
+f = 50;//frequency of voltage in Hz
+k = 1.4*10^-4;//mobility of positive ions in m2/s.V
+Ea = V*sqrt(2)*10^3/x;//alternating field in V/m
+printf("alternating field %e V/m",Ea)
+w = k*Ea/(2*%pi*f);
+t = sinm(x/w)/314;
+printf("travel time of positive ions from one electrode to other %f sec",t)
+fmax = k*Ea/(2*%pi*x)
+printf("maximum frequency that can be applied %f Hz",fmax)
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.2/Ex4_2.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.2/Ex4_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..777c725ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.2/Ex4_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +//Example 2// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+I = 10^9;
+alpha = 460.5;//ionization coefficient
+d = log(I)/alpha;//electrode spacing in meter
+printf("electrode spacing %f m",d)
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.3/Ex4_3.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.3/Ex4_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4fd8ae6e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.3/Ex4_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Example 3// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+a=4*1e4;
+b=15*1e5;
+lb=0;
+ub=0.0005;
+i=integrate('(a-b*sqrt(x))','x',lb,ub)
+as=exp(i);//Avalanche size
+printf('Avalache size %f',as)
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1bdc6319d --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +//Example 4// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+
+a=7.5*1e5;
+b=-4*1e4;
+c=59.97;
+p = poly([c, b,a], 'x', 'c');
+alpha=roots(p);
+printf('The distance it must travel to produce an avalanche of 1E9 electrons is (in m) %f',alpha(2))
+
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.5/Ex4_5.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.5/Ex4_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c8ee424ad --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.5/Ex4_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +clear all
+clc
+close
+
+a=7.5*1e5;
+b=-4*1e4;
+c=43.75;
+p = poly([c, b,a], 'x', 'c');
+alpha=roots(p);
+printf('Minimum distance measured from the cathode at which an electron may start an avalanche having a size of 1E19 is (in m) %f',alpha(2))
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5503972ee --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +//Example 7// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+V = 9*10^3; //in V
+d = 0.002;//two parallel plates spaced by distance d in meters
+// 1/mean free path is equal to a*p where a is constant
+s = 11253.7;//constant value in m^-1kPa^-1
+B = 273840;//constant value in V/mkPa
+p = 101.3;// in kPa
+E = V/d;
+t = (-B*p)/E;
+alpha = p * s * exp(t);
+printf("electric field %e V/m \n",E)
+printf("ionization cofficient %f m^-1 \n",alpha)
+z = 1/(exp(alpha*d)-1);//secondary coefficient of ionization
+printf("secondary coefficient of ionization %f \n",z)
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..599f0f4d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Example 8// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+//current between two parallel plates were 1.22,1.82,2.22 of the initiating photocurrent I1,I2,I3
+x = 1.22;//x is I1/I0 I1=1.22I0
+y = 1.82;//y is I2/I0 I2=1.82I0
+w = 2.22;//z is I3/I0 I3=2.22I0
+d1 = 0.005; //in meters
+d2 = 0.01504; //in meters
+d3 = 0.019; //in meters
+// first ionization coefficients alpha1, alpha2 and alpha3
+alpha1 = log(x)/d1;
+alpha2 = log(y)/d2;
+alpha3 = log(w)/d3;
+printf("first ionization coefficient %f m^-1 \n",alpha1)
+printf("second ionization coefficient %f m^-1 \n",alpha2)
+printf("third ionization coefficient %f m^-1 \n",alpha3)
+// E/p and p were maintained constant so at d3 the secondary ionization coefficient mechanism must be acting without any change in alpha
+z = (w - exp(alpha1*d3))/(w*(exp(alpha1*d3)-1));//secondary ionization coefficient
+printf("secondary ionization coefficient %f \n",z)
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH4/EX4.10.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2c8eafac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH4/EX4.10.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 9// Ch 4
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+E = 1596; //in V/m
+p = 0.133; //in kPa
+a = E/p; // in V/m kPa kept constant as in example 8
+alpha1 = 39.8;//from example 8
+z = 0.0363; //from example 8
+d = (1/alpha1)*[log(1/z + 1)];//distance at the transition to a self-sustained discharge
+printf("distance at the transition to a self-sustained discharge %f m",d)
+V = E*d;//voltage at the transition to a self sustained discharge
+printf("Voltage at the transition to a self sustained discharge %f V",V)
diff --git a/3523/CH5/EX5.6.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..003adc9cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +//Example 10// Ch 5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+m1=0.92;//smoothness coefficient
+m2=0.95;//weather coefficient
+Deq=600;//mean geometric distance b/w conductors in cm
+V = 275;//line operating at voltage V in kV
+p=75;//pressure in cm Hg
+t = 35;//in degree C
+r=1;//radius of conductors in cm
+delta=3.92*p/(273+t);//relative air density
+printf("relative air density %f",delta)
+E0=30*delta*(1+0.3/sqrt(delta*r))*m1*m2;//corona onset field
+printf("corona onset field %f kVpeak/cm",E0)
+V0 = E0*log(Deq);//onset voltage in kVpeak
+printf("onset voltage %f kVpeak",V0)
+V0rms=V0/sqrt(2);//rms onset voltage
+printf("rms onset voltage %f kV",V0rms)
+V0ll=V0rms*sqrt(3);//onset voltage line to line
+printf("line to line onset voltage %f kV line to line",V0ll)
+K= 0.05;
+f=50;//in Hz
+Vph=(V*10^3)/sqrt(3);
+Pc=3.73*K*f*(Vph^2)*10^-5/(Deq/r)^2;
+printf("corona power loss %f kW/(cond.km)",Pc)
+Ic=Pc/Vph;
+printf("corona current %e A/km",Ic)
diff --git a/3523/CH5/EX5.6.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ef34232e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +//Example 10// Ch 5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+m1=0.9;//smoothness coefficient
+m2=0.9;//weather coefficient
+r=3.175;//radius of conductor in cm
+V=525;//rated voltage in kV where no corona is present
+delta=1;//relative air-density factor
+Deq=112.63;//in cm
+E0=30*delta*(1+0.3/sqrt(delta*r))*m1*m2;//corona onset field
+printf("corona onset field %f kVpeak/cm",E0)
+E0rms=E0/sqrt(2);
+printf("rms corona onset field %f kV/cm",E0rms)
+V0=E0*r*log(Deq);
+printf("corona onset voltage %f kV",V0)
+V0ll=V0*sqrt(3);
+printf("corona onset voltage lin to line %f kV",V0ll)
+V1=2.5*V;//line to line voltage higher than V0 so corona is present on the conductor
+re=5;//effective radius of corona envelope in cm
+printf("envelope radius %f cm",re)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3523/CH5/EX5.6.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a075768e --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +//Example 2// Ch 5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+d = 0.001;//in meters
+p = 101.3; //gas pressure in kPa
+C = -2400.4;//constant value
+A = 0.027;//constant value
+As = 10^8;//avalanche size
+//secondary ionization coefficient is much smaller than unity therefore ionization coefficient (alpha) is equal to electron attachment coefficient
+E = (2400.4*p)/0.027; //alpha is equal to e- attachment coeff occurs at this eq
+Vs1 = E*d;//breakdown voltage in V
+printf("electric field %e V/m \n",E)
+printf("breakdown voltage %f V \n",Vs1)
+Vs2 = (log(As)-C*p*d)/A; //in V
+printf("breakdown voltage corresponding to an avalanche size %f V \n",Vs2)
+//as the avalanche self-space charge is neglected the breakdown voltage will be same irrespective of the polarity of the stressed plate acc. to eq (5.4) N2>=N1;
+Vspos = 9.4;//in kV when N2>=N1 in which no of e- in second avalanche is greater than equal to no of e- in first avalanche
+printf("positive voltage breakdown %f kV \n",Vspos)
+Vsneg = 9.2;//in kV when Neph >= 1 where Neph is no of e-photoemitted from the cathode
+printf("negative voltage breakdown %f kV \n",Vsneg)
diff --git a/3523/CH5/EX5.6.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a3e5542b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Example 3// Ch 5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+d = 0.001;//in meters
+p1 = 3*101.3; //gas pressure of 3 atmp in kPa
+p2 = 5*101.3; //gas pressure of 5 atmp in kPa
+C = 2400.4;//constant value
+A = 0.027;//constant value
+As = 10^8;//avalanche size
+Vs1 = C*p1*d/A;//breakdown voltage at 3 atm
+Vs2 = C*p2*d/A;//breakdown voltage at 5 atm
+Vs3 = (log(As)+C*p1*d)/A;//breakdown voltage at 3 atm corresponding to an avalanche size
+Vs4 = (log(As)+C*p2*d)/A;//breakdown voltage at 5 atm corresponding to an avalanche size
+printf("breakdown voltage at 3 atm %f kV \n",Vs1*10^-3)
+printf("breakdown voltage at 5 atm %f kV \n",Vs2*10^-3)
+printf("breakdown voltage at 3 atm corresponding to an avalanche size %f kV \n",Vs3*10^-3)
+printf("breakdown voltage at 5 atm corresponding to an avalanche size %f kV \n",Vs4*10^-3)
+//acc. to eq N2>=N1 and Neph>=1 with increase of gas pressure improves the dielectric strength of the gas since breakdown voltage increses with gas pressure
+Vs1pos = 27.5;//postive breakdown voltage at 3 atm in kV
+Vs1neg = 27.73;//negative breakdown voltage at 3 atm in kV
+Vs2pos = 45.2;//postive breakdown voltage at 5 atm in kV
+Vs2neg = 45.5;//negative breakdown voltage at 5 atm in kV
+printf("positive breakdown voltage at 3 atm %f kV \n",Vs1pos)
+printf("negative breakdown voltage at 3 atm %f kV \n",Vs1neg)
+printf("positive breakdown voltage at 5 atm %f kV \n",Vs2pos)
+printf("negative breakdown voltage at 5 atm %f kV \n",Vs2neg)
diff --git a/3523/CH5/EX5.6.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..761be0065 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Example 5// Ch 5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+d=0.001;
+a = 0.1*10^-2;//radii of concentric circle in meters
+b = 2.1*10^-2;//radii of concentric circle in meters
+p = 101.3;//gas pressure in kPa
+p1=3*p;
+p2=5*p;
+C = -2400.4;//constant value
+A = 0.027;//constant value
+As = 10^8;//avalanche size
+ri = 0.0772;//in m
+V0 = [log(10^8)-{(C*p)*(ri-a)}]*(b-a)/[A*{(1/a)-(1/ri)}];
+printf("corona onset voltage is %f kV \n",V0)
+V0pos = 13.1;//in kV
+V0neg = 13.7;//in kV
+printf("positive corona onset voltage %f kV \n",V0pos)
+printf("negative corona onset voltage %f kV \n",V0neg)
+
+//acc. to eq N2>=N1 and Neph>=1 with increase of gas pressure improves the dielectric strength of the gas since breakdown voltage increses with gas pressure
diff --git a/3523/CH5/EX5.6.6/Ex5_6.sce b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.6/Ex5_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..13ef66fe7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.6/Ex5_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Example 6// Ch 5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+d=0.001;
+a = 0.1*10^-2;//radii of concentric circle in meters
+b = 2.1*10^-2;//radii of concentric circle in meters
+p = 101.3;//gas pressure in kPa
+p1=3*p;
+p2=5*p;
+C = -2400.4;//constant value
+A = 0.027;//constant value
+As = 10^8;//avalanche size
+ri = 0.0772;//in m
+V01 = [log(10^8)-{(C*p1)*(ri-a)}]*(b-a)/[A*{(1/a)-(1/ri)}];
+V02 = [log(10^8)-{(C*p2)*(ri-a)}]*(b-a)/[A*{(1/a)-(1/ri)}];
+printf("corona onset voltage at 3atmp is %f kV \n",V01)
+printf("corona onset voltage at 5atmp is %f kV \n",V02)
+V01pos = 41.9;//in kV at 3 atmp
+V01neg = 42.2;//in kV at 3 atmp
+V02pos = 69.2;//in kV at 5 atmp
+V02neg = 69.8;//in kV at 5 atmp
+printf("positive corona onset voltage %f kV \n",V01pos)
+printf("negative corona onset voltage %f kV \n",V01neg)
+printf("positive corona onset voltage %f kV \n",V02pos)
+printf("negative corona onset voltage %f kV \n",V02neg)
+//answer given in the book is wrong
+
+//acc. to eq N2>=N1 and Neph>=1 with increase of gas pressure improves the dielectric strength of the gas since breakdown voltage increses with gas pressure
diff --git a/3523/CH5/EX5.6.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..06c969de8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +//Example 8// Ch 5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+
+delta=1;//at standard temp and pressure
+r=1;//radius of conductors in cm
+s=40;//subconductor to subconductor spacing in cm
+D=500; //phase to phase spacing in cm
+E0=30*delta*(1+(0.3/sqrt(delta*r)));//corona onset field in kVpeak/cm
+printf("corona onset field %f kVpeak/cm",E0)
+
+V01=E0*log(D/r);//corona onset voltage using single conductor
+printf("corona onset voltage V01 is %f kVpeak",V01)
+V01rms=V01/sqrt(2);//rms onset voltage in kV
+printf("corona rms onset voltage V01rms %f kV",V01rms)
+
+x2 = log(D /(sqrt(s*r)));
+y2 = (1+((2*r)/s));
+
+V02=2*E0*r*(x2/y2);//corona onset voltage using bundle-2 conductor arranged horizontally and vertically
+printf("corona onset voltage V02 is %f kVpeak",V02)
+V02rms=V02/sqrt(2);//rms onset voltage in kV
+printf("corona rms onset voltage V02rms is %f kV",V02rms)
+
+
+x3 = log(D /((sqrt(2)*(s)^2*r)^0.3));
+y3 = (1+((3*sqrt(3)*r)/s));
+
+V03=3*E0*r*(x3/y3);//corona onset voltage using bundle-3 conductor arranged at vertices of an upright or inverted triangle
+printf("corona onset voltage V03 is %f kVpeak",V03)
+V03rms=V03/sqrt(2);//rms onset voltage in kV
+printf("corona rms onset voltage V03rms is %f kV",V03rms)
+
+
+x4 = log(D /((sqrt(2)*(s)^3*r)^0.25));
+y4 = (1+((4*sqrt(2)*r)/s));
+
+V04=4*E0*r*(x4/y4);//corona onset voltage using bundle-4 conductor arranged at vertices of a square
+printf("corona onset voltage V04 is %f kVpeak",V04)
+V04rms=V04/sqrt(2);//rms onset voltage in kV
+printf("corona rms onset voltage V04rms is %f kV",V04rms)
+
+
+x5 = log(D /((sqrt(2)*(s)^3*r)^0.25));
+y5 = (1+((3*sqrt(2)*r)/s));
+
+V05=4*E0*r*(x5/y5);//corona onset voltage using bundle-4 conductor arranged at vertices of a diamond form square
+printf("corona onset voltage V05 is %f kVpeak",V05)
+V05rms=V05/sqrt(2);//rms onset voltage in kV
+printf("corona rms onset voltage V05rms is %f kV",V05rms)
+
+//acc. to eq 5.18 in question 7 corona onset voltage is calculated
diff --git a/3523/CH5/EX5.6.9/Ex5_9.sce b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.9/Ex5_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e8f7c9910 --- /dev/null +++ b/3523/CH5/EX5.6.9/Ex5_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Example 9// Ch 5
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+// given data
+Deq=600;//mean geometric distance b/w conductors in cm
+delta=1;//at standard temp and pressure
+r=1;//radius of conductors in cm
+E0=30*delta*(1+(0.3/sqrt(delta*r)));//corona onset field in kVpeak/cm
+printf("corona onset field %f kVpeak/cm",E0)
+V0=E0*log(Deq);//corona onset voltage
+printf("corona onset voltage %f kVpeak",V0)
+V0rms=V0/sqrt(2);//rms onset voltage in kV
+printf("corona rms onset voltage %f kV",V0rms)
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