15 files changed, 402 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e8db09e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.1/Ex17_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Exa 17.1
+//To calculate-
+//(a) average busy-hour trafﬁc per subscriber,
+//(b) trafﬁc capacity per cell,
+//(c) required number of base stations per zone, and
+//(d) the hexagonal cell radius for the zone. 
+
+ clc;
+ clear all;
+ 
+ Susage=150;//subscriber usage per month in mins
+ days=24;//days per month
+ busyhrs=6;//in a day
+ BW=4.8*10^3;  //in kHz
+ Freqreuse=4/12;//Frequency reuse plan
+ chwidth=200; //in kHz
+ subscriber=50000;//Present subscriber count
+ Sgrowth=0.05;//Growth rate per year
+ Area=500;  //in km
+ BTScapacity=30; //in Erlangs
+ N=4;  //Initial installation design years
+ 
+ //solution
+ Erlangspersub=Susage/(days*busyhrs*60);
+ printf('Average busy-hour trafﬁc per subscriber is %.4f Erlangs \n ',Erlangspersub);
+ RFcarriers=BW/chwidth;
+ RFcarrier_percell=RFcarriers/((Freqreuse^-1)*4); //freq reuse factor of 4
+
+//Assuming 2 control channels per cell
+CC=2;//control channels
+TC_percell=2*RFcarriers/3-CC;
+//Referring Erlang-B table in Appendix A
+disp("Referring Erlang-B table in Appendix A,Trafﬁc capacity of a GSM cell at 2% GoS for 14 channels = 8.2 Erlangs ");
+Tcapacity=8.2;// in Erlangs
+disp("There are 3 cells per BTS");
+BTS=3;
+Traffic_perBTS=Tcapacity*BTS;
+printf(' Traffic capacity per BTS is %.1f Erlangs ',Traffic_perBTS);
+disp("Therefore, Traffic per BTS is less than BTS capacity(30 Erlangs)")
+maxsubscriber=Traffic_perBTS/Erlangspersub;
+initialsub=subscriber*(1+Sgrowth)^N;
+BTS_perZone=initialsub/maxsubscriber;
+printf(' The required number of base stations per zone are %d \n ',round(BTS_perZone));
+cellRadius=(Area/(BTS_perZone*2.6))^0.5;
+printf('The hexagonal cell radius is %.1f km \n ',cellRadius);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.10/Ex17_10.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.10/Ex17_10.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7ab7a143
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.10/Ex17_10.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//Exa 17.10
+//To calculate No of users that can be supported on the downlink of the WCDMA network.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Rc=3.84;//chip rate in Mcps
+N=3;//Noise rise in dB
+OF=0.8;//orthogonality factor
+B=0.55;//Interference from other cells 
+Eb_N0=4;//in dB
+Sec_Eff=0.85;//Sector efficiency
+Pwr_Eff=0.80;//Power control efficiency
+Y=1.2; //Retransmit rate
+X=10; //10MB at 384Kbps
+X1=2;  //2MB at 144Kbps
+X2=1;  //1MB at 64Kbps
+
+//solution
+//Assuming Voice activity=Vf=1
+Vf=1;
+AvgDR=Y*X*10^6*(1/3600)+Y*X1*10^6*(1/3600)+Y*X2*10^6*(1/3600);
+CLoad=(N-1)/(N+1);
+DLcap=(Rc*10^6*Pwr_Eff*Sec_Eff)/(((10^(Eb_N0/10))*(B+OF)*Vf));
+Allowcap=CLoad*DLcap;
+users=Allowcap/AvgDR;
+printf('NO of users that can be supported on the downlink of the WCDMA network are %d \n ',round(users));
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.11/Ex17_11.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.11/Ex17_11.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bd2c6334e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.11/Ex17_11.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Exa 17.11
+// To calculate average throughput and compare it with equal latency condition.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+P1=1/2;//relative frequency of packets for user class1 
+P2=1/3;//relative frequency of packets for user class2
+P3=1/6;//relative frequency of packets for user class3
+R1=16; //data rate in kbps for P1
+R2=64; //data rate in kbps for P2
+R3=1024; //data rate in kbps for P3
+S1=16;//number of slots assigned to the R1 user
+S2=8;//number of slots assigned to the R2 user
+S3=2;//number of slots assigned to the R3 user
+
+//solution
+//Using Equation 17.20 from page no 616
+Ravg=(P1*R1*S1+P2*R2*S2+P3*R3*S3)/(P1*S1+P2*S2+P3*S3);
+// For equal latency, using Eq 17.18
+Rav=1/(P1/R1+P2/R2+P3/R3);
+// For Latency ratio=4, using Eq 17.19 from page no 616
+PL=4;
+C=(P1+P2+PL*P3)/(P1/R1+P2/R2+P3/R3);
+printf('The average throughput for equal access condition is %.1f kbps \n ',Ravg);
+printf('The average throughput by considering equal latency is %.1f kbps \n ',Rav);
+printf('The average throughput by considering latency ratio as 4 is %.2f kkbps \n ',C)
+disp("Ii is observed that equal access provides the highest average output")
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.12/Ex17_12.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.12/Ex17_12.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b68e4ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.12/Ex17_12.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Exa 17.12
+// To calculate allowable throughput of reverse link in cdma 2000.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Ec_Nt=-23;//in dB
+DRC=-1.5;//DRC gain with respect to pilot in dB
+Tg=3.75; // Trafﬁc channel gain with respect to pilot in dB
+B=0.85;//Interference factor due to other cells 
+
+//solution
+Mmax=(1/(1+10^(DRC/10)+10^(Tg/10)))*(1/((10^(Ec_Nt/10)*(1+B))));
+//The sector loading can be expressed as a fraction of the pole capacity Mmax. This is typically 70% of the pole capacity. 
+M_allow=int(0.7*Mmax);
+//From table 17.2 we get Traffic channel rate as 9.6kbps since we are given traffic channel gain with respect to pilot as 3.75 dB
+Ri=9.6; //in kbps(see table 17.2)
+Tput=Ri*M_allow;
+printf(' Allowable reverse link throughput is %d kbps \n ',round(Tput));
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.13/Ex17_13.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.13/Ex17_13.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8282c9a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.13/Ex17_13.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Exa 17.13
+// To calculate average SINR of HSDPA.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Ptmax=5.5;//Maximum transmit power of DSCH in watts
+Pbs=18;// Total base station power in watts
+alpha=0.2;//downlink orthogonality factor 
+G=0.363;// geometry factor
+SF=16; //Spreading Factor for DSCH;fixed at value of 16
+
+//solution
+// Using equation no 17.27 given on page no 623
+SINR=SF*(Ptmax/(Pbs*(1-alpha+(1/G))));
+// In dB
+SINR_db=10*log10(SINR);
+
+printf('The average SINR of HSDPA is %.1f dB = %.4f \n ',SINR_db,SINR);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.14/Ex17_14.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.14/Ex17_14.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..035a45135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.14/Ex17_14.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Exa 17.15
+// To calculate bandwidth of Iub interface.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Users=350;//no of users supported
+ExpectedTraf=1.8; // From section 17.7 (in Kbps)
+BHTraf=1.785;//Busy hour traffic in kbps
+BTS=180;
+
+//solution
+IubBW=(ExpectedTraf*Users*BHTraf)/1000;  // in Mbps
+TotalBW=BTS*IubBW;
+printf('Required total bandwidth of Iub Interface is %.2f Mbps \n ',TotalBW);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.15/Ex17_15.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.15/Ex17_15.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..929600291
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.15/Ex17_15.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Exa 17.15
+// To calculate No of RNC required.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+BTS=800;//No of BTS sites
+Sec=3;//No of sectors per BTS
+freq_sec=2;//No of frequencies used per sector
+cellsRNC=1152;//Maximum capacity of cellRNC
+btsRNC=384;//One RNC can support btsRNC(BTSs)
+VE=25;//Voice service(mErl/subscriber)
+BRV=16;// bitrate Voice
+CS1=10;//CS data service 1(mErl/subscriber)
+BRC1=32;//bit rate for CS1 in kbps
+CS2=5;//CS data service 2(mErl/subscriber)
+BRC2=64;////bit rate for CS2 in kbps
+PSdata=0.2;//PS data service(kbps per subscriber)
+PSoverhead=0.15;
+SHO=0.4;//40%
+Totalsub=350000;//Total subsribers
+Maxcap=196;//Maximum Iub capacity of tpRNC (in Mbps)
+FR1=0.9;FR2=0.9;FR3=0.9;//Filler rates
+
+//solution
+RNCreqd=(BTS*Sec*freq_sec)/(cellsRNC*FR1);//from eqn 17.28
+printf('using equation 17.28,Number of RNC required are %d \n ',round(RNCreqd));
+RNC_reqd=BTS/(btsRNC*FR2);//from eqn 17.29
+printf('using equation 17.29,Number of RNC required are %d \n ',round(RNC_reqd));
+RNCrequired=((VE/1000*BRV+CS1/1000*BRC1+CS2/1000*BRC2+(PSdata/(1-PSoverhead)))*(1+SHO)*Totalsub)/(Maxcap*1000*FR3);//from eqn 17.30
+printf('using equation 17.30,Number of RNC required are %d \n ',round(RNCrequired));
+
+printf(' We select first value which is %d RNCs \n ',round(RNCreqd));
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..955658810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.2/Ex17_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Exa 17.2 
+// To calculate voice and data traffic per cell.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+usage=150; //subscriber usage per month in mins
+days=24;//Days in a month
+BHrs=6;//Busy hours per day
+BW=4.8;  //in MHz
+RFch=200;  //in kHz
+Psubscribers=50000;//present subscriber count
+growth=0.05;//subscriber growth per year
+rollover=4;//network roll over period
+NPCS=5;//Number of packet calls per session 
+NPP=25;//Number of packets within a packet call 
+Tr=120;//Reading time between packet calls(sec)
+NBP=480*8;//Packet size(in bits)
+Tint=0.01;//Time interval between two packets(sec)
+Ttot=3000;//Total packet service holding time
+BH_PS=0.15;//Busy hour packet sessions per subscriber
+Penetration=0.25;
+datarate=48;  //in kbps
+PTT=10;//Packet transmission time(sec)
+BTS=40;//NO of BTS sites
+
+//solution
+Bitstx_duringPTT=NPCS*NPP*NBP/1000;   
+PST=PTT+Tr*(NPCS-1)+Tint*(NPP-1);
+PT_duringBH=BH_PS*Ttot/PST;
+Bits_persub_persec=Bitstx_duringPTT*PT_duringBH/(60*60);
+VoiceErlangs=usage/(days*BHrs*60);
+Initial_subscribers=round(Psubscribers*(1+growth)^rollover);
+Data_subscribers=Initial_subscribers*Penetration;
+Totalvoice=Initial_subscribers*VoiceErlangs;
+Voicetraffic_perBTS=Totalvoice/BTS;
+printf('Voice Traffic per Cell(sector) is %.2f Erlangs \n ',Voicetraffic_perBTS/3);
+Totaldata=Data_subscribers*Bits_persub_persec;
+Datathroughput_perBTS=Totaldata/BTS;
+printf("Data throughput per Cell(sector) is %.2f kbps \n ',Datathroughput_perBTS/3);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77b40f1f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.3/Ex17_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Exa 17.3
+//Using trafﬁc data per cell for a GSM/GPRS network from Example 17.2
+// To calculate-
+// (a) data Erlangs,
+// (b) time slot utilization, and
+// (c) TS capacity.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Holdtime=120;//Average holding time during Busy Hours(in sec)
+Tx=3;// No of transreceivers
+TSsig=3;//No of TSs per cell for signaling
+RLC=0.80;//Radio link control efficiency
+Radioblocks=9000;//Total numbers of transmitted radio blocks
+TSdata=3;//TSs allocated for data trafﬁc per cell
+Datarate=15.5; //From eg 17.2
+Voicetraffic=8.82;  //From eg.17.2
+Duration=0.02;//Duration of block in sec
+
+//solution
+DataEr=Radioblocks*Duration/Holdtime;
+printf('Data Erlangs = %.1f \n ',DataEr);
+TSuti=DataEr/TSsig;
+printf('Time Slot(TS) utilization = %.1f \n ',TSuti);
+Throughput=(Datarate/TSdata)*RLC;
+TScap=Throughput/TSuti;
+printf("TS capacity is %.2f kbps \n ',TScap);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.4/Ex17_4.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.4/Ex17_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..40276d264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.4/Ex17_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Exa 17.4
+//To calculate the cell radius.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Pt=36;//Base station transmitted power in dBm
+Pms=24;//mobile station transmitted power in dBm
+Nms=8;//mobile station noise figure in dB
+Nbs=5;//Base station nise figure in dB
+Ga=18;//Base station transmit and receive antenna gain in dBi
+Gm=0;//Mobile antenna gain in dBi
+SNR=12;// in dB
+Lc_TX=5;//BS transmit antenna cable, connector, and ﬁlter losses in dB
+Lc_RX=2;//BS receiver antenna cable, connector, and ﬁlter losses in dB
+Bodyloss=3;// Body losses at mobile
+fading=10.2;// in dB
+ThermalNoise=-174;// in dBm/Hz
+Gdiversity=5;//Antenna diversity gain at BS in dB
+//Assuming standard value of RF channel as 
+RFch=200*10^3;  //in Hz
+
+//solution
+N=ThermalNoise+10*log10(RFch)+Nms;
+Smin=N+SNR;
+Smean=Smin+fading+Bodyloss;
+Lp=Pt-Lc_TX+Ga-Smean;
+N1=ThermalNoise+10*log10(RFch)+Nbs;
+Smin=N1+SNR-Gdiversity;
+Smean1=Smin+fading+Bodyloss;
+Lp1=Pms-Smean1+Ga-Lc_RX;
+disp("Using uplink path loss and Hata model to calculate cell radius");
+R=10^((Lp1-133.2)/33.8);
+printf(' Cell radius is %.1f km \n',R);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.5/Ex17_5.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.5/Ex17_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f29277386
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.5/Ex17_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Exa 17.5
+// To calculate uplink cell load factor, number of voice users and poll capacity of the cell.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Ri=12.2*10^3;//Information rate in bps
+Rc=3.84*10^6;//Chip rate in cps(chips per second)
+Eb_Nt=4;  //in dB
+Imargin=2;  //Interference margin(3 dB)
+B=0.5;//Interference factor due to other cells
+Vi=0.65;//Channel activity factor
+
+//solution
+Eb_Ntreqd=10^(Eb_Nt/10);
+LF_peruser=(1+B)*(1/(1+(Rc/Ri)*(1/Eb_Ntreqd)*(1/Vi)));  //M(no of users=1) in Eq 17.13
+printf("Cell load factor per voice user is %.5f \n ',LF_peruser);
+CellLoading=(Imargin-1)/Imargin;
+VoiceUsers=CellLoading/LF_peruser;
+printf('No of Voice Users are %d per cell \n ',VoiceUsers);
+//From EQ 17.6 assuming Power control efficiency=1
+Polecap=Rc/(Ri*Vi*(1+B)*Eb_Ntreqd);
+printf('Pole Capacity is %d \n',Polecap);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.6/Ex17_6.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.6/Ex17_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11c838b9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.6/Ex17_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Exa 17.6
+// To calculate Uplink throughput for a WCDMA cell.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Eb_Nt=1;  //in dB
+cellLoading=0.5;//Required interference margin(3 dB)
+B=0.5;//Interference factor due to other cells
+Vi=1;//Channel activity factor
+
+//solution
+Eb_Ntreqd=10^(Eb_Nt/10);
+//Assuming standard value of chip rate as 3.84Mcps
+Rc=3.84*10^6;//in cps(chips per second)
+Throughput=(cellLoading*Rc)/(Eb_Ntreqd*(1+B));
+printf('Uplink Throughput is %d kbps \n ',Throughput/1000);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed5893af0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.7/Ex17_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Exa 17.7
+// To calculate downlink cell load-factor and number of voice users per cell for a WCDMA system.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Ri=12.2*10^3;//Information rate in bps
+Rc=3.84*10^6;// Chip rate in chips per second
+Eb_Nt=4;   // in dB
+Eb_Nt=10^(Eb_Nt/10);
+B=0.5;//Average interference factor due to other cells
+Zeta=0.6; // orthogonality factor
+Imargin=2;//Interference margin(3 dB)
+Vi=0.65  //assuming Channel activity factor as 0.65
+
+//solution
+Loadfactor_peruser=(Zeta+B)*(1/((Rc/Ri)*(1/Eb_Nt)*(1/Vi)))
+printf('Downlink cell load factor is %.4f \n ',Loadfactor_peruser);
+cellLoading=(Imargin-1)/Imargin;
+Voiceusers=cellLoading/Loadfactor_peruser;
+printf('No of voice users per cell are %d \n ',Voiceusers);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.8/Ex17_8.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.8/Ex17_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..48c1d8361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.8/Ex17_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Exa 17.8
+// To calculate minimum signal power required and maximum allowable path loss.
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+N0=-174;//Noise density in dBm/Hz
+Bc=1.25;//Channel bandwidth in mHz
+Rc=1.2288;//Chip rate in Mcps
+Nf=6;  //Receiver Noise figure in dB
+Pt=27;  //Effective radiated power from mobile in dBm
+Lct=0.5;  //Transmitter cable and connector loss in dBm
+Lbody=1.5;//Body loss in dB
+Lcr=2;  //Receiver cable and connector loss in dB
+Mint=0;  //Interference margin in dB
+Mfading=2;//fast fadinf margin in dB
+Lpent=8;//Penetration loss in dB
+Gm=0;//Transmitter antennna gain in dBi
+Gb=12;//Receiver antenna gain in dBi
+Fm=8;//Fade margin in dB
+Eb_Nt=7;// in dB
+
+//solution
+Nth=N0+Nf;
+S_Nt=Eb_Nt+10*log10((Rc*10^6)/(Bc*10^6));
+Smin=S_Nt+10*log10(Rc*10^6)+Nth;
+Lpmax=(Pt-Smin)+(Gb+Gm)-(Lbody+Lct+Lcr+Fm+Lpent)-Mint-Mfading;
+printf('Minimum signal power required is %.2f dBm \n ',Smin);
+printf('Maximum allowable path loss is %.2f dB \n ',Lpmax);
diff --git a/3446/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce b/3446/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d74c7d23a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/3446/CH17/EX17.9/Ex17_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+//Exa 17.9
+// To calculate Radio link budget for uplink and downlink
+// Refering Table 17.1 on page no 613
+
+clc;
+clear all;
+
+Rc=3.84;//Chip rate in Mcps
+Ri=16;//Data rate in kbps
+UL=0.5;//UL loading factor
+DL=0.9;//DL loading factor
+Eb_NtU=4;//in dB
+Eb_NtD=6;// in dB
+Gm=0;//Mobile antenna gain in dBi
+Gb=18;//Base station gain in dBi
+
+//solution
+disp("The Okumara-Hata model for an urban macro-cell with a base station antenna height of 25m, a mobile station height of 1.5m, and a carrier frequency of 1950MHz gives Lp =138.5+35.7*log10(R) where R is radius of hexagonal cell");
+disp("From table 17.1, Lp(Allowable path loss) for uplink is 139.65 dB");
+R=10^((139.65-138.5)/35.7);
+printf(' Cell Radius is %.3f km \n ',R);
+Area=round(2.6*R^2);
+printf('Area covered by hexagonal cell is %d km^2 \n ',Area);
+printf('Number of BTSs required to cover an area of 2400 Km^2 are %d \n ',2400/Area);