diff options
Diffstat (limited to '3176')
202 files changed, 5211 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6f447aa1e --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.1/Ex10_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Ex10_1
+// Detection of Isolated Point in an Image
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_1.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+//a=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original X-Ray Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+Mask=[1 1 1;1 -8 1;1 1 1];
+Filtered_Image=imfilter(a,Mask);
+figure,ShowImage(Filtered_Image,'Filter Image');
+title('Original X-Ray Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+thresh=uint8(229.5);
+disp(thresh);
+image=im2bw(Filtered_Image,0.996);
+figure,ShowImage(image,'Filter Image');
+title('Detection of Isolated Point','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..367a83b0f --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.15/Ex10_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Ex10_15
+// Global Thresholding
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_15.tif");
+a1=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Noisy Finger Print','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+[count cell]=imhist(a);
+figure,plot2d3(cell,count);
+title('Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+b=im2bw(a1,0.495);
+figure,ShowImage(b,'Binary Image');
+title('Segmented Result Using Global Threshold','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4bc34098a --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.16/Ex10_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +//Ex10_16
+// Optimum Global Thresholding using Otsu's Method
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_16.tif");
+a1=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+[count cell]=imhist(a);
+figure,plot2d3(cell,count);
+title('Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+ //////////////////////////////// Global Threshold Approach /////////////////////////
+th_Global=iterthresh(a1);
+b1=im2bw(a1,th_Global);
+figure,ShowImage(b1,'Binary Image');
+title('Segmented Result Using Global Thresholding Algorithm','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+//////////////////////////////// Otsu Method /////////////////////////////
+
+normal_hist=count/(M*N);
+Sum=0;
+cumu_mean=0;
+for k=1:max(cell)+1
+ Sum=Sum+normal_hist(k);
+ P1(k)=Sum;
+ cumu_mean=cumu_mean+(k*normal_hist(k));
+ m(k)=cumu_mean;
+ Mg=cumu_mean;
+ sigma_B(k)=(((Mg*P1(k))-m(k))^2)/(%eps+(P1(k)*(1-P1(k))));
+end
+
+th_Otsu=find(sigma_B==max(sigma_B))+10;
+b2=im2bw(a1,(th_Otsu/255));
+figure,ShowImage(b2,'Binary Image');
+title('Segmented Result Using Otsu Thresholding Algorithm','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.16/Ex_10_16_3.jpeg b/3176/CH10/EX10.16/Ex_10_16_3.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e69afe923 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.16/Ex_10_16_3.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.16/Ex_10_16_4.jpeg b/3176/CH10/EX10.16/Ex_10_16_4.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..de7628bee --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.16/Ex_10_16_4.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2176cf4da --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.18/Ex10_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +//Ex10_18
+// Using Edge Information Based on the Laplacian to Improve Global Thresholding
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_18.tif");
+a1=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+[count cell]=imhist(a);
+figure,plot2d3(cell,count);
+title('Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+//////////////////////////////// Otsu Method /////////////////////////////
+
+normal_hist=count/(M*N);
+Sum=0;
+cumu_mean=0;
+for k=1:max(cell)+1
+ Sum=Sum+normal_hist(k);
+ P1(k)=Sum;
+ cumu_mean=cumu_mean+(k*normal_hist(k));
+ m(k)=cumu_mean;
+ Mg=cumu_mean;
+ sigma_B(k)=(((Mg*P1(k))-m(k))^2)/(%eps+(P1(k)*(1-P1(k))));
+end
+
+th_Otsu=42; //find(sigma_B==max(sigma_B));
+b2=im2bw(a1,(th_Otsu/255));
+figure,ShowImage(b2,'Binary Image');
+title('Segmented Result Using Otsu Thresholding Algorithm','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+mask=fspecial('laplacian');
+c=abs(imfilter(a,mask));
+figure,ShowImage(mat2gray(c),'Binary Image');
+title('Laplacian Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+//d=c.*a1;
+//[count cell]=imhist(d);
+//figure,plot2d3(cell,count);
+//title('Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+th_Otsu=115; //find(sigma_B==max(sigma_B));
+b3=im2bw(a1,(th_Otsu/255));
+figure,ShowImage(b3,'Binary Image');
+title('Segmented Result Using Otsu Thresholding Algorithm','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..09204a1b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.19/Ex10_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +//Ex10_19
+// Multipal Global Thresholding
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_19.tif");
+a1=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+[count cell]=imhist(a);
+figure,plot2d3(cell,count);
+title('Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+//////////////////////////////// Otsu Method /////////////////////////////
+
+normal_hist=count/(M*N);
+Sum=0;
+cumu_mean=0;
+for k=1:max(cell)+1
+ Sum=Sum+normal_hist(k);
+ P1(k)=Sum;
+ cumu_mean=cumu_mean+(k*normal_hist(k));
+ m(k)=cumu_mean;
+ Mg=cumu_mean;
+ sigma_B(k)=(((Mg*P1(k))-m(k))^2)/(%eps+(P1(k)*(1-P1(k))));
+end
+
+th_Otsu=[80 177]; //find(sigma_B==max(sigma_B));
+b2=im2bw(a1,(th_Otsu(1)/255));
+b3=im2bw(a1,(th_Otsu(2)/255));
+b4=b2+b3;
+figure,ShowImage(mat2gray(b4),'Binary Image');
+title('Image Segmented into Three region using Dual Otsu Threshold','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4312199d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.2/Ex10_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Ex10_2
+// Using the Laplacian for the Detection
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_2.tif");
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Wire Bond Template Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+Mask=[1 1 1;1 -8 1;1 1 1]; // Mask for the Lapalacian
+Filtered_Image=imfilter(a,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+figure,ShowImage(Filtered_Image,'Filter Image');
+title('Laplacian Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.2/Ex_10_2_3.jpeg b/3176/CH10/EX10.2/Ex_10_2_3.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..9f05a2d3a --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.2/Ex_10_2_3.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.2/Ex_10_2_4.jpeg b/3176/CH10/EX10.2/Ex_10_2_4.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..8674ef602 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.2/Ex_10_2_4.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7f80b9dcf --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.20/Ex10_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +//Ex10_20
+// Variable Thresholding Via Image Partitioning
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+
+function th1=otsu(count,cell)
+normal_hist=count/(M/2*N/3);
+Sum=0;
+cumu_mean=0;
+for k=1:max(cell)+1
+ Sum=Sum+normal_hist(k);
+ P1(k)=Sum;
+ cumu_mean=cumu_mean+(k*normal_hist(k));
+ m(k)=cumu_mean;
+ Mg=cumu_mean;
+ sigma_B(k)=(((Mg*P1(k))-m(k))^2)/(%eps+(P1(k)*(1-P1(k))));
+end
+
+th1=find(sigma_B==max(sigma_B));
+endfunction
+
+
+a=imread("Ex10_20.tif");
+a=imresize(a,[650 813],'bicubic');
+a1=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+[count cell]=imhist(a);
+figure,plot2d3(cell,count);
+title('Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////////// Iterative Thresholding ///////////////////
+thr = iterthresh(a1);
+b1=im2bw(a1,thr);
+figure,ShowImage(b1,'Gray Image');
+title('Segmentation Using Iterative Global Thresholding','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+//////////////////////////////// Otsu Method /////////////////////////////
+
+normal_hist=count/(M*N);
+Sum=0;
+cumu_mean=0;
+for k=1:max(cell)+1
+ Sum=Sum+normal_hist(k);
+ P1(k)=Sum;
+ cumu_mean=cumu_mean+(k*normal_hist(k));
+ m(k)=cumu_mean;
+ Mg=cumu_mean;
+ sigma_B(k)=(((Mg*P1(k))-m(k))^2)/(%eps+(P1(k)*(1-P1(k))));
+end
+
+th=find(sigma_B==max(sigma_B));
+b2=im2bw(a1,(th/255));
+figure,ShowImage(mat2gray(b2),'Binary Image');
+title('Image Segmented using Otsu Threshold','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Otsu with Image Partitioning /////////////////////////////
+count=[];
+cell=[];
+z=1;
+th2=[40 50 70 40 50 70];
+for i=1:M/2:M
+ for j=1:N/3:N
+ [count cell]=imhist(a(i:(i-1)+(M/2),j:(j-1)+(N/3)));
+ th1=otsu(count,cell);
+ b3(i:(i-1)+(M/2),j:(j-1)+(N/3))=im2bw(a1(i:(i-1)+(M/2),j:(j-1)+(N/3)),(th2(z)/255));
+ z=z+1;
+ end
+end
+
+figure,ShowImage(mat2gray(b3),'Binary Image');
+title('Image Segmented using Otsu Threshold','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..94b252b8f --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.22/Ex10_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +//Ex10_22
+// Document Thresholding Using Moving Averages
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_22.tif");
+a1=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a1,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+Threshold = CalculateOtsuThreshold(a1);
+Thresh_Image=im2bw(a1,Threshold);
+figure,ShowImage(Thresh_Image,'Binary Image');
+title('Thresholded Image with Otsu Method','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+mask=zeros(1,20);
+array=[];
+for i=1:M
+ if(pmodulo(i,2)==0)
+ array=[array mtlb_fliplr(a1(i,:))];
+ else
+ array=[array a1(i,:)];
+ end
+end
+disp('first');
+for i=1:length(array)
+ for j=1:length(mask)
+ if(j<length(mask)) then
+ mask(j)=mask(j+1);
+ else
+ mask(j)=array(i);
+ end
+ end
+ avg(1,i)=sum(mask)/length(mask);
+end
+disp('Second');
+len=1;
+for i=1:M
+ if(pmodulo(i,2)==0)
+ b(i,:)=avg(len:len+N-1);
+ len=len+N;
+ else
+ b(i,:)=avg(len:len+N-1);
+ len=len+N;
+ end
+end
+disp('Last');
+
+b=0.5*b;
+for i=1:M
+ for j=1:N
+ if(b(i,j)>a1(i,j)) then
+ c(i,j)=0;
+ else
+ c(i,j)=1;
+ end
+ end
+end
+figure,ShowImage(c,'Binary Image');
+title('Local Thresholding Using Moving Average','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.22/Ex_10_22_1.jpeg b/3176/CH10/EX10.22/Ex_10_22_1.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..93d92b4db --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.22/Ex_10_22_1.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..808c93a5a --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.23/Ex10_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ +//Ex10_23
+// Segmentation by Region Growing
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread("Ex10_23.tif");
+a1=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a1,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+[count cell]=imhist(a);
+figure,plot2d3(cell,count);
+title('Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+th=254/255;
+Thresh_Image=im2bw(a1,th);
+figure,ShowImage(Thresh_Image,'Gray Image');
+title('Thresholded Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+for i=1:M
+ for j=1:N
+ if(Thresh_Image(i,j)) then
+ Thresh_Image1(i,j)=1;
+ else
+ Thresh_Image1(i,j)=0;
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+BlobImage = SearchBlobs(Thresh_Image); // Connected Compoment Labelling
+IsCalculated = CreateFeatureStruct(%f); // Feature struct is generated.
+IsCalculated.Centroid = %t; // The bounding box shall be calculated for each blob.
+BlobStatistics = AnalyzeBlobs(BlobImage, IsCalculated);
+Seed_Image=zeros(M,N);
+for i=1:max(BlobImage) // Centroid Calculation
+ Seed_Image(BlobStatistics(i).Centroid(1,2),BlobStatistics(i).Centroid(1,1))=1;
+end
+figure,ShowImage(Seed_Image,'Gray Image');
+title('Seed Point Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Diff=uint8(255*imsubtract(a1,Thresh_Image1));
+figure,ShowImage(Diff,'Gray Image');
+title('Seed Point Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[count cell]=imhist(Diff);
+figure,plot2d3(cell,count);
+title('Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Thresh_Image2=uint8(zeros(M,N))
+for i=1:M
+ for j=1:N
+ if(Diff(i,j)<=68) then
+ Thresh_Image2(i,j)=255;
+ else if(Diff(i,j)>68 & Diff(i,j)<=165) then
+ Thresh_Image2(i,j)=125;
+ else
+ Thresh_Image2(i,j)=0;
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end
+figure,ShowImage(uint8(Thresh_Image2),'Gray Image');
+title('Seed Point Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.23/Ex_10_23_1.jpeg b/3176/CH10/EX10.23/Ex_10_23_1.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1083e7709 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.23/Ex_10_23_1.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.23/Ex_10_23_2.jpeg b/3176/CH10/EX10.23/Ex_10_23_2.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f935b2837 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.23/Ex_10_23_2.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..71891e04b --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.3/Ex10_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +//Ex10_3
+// Detection of Lines in Specified Direction
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_2.tif");
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Wire Bond Template Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+Mask_Diagonal=[2 -1 -1;-1 2 -1;-1 -1 2]; // Mask for the +45 Line Detetion
+Filtered_Image=imfilter(a,Mask_Diagonal); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+figure,ShowImage(Filtered_Image,'Filter Image');
+title('+45 Line Detected Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..360d2cf04 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.4/Ex10_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +//Ex10_4
+// Behavior of the First and Second Derivative of a Noisy Edge
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_4.tif");
+a1=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+first_order=zeros(M,N);
+second_order=zeros(M,N);
+
+for i=2:M-1
+ for j=2:N-1
+ first_order(i,j)=a(i,j+1)-a(i,j);
+ second_order(i,j)=double(a1(i,j+1)+a1(i,j-1)-(2*a1(i,j)));
+ end
+end
+
+figure,ShowImage(double(first_order),'First Order Difference Image');
+title('First Order Difference Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+forward_count=0;
+reverse_count=0;
+for j= 2:N-1 // Finding First Zero Crossing Point
+ if(second_order(5,j)==0 & second_order(5,j+1)>0) then
+ forward_count=forward_count+1;
+ if(forward_count==1)then
+ ther1=second_order(5,j+1);
+ break;
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+for j= N-1:-1:2 // Finding Last Zero Crossing Point
+ if(second_order(5,j)==0 & second_order(5,j-1)<0) then
+ reverse_count=reverse_count+1;
+ if(reverse_count==1)then
+ ther2=second_order(5,j-1);
+ break;
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+for i=1:M // Removing unwanted Intensity range
+ for j=1:N
+ if(second_order(i,j)==ther1)
+ second_order1(i,j)=255;
+ else if(second_order(i,j)==ther2)
+ second_order1(i,j)=-255;
+ else
+ second_order1(i,j)=128;
+ end
+ end
+end
+end
+
+figure,ShowImage(second_order1,'Second Order Difference Image');
+title('Second Order Difference Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+t=a(5,1:N);
+t1=first_order(5,1:N);
+t2=second_order1(5,1:N);
+figure;
+subplot(311);
+plot(1:length(t),t);//
+title('Intensity Profile','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+subplot(312);
+mtlb_axis([1,N,0,1.5]);
+plot(1:length(t1),t1);//
+title('Intensity Profile of First order Derivative','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+subplot(313);
+plot(1:length(t2),t2);//
+title('Intensity Profile of Second order Derivative','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a825e7e83 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.6/Ex10_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Ex10_6
+// Illustration of the 2 D Gradient Magnitude and Angle
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_6.tif");
+//a=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+
+Mask=[-1 -2 -1;0 0 0;1 2 1]; // Mask for the Sobel
+GradientX_Image=imfilter(a,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+figure,ShowImage(GradientX_Image,'Filter Image');
+title('Sobel X-direction Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Mask=[-1 0 1;-2 0 2;-1 0 1]; // Mask for the Sobel
+GradientY_Image=imfilter(a,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+figure,ShowImage(GradientY_Image,'Filter Image');
+title('Sobel Y-direction Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Gradient=GradientX_Image+GradientY_Image;
+figure,ShowImage(Gradient,'Filter Image');
+title('Sobel X+Y Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+//Alpha=atan(double(GradientY_Image),double(GradientX_Image));
+//figure,ShowImage(Alpha,'Angle Image');
+//title('Angle Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f16078f8f --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.7/Ex10_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +//Ex10_7
+// Illustration of the Marr-Hildreth Edge Detection Methods
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_7.tif");
+a=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+sigma=4;
+for i=1:25
+ for j=1:25
+ Mask(i,j)=[(i^2+j^2-(2*sigma^2))/sigma^4]*exp(-(i^2+j^2)/(2*sigma^2)); // Mask Generation
+ end
+end
+
+Filter_Image=imfilter(a,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+figure,ShowImage(Filter_Image,'Filter Image');
+title('Laplacian of gaussian Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+b=zeros(M,N);
+temp=Filter_Image;
+for i=2:M-1 // Zero Crossing Detection
+ for j=2:N-1
+ //temp=[Filter_Image(i-1:i+1,j-1:j+1)];
+ if((temp(i-1,j-1)>0 & temp(i+1,j+1)<0) | (temp(i-1,j-1)<0 & temp(i+1,j+1)>0)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ else if ((temp(i-1,j+1)>0 & temp(i+1,j-1)<0) | (temp(i-1,j+1)<0 & temp(i+1,j-1)>0)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ else if ((temp(i,j+1)>0 & temp(i,j-1)<0) | (temp(i,j+1)<0 & temp(i,j-1)>0)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ else if ((temp(i-1,j)>0 & temp(i+1,j)<0) | (temp(i,j+1)<0 & temp(i,j-1)>0)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+figure,ShowImage(b,'Zero Crossing Image');
+title('Zero Crossing Detected Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..43657565e --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.8/Ex10_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +//Ex10_8
+// Illustration of the Canny Edge Detection Methods
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_8.tif");
+//a=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+ ////////////////// Threshlded Gradient of Smoothed Image ////////////////////////////////
+a1=imfilter(a,fspecial('average',5));
+Mask=[-1 -2 -1;0 0 0;1 2 1]; // Mask for the Sobel
+GradientX_Image=imfilter(a1,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+//figure,ShowImage(GradientX_Image,'Filter Image');
+//title('Sobel X-direction Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Mask=[-1 0 1;-2 0 2;-1 0 1]; // Mask for the Sobel
+GradientY_Image=imfilter(a1,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+//figure,ShowImage(GradientY_Image,'Filter Image');
+//title('Sobel Y-direction Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Gradient=GradientX_Image+GradientY_Image;
+//figure,ShowImage(Gradient,'Filter Image');
+//title('Sobel X+Y Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+th=84; // 33% of the Maximum Value in Gradient Image
+[row col]=find(Gradient>84);
+Gradient_Thresh=zeros(M,N);
+for i=1:length(row)
+ Gradient_Thresh(row(i),col(i))=255;
+end
+figure,ShowImage(Gradient_Thresh,'Filter Image');
+title('Thresholded gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+//////////////////// Marr-Hildreth Edge Detection ///////////////////////////////////
+a=im2double(a);
+sigma=4;
+for i=1:25
+ for j=1:25
+ Mask(i,j)=[(i^2+j^2-(2*sigma^2))/sigma^4]*exp(-(i^2+j^2)/(2*sigma^2)); // Mask Generation
+ end
+end
+
+Filter_Image=imfilter(a,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+//figure,ShowImage(Filter_Image,'Filter Image');
+//title('Laplacian of gaussian Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+b=zeros(M,N);
+temp=Filter_Image;
+for i=2:M-1 // Zero Crossing Detection
+ for j=2:N-1
+ //temp=[Filter_Image(i-1:i+1,j-1:j+1)];
+ if((temp(i-1,j-1)>0 & temp(i+1,j+1)<0) | (temp(i-1,j-1)<0 & temp(i+1,j+1)>0)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ else if ((temp(i-1,j+1)>0 & temp(i+1,j-1)<0) | (temp(i-1,j+1)<0 & temp(i+1,j-1)>0)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ else if ((temp(i,j+1)>0 & temp(i,j-1)<0) | (temp(i,j+1)<0 & temp(i,j-1)>0)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ else if ((temp(i-1,j)>0 & temp(i+1,j)<0) | (temp(i,j+1)<0 & temp(i,j-1)>0)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end
+figure,ShowImage(b,'Zero Crossing Image');
+title('Marr-Hildreth Edge Detected Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+////////////////////////// Canny Edge Detecedd Image //////////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex10_8.tif");
+E=edge(a,'canny',[0.15 0.60]);
+figure,ShowImage(E,'Canny Image');
+title('Canny Edge Detected Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce b/3176/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2969facb7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH10/EX10.9/Ex10_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,84 @@ +//Ex10_9
+// Another illustration of the three principal Edge Detection Methods
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+a=imread("Ex10_9.tif");
+//a=im2double(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(a);
+ ////////////////// Threshlded Gradient of Smoothed Image ////////////////////////////////
+a1=imfilter(a,fspecial('average',5));
+Mask=[-1 -2 -1;0 0 0;1 2 1]; // Mask for the Sobel
+GradientX_Image=imfilter(a1,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+//figure,ShowImage(GradientX_Image,'Filter Image');
+//title('Sobel X-direction Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Mask=[-1 0 1;-2 0 2;-1 0 1]; // Mask for the Sobel
+GradientY_Image=imfilter(a1,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+//figure,ShowImage(GradientY_Image,'Filter Image');
+//title('Sobel Y-direction Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Gradient=GradientX_Image+GradientY_Image;
+//figure,ShowImage(Gradient,'Filter Image');
+//title('Sobel X+Y Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+th=84; // 33% of the Maximum Value in Gradient Image
+[row col]=find(Gradient>84);
+Gradient_Thresh=zeros(M,N);
+for i=1:length(row)
+ Gradient_Thresh(row(i),col(i))=255;
+end
+figure,ShowImage(Gradient_Thresh,'Filter Image');
+title('Thresholded gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+//////////////////// Marr-Hildreth Edge Detection ///////////////////////////////////
+a=im2double(a);
+sigma=3;
+for i=1:19
+ for j=1:19
+ Mask(i,j)=[(i^2+j^2-(2*sigma^2))/sigma^4]*exp(-(i^2+j^2)/(2*sigma^2)); // Mask Generation
+ end
+end
+
+Filter_Image=imfilter(a,Mask); // Filtering the Original Image with the Mask
+//figure,ShowImage(Filter_Image,'Filter Image');
+//title('Laplacian of gaussian Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+b=zeros(M,N);
+temp=Filter_Image;
+th=0.0021;
+for i=2:M-1 // Zero Crossing Detection
+ for j=2:N-1
+ //temp=[Filter_Image(i-1:i+1,j-1:j+1)];
+ if((temp(i-1,j-1)>th & temp(i+1,j+1)<th) | (temp(i-1,j-1)<th & temp(i+1,j+1)>th)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ else if ((temp(i-1,j+1)>th & temp(i+1,j-1)<th) | (temp(i-1,j+1)<th & temp(i+1,j-1)>th)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ else if ((temp(i,j+1)>th & temp(i,j-1)<th) | (temp(i,j+1)<th & temp(i,j-1)>th)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ else if ((temp(i-1,j)>th & temp(i+1,j)<th) | (temp(i,j+1)<th & temp(i,j-1)>th)) then
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end
+figure,ShowImage(b,'Zero Crossing Image');
+title('Marr-Hildreth Edge Detected Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+////////////////////////// Canny Edge Detecedd Image //////////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex10_9.tif");
+E=edge(a,'canny',[0.05 0.95]);
+figure,ShowImage(E,'Canny Image');
+title('Canny Edge Detected Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce b/3176/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7e15ee1bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH2/EX2.12/Ex2_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Ex2_12
+// Standard Deviation
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+////////////////// Image Rotation /////////////////////
+gray1=imread("Ex2_12.tif");
+gray1=im2double(gray1); //Convert the data type into double range
+figure,ShowImage(gray1,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+gray2=imread("Ex2_12_1.tif");
+gray2=im2double(gray2); ///Convert the data type into double range
+figure,ShowImage(gray2,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+gray3=imread("Ex2_12_2.tif");
+gray3=im2double(gray3); //Convert the data type into double range
+figure,ShowImage(gray3,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+
+y=variance(gray1); // calculate variance
+disp('Variance of Image 1:')
+disp(y);
+y=variance(gray2); // calculate variance
+disp('Variance of Image 2:')
+disp(y);
+y=variance(gray3); // calculate variance
+disp('Variance of Image 3:')
+disp(y);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce b/3176/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2f64d2ed9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH2/EX2.2/Ex2_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Ex2_2
+//Illustration of the Effects of Reducing Image Spatial Resolution
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=imread("Ex2_2.tif");
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image (1250 DPI)');
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+a1=imresize(gray,[443 337],'nearest');
+figure,ShowImage(a1,'Resize Image');
+title('Resize Image (300 DPI)');
+
+a2=imresize(gray,[886 675],'nearest');
+figure,ShowImage(a2,'Resize Image');
+title('Resize Image (150 DPI)');
+
+a3=imresize(gray,[213 162],'nearest');
+figure,ShowImage(a3,'Resize Image');
+title('Resize Image (72 DPI)');
diff --git a/3176/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce b/3176/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2af90885b --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH2/EX2.3/Ex2_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Ex2_3
+//Typical Effects of Varying the Number of Intensity Levels in a digital Image
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=rgb2gray(imread("Ex2_3.png"));
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[nr nc]=size(gray);
+b=gray;
+level=[128 64 32 16 8 4 2];
+for x=1:length(level)
+k=level(x);
+for y=1:k
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ if(gray(i,j)>=((255/k)*(y-1)) & gray(i,j)<((255/k)*y))
+ b(i,j)=((255/k)*(y-1))+((255/k)/2);
+ end
+ end
+end
+end
+figure,ShowImage(b,'OutPut Image');
+title('Image With Less Number of Gray Level');
+end
+
diff --git a/3176/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce b/3176/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..17dee6d04 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH2/EX2.4/Ex2_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//Ex2_4
+//Comparision of Interpolation Approaches for Image Shrinking and Zooming
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=imread("Ex2_4.tif");
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image (1250 DPI)');
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+a2=imresize(gray,[213 162],'nearest'); //nearest neigubour Interpolation
+figure,ShowImage(a2,'Resize Image');
+title('Resize Image (72 DPI) nearest neigubour Interpolation');
+a2=imresize(gray,[213 162],'bilinear'); ///bilinear Interpolation
+figure,ShowImage(a2,'Resize Image');
+title('Resize Image (72 DPI) with bilinear Interpolation');
+a2=imresize(gray,[213 162],'bicubic'); //bicubic Interpolation
+figure,ShowImage(a2,'Resize Image');
+title('Resize Image (72 DPI) with bicubic Interpolation');
+
+a3=imresize(gray,[886 675],'nearest'); //nearest neigubour Interpolation
+figure,ShowImage(a3,'Resize Image');
+title('Resize Image (150 DPI) with nearest neigubour Interpolation');
+a3=imresize(gray,[886 675],'nearest'); ///bilinear Interpolation
+figure,ShowImage(a3,'Resize Image');
+title('Resize Image (150 DPI) with bilinear Interpolation');
+a3=imresize(gray,[886 675],'nearest'); //bicubic Interpolation
+figure,ShowImage(a3,'Resize Image');
+title('Resize Image (150 DPI) with bicubic Interpolation');
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce b/3176/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..326df7f35 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH2/EX2.5/Ex2_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +//Ex2_5
+//Addition of Noisy Images for Noise Reduction
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=imread("Ex2_5.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(gray);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[nr nc]=size(gray);
+noise_image=gray;
+
+out_image=double(zeros(nr,nc));
+level=[5 10 20 50 100];
+for i=1:length(level)
+No=level(i);
+disp(No);
+for k=1:No
+ noisy_image=imnoise(noise_image,'gaussian',0,0.02);
+// figure,ShowImage(noisy_image,'Image corrupted by salt & pepper noise');//ShowImage() is used to sho w image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+// title('Image corrupted by Gaussian noise');//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+// disp(size(noise_image));
+ out_image=imadd(out_image,noisy_image);
+end
+out_image=out_image/No;
+out_image=mat2gray(out_image);
+
+figure,ShowImage(out_image,'Image Recoverd from the Noise');//ShowImage() is used to show image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+ title('Image Recoverd from the Noise');//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+//Recoverd_Image=0.5*out_image.^0.15;//Gamma Transformation
+//figure,ShowImage(Recoverd_Image,'Recoverd Image after Gamma Transormation');//ShowImage() is used to show image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+//title('Image Recoverd from the Noise');//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+end
diff --git a/3176/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce b/3176/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8eb91a2b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH2/EX2.6/Ex2_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Ex2_6
+//Image Subtraction for Enhancing differences
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=imread("Ex2_6.tif");
+gray=imresize(gray,0.25,'bicubic'); //Resize the Image with bicubic Interpolation
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[nr nc]=size(gray);
+for i=1:8
+ c(:,:,i)=mtlb_logical(bitget(gray,9-i)); // Separate bit Planes from the Gray Scale Image
+
+end
+c(:,:,8)=zeros(nr,nc); // Set Zeros to LSB
+//c(:,:,7)=zeros(nr,nc); // Set Zeros to LSB
+
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ mask(i,j)=(2^7)*c(i,j,1)+(2^6)*c(i,j,2)+(2^5)*c(i,j,3)+(2^4)*c(i,j,4)+(2^3)*c(i,j,5)+(2^2)*c(i,j,6)+(2^1)*c(i,j,7)+(2^0)*c(i,j,8);
+ end
+end
+figure;ShowImage(mask,'Modified Image');
+title('Image Obtained by Setting Zeros to LSB ');
+mask=uint8(mask); //Convert the Image to uint8 Data Type
+Diff_image=imsubtract(gray,mask); //Subtract two Images
+Diff_image=mat2gray(Diff_image);
+figure;ShowImage(Diff_image,'Modified Image');
+title('Difference of two images');
diff --git a/3176/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce b/3176/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96eb47f12 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH2/EX2.7/Ex2_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +//Ex2_7
+// Image Multiplication for Shadding Correction.
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+////////////////// Image Division /////////////////////
+gray=imread("Ex2_7.tif");
+shade=imread("Ex2_7_1.tif");
+gray=im2double(imresize(gray,0.5,'bicubic')); //Resize the Image with Bicubic Interpolation
+shade=im2double(imresize(shade,0.5,'bicubic')); //Resize the Image with Bicubic Interpolation
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+figure,ShowImage(shade,'Sahde Image');
+title('Shading Pattern Image');
+[nr nc]=size(gray);
+Enhance_image=imdivide(gray,shade);
+Enhance_image=mat2gray(Enhance_image);
+figure,ShowImage(Enhance_image,'Enhance Image');
+title('Enhance Image after Shading Correction');
+
+////////////////// Image Multiplication /////////////////////
+gray=imread("Ex2_7_2.tif");
+mask=imread("Ex2_7_3.tif");
+gray=im2double(imresize(gray,0.5,'bicubic')); //Resize the Image with Bicubic Interpolation
+mask=im2double(imresize(mask,0.5,'bicubic')); //Resize the Image with Bicubic Interpolation
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+figure,ShowImage(mask,'mask Image');
+title('mask Pattern Image(ROI)');
+[nr nc]=size(gray);
+Enhance_image=immultiply(gray,mask);
+Enhance_image=mat2gray(Enhance_image);
+figure,ShowImage(Enhance_image,'Enhance Image');
+title('ROI Selection');
+
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d4aed4978 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.1/Ex3_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +//Ex3_1
+// Gamma Intensity transformation
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=imread("Ex3_1.tif");
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+c=1;
+gamma=[0.6 0.4 0.3];
+for i=1:length(gamma)
+ b=c.*(gray).^gamma(i); //Gamma transformation
+ b=mat2gray(b);
+ figure,ShowImage(b,'Gray Image');
+ title('Enhance Image after Gamma transformation','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_equ.jpeg b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_equ.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..5828162ba --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_equ.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_local.jpeg b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_local.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100755 index 000000000..5a52a6223 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/3_10_his_local.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4f14adcbd --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.10/Ex3_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +//Ex3_10
+// Local Histogram Equalization
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+p1=imread('Ex3_10.tif');
+a=imcrop(p1,[175 178 155 160]);
+//a=imresize(a,0.5,'bicubic');
+[P Q]=size(a);
+
+/////////////////////////// Global Histogram Equalization /////////////////////////
+[count cell]=imhist(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+r=cell'; // Transpose of matrix
+nk=round(count)'; // Transpose of matrix
+M=sum(nk);
+probeblity_r=nk/M; // Probablity calculation
+for i=1:length(r)
+ sum_1=0;
+ for j=1:i
+ sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(j);
+ end
+ s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;
+end
+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach
+//disp(s);
+[nr nc]=size(s);
+temp=s'; // Transpose of matrix
+for i=1:P // Intensity Replacement in Original Image
+ for j=1:Q
+ b(i,j)=temp(double(a(i,j))+1);
+ end
+end
+figure,ShowImage(b,'histogram Equlized Image');
+title('Image Enhancement using Global Histogram Equalization','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Local Histogram Equalization /////////////////////////
+mask=3;
+for i=1+floor(mask/2):P-floor(mask/2)
+ for j=1+floor(mask/2):Q-floor(mask/2)
+ a1=a(i-floor(mask/2):1:i+floor(mask/2),j-floor(mask/2):1:j+floor(mask/2)) ;
+ [count cell]=imhist(a1);
+ r=cell'; // Transpose of matrix
+ nk=round(count)'; // Transpose of matrix
+ M=sum(nk);
+ probeblity_r=nk/M; // Probablity calculation
+ for x=1:length(r)
+ sum_1=0;
+ for y=1:x
+ sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(y);
+ end
+ s(x)=max(r)*sum_1;
+ end
+ s=round(s); // Rounding Approach
+ //disp(s);
+ [nr nc]=size(s);
+ temp=s'; // Transpose of matrix
+ b(i,j)=temp(double(a(i,j))+1);
+ end
+ disp(i);
+end
+figure,ShowImage(b,'histogram Equlized Image');
+title('Image Enhancement using Local Histogram Equalization','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..4c4c3d656 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.11/Ex3_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//Ex3_11
+// Computing Histogram Statistic
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=uint8([0 0 1 1 2;1 2 3 0 1;3 3 2 2 0;2 3 1 0 0;1 1 3 2 2]);
+L=max(a);
+[P Q]=size(a);
+
+/////////////////////////// Global Histogram Equalization /////////////////////////
+[count cell]=imhist(a);
+//figure,bar(cell(1:L+1),count(1:L+1),0.2);
+//title('Histogram');
+r=cell(1:L+1)'; // Transpose of matrix
+nk=round(count(1:L+1))'; // Transpose of matrix
+M=sum(nk);
+probeblity_r=nk/M; // Probablity calculation
+sum_1=0;
+for i=1:length(r)
+ sum_1=sum_1+(r(i)*probeblity_r(i));
+end
+Mean=sum_1;
+disp('Probablity:');
+disp(probeblity_r);
+disp('Mean:');
+disp(Mean);
+
+Mean1=mean(double(a));
+disp('Mean Calculated from (5*5)Image:');
+disp(Mean1);
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ac44e2f9d --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.12/Ex3_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +//Ex3_12
+// Local Enhancement using Histogram Statistic
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread('Ex3_12.tif');
+//a=double(a);
+[M N]=size(a);
+
+/////////////////////////// Global Histogram Equalization /////////////////////////
+[count cell]=imhist(a); // Histogram Calculation
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+r=cell'; // Transpose of matrix
+nk=round(count)'; // Transpose of matrix
+P=sum(nk);
+probeblity_r=nk/P; // Probablity calculation
+for i=1:length(r)
+ sum_1=0;
+ for j=1:i
+ sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(j);
+ end
+ s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;
+end
+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach
+disp(s);
+[nr nc]=size(s);
+temp=s'; // Transpose of matrix
+for i=1:M // Intensity Replacement in Original Image
+ for j=1:N
+ b(i,j)=temp(double(a(i,j))+1);
+ end
+end
+figure,ShowImage(b,'histogram Equlized Image');
+title('Image Enhancement using Global Histogram Statistic ','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Image Enhancement using Local Histogram Statistic /////////////////////////
+E=4;K0=0.4;K1=0.02;K2=0.4;
+mask=3;
+Mean_G=mean(double(a)); // Global Mean Value
+Variance_G=variance(double(a)); // Global Variance Value
+
+for i=1+floor(mask/2):M-floor(mask/2)
+ for j=1+floor(mask/2):N-floor(mask/2)
+ a1=a(i-floor(mask/2):1:i+floor(mask/2),j-floor(mask/2):1:j+floor(mask/2)) ;
+ Mean_L=mean(double(a1)); // Local Mean Value
+ Variance_L=variance(double(a1)); // Local Variance Value
+ if((Mean_L<=K0*Mean_G) & (K1*Variance_G<=Variance_L) & (Variance_L<=K2*Variance_G))
+ g(i,j)=E*a(i,j);
+ else
+ g(i,j)=a(i,j);
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+figure,ShowImage(g,'Local Histogram Statistic');
+title('Image Enhancement using Local Histogram Statistic','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..fab5173a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.13/Ex3_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +//Ex3_13
+// Image Smoothing
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread('Ex3_13.tif');
+[M N]=size(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (3*3) /////////////////////////
+F=fspecial('average',3);
+Image=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////
+F=fspecial('average',5);
+Image=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(5*5)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////
+F=fspecial('average',9);
+Image=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(9*9)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////
+F=fspecial('average',15);
+Image=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(15*15)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Smoothing with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////
+F=fspecial('average',35);
+Image=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Mask Size(35*35)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8df299b30 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.14/Ex3_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Ex3_14
+// Median Filtering for Noise Reduction
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread('Ex3_14.tif');
+[M N]=size(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Averaging Filter with Mask Size (3*3) /////////////////////////
+F=fspecial('average',3);
+Image=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Averaging Filter(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Median Filtering with Mask Size (5*5) /////////////////////////
+Image=MedianFilter(a,[3 3]);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Original Image');
+title('Median Filtered Image with Median Filter(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3167b1db1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.15/Ex3_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +//Ex3_15
+// Image Sharpning using Laplacian
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread('Ex3_15.tif');
+[M N]=size(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////
+F=fspecial('laplacian',0);
+Image1=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image1,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Laplacian Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////
+F=[1 1 1;1 -8 1;1 1 1];
+Image2=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image2,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Laplacian Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////
+b=a-(1*Image1);
+figure,ShowImage(b,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Laplacian Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////
+b=a-(1*Image2);
+figure,ShowImage(b,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Laplacian Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cdd7a580d --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.16/Ex3_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//Ex3_16
+// Image Sharpning using Un-Sharp Masking and High-Boost Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread('Ex3_16.tif');
+[M N]=size(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////
+F=fspecial('gaussian',5,3);
+Image1=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image1,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with gaussian Filter(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Unsharp_Mask=a-Image1;
+figure,ShowImage(Unsharp_Mask,'Original Image');
+title('Unsharp Mask Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Un-Sharp Filtering /////////////////////////
+k=1;
+Unsharp=a+(k.*Image1);
+figure,ShowImage(Unsharp,'Original Image');
+title('Unsharp Filtered Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// High-Boost Filtering /////////////////////////
+k=4.5;
+High_Boost=a+(k.*Image1);
+figure,ShowImage(High_Boost,'Original Image');
+title('High_Boost Filtered Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ec221d928 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.17/Ex3_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ +//Ex3_17
+// Use of gradient for Edge Enhancement
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=rgb2gray(imread('Ex3_17.png'));
+[M N]=size(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Laplacian Filtering /////////////////////////
+F=fspecial('sobel'); // Sobel Mask
+Image1=imfilter(a,F);
+figure,ShowImage(Image1,'Original Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Sobel Gradient(3*3)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6b984f70e --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.2/Ex3_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +//Ex3_2
+// Illustration of Power Law Transformation
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=imread("Ex3_2.tif");
+gray=im2double(gray);
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+c=1;
+gamma=[3 4 5];
+for i=1:length(gamma)
+ b=c.*(gray).^gamma(i); //Gamma transformation
+ b=mat2gray(b);
+ figure,ShowImage(b,'Gray Image');
+ title('Enhance Image after Gamma transformation','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+end
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed8e2139c --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.3/Ex3_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Ex3_3
+// Intensity Level Slicing
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=imread("Ex3_3.tif");
+//gray=im2double(gray);
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+A=145;
+B=245;
+for i=1:M
+ for j=1:N
+ if(gray(i,j)>A & gray(i,j)<=B)
+ b(i,j)=255;
+ c(i,j)=255;
+ else
+ b(i,j)=0;
+ c(i,j)=gray(i,j);
+ end
+ end
+end
+figure,ShowImage(b,'Gray Image');
+title('Image after Intensity Slicing transformation','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+figure,ShowImage(c,'Gray Image');
+title('Image after Intensity Slicing transformation(Linear)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7ec584068 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.5/Ex3_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +//Ex3_5
+// A Simple Illustration of Histogram Equalization
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+r=[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7]; // Intensity
+nk=[790 1023 850 656 329 245 122 81]; //Total No. of Pixels having Same Intensity
+M=sum(nk);
+probability_r=nk/M; // Probability calculation
+for i=1:length(r)
+ sum_1=0;
+ for j=1:i
+ sum_1=sum_1+probability_r(j);
+ end
+ s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;
+end
+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach
+disp(s);
+[nr nc]=size(s);
+
+
+for i=0:max(r)
+ [row col]=find(s==i);
+ len=length(row);
+ if(len>0)
+ sum_1=0;
+ for j=1:len
+ sum_1=sum_1+probability_r(row(j)); //Addition of Probability of same intensity after Equalization
+ end
+ Hist_equ(i+1)=sum_1;
+ else
+ Hist_equ(i+1)=0;
+ end
+end
+disp('Histogram Equalization:')
+disp(Hist_equ);
+
+figure,bar(r,probability_r,0.1);
+title('Original Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');
+
+figure,bar(r,Hist_equ,0.1);
+title('Equalized Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..7a9af7a65 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.6/Ex3_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +//Ex3_6
+// Histogram Equalization
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread('Ex3_6.tif');
+[P Q]=size(a);
+[count cell]=imhist(a);
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Original Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+r=cell'; // Transpose of matrix
+nk=round(count)'; // Transpose of matrix
+
+//r=[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7]; // Intensity
+//nk=[790 1023 850 656 329 245 122 81]; //Total No. of Pixels having Same Intensity
+M=sum(nk);
+probeblity_r=nk/M; // Probablity calculation
+for i=1:length(r)
+ sum_1=0;
+ for j=1:i
+ sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(j);
+ end
+ s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;
+end
+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach
+disp(s);
+[nr nc]=size(s);
+temp=s'; // Transpose of matrix
+for i=1:P // Intensity Replacement in Original Image
+ for j=1:Q
+ b(i,j)=temp(double(a(i,j))+1);
+ end
+end
+figure,ShowImage(b,'histogram Equlized Image');
+title('histogram Equlized Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+for i=0:max(r)
+ [row col]=find(s==i);
+ len=length(row);
+ if(len>0)
+ sum_1=0;
+ for j=1:len
+ sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(row(j)); //Addition of Probability of same intensity after Equqlization
+ end
+ Hist_equ(i+1)=sum_1;
+ else
+ Hist_equ(i+1)=0;
+ end
+end
+disp('Histogram Equlization:')
+disp(Hist_equ);
+
+figure,bar(r,Hist_equ,0.1);
+title('Equalized Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b730075a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex3_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +//Ex3_8
+// Histogram Specification
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+r=[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7]; // Intensity
+nk=[790 1023 850 656 329 245 122 81]; //Total No. of Pixels having Same Intensity
+probability_Specified=[0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.20 0.30 0.20 0.15]; // Histogram Specification
+M=sum(nk);
+probability_r=nk/M; // Probablity calculation
+for i=1:length(r)
+ sum_1=0;
+ sum_2=0;
+ for j=1:i
+ sum_1=sum_1+probability_r(j); // Histogram Equalization
+ sum_2=sum_2+probability_Specified(j); // Histogram Specification
+ end
+ s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;
+ G(i)=max(r)*sum_2;
+end
+
+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach
+disp('Histogram Equalization:')
+disp(s);
+G=round(G); // Rounding Approach
+disp('Histogram Specification G(Zq):')
+disp(G);
+[nr nc]=size(s);
+
+for i=0:max(r)
+ [row col]=find(G(i+1)==s);
+ len=length(row);
+ if(len>0)
+ sum_1=0;
+ for j=1:len
+ sum_1=sum_1+probability_r(row(j));
+ end
+ Hist_Spe(i+1)=sum_1;
+ end
+ if(len==0)
+ if(G(i+1)==0)
+ Hist_Spe(i+1)=0;
+ else
+ Hist_Spe(i+1)=probability_r(G(i+1));
+ end
+end
+end
+disp('Histogram After Matching:')
+disp(Hist_Spe);
+
+figure,bar(r,probability_r,0.1);
+title('Original Histrogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');
+
+figure,bar(r,probability_Specified,0.1);
+title('Specified Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');
+
+figure,bar(r,Hist_Spe,0.1);
+title('Histogram matching','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Probability of Same Intensity');
diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_1.jpeg b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_1.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ed3a18eba --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_1.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_2.jpeg b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_2.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..46527c48c --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH3/EX3.8/Ex_3_8_2.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..91e00f427 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.1/Ex4_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,47 @@ +//Ex4_1
+// Obtaining the Fourier Transform of a Simple Function
+//Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+clc; //to clear command window.
+clear; //to kill previously defined variables.
+xdel(winsid());//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+f=-5:0.01:5;
+[nr nc]=size(f);
+signal=ones(nr,nc);
+A=1;
+W=length(f);
+for i=1:W
+ if(f(i)==0)
+ mag(i)=A;
+ else
+ mag(i)=A*W*(sin(%pi*f(i)*W)/((%pi*f(i)*W)+%eps));
+ end
+
+end
+
+figure,mtlb_axis([-6 6 0 2]);
+bar(f,signal,0.1);
+xlabel('Time Index','color','blue','fontsize',2);
+ylabel('Amplitude','color','blue','fontsize',2);
+title('Rectangle Function','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+figure,//mtlb_axis([-15 15 0 2]);
+plot(f,mag);
+xlabel('Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',2);
+ylabel('Amplitude','color','blue','fontsize',2);
+title('Frequency Spectrum Plot','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+figure,//mtlb_axis([-15 15 0 2]);
+plot(f,abs(mag));
+xlabel('Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',2);
+ylabel('Amplitude','color','blue','fontsize',2);
+title('Frequency Spectrum Plot','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbc2fc153 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.13/Ex4_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +//Ex4_13
+//The 2-D Fourier Spectrum of a Simple Function
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread("Ex4_13_1.tif");
+a=imresize(a,0.5);
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(a);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h1=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+figure,ShowImage(mat2gray(abs(h1)),'Frequency spectrum');
+title('Frequency spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+in=fftshift(h1);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+figure,ShowImage(mat2gray(abs(in)),'Frequency spectrum');
+title('Centred Frequency spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+i=log(1+abs(in));
+inm=mat2gray(i)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+
+/////////////////////////// Effect of Translation //////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex4_13_2.png");
+gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(gray);
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+h2=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h2));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+
+/////////////////////////// Effect of Rotation //////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex4_13_3.png");
+gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(gray);
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+h3=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h3));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Phase Spectrum //////////////////////////////
+phase=atand(imag(h1),real(h1));
+phase_1=mat2gray(phase);
+figure,ShowImage(phase_1,'phase Spectrum');
+title('phase Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+phase=atand(imag(h2),real(h2));
+phase_1=mat2gray(phase);
+figure,ShowImage(phase_1,'phase Spectrum');
+title('phase Spectrum of Translated Object','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+phase=atand(imag(h3),real(h3));
+phase_1=mat2gray(phase);
+figure,ShowImage(phase_1,'phase Spectrum');
+title('phase Spectrum of Rotated Object','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cd115043a --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.14/Ex4_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,63 @@ +//Ex4_14
+// Futher Illustration of a Properties of a Fourier Spectrum and Phase Angle
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread("Ex4_14.tif");
+mask=imread("Ex4_14_2.tif");
+mask=im2double(imresize(mask,[512 512]));
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(a);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+in=fftshift(h);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+i=log(1+abs(in));
+
+inm=mat2gray(i);
+//figure,ShowImage(inm,'Center Frequency Spectrum');
+//title('Center Frequency Spectrum');
+
+phase=atand(imag(h),real(h));
+phase_1=mat2gray(phase);
+figure,ShowImage(phase_1,'phase Spectrum');
+title('phase Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+phase_mask=atand(imag(fft2(mask)),real(fft2(mask)));
+phase_2=mat2gray(phase_mask);
+//figure,ShowImage(phase_2,'phase Spectrum');
+//title('phase Spectrum 2');
+
+Image_recoverd=real(ifft(phase));
+Image_recoverd=mat2gray(Image_recoverd)
+//figure,ShowImage(Image_recoverd,'recoverd Image');
+//title('recoverd Image by only Phase');
+
+
+Image_recoverd=fftshift(real(ifft(abs(h))));
+Image_recoverd=mat2gray(Image_recoverd)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_recoverd,'recoverd Image');
+title('recoverd Image by only Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+Image_recoverd=real(ifft(fftshift((mask.*in)+phase)));
+Image_recoverd=(mat2gray(Image_recoverd));
+figure,ShowImage(Image_recoverd,'recoverd Image');
+title('recoverd Image by Magnitude in mask and Phase','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+Image_recoverd=real(ifft(fftshift(in)+abs(fft2(mask))));
+Image_recoverd=(mat2gray(Image_recoverd));
+figure,ShowImage(Image_recoverd,'recoverd Image');
+title('recoverd Image by phase in mask and magnitude','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..32709a8a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.15/Ex4_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +//Ex4_15
+// Obtaining a Frequency domain Filter from a Small Spatial Mask
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=sobelfilter(mask_pad)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image.
+ x=fft2(mask_pad);
+ [nr nc]=size(mask_pad);
+ x_real=real(x);
+ x_imag=imag(x);
+ z=zeros(nr,nc)+%i*x_imag
+ H=fftshift(z);
+ y=log(1+abs(H));
+ y=mat2gray(y)
+ figure,ShowImage(y,'Frequency Spectrum');
+ title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+endfunction
+
+
+
+
+a=imread("Ex4_15.tif");
+gray=im2double(a);
+mask=[-1 0 1;-2 0 2;-1 0 1];
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+gray_pad=zeros(M+2,N+2); // Zero Padding
+mask_pad=zeros(M+2,N+2); // Zero Padding
+gray_pad(1:M,1:N)=gray(1:$,1:$);
+mask_pad(1:3,1:3)=mask(1:$,1:$);
+
+h=fft2(gray_pad);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+
+in=fftshift(h);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+i=log(1+abs(in));
+inm=mat2gray(i)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+///////////////////////////// Filtering Domain Filtering ///////////////////////
+filt=sobelfilter(mask_pad); // Function which generate Filter Mask
+n=filt.*in;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+n=fftshift(n);
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image in Frequency Domain','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+///////////////////////////// Spatial Domain Filtering ///////////////////////
+
+imf = imfilter(a,mask);
+//imf=1*(imf.^1.2);
+[r c]=find(imf==0 | imf<=110);
+ for i=1:length(r)
+ imf(r(i),c(i)) = 125;
+ end
+figure,ShowImage(imf,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image in Spatial Domain','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..500184108 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.16/Ex4_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,107 @@ +//Ex4_16
+//Image Smooting Using an ILPF
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=lowpassfilter(type1,M,N,D0,n)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u);
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2);
+ select type1
+
+ case'ideal'then
+ H=double(D<=D0);
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex4_16.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(a);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 10 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('ideal',M,N,10); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 10','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 30 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('ideal',M,N,30); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 30','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 60 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('ideal',M,N,60); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 60','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 160 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('ideal',M,N,160); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 160','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 460 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('ideal',M,N,460); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 460','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.16/Ex_4_16_3.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.16/Ex_4_16_3.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebecbda6b --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.16/Ex_4_16_3.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.16/Ex_4_16_5.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.16/Ex_4_16_5.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..da4e7a381 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.16/Ex_4_16_5.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2e5966dd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.17/Ex4_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +//Ex4_17
+// Image Smoothing with a Butterworth LowPass Filter
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=lowpassfilter(type1,M,N,D0,n)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u);
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2);
+ select type1
+
+ case'butterworth'then
+ if argn(2)==4 then
+ n=1;
+ end
+ H = ones(M,N)./(1+(D./D0).^(2*n));
+
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex4_17.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(a);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 10 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,10); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 10','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 30 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,30); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 30','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 60 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,60); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 60','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 160 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,160); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 160','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 460 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,460); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 460','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.17/Ex_4_17_2.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.17/Ex_4_17_2.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..692c991cc --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.17/Ex_4_17_2.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.17/Ex_4_17_4.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.17/Ex_4_17_4.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..b40e63022 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.17/Ex_4_17_4.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8a3e54776 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.18/Ex4_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,108 @@ +//Ex4_18
+//Image Smoothing Using Gaussian Lowpass Filter.
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=lowpassfilter(type1,M,N,D0,n)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u);
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2);
+ select type1
+
+ case'gaussian'then
+ H=exp(-(D.^2)./(2*(D0^2)));
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex4_18.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(a);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 10 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('gaussian',M,N,10); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 10','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 30 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('gaussian',M,N,30); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 30','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 60 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('gaussian',M,N,60); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 60','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 160 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('gaussian',M,N,160); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 160','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 460 ///////////////////////
+filt=lowpassfilter('gaussian',M,N,460); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 460','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.18/Ex_4_18_2.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.18/Ex_4_18_2.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..a1ab1a125 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.18/Ex_4_18_2.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.18/Ex_4_18_4.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.18/Ex_4_18_4.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..2ab6ae851 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.18/Ex_4_18_4.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6adcbaf41 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.19/Ex4_19.sce @@ -0,0 +1,86 @@ +//Ex4_19
+//Using Highpass Filter and Thresholding for Image Enhancement
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=lowpassfilter(type1,M,N,D0,n)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u);
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2);
+ select type1
+
+ case'ideal'then
+ H=double(D<=D0);
+
+ case'Laplacian'then
+ H=1+(4*(%pi)^2*D^2);
+
+ case'butterworth'then
+ if argn(2)==4 then
+ n=1;
+ end
+ H = ones(M,N)./(1+(D./D0).^(2*n));
+
+ case'gaussian'then
+ H=exp(-(D.^2)./(2*(D0^2)));
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex4_19.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(imresize(a,[540 540]));
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+//figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');
+//title('Frequency Spectrum');
+
+filt=1-lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,50,4); // User Define Function which generate Filter Mask
+filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(filt_shift,'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Specific Cut-Off Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+thr = maskthresh(Image_filter);
+
+Image_Enhance=im2bw(Image_filter,thr);
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Enhance,'Filtered Image');
+title('Enhance Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.19/Ex_4_19_2.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.19/Ex_4_19_2.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..f512bf130 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.19/Ex_4_19_2.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.19/Ex_4_19_3.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.19/Ex_4_19_3.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..1dea8d2bb --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.19/Ex_4_19_3.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a193300fd --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.20/Ex4_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +//Ex4_20
+// Image Sharping in Frequency Domain Using the Laplacian
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=lowpassfilter(type1,M,N,D0,n)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u);
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2);
+ select type1
+
+ case'ideal'then
+ H=double(D<=D0);
+
+ case'Laplacian'then
+ H_temp=double(D<=D0);
+ H=(4*(%pi)^2*D^2);
+ H=H.*H_temp;
+
+ case'butterworth'then
+ if argn(2)==4 then
+ n=1;
+ end
+ H = ones(M,N)./(1+(D./D0).^(2*n));
+ H_temp=ones(M,N)+(4*(%pi)^2*D^2);
+ H=H.*H_temp;
+
+ case'gaussian'then
+ H=exp(-(D.^2)./(2*(D0^2)));
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex4_20.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(imresize(a,[540 540]));
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in);
+filt=lowpassfilter('Laplacian',M,N,55); // User Define Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter);
+
+z=gray+Image_filter;
+figure,ShowImage(mat2gray(z),'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Specific Cut-Off Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a0e4f18b6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.21/Ex4_21.sce @@ -0,0 +1,93 @@ +//Ex4_21
+//Image Enhancement using High frequency Emphasis Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=lowpassfilter(type1,M,N,D0,n)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u);
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2);
+ select type1
+
+ case'ideal'then
+ H=double(D<=D0);
+
+ case'Laplacian'then
+ H=1+(4*(%pi)^2*D^2);
+
+
+ case'butterworth'then
+ if argn(2)==4 then
+ n=1;
+ end
+ H = ones(M,N)./(1+(D./D0).^(2*n));
+
+ case'gaussian'then
+ H=exp(-(D.^2)./(2*(D0^2)));
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex4_21.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(imresize(a,[540 540]));
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+////////////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 10 ///////////////////////
+filt=1-lowpassfilter('gaussian',M,N,40); // User Define Function which generate Filter Mask
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure(1),ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image (High Pass) with Cut-Off Frequency 40','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+///////////////////// high boost filtering //////////////////////////////
+filt=0.5+(0.75.*(1-lowpassfilter('gaussian',M,N,40,4))); // User Define Function which generate Filter Mask
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Specific Cut-Off Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+Image_Enhance=bricontra(Image_filter,180,170,'m'); // Brightness Contrast agjustment (Intensity Transformation)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Enhance,'Filtered Image');
+title('Enhance Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.21/Ex_4_21_3.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.21/Ex_4_21_3.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..0a4660bc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.21/Ex_4_21_3.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.21/Ex_4_21_4.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.21/Ex_4_21_4.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..e51ce3984 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.21/Ex_4_21_4.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1c4ce8727 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.22/Ex4_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +//Ex4_22
+// Image Enhancement using Homomorphic Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=filter(type1,M,N,D0,low,high,c)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u); // Generate 2-d matrix from 1-d matrix
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2); // distnace calculation
+ select type1
+ case'Homomorphic'then
+ H=((high-low).*(1-(exp(-c*(D.^2)./(D0^2)))))+low;
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+
+a=imread("Ex4_22.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(imresize(a,[540 540]));
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in);
+low=0.25;
+high=2;
+c=1;
+D0=80;
+filt=filter('Homomorphic',M,N,D0,low,high,c); // User Define Function which generate Filter Mask
+
+n=filt.*h;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(n));
+//Image_Enhance = hiseq(a);
+
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter);
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Specific Cut-Off Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3e62f4732 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.23/Ex4_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,117 @@ +//Ex4_23
+// Reduction of Moire Pattern Using Notch Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=notchfilter(type1,M,N,D0,n)//notchfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u);
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2);
+ x=[41 45 82 86 162 166 203 207];
+ y=[112 55 112 56 114 58 115 58];
+ select type1
+ case'ideal'then
+ //H=double(D<=D0);
+H=ones(M,N);
+for a=1:M
+ for b=1:N
+ for i=1:length(x)
+ d=sqrt((a-x(i))*(a-x(i))+(b-y(i))*(b-y(i)));
+ if (d<D0)
+ //H(a,b)=1-(1/(1+(d/D0)^(2*n)));
+ H(a,b)=0
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+ case'butterworth'then
+ if argn(2)==4 then
+ n=1;
+ end
+ //H = ones(M,N)./(1+(D./D0).^(2*n));
+ H=ones(M,N);
+ for a=1:M
+ for b=1:N
+ for i=1:length(x)
+ d=sqrt((a-x(i))*(a-x(i))+(b-y(i))*(b-y(i)));
+ if (d<D0)
+ H(a,b)=1-(1/(1+(d/D0)^(2*n)));
+ //H(a,b)=0
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+ case'gaussian'then
+ //H=exp(-(D.^2)./(2*(D0^2)));
+ H=ones(M,N);
+ for a=1:M
+ for b=1:N
+ for i=1:length(x)
+ d=sqrt((a-x(i))*(a-x(i))+(b-y(i))*(b-y(i)));
+ if (d<D0)
+ //H(a,b)=1-(1/(1+(d/D0)^(2*n)));
+ H(a,b)=1-(exp(-(d.^2)./(2*(D0^2))));
+ //H(a,b)=0
+ end
+ end
+ end
+end
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+
+endfunction
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+
+a=imread("Ex4_23.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(a);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+filt=notchfilter('gaussian',M,N,9,2); // User Define Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+n=filt.*fftshift(h);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+figure,ShowImage(abs(n),'Frequency Spectrum');
+title('Spectrum After Filtering','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+Image_filter=real(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Specific Cut-Off Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.23/Ex_4_23_3.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.23/Ex_4_23_3.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..77648d06c --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.23/Ex_4_23_3.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.23/Ex_4_23_4.jpeg b/3176/CH4/EX4.23/Ex_4_23_4.jpeg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 000000000..29a25d60e --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.23/Ex_4_23_4.jpeg diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1e50e6749 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.24/Ex4_24.sce @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +//Ex4_24
+// Enhancement of Corrupted Cassini Saturn Image by Notch Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=notchfilter(M,N,W)//notchfilter is used to filter an image .
+ H=ones(M,N);
+ H(1:ceil(M/2-5),ceil(N/2-W/2):ceil(N/2+W/2))=0;
+ H(ceil(M/2+5):M,ceil(N/2-W/2):ceil(N/2+W/2))=0;
+
+endfunction
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex4_24.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(a);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');
+title('Frequency Spectrum','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+filt=notchfilter(M,N,7); // User Define Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+filt_pass=1-filt;
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+figure,ShowImage(filt,'Filter Mask');
+title('Filter Mask (Band stop) to Specific Cut-Off Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+n=filt.*fftshift(h);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Specific Cut-Off Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+figure,ShowImage(filt_pass,'Filter Mask');
+title('Filter Mask (Band Pass) to Specific Cut-Off Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+n=filt_pass.*fftshift(h);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image (Noise Pattern) with Specific Cut-Off Frequency','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..352069137 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.4/Ex4_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Ex4_4
+// The Mechanics of Computing the DFT
+//Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=[1 2 4 4];
+//b=fft2(a);
+disp('Original Signal:')
+disp(a);
+M=length(a);
+for i=1:M
+ b(i)=0;
+ for j=1:M
+ b(i)=b(i)+(a(j)*exp((-%i*2*%pi*(i-1)*(j-1)/M)));
+ end
+end
+disp('DFT of Signal:')
+disp(b);
+
+for i=1:M
+ d(i)=0;
+ for j=1:M
+ d(i)=d(i)+((b(j)*exp((%i*2*%pi*(i-1)*(j-1)/M)))/M);
+ end
+end
+disp('IDFT:')
+disp(abs(d));
+
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..53ca67984 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.7/Ex4_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +//Ex4_7
+// Illustration of Aliasing in Resampled Images
+//Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread("Ex4_7.tif");
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image [1025 1025]');
+//[M,N]=size(a);
+b=imresize(a,0.5,'nearest');
+[M,N]=size(b);
+d=[];
+f=[]
+for i=1:N
+ temp=b(:,i);
+ d=[d temp temp];
+end
+for i=1:M
+ temp=d(i,:);
+ f=[f;temp;temp];
+end
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Gray Image');
+title('Resize Image with Pixels Replication','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Averaging Approach to Reduce Jaggies Effect ////////////////
+filt=fspecial('average',3);
+a_filter=imfilter(a,filt);
+b=imresize(a_filter,0.5,'nearest');
+//figure,ShowImage(b,'Gray Image');
+//title('Resize Image with nearest Interpolation');
+[M,N]=size(b);
+d=[];
+f=[]
+for i=1:N
+ temp=b(:,i);
+ d=[d temp temp];
+end
+for i=1:M
+ temp=d(i,:);
+ f=[f;temp;temp];
+end
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Gray Image');
+title('Resize Image with Pixels Replication After Averaging','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f1a4c96cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.8/Ex4_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +//Ex4_8
+// Illustration of Jaggies in Image Shrinking
+//Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread("Ex4_8.tif");
+figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image [1024 1024]','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+//[M,N]=size(a);
+b=imresize(a,[256 256],'bicubic');
+//figure,ShowImage(b,'Gray Image');
+//title('Resize Image [256 256] with Bicubic Interpolation');
+[M,N]=size(b);
+d=[];
+f=[]
+for i=1:N
+ temp=b(:,i);
+ d=[d temp temp temp temp];
+end
+for i=1:M
+ temp=d(i,:);
+ f=[f;temp;temp;temp;temp];
+end
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Gray Image');
+title('Resize Image [1024 1024] with Pixels Replication','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////// Averaging Approach to Reduce Jaggies Effect ////////////////
+filt=fspecial('average',5);
+a_filter=imfilter(a,filt);
+b=imresize(a_filter,[256 256],'bicubic');
+//figure,ShowImage(b,'Gray Image');
+//title('Resize Image [256 256] with Bicubic Interpolation');
+[M,N]=size(b);
+d=[];
+f=[]
+for i=1:N
+ temp=b(:,i);
+ d=[d temp temp temp temp];
+end
+for i=1:M
+ temp=d(i,:);
+ f=[f;temp;temp;temp;temp];
+end
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Gray Image');
+title('Resize Image [1024 1024] with Pixels Replication After Averaging','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce b/3176/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2bd33a5ec --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH4/EX4.9/Ex4_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//Ex4_9
+// Illustration of Jaggies in Image Zooming
+//Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+a=imread("Ex4_9.tif");
+a=imcrop(a,[323 377 256 256]);
+//figure,ShowImage(a,'Gray Image');
+//title('Original Image [1025 1025]');
+b=imresize(a,[256 256],'bicubic');
+[M,N]=size(b);
+d=[];
+f=[]
+for i=1:N
+ temp=b(:,i);
+ d=[d temp temp temp temp];
+end
+for i=1:M
+ temp=d(i,:);
+ f=[f;temp;temp;temp;temp];
+end
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Gray Image');
+title('Resize Image [1024 1024] with Pixels Replication','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+///////////////////////////// Bi-linear Interpolation ////////////////
+
+f=imresize(a,[1024 1024],'bilinear');
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Gray Image');
+title('Resize Image [1024 1024] with Bi-linear Interpolation','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce b/3176/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bb5e70081 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH5/EX5.1/Ex5_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +//Ex5_1
+// Noisy Images and their Histogram
+//To plot the PDF of different Noise Distribution and add the same to the gray scale image.
+//(I)Gaussian (II)Uniform (III)Salt & Pepper (IV)Log Normal (V)Rayleigh (VI)Erlang (VII)Exponetial
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function R=imnoise2(type,M,N,a,b)
+ if argn(2)==3 then
+ a=0; b=1;
+ end
+
+ select type
+
+ case'gaussian'then
+ rand("normal")
+ R=a+b*rand(M,N);
+
+ case'uniform'then
+ R=a+(b-a)*rand(M,N,"uniform");
+
+ case'salt & pepper'then
+ if argn(2)==3
+ a = 0.15; b = 0.15;
+ end
+ if (a+b) > 1
+ error('The sum Pa + Pb must not exceed 1.');
+ end
+ R(1:M,1:N) = 0.5;
+ X = rand(M,N);
+ [r c] = find(X<=a);
+ for i=1:length(r)
+ R(r(i),c(i)) = 0;
+ end
+ u = a + b;
+ [r c] = find(X>a & X<=u);
+ for i=1:length(r)
+ R(r(i),c(i)) = 255;
+ end
+
+ case'lognormal'then
+ if argn(2)==3
+ a = 1; b = 0.25;
+ end
+ R = a*exp(b*mtlb_randn(M,N));
+
+ case'rayleigh'then
+ if argn(2)==3
+ a = 1; b = 0.25;
+ end
+ R = a + ((-b)*(log(1-rand(M,N,"uniform")))).^0.5;
+
+ case'exponential'then
+ if argn(2)==3
+ a = 1;
+ end
+ if a<=0
+ error('Parameter a must be positive for exponential type.');
+ end
+ k = -1/a;
+ R = k*log(1-rand(M,N,"uniform"));
+
+ case'erlang'then
+ if (b ~= round(b) | b <= 0)
+ error('Param b must be positive for integer for Erlang.')
+ end
+ k = -1/a;
+ R = zeros(M,N);
+ for j=1:b
+ R = R + k*log(1-rand(M,N,"uniform"));
+ end
+
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+
+endfunction
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////// Main Programm /////////////////////////////
+gray=imread("Ex5_1.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+//gray=im2double(gray);
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+[count,cell]=imhist(gray);
+figure,bar(cell,count,0.2);
+mtlb_axis([0 255 0 35000]);
+title('Histogram of Original Image');
+
+/////////////////////////////////////// Gaussian Noise ////////////////////
+r1=imnoise2('gaussian',M,N,15,5); // Generate Gaussian Noise with Given Mean and Variance
+gray_noise_gaussian=gray+(r1);
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_gaussian,'Gray Image with Noise');
+title('Gray Image with Noise gaussian');
+[count,cell]=imhist(gray_noise_gaussian);
+figure;bar(cell,count,1.2);
+mtlb_axis([0 255 0 3000]);
+title('Gaussian');
+
+/////////////////////////////////////// Rayleigh Noise ////////////////////
+r2=imnoise2('rayleigh',M,N,0,55); // Generate rayleigh Noise
+gray_noise_rayleigh=gray+(r2);
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_rayleigh,'Gray Image with Noise');
+title('Gray Image with Noise rayleigh');
+[count,cell]=imhist(gray_noise_rayleigh);
+figure;bar(cell,count,1.2);
+mtlb_axis([0 255 0 4000]);
+title('Rayleigh');
+
+/////////////////////////////////////// Erlang (Gamma) Noise ////////////////////
+r3=imnoise2('erlang',M,N,2,15); // Generate erlang Noise
+gray_noise_erlang=gray+(r3);
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_erlang,'Gray Image with Noise');
+title('Gray Image with Noise erlang(Gamma)');
+[count,cell]=imhist(gray_noise_erlang);
+figure;bar(cell,count,1.2);
+mtlb_axis([0 255 0 9500]);
+title('Erlang (Gamma)');
+
+/////////////////////////////////////// Exponential Noise ////////////////////
+r4=imnoise2('exponential',M,N,0.15); //Generate exponential Noise
+gray_noise_exponential=gray+(r4);
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_exponential,'Gray Image with Noise');
+title('Gray Image with Noise exponential');
+[count,cell]=imhist(gray_noise_exponential);
+figure;bar(cell,count,1.2);
+mtlb_axis([0 255 0 4500]);
+title('Exponential');
+
+/////////////////////////////////////// Uniform Noise ////////////////////
+r5=imnoise2('uniform',M,N,0,20); // Generate uniform Noise
+gray_noise_uniform=gray+(r5);
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_uniform,'Gray Image with Noise');
+title('Gray Image with Noise uniform');
+[count,cell]=imhist(gray_noise_uniform);
+figure;bar(cell,count,1.2);
+mtlb_axis([0 255 0 2000]);
+title('Uniform');
+
+/////////////////////////////////////// Salt & pepper Noise ////////////////////
+r6=imnoise2('salt & pepper',M,N,0.15,0.15); // Generate salt & pepper Noise
+gray_noise_salt_pepper=gray+(r6);
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_salt_pepper,'Gray Image with Noise');
+title('Gray Image with Noise salt&pepper');
+[count,cell]=imhist(gray_noise_salt_pepper);
+figure;bar(cell,count,1.2);
+mtlb_axis([0 255 0 35000]);
+title('Salt & pepper');
+
+///////////////////////////////////////// lognormal Noise ////////////////////
+//r7=imnoise2('lognormal',M,N,5,0.65); // Generate lognormal Noise
+//gray_noise_lognormal=gray+(r7);
+//figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_lognormal,'Gray Image with Noise');
+//title('Gray Image with Noise lognormal');
+//[count,cell]=imhist(gray_noise_lognormal);
+//figure;bar(cell,count,1.2);
+//mtlb_axis([0 255 0 5500]);
+//title('lognormal');
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce b/3176/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dddcbe872 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH5/EX5.10/Ex5_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +//Ex5_10
+//Image Bluring Due to Motion
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+gray=imread("Ex5_10.png");
+gray=im2double(rgb2gray(gray));
+//gray=im2double(imresize(a,0.5));
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+
+a=0.1;b=0.1;T=1; // Motion and Exposure Value
+for u=1:M
+ for v=1:N
+ H(u,v)=(T/(%pi*(u*a+v*b)))*(sin(%pi*(u*a+v*b)))*exp(-%i*%pi*(u*a+v*b)); //Motion Blure Function
+ end
+end
+
+n=h.*H;//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Degradation Function.
+Image_filter=abs(ifft(n));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Motion Blure Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce b/3176/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a6f1901cd --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH5/EX5.11/Ex5_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +//Ex5_11
+//Inverse Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H,H1]=lowpassfilter(type1,M,N,D0,n,k)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u);
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2); //Distance Calculation
+ D=fftshift(D);
+ for i=1:M
+ for j=1:N
+ H(i,j)=exp(-k.*((i-(M/2))^2+(j-(N/2))^2).^(5/6)); //Atmospheric Degradation Function
+ end
+ end
+
+ select type1
+
+ case'inverse'then
+ if argn(2)==4 then
+ n=1;k=0.0025;
+ end
+ H=H;
+ H1=H;
+
+ case'butterworth'then
+ if argn(2)==4 then
+ n=1;
+ end
+// H1 = (ones(M,N)./(1+(D./D0).^(2*n)));
+ H1=double(D<=D0);
+ H=H.*H1;
+
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+gray=imread('Ex5_11.png');
+gray=im2double(rgb2gray(gray));
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+in=fftshift(h);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+i=log(1+abs(in));
+
+inm=mat2gray(i)
+
+////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 480 ///////////////////////
+[filt,H1]=lowpassfilter('inverse',M,N,480,1,0.0025); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(abs(filt),'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=in./(filt+%eps);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=abs(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Full Inverse Filter','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 40 ///////////////////////
+[filt,H1]=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,40,10,0.0025); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(abs(filt),'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=(in.*H1)./(filt+%eps);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=abs(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 40','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 70 ///////////////////////
+[filt,H1]=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,70,10,0.0025); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(abs(filt),'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=(in.*H1)./(filt+%eps);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=abs(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 70','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 100 ///////////////////////
+[filt,H1]=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,100,10,0.0025); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(abs(filt),'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=(in.*H1)./(filt+%eps);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=abs(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 100','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce b/3176/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0ef07a070 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH5/EX5.12/Ex5_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +//Ex5_12
+//Comparision of Inverse Filtering and Wiener Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H,H1]=lowpassfilter(type1,M,N,D0,n,k)//lowpassfilter is used to filter an image .
+ u=0:(M-1);
+ v=0:(N-1);
+ idx=find(u>M/2);
+ u(idx)=u(idx)-M;
+ idy=find(v>N/2);
+ v(idy)=v(idy)-N;
+ [U,V]=meshgrid(v,u);
+ D=sqrt(U.^2+V.^2); //Distance Calculation
+ D=fftshift(D);
+ for i=1:M
+ for j=1:N
+ H(i,j)=exp(-k.*((i-(M/2))^2+(j-(N/2))^2).^(5/6)); //Atmospheric Degradation Function
+ end
+ end
+
+ select type1
+
+ case'inverse'then
+ if argn(2)==4 then
+ n=1;k=0.0025;
+ end
+ H=H;
+ H1=H;
+
+ case'butterworth'then
+ if argn(2)==4 then
+ n=1;
+ end
+// H1 = (ones(M,N)./(1+(D./D0).^(2*n)));
+ H1=double(D<=D0);
+ H=H.*H1;
+
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+gray=imread('Ex5_12.png');
+gray=im2double(rgb2gray(gray));
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+in=fftshift(h);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+i=log(1+abs(in));
+
+inm=mat2gray(i)
+
+////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 480 ///////////////////////
+[filt,H1]=lowpassfilter('inverse',M,N,480,1,0.0025); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(abs(filt),'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=in./(filt+%eps);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=abs(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Full Inverse Filter','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 40 ///////////////////////
+[filt,H1]=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,40,10,0.0025); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(abs(filt),'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=(in.*H1)./(filt+%eps);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=abs(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 40','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+////////////////////////// Filtering With Cut-off Frequency 40 ///////////////////////
+[filt,H1]=lowpassfilter('butterworth',M,N,40,10,0.0025); // Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+//figure,ShowImage(abs(filt),'Filter Mask');
+//title('Filter Mask to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+n=(in.*H1)./(((1/filt+%eps).*(filt^2/(filt^2+6)))+%eps); // Wiener Filtering.
+Image_filter=abs(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Cut-Off Frequency 40','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce b/3176/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..607616bb8 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH5/EX5.2/Ex5_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,214 @@ +//Ex5_2
+// Illustration of Mean Filters
+//To impliment the Following Mean Restoration filter
+// (I)Arithmetic (II)Geometric (III)Harmonic (IV)Contra Harmonic
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+
+function [f]=arithmetic_mean(v,m,n)
+ w=fspecial('average',m);
+ f=imfilter(v,w);
+endfunction
+
+function [f]=geometric_mean1(g,m,n);//gmean1() is used to filter an image using Geometric mean filter
+ size1=m;
+ q=m*n;
+ g=double(g);
+ [nr,nc]=size(g);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=g(1:$,1:$)
+ temp=temp+1;
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ temp2(i,j)=prod(t);
+ end
+ end
+ temp3=temp2.^(1/q);
+ nn=temp3(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)
+ f1=nn-1;
+ f=mat2gray(f1)
+endfunction
+
+function [f]=geometric_mean2(g,m,n);//gmean2() is used to filter an image using Geometric mean filter
+ size1=m;
+ q=m*n;
+ [nr,nc]=size(g);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=g(1:$,1:$)
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ temp2(i,j)=geomean(t);
+ end
+ end
+ nn=temp2(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)
+ f=mat2gray(nn)
+endfunction
+
+function [f]=Harmonic_mean(g,m,n) //harmean1() is used to filter an image using Harmonic mean filter.
+ size1=m;
+ d=m*n;
+ g=double(g);
+ [nr,nc]=size(g);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=g(1:$,1:$);
+
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ t1=ones(m,n)./(t+%eps);
+ t2=sum(t1);
+ temp2(i,j)=d/t2;
+ end
+ end
+ nn=temp2(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1);
+ f=mat2gray(nn);
+endfunction
+
+function [f]=Contra_Harmonic_mean(g,m,n,Q) //charmean1() is use to filter an image using Contra Harmonic mean filter
+ size1=m;
+ d=m*n;
+ g=double(g);
+ [nr,nc]=size(g);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=g(1:$,1:$)
+ disp(Q)
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ d1=(t+%eps).^Q;
+ n1=(t+%eps).^(Q+1);
+ d2=sum(d1);
+ n2=sum(n1);
+ temp2(i,j)=n2/(d2);
+ end
+ end
+ nn=temp2(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)
+ f=nn;
+endfunction
+
+///////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////
+
+gray=imread("Ex5_2.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+//gray=im2double(gray);
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+///////////////////////////////////// Arithmetical Mean Filter ////////////////////
+v=imnoise(gray,'gaussian',0,0.02);
+figure,ShowImage(v,'Noisy Image');
+title('Image with Gaussian Noise');
+m=3;n=3;
+[f]=arithmetic_mean(v,m,n);
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Arithmetical Mean Filter');
+
+///////////////////////////////////// Geometric Mean Filter ////////////////////
+v=imnoise(gray,'gaussian',0,0.02);
+figure,ShowImage(v,'Noisy Image');
+title('Image with Gaussian Noise');
+m=3;n=3;
+[f]=geometric_mean1(v,m,n);
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Geometric Mean Filter');
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////// Geometric Mean Filter ////////////////////
+//v=imnoise(gray,'gaussian',0,0.02);
+//figure,ShowImage(v,'Noisy Image');
+//title('Image with Gaussian Noise');
+//m=3;n=3;
+//[f]=geometric_mean2(v,m,n);
+//figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+//title('Recovered Image with Geometric Mean Filter');
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////// Harmonic Mean Filter ////////////////////
+//temp(1:M,1:N)=0.5;
+//r3=imnoise(temp,'salt & pepper',0.1); // Generate salt & pepper Noise
+//gray_noise_salt=gray; // Add salt Noise Only
+//[r c]=find(r3==1);
+// for i=1:length(r)
+// gray_noise_salt(r(i),c(i)) = 255;
+// end
+//figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_salt,'Noisy Image');
+//title('Image with Salt Noise');
+//m=3;n=3;
+//[f]=Harmonic_mean(gray_noise_salt,m,n);
+//figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+//title('Recovered Image with Harmonic Mean Filter');
+//
+//////////////////////////////// Contra_Harmonic Mean Filter (Pepper) ////////////////////
+temp(1:M,1:N)=0.5;
+r3=imnoise(temp,'salt & pepper',0.05); //Generate salt & pepper Noise
+gray_noise_pepper=gray; //Add pepper Noise Only
+[r c]=find(r3==0); //Find pepper Noise Only
+ for i=1:length(r)
+ gray_noise_pepper(r(i),c(i)) = 0;
+ end
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_pepper,'Noisy Image');
+title('Image with pepper Noise');
+m=3;n=3;Q=1.5;
+[f]=Contra_Harmonic_mean(gray_noise_pepper,m,n,Q);
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Contra Harmonic Mean Filter[ Q=1.5 ]');
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Contra_Harmonic Mean Filter (Salt) ////////////////////
+temp(1:M,1:N)=0.5;
+r3=imnoise(temp,'salt & pepper',0.1); //Generate salt & pepper Noise
+gray_noise_salt=gray; //Add salt Noise Only
+[r c]=find(r3==1);
+ for i=1:length(r)
+ gray_noise_salt(r(i),c(i)) = 255;
+ end
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_salt,'Noisy Image');
+title('Image with Salt Noise');
+m=3;n=3;Q=-1.5;
+[f]=Contra_Harmonic_mean(gray_noise_salt,m,n,Q);
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Contra Harmonic Mean Filter[ Q=-1.5 ]');
+
+
+////////////////////////////// Contra_Harmonic Mean Filter (Pepper) ////////////////////
+temp(1:M,1:N)=0.5;
+r3=imnoise(temp,'salt & pepper',0.05); //Generate salt & pepper Noise
+gray_noise_pepper=gray; // Add pepper Noise Only
+[r c]=find(r3==0); //Find pepper Noise Only
+ for i=1:length(r)
+ gray_noise_pepper(r(i),c(i)) = 0;
+ end
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_pepper,'Noisy Image');
+title('Image with pepper Noise');
+m=3;n=3;Q=-1.5;
+[f]=Contra_Harmonic_mean(gray_noise_pepper,m,n,Q);
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Contra Harmonic Mean Filter[ Q=-1.5 ]');
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Contra_Harmonic Mean Filter (Salt) ////////////////////
+temp(1:M,1:N)=0.5;
+r3=imnoise(temp,'salt & pepper',0.1); //Generate salt & pepper Noise
+gray_noise_salt=gray; //Add salt Noise Only
+[r c]=find(r3==1);
+ for i=1:length(r)
+ gray_noise_salt(r(i),c(i)) = 255;
+ end
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_salt,'Noisy Image');
+title('Image with Salt Noise');
+m=3;n=3;Q=1.5;
+[f]=Contra_Harmonic_mean(gray_noise_salt,m,n,Q);
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Contra Harmonic Mean Filter[ Q=1.5 ]');
diff --git a/3176/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce b/3176/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6d8c27f00 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH5/EX5.3/Ex5_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,216 @@ +//Ex5_3
+// Illustration of Order Statistic filter
+//To impliment the Following Order Statistic Restoration filter
+// (I)Median (II)MAX (III)MIN (IV)Mid Point (V)Alpha trimmed.
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function [f]=arithmetic_mean(v,m,n)
+ w=fspecial('average',m);
+ f=imfilter(v,w);
+endfunction
+
+function [f]=geometric_mean1(g,m,n);//gmean1() is used to filter an image using Geometric mean filter
+ size1=m;
+ q=m*n;
+ g=double(g);
+ [nr,nc]=size(g);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=g(1:$,1:$)
+ temp=temp+1;
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ temp2(i,j)=prod(t);
+ end
+ end
+ temp3=temp2.^(1/q);
+ nn=temp3(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)
+ f1=nn-1;
+ f=mat2gray(f1)
+endfunction
+
+function [f]=restoration_filter(v,type,m,n,Q,d)
+ if argn(2) ==2 then
+ m=7;n=7;Q=1.5;d=10;
+ elseif argn(2)==5 then
+ Q=parameter;d=parameter;
+ elseif argn(2)==4 then
+ Q=1.5;d=2;
+ else
+ disp('wrong number of inputs');
+ end
+
+ select type
+
+ case'median'then
+ f=MedianFilter(v,[m n]);
+
+ case'MIN'then
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(v);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ y=gsort(t);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=min(y);
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2);
+
+ case'MAX'then
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(v);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ y=gsort(t);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=max(y);
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2);
+
+ case'Mid_Point'then
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(v);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ y=gsort(t);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=0.5*(min(y)+max(y));
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2);
+
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+function [f]=alphatrim(g,m,n,d)//alphatrim()is used to filter an image using alpha-trimmed mean filter
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(g);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=g(1:$,1:$)
+
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2))
+ y=gsort(t);
+ a=y(:)
+ b=a';
+ t1=b(1+d/2:$-d/2);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=mean(t1);
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2)
+endfunction
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////
+
+gray=imread("Ex5_3.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+//gray=im2double(gray);
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Median Filter ////////////////////
+v=imnoise(gray,'salt & pepper',0.1);
+figure,ShowImage(v,'Noisy Image');
+title('Original Image with Salt & Pepper Noise');
+//Filtering the corrupted image with median filter
+h=restoration_filter(v,'median',3,3);
+figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Median Filter');
+//Filtering the corrupted image with median filter
+h1=restoration_filter(h,'median',3,3);
+figure,ShowImage(h1,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Median Filter');
+//Filtering the corrupted image with median filter
+h2=restoration_filter(h1,'median',3,3);
+figure,ShowImage(h2,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Median Filter');
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// MAX Filter ////////////////////
+temp(1:M,1:N)=0.5;
+r3=imnoise(temp,'salt & pepper',0.1); // Generate salt & pepper Noise
+gray_noise_pepper=gray; // Add Pepper Noise Only
+[r c]=find(r3==0);
+ for i=1:length(r)
+ gray_noise_pepper(r(i),c(i)) = 0;
+ end
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_pepper,'Noisy Image');
+title('Noisy Image with Pepper Noise');
+
+//Filtering the Salt Noise corrupted image with MAX filter
+h=restoration_filter(gray_noise_pepper,'MAX',3,3);
+figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with MAX Filter');
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////// MIN Filter ////////////////////
+temp(1:M,1:N)=0.5;
+r3=imnoise(temp,'salt & pepper',0.1); // Generate salt & pepper Noise
+gray_noise_salt=gray; // Add salt Noise Only
+[r c]=find(r3==1);
+ for i=1:length(r)
+ gray_noise_salt(r(i),c(i)) = 255;
+ end
+figure,ShowImage(gray_noise_salt,'Noisy Image');
+title('Noisy Image');
+
+//Filtering the Salt Noise corrupted image with MIN filter
+h=restoration_filter(gray_noise_salt,'MIN',3,3);
+figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with MIN Filter');
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////// Mid-Point Filter ////////////////////
+//v=imnoise(gray,'gaussian',0,0.02);
+//figure,ShowImage(v,'Noisy Image');
+//title('Image with Gaussian Noise');
+////Filtering the Salt Noise corrupted image with Mid-Point filter
+//h=restoration_filter(v,'Mid_Point',3,3);
+//figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
+//title('Recovered Image with Mid_Point Filter');
+
+
+///////////////////////////////// Alpha Trimmed Filter ////////////////////
+v=imnoise(gray,'gaussian',0,0.02);
+v=imnoise(v,'salt & pepper',0.05);
+figure,ShowImage(v,'Noisy Image');
+title('Image with Gaussian and Salt&Pepper Noise');
+m=5;n=5;d=5;
+[f]=arithmetic_mean(v,m,n); // Filtering with Arithmetical mean
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Arithmetical Mean Filter');
+[f]=geometric_mean1(v,m,n); // Filtering with Geometric mean
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Geometric Mean Filter');
+//Filtering the corrupted image with median filter
+h=restoration_filter(v,'median',5,5); // Filtering with median Filtering
+figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Median Filter');
+f=alphatrim(v,m,n,d); // Filtering with alphatrim Filtering
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Recovered Image with Alpha Trimmed Filter');
+
diff --git a/3176/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce b/3176/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca1fde8d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH5/EX5.4/Ex5_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,89 @@ +//Ex5_4
+//Illustration of Adaptive Local Noise Reduction Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+xdel(winsid());
+
+///////////////// Function File /////////////////////
+function [f]=arithmetic_mean(v,m,n)
+ w=fspecial('average',m);
+ f=imfilter(v,w);
+endfunction
+
+function [f]=geometric_mean1(g,m,n);//gmean1() is used to filter an image using Geometric mean filter
+ size1=m;
+ q=m*n;
+ g=double(g);
+ [nr,nc]=size(g);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=g(1:$,1:$)
+ temp=temp+1;
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ temp2(i,j)=prod(t);
+ end
+ end
+ temp3=temp2.^(1/q);
+ nn=temp3(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)
+ f1=nn-1;
+ f=mat2gray(f1)
+endfunction
+
+
+///////////////// Main Programm /////////////////////
+A=imread("Ex5_4.tif");
+B = imnoise(A,'gaussian',0,0.01);
+[rw1 ,cl1]=size(B);
+figure;
+ShowImage(B,'Gaussian noise added');
+title('Image with gaussian noise','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+///////////////////////////////////// Arithmetical Mean Filter ////////////////////
+m=7;n=7;
+[f]=arithmetic_mean(B,m,n);
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Restored Image with Arithmetical Mean Filter','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+///////////////////////////////////// Geometric Mean Filter ////////////////////
+m=7;n=7;
+[f]=geometric_mean1(B,m,n);
+figure,ShowImage(f,'Recovered Image');
+title('Restored Image with Geometric Mean Filter','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
+////////////////////Adaptive Local Noise Reduction///////////////////////
+B= double(B);
+M=7;
+N=7;
+lvar=zeros([rw1-M+1,cl1-N+1]);
+lmean=zeros([rw1-M+1,cl1-N+1]);
+temp=zeros([rw1-M+1,cl1-N+1]);
+F=zeros([rw1-M+1,cl1-N+1]);
+sz=(rw1-M+1)*(cl1-N+1);
+for i=1:rw1-M+1
+ for j=1:cl1-N+1
+ temp=B(i:i+(M-1),j:j+(N-1));
+ lmean(i,j)=mean(temp);
+ lvar(i,j)=mean(temp.*temp)-mean(temp).^2;
+ end
+end
+nvar=sum(lvar)/sz;
+lvar=max(lvar,nvar);
+C=B(M/2:rw1-M/2,N/2:cl1-N/2);
+F=nvar./lvar;
+F=F.*(C-lmean);
+F=C-F;
+F=uint8(F);
+figure;
+ShowImage(F,'Restored');
+title('Restored Image using Adaptive Local filter','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce b/3176/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f29163642 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH5/EX5.5/Ex5_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +//Ex5_5
+// Illustration of Adaptive Median Filter
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+clear;
+close;
+xdel(winsid());
+A=imread("Ex5_5.tif");
+A=imresize(A,[256 256]);
+A=imnoise(A,'salt & pepper',0.25); // Add Sali & Pepper Noise
+figure,ShowImage(A,'Salt & pepper Image');
+title('Image with Salt & pepper noise (Density = 0.25)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+figure,ShowImage(MedianFilter(A,[7 7]),'Median filter with mask 7x7');
+title('Restored Image using Median filter with 7*7 Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+///////////////// Adaptive Median Filter /////////////////////////
+[r c]=size(A);
+n=7 // Maximum Window size
+a=(n-1)/2;
+C=zeros(r-2*a,c-2*a);
+for i=a+1:(r-a)
+ for j=a+1:(c-a)
+ for b=3:2:7
+ d=(b-1)/2
+ x=A(i,j);
+ p=imcrop(A,[i-d j-d b b]) // Crop the Sub Image form Original Iamge
+ med=median(p); // To Find Median Value
+ maxx=max(p); // To Find Max Value
+ minn=min(p); // To Find Min Value
+ if (med>minn & med<maxx) then
+ if(x>minn & x<minn) then
+ C(j-a+1,i-a+1)=x;
+ clear p;
+ break;
+ else
+ C(j-a+1,i-a+1)=med;
+ clear p;
+ break;
+ end
+ elseif b<7 then
+ continue;
+ else
+ C(j-a+1,i-a+1)=med;
+ clear p;
+ break;
+ end
+ end
+end
+end
+figure;ShowImage(C,'Adaptive Median filter Image using code');
+title('Restored Image using Adaptive Median filter','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce b/3176/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..db4e987db --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH5/EX5.8/Ex5_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,65 @@ +//Ex5_8
+//Removal of Periodic Noise by Notch Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function[H]=notchfilter(M,N,W)//notchfilter is used to filter an image .
+ H=ones(M,N);
+ H(1:ceil(M/2-10),ceil(N/2-W/2):ceil(N/2+W/2))=0;
+ H(ceil(M/2+10):M,ceil(N/2-W/2):ceil(N/2+W/2))=0;
+
+endfunction
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////////////////
+a=imread("Ex5_8.tif");
+//gray=rgb2gray(a);
+gray=im2double(imresize(a,0.5));
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+h=fft2(gray);//fft2() is used to find 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform of an matrix
+i=log(1+abs(h));
+in=fftshift(i);//fftshift() is used to rearrange the fft output, moving the zero frequency to the center of the spectrum.
+inm=mat2gray(in)
+figure,ShowImage(inm,'Frequency Spectrum');
+title('Frequency Spectrum');
+
+filt=notchfilter(M,N,3); // User Define Function which generate Filter Mask Corresponding to Low Frequency
+filt_pass=1-filt;
+//filt_shift=fftshift(filt);
+figure,ShowImage(filt,'Filter Mask');
+title('Filter Mask (Band stop) to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+
+n=filt.*fftshift(h);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image with Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+
+
+figure,ShowImage(filt_pass,'Filter Mask');
+title('Filter Mask (Band Pass) to Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+
+n=filt_pass.*fftshift(h);//Multiply the Original Spectrum with the Filter Mask.
+Image_filter=real(ifft(fftshift(n)));
+Image_filter=mat2gray(Image_filter)
+figure,ShowImage(Image_filter,'Filtered Image');
+title('Filtered Image (Noise Pattern) with Specific Cut-Off Frequency');
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e7eb72787 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.10/Ex6_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ +//Ex6_10 :
+//Color Balancing.
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+////////////////// Tonal Correction for the Flat Image ////////////////////////
+Color=imread("Ex6_10.tif");
+Color=imresize(Color,0.25);
+[nr nc]=size(Color);
+figure,ShowColorImage(Color,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+C=255-Color(:,:,1);
+M=255-Color(:,:,2);
+Y=255-Color(:,:,3);
+///////////////////// Color Balance Correction in Cyan Component //////////////////////
+D=0:1/256:1;
+H1=1*D^2.5; // Transfer Function (Design from the Gamma Funcetion).
+H2=1*D^0.5; // Transfer Function (Design from the Gamma Funcetion).
+figure,subplot(211),plot(H1);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Magnitude');
+title('HSI Intensity Transformation Function(Heavy in Cyan)');
+subplot(212),plot(H2);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Magnitude');
+title('HSI Intensity Transformation Function (Weak in Cyan)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+C_Modify=[];
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ C_Modify1(i,j,1)=H1(uint16(C(i,j,1))+1);
+ C_Modify2(i,j,1)=H2(uint16(C(i,j,1))+1);
+ end
+end
+Balance_Image1(:,:,1)=C_Modify1;
+Balance_Image1(:,:,2)=M;
+Balance_Image1(:,:,3)=Y;
+figure,ShowColorImage(Balance_Image1,'RGB Image');
+title('Color Balanced image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Balance_Image2(:,:,1)=C_Modify2;
+Balance_Image2(:,:,2)=M;
+Balance_Image2(:,:,3)=Y;
+figure,ShowColorImage(Balance_Image2,'RGB Image');
+title('Color Balanced image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+///////////////////// Color Balance Correction in Megenta Component //////////////////////
+D=0:1/256:1;
+H1=1*D^2.5; // Transfer Function (Design from the Gamma Funcetion).
+H2=1*D^0.5; // Transfer Function (Design from the Gamma Funcetion).
+figure,subplot(211),plot(H1);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Magnitude');
+title('HSI Intensity Transformation Function(Heavy in Megenta)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+subplot(212),plot(H2);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Magnitude');
+title('HSI Intensity Transformation Function (Weak in Megenta)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ Y_Modify1(i,j,1)=H1(uint16(Y(i,j,1))+1);
+ Y_Modify2(i,j,1)=H2(uint16(Y(i,j,1))+1);
+ end
+end
+Balance_Image1(:,:,1)=255-C;
+Balance_Image1(:,:,2)=255-M;
+Balance_Image1(:,:,3)=255-Y_Modify1;
+figure,ShowColorImage(Balance_Image1,'RGB Image');
+title('Color Balanced image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Balance_Image2(:,:,1)=255-C;
+Balance_Image2(:,:,2)=255-M;
+Balance_Image2(:,:,3)=255-Y_Modify2;
+figure,ShowColorImage(Balance_Image2,'RGB Image');
+title('Color Balanced image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+///////////////////// Color Balance Correction in Yellow Component //////////////////////
+D=0:1/256:1;
+H1=1*D^2.5; // Transfer Function (Design from the Gamma Funcetion).
+H2=1*D^0.5; // Transfer Function (Design from the Gamma Funcetion).
+figure,subplot(211),plot(H1);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Magnitude');
+title('HSI Intensity Transformation Function(Heavy in Yellow)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+subplot(212),plot(H2);
+xlabel('Intensity');
+ylabel('Magnitude');
+title('HSI Intensity Transformation Function (Weak in Yellow)','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ M_Modify1(i,j,1)=H1(uint16(M(i,j,1))+1);
+ M_Modify2(i,j,1)=H2(uint16(M(i,j,1))+1);
+ end
+end
+Balance_Image1(:,:,1)=255-C;
+Balance_Image1(:,:,2)=255-M_Modify1;
+Balance_Image1(:,:,3)=255-Y;
+figure,ShowColorImage(Balance_Image1,'RGB Image');
+title('Color Balanced image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Balance_Image2(:,:,1)=255-C;
+Balance_Image2(:,:,2)=255-M_Modify2;
+Balance_Image2(:,:,3)=255-Y;
+figure,ShowColorImage(Balance_Image2,'RGB Image');
+title('Color Balanced image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..f3c6f4cc0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.11/Ex6_11.sce @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +//Ex6_11 :
+//Histogram Equalization in the HSI Color Space
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+////////////////// Tonal Correction for the Flat Image ////////////////////////
+Color=imread("Ex6_11.tif");
+Color=imresize(Color,0.5);
+[nr nc]=size(Color);
+figure,ShowColorImage(Color,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+HSI=rgb2hsv(Color);
+figure,ShowImage(HSI(:,:,3),'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+[count cell]=imhist(HSI(:,:,3));
+figure,bar(cell,count,0.2);
+
+[P Q]=size(Color);
+r=cell'; // Transpose of matrix
+nk=round(count)'; // Transpose of matrix
+M=sum(nk);
+probeblity_r=nk/M; // Probablity calculation
+for i=1:length(r)
+ sum_1=0;
+ for j=1:i
+ sum_1=sum_1+probeblity_r(j);
+ end
+ s(i)=max(r)*sum_1;
+end
+s=round(s); // Rounding Approach
+disp(s);
+[nr nc]=size(s);
+temp=s'; // Transpose of matrix
+for i=1:P // Intensity Replacement in Original Image
+ for j=1:Q
+ b(i,j)=temp(double(HSI(i,j,3))+1);
+ end
+end
+HSI(:,:,3)=b(:,:);
+Color1=hsv2rgb(HSI);
+figure,ShowColorImage(Color1,'histogram Equlized Image');
+title('histogram Equlized Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aa60238f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.12/Ex6_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +//Ex6_12
+//Color Image Smoothning by Neighbourhood Averaging.
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+rgb=imread("Ex6_12.tif");
+[nr nc]=size(rgb2gray(rgb)); // find the size of image
+
+figure,ShowColorImage(rgb,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+R=rgb(:,:,1);//Separation of red component from image
+figure,ShowImage(R,'Red component separation from original image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Red component separation from original image','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+G=rgb(:,:,2);//Separation of green component from image
+figure,ShowImage(G,'Green comonent separation from original image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Green component separation from original image','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+B=rgb(:,:,3);//Separation of blue component from image
+figure,ShowImage(B,'Blue component separation from original image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Blue component separation from original image','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+
+HSI=rgb2hsv(rgb);
+H=HSI(:,:,1);//Separation of Hue component from image
+figure,ShowImage(H,'Red component separation from original image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Red component separation from original image','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+S=HSI(:,:,2);//Separation of Saturation component from image
+figure,ShowImage(S,'Green comonent separation from original image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Green component separation from original image','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+I=HSI(:,:,3);//Separation of Intensity component from image
+figure,ShowImage(I,'Blue component separation from original image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Blue component separation from original image','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+
+mask=fspecial('average',5);
+Filtered_Image1=imfilter(rgb,mask);
+figure,ShowColorImage(Filtered_Image1,'Average Color image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('RGB image after Smoothing [5*5]','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+
+
+HSI(:,:,3)=imfilter(I,mask);
+Filtered_Image2=hsv2rgb(HSI);
+figure,ShowColorImage(Filtered_Image2,'Average Color image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('RGB image after Smoothing Intensity Component [5*5]','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+gray1=im2double(rgb2gray(Filtered_Image1));
+gray2=rgb2gray(Filtered_Image2);
+difference=gray1-gray2;
+//difference=imsubtract(rgb2gray(Filtered_Image1),rgb2gray(Filtered_Image2));
+//difference=im2double(Filtered_Image1)-Filtered_Image2;
+figure,ShowImage(difference,'Difference Color image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Image after Subtraction','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c49f9a0cb --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.13/Ex6_13.sce @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +//Ex6_13
+//Sharpning with the Laplacian
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+rgb=imread("Ex6_13.tif");
+[nr nc]=size(rgb2gray(rgb)); // find the size of image
+//figure,ShowColorImage(rgb,'Gray Image');
+//title('Original Image');
+
+R=rgb(:,:,1);//Separation of red component from image
+G=rgb(:,:,2);//Separation of green component from image
+B=rgb(:,:,3);//Separation of blue component from image
+mask=fspecial('laplacian'); // Generate laplacian mask
+Filtered_Image1(:,:,1)=imfilter(R,mask);
+Filtered_Image1(:,:,2)=imfilter(G,mask);
+Filtered_Image1(:,:,3)=imfilter(B,mask);
+figure,ShowColorImage(Filtered_Image1,'Average Color image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('RGB image after Sharpning','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+
+HSI=rgb2hsv(rgb);
+H=HSI(:,:,1);//Separation of Hue component from image
+S=HSI(:,:,2);//Separation of Saturation component from image
+I=HSI(:,:,3);//Separation of Intensity component from image
+HSI(:,:,3)=imfilter(I,mask);
+Filtered_Image2=hsv2rgb(HSI); // Convert HSI to RGB Image
+figure,ShowColorImage(Filtered_Image2,'Average Color image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('RGB image after Sharpning Intensity Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+gray1=im2double(rgb2gray(Filtered_Image1));
+gray2=rgb2gray(Filtered_Image2);
+difference=gray1-gray2; // Difference Image
+figure,ShowImage(difference,'Difference Color image');//ShowColorImage() is used to show color image, figure is command to view images in separate window.
+title('Image after Subtraction','color','blue','fontsize',4);//title() is used for providing a title to an image.
+
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..48ae00ef9 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.14/Ex6_14.sce @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +//Ex6_14
+//Segmentation in HSI Space
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+rgb=imread("Ex6_14.tif");
+[nr nc]=size(rgb2gray(rgb)); // find the size of image
+//figure,ShowColorImage(rgb,'Gray Image');
+//title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+//
+HSI=rgb2hsv(rgb);
+H=HSI(:,:,1);//Separation of Hue component from image
+figure,ShowImage(H,'Gray Image');
+title('Hue Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+S=HSI(:,:,2);//Separation of Saturation component from image
+figure,ShowImage(S,'Saturation Component');
+title('Saturation Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+I=HSI(:,:,3);//Separation of Intensity component from image
+figure,ShowImage(I,'Intensity Component');
+title('Intensity Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+S_Max=max(S); // Calculate Maximum Value
+thresh=0.35;
+S_threshold=im2bw(S,thresh); // used for Binarization
+//S_threshold = imcomplement(S_threshold)
+figure,ShowImage(S_threshold,'Binary Image');
+title('Binary Saturation Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+temp=H.*S_threshold;
+figure,ShowImage(temp,'Binary Image');
+title('Binary Saturation Mask with Multiplication','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+[count cell]=imhist(temp);
+figure,bar(cell,count,0.2);
+title('Histogram','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+thresh=0.9;
+temp_threshold=im2bw(temp,thresh);
+figure,ShowImage(temp_threshold,'Binary Image');
+title('Segmentation of Red Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ebae21bf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.16/Ex6_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Ex6_16
+//Edge Detection Vector Space
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+rgb=imread("Ex6_16.tif");
+[nr nc]=size(rgb2gray(rgb)); // find the size of image
+figure,ShowColorImage(rgb,'Color Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+R=rgb(:,:,1); //Separation of red component from image
+G=rgb(:,:,2); //Separation of green component from image
+B=rgb(:,:,3); //Separation of blue component from image
+
+Image_Edge=edge(R,'canny',0.18); // Gradient Computation by Canny
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Edge,'Edge Image');
+title('Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Image_Edge=edge(G,'canny',0.17); // Gradient Computation by Canny
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Edge,'Edge Image');
+title('Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Image_Edge=edge(B,'canny',0.19); // Gradient Computation by Canny
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Edge,'Edge Image');
+title('Gradient Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..33d0f8c7b --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.17/Ex6_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +//Ex6_17
+//Illustration of the effects of converting noisy RGB Images to HSI
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+R=rgb2gray(imread("Ex6_17_R.tif"));
+G=rgb2gray(imread("Ex6_17_G.tif"));
+B=rgb2gray(imread("Ex6_17_B.tif"));
+
+figure,ShowImage(R,'Red Component');
+title('Red Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+figure,ShowImage(G,'Green Component');
+title('Green Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+figure,ShowImage(B,'Blue Component');
+title('Blue Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+rgb(:,:,1)=R; //Merging of Red component from image
+rgb(:,:,2)=G; //Merging of Green component from image
+rgb(:,:,3)=B; //Merging of Blue component from image
+
+figure,ShowColorImage(rgb,'Color Image');
+title('Color Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+HSI=rgb2hsv(rgb);
+figure,ShowImage(HSI(:,:,1),'Hue Image');
+title('Hue Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+figure,ShowImage(HSI(:,:,2),'Saturation Image');
+title('Saturation Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+figure,ShowImage(HSI(:,:,3),'Intensity Image');
+title('Intensity Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+G=imnoise(G,'salt & pepper',0.05);
+rgb(:,:,2)=G; //Merging of Green component from image
+figure,ShowColorImage(rgb,'Color Image');
+title('Color Image with Salt & Pepper Niose in Green Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+HSI=rgb2hsv(rgb);
+figure,ShowImage(HSI(:,:,1),'Hue Image');
+title('Hue Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+figure,ShowImage(HSI(:,:,2),'Saturation Image');
+title('Saturation Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+figure,ShowImage(HSI(:,:,3),'Intensity Image');
+title('Intensity Component','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..52249c7ef --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.3/Ex6_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +//Ex6_3 :
+//Intensity Slicing
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=imread("Ex6_3.tif");
+[nr nc]=size(gray);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+min_image=min(gray); // Find Minimum Intensity value
+max_image=max(gray); // Find Maximum Intensity value
+
+color_RED=[0 255 0 0 0 255 255 255]; // RED Component Value of the Pseudo Color
+color_GREEN=[0 0 0 255 255 255 0 255]; // GREEN Component Value of the Pseudo Color
+color_BLUE=[0 255 255 255 0 0 0 255]; // BLUE Component Value of the Pseudo Color
+k=8;
+Slice_Image=[];
+for y=1:k // Decide Total No. of Level
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ if(gray(i,j)>=((max_image/k)*(y-1)) & gray(i,j)<((max_image/k)*y))
+ Slice_Image(i,j,1)=color_RED(y);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,2)=color_GREEN(y);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,3)=color_BLUE(y);
+ end
+ end
+end
+end
+imshow(Slice_Image);//,'Intensity Slicing');
+//title('Image After Intensity Slicing');
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1fb544773 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.4/Ex6_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +//Ex6_4 :
+//Use of Color to Highlight Rainfall Levels
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray=imread("Ex6_4.tif");
+gray=imresize(gray,0.25);
+[nr nc]=size(gray);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+min_image=min(gray); // Find Minimum Intensity value
+max_image=max(gray); // Find Maximum Intensity value
+
+color_RED=[0 255 0 0 0 255 255 255]; // RED Component Value of the Pseudo Color
+color_GREEN=[0 0 0 255 255 255 0 255]; // GREEN Component Value of the Pseudo Color
+color_BLUE=[0 255 255 255 0 0 0 255]; // BLUE Component Value of the Pseudo Color
+k=8;
+Slice_Image=[];
+for y=1:k // Decide Total No. of Level
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ if(gray(i,j)>=((max_image/k)*(y-1)) & gray(i,j)<((max_image/k)*y))
+ Slice_Image(i,j,1)=color_RED(y);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,2)=color_GREEN(y);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,3)=color_BLUE(y);
+ end
+ end
+end
+end
+imshow(Slice_Image);//,'Intensity Slicing');
+//title('Image After Intensity Slicing');
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e177b6b95 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.5/Ex6_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +//Ex6_5 :
+//Use of Psedocolor for highlighting Exposives Contained in Luggage.
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+theta=0:450
+RED=abs(255*sind(theta));
+GREEN=abs(255*sind(theta-40));
+BLUE=abs(255*sind(theta-80));
+figure;
+subplot(311),plot(theta,RED);
+title('RED Intensity Transformation');
+subplot(312),plot(theta,GREEN);
+title('GREEN Intensity Transformation');
+subplot(313),plot(theta,BLUE);
+title('BLUE Intensity Transformation');
+
+gray=rgb2gray(imread("Ex6_5.png"));
+//gray=imresize(gray,0.25);
+[nr nc]=size(gray);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+//min_image=min(gray); // Find Minimum Intensity value
+//max_image=max(gray); // Find Maximum Intensity value
+//
+//color_RED=[0 255 0 0 0 255 255 255]; // RED Component Value of the Pseudo Color
+//color_GREEN=[0 0 0 255 255 255 0 255]; // GREEN Component Value of the Pseudo Color
+//color_BLUE=[0 255 255 255 0 0 0 255]; // BLUE Component Value of the Pseudo Color
+//k=8;
+Slice_Image=[];
+//for y=1:k // Decide Total No. of Level
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ Slice_Image(i,j,1)=RED(gray(i,j));
+ Slice_Image(i,j,2)=GREEN(gray(i,j));
+ Slice_Image(i,j,3)=BLUE(gray(i,j));
+ end
+end
+//end
+imshow(Slice_Image);//,'Intensity Slicing');
+//title('Image After Intensity Slicing');
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..851ca7c89 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.6/Ex6_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +//Ex6_6 :
+//Color Coding of Multi Spectral Images.
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+gray1=imresize(imread("Ex6_6_1.tif"),0.5);
+gray2=imresize(imread("Ex6_6_2.tif"),0.5);
+gray3=imresize(imread("Ex6_6_3.tif"),0.5);
+gray4=imresize(imread("Ex6_6_4.tif"),0.5);
+
+figure,ShowImage(gray1,'Gray Image');
+title('Visible RED Band Component');
+figure,ShowImage(gray2,'Gray Image');
+title('Visible GREEN Band Component');
+figure,ShowImage(gray3,'Gray Image');
+title('Visible BLUE Band Component');
+figure,ShowImage(gray4,'Gray Image');
+title('Near Infrared Band Image');
+
+temp(:,:,1)=gray1; //Visible RED Band Component
+temp(:,:,2)=gray2; //Visible GREEN Band Component
+temp(:,:,3)=gray3; //Visible BLUE Band Component
+figure,ShowColorImage(temp,'Color Image');
+title('Color Composite Image');
+
+temp1(:,:,1)=gray4; //Near Infrared Band Component
+temp1(:,:,2)=gray2; //Visible GREEN Band Component
+temp1(:,:,3)=gray3; //Visible BLUE Band Component
+figure,ShowColorImage(temp1,'Color Image');
+title('Color Composite Image');
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3ddf5f862 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.7/Ex6_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Ex6_7 :
+//Computing Color Image Components.
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+Color=imread("Ex6_7.tif");
+Color=imresize(Color,0.5);
+[nr nc]=size(Color);
+
+figure,ShowColorImage(Color,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+
+
+Slice_Image=[];
+
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ Slice_Image(i,j,1)=255-Color(i,j,1);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,2)=255-Color(i,j,2);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,3)=255-Color(i,j,3);
+ end
+end
+
+ShowColorImage(Slice_Image,'RGB Image');;
+title('RGB Mapped image');
diff --git a/3176/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce b/3176/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d02619162 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH6/EX6.9/Ex6_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,81 @@ +//Ex6_9 :
+//Tonal Transformations.
+
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+////////////////// Tonal Correction for the Flat Image ////////////////////////
+Color=imread("Ex6_9_1.tif");
+Color=imresize(Color,0.5);
+[nr nc]=size(Color);
+figure,ShowColorImage(Color,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+D=0:256;
+D0=155;// Cut-off Number
+n=2; // Order of Butter Wirth Approximation
+H1 = 1-ones(1,1)./(1+(D./D0).^(2*n)); // Transfer Function (Design from the Butterworth Approximation)
+figure,plot(H1);
+title('RGB Intensity Transformation Function');
+Slice_Image=[];
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ Slice_Image(i,j,1)=H1(uint16(Color(i,j,1))+1);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,2)=H1(uint16(Color(i,j,2))+1);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,3)=H1(uint16(Color(i,j,3))+1);
+ end
+end
+ShowColorImage(Slice_Image,'RGB Image');
+title('Tonal Corrected image');
+
+////////////////// Tonal Correction for the Light Image ////////////////////////
+Color=imread("Ex6_9_2.tif");
+Color=imresize(Color,0.5);
+[nr nc]=size(Color);
+figure,ShowColorImage(Color,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+D=0:1/256:1;
+H2=1*D^3.0; // Transfer Function (Design from the Gamma Funcetion).
+figure,plot(H2);
+title('RGB Intensity Transformation Function');
+Slice_Image=[];
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ Slice_Image(i,j,1)=H2(uint16(Color(i,j,1))+1);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,2)=H2(uint16(Color(i,j,2))+1);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,3)=H2(uint16(Color(i,j,3))+1);
+ end
+end
+ShowColorImage(Slice_Image,'RGB Image');
+title('Tonal Corrected image');
+
+////////////////// Tonal Correction for the Dark Image ////////////////////////
+Color=imread("Ex6_9_3.tif");
+Color=imresize(Color,0.5);
+[nr nc]=size(Color);
+figure,ShowColorImage(Color,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image');
+D=0:1/256:1;
+H3=1*D^0.35;
+figure,plot(H3);
+title('RGB Intensity Transformation Function');
+Slice_Image=[];
+for i=1:nr
+ for j=1:nc
+ Slice_Image(i,j,1)=H3(uint16(Color(i,j,1))+1);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,2)=H3(uint16(Color(i,j,2))+1);
+ Slice_Image(i,j,3)=H3(uint16(Color(i,j,3))+1);
+ end
+end
+ShowColorImage(Slice_Image,'RGB Image');
+title('Tonal Corrected image');
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce b/3176/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aabdf45d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH8/EX8.2/Ex8_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Ex8_2
+//Image Entropy Estimation
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+A=imread("Ex8_2.tif");
+
+figure,ShowImage(A,'Original Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[nr nc]=size(A);
+[Count Cell]=imhist(A);
+//figure,bar(Cell,Count);
+[r c]=find(Count>0);
+Probablity=Count(r)/(nr*nc); //Probablity Calculation
+//disp(Probablity);
+Intensity=Cell(r);
+//disp(Intensity);
+
+Sum=0;
+for i=1:length(r)
+ p=Probablity(i);
+ Sum=Sum+(-p*log2(p));
+end
+
+disp('Entropy')
+disp(Sum);
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce b/3176/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..15c74e707 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH9/EX9.1/Ex9_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +//Ex9_1
+//Using Erosion to remove image component
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+////////////////// Tonal Correction for the Flat Image ////////////////////////
+Image=imread("Ex9_1.tif");
+//Color=imresize(Color,0.25);
+[nr nc]=size(Image);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Gray Image');
+title('Binary Image of Wire Bond [486*486]','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+Mask=CreateStructureElement('square',11);
+Image_Eroide=ErodeImage(Image,Mask);
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Eroide,'Eriode Image');
+title('Eriode Image with 11*11 Square Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Mask=CreateStructureElement('square',15);
+Image_Eroide=ErodeImage(Image,Mask);
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Eroide,'Eriode Image');
+title('Eriode Image with 15*15 Square Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Mask=CreateStructureElement('square',45);
+Image_Eroide=ErodeImage(Image,Mask);
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Eroide,'Eriode Image');
+title('Eriode Image with 45*45 Square Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce b/3176/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5470db855 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH9/EX9.10/Ex9_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +//Ex9_10
+// Illustration of Gray Scale Opening and Closing
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function [f]=restoration_filter(v,type,m,n,Q,d)
+ if argn(2) ==2 then
+ m=7;n=7;Q=1.5;d=10;
+ elseif argn(2)==5 then
+ Q=parameter;d=parameter;
+ elseif argn(2)==4 then
+ Q=1.5;d=2;
+ else
+ disp('wrong number of inputs');
+ end
+
+ select type
+
+ case'median'then
+ f=MedianFilter(v,[m n]);
+
+ case'MIN'then
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(v);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ y=gsort(t);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=min(y);
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2);
+
+ case'MAX'then
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(v);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ y=gsort(t);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=max(y);
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2);
+
+ case'Mid_Point'then
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(v);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ y=gsort(t);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=0.5*(min(y)+max(y));
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2);
+
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+///////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////
+
+a=imread("Ex9_10.png");
+gray=rgb2gray(a);
+//gray=im2double(gray);
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original X-Ray Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+//////////////////////////// Gray Scale Opening ////////////////////
+h=restoration_filter(restoration_filter(gray,'MIN',3,3),'MAX',3,3);
+figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
+title('Opening using Flat Structureing Element','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////////// Gray Scale Closing ////////////////////
+h=restoration_filter(restoration_filter(gray,'MAX',3,3),'MIN',3,3);
+figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
+title('Closing using Flat Structureing Element','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce b/3176/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0547f2ae2 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH9/EX9.2/Ex9_2.sce @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ +//Ex9_2
+//An Illustration of Dilation
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+Image=imread("Ex9_2.tif");
+//Color=imresize(Color,0.25);
+[nr nc]=size(Image);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Gray Image');
+title('Original Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Mask.Width=3;
+Mask.Height=3;
+Mask.Data=[%F %T %F;%T %T %T;%F %T %F];
+
+//Mask=[0 1 0;1 1 1;0 1 0];
+Image_Eroide=ErodeImage(Image,Mask);
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Eroide,'Eriode Image');
+title('Eriode Image with 3*3 Square Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
diff --git a/3176/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce b/3176/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5863bddcb --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH9/EX9.4/Ex9_4.sce @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//Ex9_4
+//Use of opening and closing for Morphological Filtering
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+Color=imread("Ex9_4.png");
+Image=imresize(rgb2gray(Color),2,'bicubic');
+Image=im2bw(Image,0.75);
+[nr nc]=size(Image);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Gray Image');
+title('Noisy Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Mask=CreateStructureElement('square',3); // Create Structuring Element
+Image_Eroide=ErodeImage(Image,Mask); // Erosion Operation
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Eroide,'Eriode Image');
+title('Eriode Image with 3*3 Square Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Image_Open=OpenImage(Image,Mask); // Opening Operation
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Open,'Open Image');
+title('Opening Image with 3*3 Square Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Image_Dilate=DilateImage(Image_Open,Mask); // Dilusion of Open Image
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Dilate,'Dilate Image');
+title('Dilate Image with 3*3 Square Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Image_Close=CloseImage(Image_Dilate,Mask); // Opening Operation
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Close,'Closing Image');
+title('Closing Image with 3*3 Square Mask','color','blue','fontsize',4);
diff --git a/3176/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce b/3176/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..586c00b05 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH9/EX9.5/Ex9_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +//Ex9_5
+//Boundary Extraction by Morphological Processing
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+Color=imread("Ex9_5.png");
+Image=rgb2gray(Color);
+Image=im2bw(Image,0.75);
+[nr nc]=size(Image);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Binary Image');
+title('Binary Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Mask=CreateStructureElement('square',5); // Create Structuring Element
+Image_Eroide=ErodeImage(Image,Mask); // Erosion Operation
+Image_Boundray=Image-Image_Eroide;
+//Image_Open=OpenImage(Image,Mask); // Opening Operation
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Boundray,'Boundray Image');
+title('Boundray Image Extracted Image with Morphological Processing ','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
diff --git a/3176/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce b/3176/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1184f8d47 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH9/EX9.7/Ex9_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +//Ex9_7
+//Using Connected Components to Detect Foreign Object in Packaged Food
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+Color=imread("Ex9_7.png");
+Image=rgb2gray(Color);
+//Image=im2bw(Image,0.65);
+[nr nc]=size(Image);
+figure,ShowImage(Image,'Binary Image');
+title('Binary Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Image_Binary=im2bw(Image,0.825); // Binarization Process with Specific Threshold
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Binary,'Binary Image');
+title('Binary Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+Mask=CreateStructureElement('square',3); // Create Structuring Element
+Image_Eroide=ErodeImage(Image_Binary,Mask); // Erosion Operation
+figure,ShowImage(Image_Eroide,'Eroide Image');
+title('Eroide Image ','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+BlobImage=SearchBlobs(Image_Eroide); // Connected Component labelling
+IsCalculated = CreateFeatureStruct(%f); // Feature struct is generated.
+IsCalculated.PixelList = %t; // The bounding box shall be calculated for each blob.
+BlobStatistics = AnalyzeBlobs(BlobImage, IsCalculated);
+
+Blob_Total=max(BlobImage);
+Blob_Area=[];
+for i=1:Blob_Total
+ temp=size(BlobStatistics(i).PixelList);
+ Blob_Area=[Blob_Area temp(1)];
+end
+
+disp(Blob_Area',"Blob Area")
diff --git a/3176/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce b/3176/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b06975cc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/3176/CH9/EX9.9/Ex9_9.sce @@ -0,0 +1,98 @@ +//Ex9_9
+// Illustration of Gray Scale Erosion and Dilation
+// Version : Scilab 5.4.1
+// Operating System : Window-xp, Window-7
+//Toolbox: Image Processing Design 8.3.1-1
+//Toolbox: SIVP 0.5.3.1-2
+//Reference book name : Digital Image Processing
+//book author: Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods
+
+clc;
+close;
+clear;
+xdel(winsid())//to close all currently open figure(s).
+
+function [f]=restoration_filter(v,type,m,n,Q,d)
+ if argn(2) ==2 then
+ m=7;n=7;Q=1.5;d=10;
+ elseif argn(2)==5 then
+ Q=parameter;d=parameter;
+ elseif argn(2)==4 then
+ Q=1.5;d=2;
+ else
+ disp('wrong number of inputs');
+ end
+
+ select type
+
+ case'median'then
+ f=MedianFilter(v,[m n]);
+
+ case'MIN'then
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(v);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ y=gsort(t);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=min(y);
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2);
+
+ case'MAX'then
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(v);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ y=gsort(t);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=max(y);
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2);
+
+ case'Mid_Point'then
+ size1=m;
+ [nr,nc]=size(v);
+ temp=zeros(nr+2*floor(size1/2),nc+2*floor(size1/2));
+ temp(ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1,ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1)=v(1:$,1:$);
+ for i=ceil(size1/2):nr+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ for j=ceil(size1/2):nc+ceil(size1/2)-1
+ t=temp(i-floor(size1/2):1:i+floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2):1:j+floor(size1/2)) ;
+ y=gsort(t);
+ temp2(i-floor(size1/2),j-floor(size1/2))=0.5*(min(y)+max(y));
+ end
+ end
+ f=mat2gray(temp2);
+
+ else
+ disp('Unknownfiltertype.')
+ end
+endfunction
+
+///////////////////////////////////// Main Programm ////////////////////
+
+a=imread("Ex9_9.png");
+gray=rgb2gray(a);
+//gray=im2double(gray);
+figure,ShowImage(gray,'Gray Image');
+title('Original X-Ray Image','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+[M,N]=size(gray);
+
+//////////////////////////////////// MIN Filter ////////////////////
+h=restoration_filter(gray,'MIN',3,3);
+figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
+title('Erosion using Flat Structuring Element','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////// MAX Filter ////////////////////
+h=restoration_filter(gray,'MAX',3,3);
+figure,ShowImage(h,'Recovered Image');
+title('Dilation using Flat Structuring Element','color','blue','fontsize',4);
+
+
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