20 files changed, 153 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.1/Ex25_1.PNG b/2459/CH25/EX25.1/Ex25_1.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..871ebc732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.1/Ex25_1.PNG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.1/Ex25_1.sce b/2459/CH25/EX25.1/Ex25_1.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3508e03c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.1/Ex25_1.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//chapter25
+//example25.1
+//page543
+
+Ig=1d-3 // A
+
+S=1/Ig
+
+printf("sensitivity = %.3f ohm per volt \n",S)
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.2/Ex25_2.PNG b/2459/CH25/EX25.2/Ex25_2.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ca8bb2f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.2/Ex25_2.PNG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.2/Ex25_2.sce b/2459/CH25/EX25.2/Ex25_2.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..449d9ac2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.2/Ex25_2.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//chapter25
+//example25.2
+//page543
+
+S=1000 // ohm per volt
+V=50 // V
+R=50d3 // ohm
+
+R_meter=S*V
+
+R_equi=R*R_meter/(R+R_meter) //equivalent resistance of meter and given resistance across which meter is connected
+
+printf("ratio of circuit resistance before and after connecting multimeter = %.3f \n",R/R_equi)
+printf("Thus equivalent resistance is reduced to half. So current drawn is double \n")
+printf("Thus multimeter will give highly incorrect reading \n \n")
+printf("As a rule, multimeter resistance should be 100 times the resistance across \nwhich voltage is to be measured \n")
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.2/Figure25_2.JPG b/2459/CH25/EX25.2/Figure25_2.JPG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa2c4ec16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.2/Figure25_2.JPG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.3/Ex25_3.PNG b/2459/CH25/EX25.3/Ex25_3.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..907c68c16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.3/Ex25_3.PNG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.3/Ex25_3.sce b/2459/CH25/EX25.3/Ex25_3.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7dfefa420
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.3/Ex25_3.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//chapter25
+//example25.3
+//page544
+
+S=4 // kilo ohm per volt
+V_range=10 // V
+V=20 // V
+R=10 // kilo ohm
+
+R_meter=S*V_range
+R_equi=R+R*R_meter/(R+R_meter)
+I=V/R_equi
+V_reading=I*R*R_meter/(R+R_meter)
+
+printf("voltage read by multimeter = %.3f V \n",V_reading)
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.3/Figure25_3.JPG b/2459/CH25/EX25.3/Figure25_3.JPG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6f07fa30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.3/Figure25_3.JPG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.4/Ex25_4.PNG b/2459/CH25/EX25.4/Ex25_4.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6e841337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.4/Ex25_4.PNG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.4/Ex25_4.sce b/2459/CH25/EX25.4/Ex25_4.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e248d143f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.4/Ex25_4.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//chapter25
+//example25.4
+//page544
+
+S=20 // kilo ohm per volt
+V_range=10 // V
+V=20 // V
+R=10 // kilo ohm
+
+R_meter=S*V_range
+R_equi=R+R*R_meter/(R+R_meter)
+I=V/R_equi
+V_reading=I*R*R_meter/(R+R_meter)
+
+printf("voltage read by multimeter = %.3f V \n",V_reading)
+
+// answer in book is 9.88V but accurate answer is 9.756V 
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.5/Ex25_5.PNG b/2459/CH25/EX25.5/Ex25_5.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3ae71135
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.5/Ex25_5.PNG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.5/Ex25_5.sce b/2459/CH25/EX25.5/Ex25_5.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c525ff699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.5/Ex25_5.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//chapter25
+//example25.5
+//page545
+
+R1=20d3 // ohm
+R2=20d3 // ohm
+R3=30d3 // ohm
+R4=30d3 // ohm
+V=100 // V
+Rm=60d3 // ohm
+
+// case 1 : meter is not connected
+R=R1+R2+R3+R4
+I=V/R
+V_A=V
+V_B=V-I*R2
+V_C=V-I*(R1+R2)
+V_D=V-I*(R1+R2+R3)
+
+// case2 : meter is connected
+    // At A
+    V_A1=V
+    
+    // At B
+    R_total_B=R1+(Rm*(R2+R3+R4)/(Rm+R2+R3+R4))
+    I1=V/R_total_B
+    V_B1=I1*(Rm*(R2+R3+R4)/(Rm+R2+R3+R4))
+    
+    // At C
+    R_total_C=R1+R2+(Rm*(R3+R4)/(Rm+R3+R4))
+    I2=V/R_total_C
+    V_C1=V*(Rm*(R3+R4)/(Rm+R3+R4))/R_total_C
+    
+    // At D
+    R_total_D=R1+R2+R3+(Rm*R4/(Rm+R4))
+    I2=V/R_total_D
+    V_D1=V*(Rm*R4/(Rm+R4))/R_total_D
+    
+printf("CASE 1 : meter is not connected \n     Voltage at A = %.3f V \n     Volatge at B = %.3f V \n     Volatge at C = %.3f V \n     Volatge at D = %.3f V \n",V_A,V_B,V_C,V_D)
+printf("CASE 2 : meter is connected \n      At A then voltage at A = %.3f V",V_A1)
+printf("\n      At B then voltage at B = %.3f V",V_B1)
+printf("\n      At C then voltage at C = %.3f V",V_C1)
+printf("\n      At D then voltage at D = %.3f V \n \n",V_D1)
+    
+printf("resistance of voltmeter should be 100 times the resistance across \nwhich voltage is to be measured.Since this condition is not \nsatisfied here, readings are wrong. \n")    
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.6/Ex25_6.PNG b/2459/CH25/EX25.6/Ex25_6.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b6900af72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.6/Ex25_6.PNG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.6/Ex25_6.sce b/2459/CH25/EX25.6/Ex25_6.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03e969187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.6/Ex25_6.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//chapter25
+//example25.6
+//page552
+
+S=0.01 //mm per volt
+V=400 // V
+
+spot_shift=S*V
+
+printf("spot shift = %.3f mm \n",spot_shift)
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.7/Ex25_7.PNG b/2459/CH25/EX25.7/Ex25_7.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5cb9d79a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.7/Ex25_7.PNG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.7/Ex25_7.sce b/2459/CH25/EX25.7/Ex25_7.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73ae81a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.7/Ex25_7.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//chapter25
+//example25.7
+//page552
+
+S=0.03 // mm per volt
+spot_shift=3 // mm
+
+V=spot_shift/S // since spot shift = deflection sensitivity * applied voltage
+
+printf("applied voltage = %.3f V \n",V)
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.8/Ex25_8.PNG b/2459/CH25/EX25.8/Ex25_8.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84bde1dad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.8/Ex25_8.PNG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.8/Ex25_8.sce b/2459/CH25/EX25.8/Ex25_8.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bdc18155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.8/Ex25_8.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//chapter25
+//example25.8
+//page555
+
+V1=200 // V
+d1=2 // cm
+d2=3 // cm
+
+// since sensitivity = voltage / deflcetion we get
+S=V1/d1
+V2=S*d2
+
+printf("unknown voltage = %.3f V",V2)
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.9/Ex25_9.PNG b/2459/CH25/EX25.9/Ex25_9.PNG
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b247ebb91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.9/Ex25_9.PNG
diff --git a/2459/CH25/EX25.9/Ex25_9.sce b/2459/CH25/EX25.9/Ex25_9.sce
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..18d87afe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2459/CH25/EX25.9/Ex25_9.sce
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//chapter25
+//example25.9
+//page556
+
+fh=1000 // Hz
+
+// case (i) :- ratio of fv to fh = 1:1
+fv1=1*fh
+
+// case (ii) :- ratio = 2:1
+fv2=2*fh
+
+// case (iii) :- ratio = 6:1
+fv3=6*fh
+
+printf("for case1 i.e. fv/fh = 1/1, fv = %.3f Hz \n",fv1)
+printf("for case2 i.e. fv/fh = 2/1, fv = %.3f Hz \n",fv2)
+printf("for case3 i.e. fv/fh = 6/1, fv = %.3f Hz \n",fv3)