diff options
Diffstat (limited to '147/CH13')
30 files changed, 386 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.1/Example13_1.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.1/Example13_1.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9a313909e --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.1/Example13_1.sce @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +close();
+clear;
+clc;
+//number of turns 'N', leakage flux 'phi1', flux density in air gap 'Bg'
+N = 100;
+l1 = 0.40; //m
+l2 = l1/4;
+A1 = 10*10^(-4); //m^2
+A2 = A1/2;
+lg = 2*10^(-3); //m
+phi1 = 0.01 * 10^(-3); //Wb
+Bg = 0.6; //t
+uo = 4*%pi * 10^(-7);
+//for Bg corresponding value of
+Hg = Bg/uo; //A/m
+taug = Hg*lg;
+B1 = Bg;
+H1 = 100; //A/m
+tau1 = H1*(l1+l1);
+phig = Bg*A1;
+//total flux produced by coil 'phic'
+phic = phig+phi1;
+//flux density in l2 'B2'
+B2 = phic/A2; //T
+//for 'B2', corresponding 'H2'
+H2 = 410; //A/m
+tau2 = H2*l2;
+//total mmf 'tau'
+tau = taug + tau1 + tau2;
+I = tau/N; //A
+mprintf("Current I required = %0.2f A",I);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.1/Result13_1.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.1/Result13_1.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..763b85e33 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.1/Result13_1.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Current I required = 10.76 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.10/Example13_10.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.10/Example13_10.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..18c7983b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.10/Example13_10.sce @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +//Turn ratio a, Resistance of primary winding R1,Resistance of secondary winding R2
+//Primary leakage reactance X1, Secondary leakage reactance X2
+//Magnetizing reactance Xm, Resistance accounting for core loss Rc
+close();
+clear;
+clc;
+a = 5;
+R1 = 0.5;//ohm
+R2 = 0.021;
+X1 = 3.2;
+X2 = 0.12;
+Rc = 350;
+Xm = 98;
+//For circuit reffered to primary
+Rp = R1 + a^2*R2;
+Xp = X1 + a^2*X2;
+Rcp = Rc;
+Xmp = Xm;
+//For cicuit reffered to secondary
+Rs = R1/a^2 + R2;
+Xs = X1/a^2+X2;
+Rcs = Rc/a^2;
+Xms = Xm/a^2;
+mprintf('For circuit reffered to primary:\nR'' = %0.3f ohm\nX'' = %0.1f ohm\nR''c = %0.0f ohm\nX''m = %0.0f ohm\nFor circuit reffered to secondary:\nR'' = %0.3f ohm\nX'' = %0.3f ohm\nR''''c = %0.0f ohm\nX''''m = %0.2f ohm',Rp,Xp,Rcp,Xmp,Rs,Xs,Rcs,Xms);
diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.10/Result13_10.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.10/Result13_10.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..89bcae332 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.10/Result13_10.txt @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +For circuit reffered to primary:
+R' = 1.025 ohm
+X' = 6.2 ohm
+R'c = 350 ohm
+X'm = 98 ohm
+For circuit reffered to secondary:
+R' = 0.041 ohm
+X' = 0.248 ohm
+R''c = 14 ohm
+X''m = 3.92 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.12/Example13_12.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.12/Example13_12.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..687197178 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.12/Example13_12.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +//Rated Power Pr, Turn ratio a, Open cicuit Voltage, Current and Power Vo, Io and Po
+//Short cicuit Voltage, current and power Vs, Is and Ps
+close();
+clear;
+clc;
+Pr = 25000;//VA
+a = 2;
+Vo = 220;
+Io = 9.6;
+Po = 710;//W
+Vs = 42;
+Is = 57;
+Ps = 1030;
+Rc2 = Vo^2/Po;
+Ic2 = Vo/Po;
+Im2 = (Io^2-Ic2^2)^(1/2);
+Xm2 = Vo/Im2;
+Zs1 = Vs/Is;
+Rs1 = Ps/Is^2;
+Xs1 = (Zs1^2 - Rs1^2)^(1/2);
+Rs2 = Rs1/a^2;
+Xs2 = Xs1/a^2;
+mprintf('Values of cicuit constants are:\nRc2 = %0.1f ohm\nXm2 = %0.2f ohm\nRs2 = %0.3f ohm \nXs2 = %0.3f ohm',Rc2,Xm2,Rs2,Xs2);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.12/Result13_12.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.12/Result13_12.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5c28db495 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.12/Result13_12.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Values of cicuit constants are:
+Rc2 = 68.2 ohm
+Xm2 = 22.93 ohm
+Rs2 = 0.079 ohm
+Xs2 = 0.166 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.15/Example13_15.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.15/Example13_15.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5353e3d04 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.15/Example13_15.sce @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +close();
+clear;
+clc;
+//rated power 'Pr'
+Pr = 100*1000; //VA
+V1 = 11000; //V
+V2 = 2300; //V
+f = 60; //Hz
+
+//(a)
+//load on open-delta 'Pl'
+Pl = sqrt(3)*Pr; //VA
+mprintf("(a) Total load that can be supplied = %0.1f kVA\n\n",Pl/1000);
+//(b)
+Pr = 120*1000; //VA
+Iab = 1/3 * (Pr/V2);
+//from phasor diagram
+Ia = (sqrt(3)*Iab);
+//transformation ratio 'a'
+a = V1/V2;
+//current in V1 winding 'Iline'
+Iline = Ia/a; //A
+mprintf("(b) Line current on high-voltage side, Iline = %0.1f A",Iline);
diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.15/Result13_15.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.15/Result13_15.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..05fbe1f59 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.15/Result13_15.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +(a) Total load that can be supplied = 173.2 kVA
+
+(b) Line current on high-voltage side, Iline = 6.3 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.16/Example13_16.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.16/Example13_16.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..957097c38 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.16/Example13_16.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Transformer frequency fr, Source frequency fs
+close();
+clear;
+clc;
+Pr = 500;//VA
+ft = 25;//Hz
+fs = 60;
+V1 = 120;
+V2 = 30;
+//Maximum permissible primary voltage 'V1max'
+V1max = fs/ft*V1;
+V2r = fs/ft*V2;
+I2r = Pr/V2;
+mprintf('Maximum primary voltage = %0.0f V\nrated V2 = %0.0f V\nrated I2 = %0.2f A',V1max,V2r,I2r);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.16/Result13_16.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.16/Result13_16.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..68e41df9d --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.16/Result13_16.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Maximum primary voltage = 288 V
+rated V2 = 72 V
+rated I2 = 16.67 A
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.17/Example13_17.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.17/Example13_17.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a35d8c5ac --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.17/Example13_17.sce @@ -0,0 +1,29 @@ +close();
+clear;
+clc;
+//rated power 'P'
+P = 10000; //VA
+V1 = 2400;
+V2 = 240;
+//from open circuit test
+Vo = 240; //V
+Io = 0.8; //A
+Po = 80; //W
+//from short circuit test
+Vs = 80; //V
+Is = 5.1; //A
+Ps = 220; //W
+//converting all data into per unit values
+I1 = P/V1;
+I2 = P/V2;
+//in per unit , open circuit data are
+Vo = Vo/V2; //pu
+Io = Io/I2; //pu
+Po = Po/P; //pu
+//in per unit, short circuit data are
+Vs = Vs/V1; //pu
+Is = Is/I1; //pu
+Ps = Ps/P; //pu
+//equivalent resistance 'Rs'
+Rs = Ps/(Is^2); //pu
+mprintf("Series equivalent resistance in per unit, Rs = %0.4f pu",Rs);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.17/Result13_17.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.17/Result13_17.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..752c98bd3 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.17/Result13_17.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Series equivalent resistance in per unit, Rs = 0.0147 pu
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.18/Example13_18.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.18/Example13_18.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..dbcd46931 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.18/Example13_18.sce @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +//Rated Power Pr,Open cicuit Voltage, Current and Power Vo, Io and Po
+//Short cicuit Voltage, current and power Vs, Is and Ps
+close();
+clear;
+clc;
+Pr = 75000;
+V1 = 230;
+V2 = 115;
+Vs = 9.5;
+Is = 326;
+Ps = 1200;
+Vo = 115;//V
+Io = 16.3;//A
+Po = 750;//W
+Zs = Vs/Is;
+//Vs per unit 'Vsp'
+Vsp = Vs/V1;
+I1 = Pr/V1;
+Isp = Is/I1;
+Zsp = Vsp/Isp;
+Psp = Ps/Pr;
+Rsp = Psp/Isp^2;
+Xsp = (Zsp^2-Rsp^2)^(1/2);
+//For Pf= 0.8
+V2 = 1;
+Pf = 0.8;
+theta = -acos(Pf);
+V = 1;
+I = Isp*cos(theta)+Isp*sin(theta)*%i
+Z = Rsp + %i*Xsp;
+Vo = V + I*Z;
+Vor = polar(Vo);
+V_reg = (Vor-V2)/V2*100;
+nrated_load = Pr*Pf/(Pr*Pf+Po+Ps)*100;
+nhalf = (Pr/2)/(Pr/2+Po+Ps/4)*100;
+mprintf('Equivalent impedance in high voltage terms Zs = %0.3f ohm\nPer unit Zs = %0.4f pu\nVoltage regulation = %0.1f %%\nEfficiency at rated load = %0.2f %%\nEfficiency at half load = %0.2f %%',Zs,Zsp,V_reg,nrated_load,nhalf);
diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.18/Result13_18.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.18/Result13_18.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..81e1c3af1 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.18/Result13_18.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Equivalent impedance in high voltage terms Zs = 0.029 ohm
+Per unit Zs = 0.0413 pu
+Voltage regulation = 3.6 %
+Efficiency at rated load = 96.85 %
+Efficiency at half load = 97.28 %
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.20/Example13_20.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.20/Example13_20.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d79f36a79 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.20/Example13_20.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +//Input voltage Vin, Output voltage Vout, Output current Iout
+close();
+clear;
+clc;
+Vin = 220;//V
+V1 = Vin;
+Vout = 110;
+V2 = Vout;
+Iout = 10;//A
+I2 = Iout;
+a = V1/V2;
+//weight_auto/weight_trans = 'weightr'
+weightr = 1 - (2/a)/2;//since N1/N2 = I2/I1 = a
+mprintf('We have %0.0f %% saving in copper',weightr*100);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.20/Result13_20.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.20/Result13_20.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ddf768a2f --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.20/Result13_20.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +We have 50 % saving in copper
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.22/Example13_22.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.22/Example13_22.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d8009bf12 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.22/Example13_22.sce @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +//Rated Power Pr, Primary voltage V1, Secondary voltage V2
+//Resistance and reactance of primary winding R1 and X1
+//Resistance and reactance of secondary winding R12 and X2
+close();
+clear;
+clc;
+Pr = 5000;//VA
+V1 = 440;
+V2 = 220;
+R1 = 0.25;
+X1 = 0.75;
+R2 = 0.06;
+X2 = 0.25;
+a = V1/V2;
+//Resistance and reactance reffered to secondary winding 'Rs2' and 'Xs2'
+Rs2 = R2 + R1/a^2;
+Xs2 = X2 + X1/a^2;
+//Full load current 'I'
+I = Pr/V2;
+//Part (i)
+Pf = 0.8;//lagging
+theta = acos(Pf);
+V_reg1 = (I*Rs2*cos(theta)+I*Xs2*sin(theta))/V2*100;
+//Part (ii):
+Pf = 1;
+theta = acos(Pf);
+V_reg2 = (I*Rs2*cos(theta)+I*Xs2*sin(theta))/V2*100;
+//Part (iii)
+Pf = 0.8;//leading
+theta = acos(Pf);
+V_reg3 = (I*Rs2*cos(theta)-I*Xs2*sin(theta))/V2*100;
+mprintf('Voltage regulation on full load at p.f of (i): 0.8 lagging = %0.3f %%\n(ii): unity = %0.4f %%\n(iii): 0.8 leading = %0.3f %%',V_reg1,V_reg2,V_reg3);
+
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.22/Result13_22.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.22/Result13_22.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..96b41de8e --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.22/Result13_22.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Voltage regulation on full load at p.f of (i): 0.8 lagging = 3.724 %
+(ii): unity = 1.2655 %
+(iii): 0.8 leading = -1.699 %
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.23/Example13_23.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.23/Example13_23.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..3c137ec68 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.23/Example13_23.sce @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +close();
+clear;
+clc;
+//high voltage winding ratio 'R1', leakage reactance 'X1', low voltage winding resistance 'R2', low voltage leakage resistance 'X2'
+X2 = 0.042; //ohm
+V1 = 2400; //V
+V2 = 120; //V
+X1 = 0.22; //ohm
+R1 = 0.1; //ohm
+R2 = 0.035; //ohm
+a = V1/V2;
+P = 30*10^3; //VA
+//resistance referred to HV winding 'R1_'
+R1_ = R1 + (a^2)*R2; //ohm
+//leakage reactance referred to HV side 'X1_'
+X1_ = X1 + (a^2)*X2; //ohm
+//impedance referred to HV side 'Z_'
+Z_ = sqrt(R1_^2 + X1_^2); //ohm
+//primary full load current 'I1'
+I1 = P/V1; //A
+//total copper loss 'Pc'
+Pc = (I1^2)*Z_;
+mprintf("Equivalent winding resistance = %0.1f ohm\n\n",R1_);
+mprintf("Impedance referred to high voltage side = %0.3f ohm\n\n",Z_);
+mprintf("Total copper loss of transformer = %0.4f kW",Pc/1000);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.23/Result13_23.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.23/Result13_23.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e20709cea --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.23/Result13_23.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +Equivalent winding resistance = 14.1 ohm
+
+Impedance referred to high voltage side = 22.102 ohm
+
+Total copper loss of transformer = 3.4534 kW
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.3/Example13_3.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.3/Example13_3.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..522947cd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.3/Example13_3.sce @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +close();
+clear;
+clc;
+//from solved example 13.1
+phic = 0.61*10^(-3); //Wb
+phi1 = 0.01*10^(-3); //Wb
+I = 10.77; //A
+N = 100; //A
+//total self inductance 'L'
+L = N*phic/I;
+mprintf("Total self-inductance, L = %0.2f mH\n\n",L*1000);
+//leakage inductance of coil 'L1'
+L1 = N*phi1/I;
+mprintf("Leakage inductance of coil, L1 = %0.3f mH",L1*1000);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.3/Result13_3.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.3/Result13_3.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b5208a9d4 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.3/Result13_3.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +Total self-inductance, L = 5.66 mH
+
+Leakage inductance of coil, L1 = 0.093 mH
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.5/Example13_5.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.5/Example13_5.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5bce8e613 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.5/Example13_5.sce @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +close();
+clear;
+clc;
+//operating voltage 'V', operatinf frequency 'f' of transformer, core flux 'phi'
+phi = 4.13 * 10^(-3); //Wb
+f = 60; //Hz
+E1 = 110; //V
+//number of turns on primary
+N1 = E1/(4.44*phi*f);
+mprintf("Required number of turns on primary, N1 = %d",round(N1));
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.5/Result13_5.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.5/Result13_5.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..5e263e25c --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.5/Result13_5.txt @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +Required number of turns on primary, N1 = 100
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.6/Example13_6.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.6/Example13_6.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d9db22ba2 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.6/Example13_6.sce @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +//Input Power Pi, Primary current I1, Primary winding resistance R1
+//Primary terminal voltage V1
+close();
+clear;
+clc;
+Pi = 75;//W
+I1 = 1.5;//A
+V1 = 120;//V
+R1 = 0.4;//ohm
+Pc = Pi - I1^2*R1;
+Pfo = Pi/(V1*I1);
+mprintf('Core loss, Pc = %0.1f W\nNo-load power factor = %0.3f lagging',Pc,Pfo);
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.6/Result13_6.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.6/Result13_6.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..8732f47a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.6/Result13_6.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Core loss, Pc = 74.1 W
+No-load power factor = 0.417 lagging
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.7/Example13_7.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.7/Example13_7.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..873fdbbd6 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.7/Example13_7.sce @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +close();
+clear;
+clc;
+//from solved example 13.6
+V = 120; //V
+Pc = 75; //W
+Rc = V^2/Pc;
+I = 1.5; //A
+pf = 0.417;
+Im = sqrt(I^2 - (I*pf)^2); //A
+Ic = V/Rc; //A
+Xm = V/Im; //ohm
+mprintf("Rc = %d ohm\nXm = %d ohm",Rc,Xm);
diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.7/Result13_7.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.7/Result13_7.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2819fbc64 --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.7/Result13_7.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Rc = 192 ohm
+Xm = 88 ohm
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.8/Example13_8.sce b/147/CH13/EX13.8/Example13_8.sce new file mode 100644 index 000000000..571864d8c --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.8/Example13_8.sce @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +//Rated Power Pr, Resistance of primary winding R1,Resistance of secondary winding R2
+//Primary leakage reactance X1, Secondary leakage reactance X2
+//Magnetizing reactance Xm, Resistance accounting for core loss Rc
+//Secondary terminal voltage V2
+close();
+clear;
+clc;
+Po = 150;//kVA
+R1 = 0.2;//ohm
+R2 = 2/1000;
+X1 = 0.45;//ohm
+X2 = 4.5/1000;
+Rc = 10000;
+Xm = 1550;
+V2 = 240;
+a = 10;
+Pf = 0.8;
+theta2 = -acos(Pf);
+I2r = Po*1000/V2;
+I2 = I2r*cos(theta2)+I2r*sin(theta2)*%i;
+E1 = a*V2+ I2/a*(R1+%i*X1);
+E1r = polar(E1);
+E1_arg = atan(imag(E1),real(E1))*180/%pi;
+Im = E1/(%i*Xm);
+Ic = E1/Rc;
+Icr = polar(Ic);
+Io = Ic+Im;
+I1 = Io+I2/a;
+I1r = polar(I1);
+I1_arg = atan(imag(I1),real(I1))*180/%pi;
+V1 = E1 + I1*(R1+%i*X1);
+V1r = polar(V1);
+V1_arg = atan(imag(V1),real(V1))*180/%pi;
+per_regulation = (V1r - a*V2)/(a*V2)*100;
+output = Po*1000*Pf;
+losses = I1r^2*R1+Icr^2*Rc+I2r^2*R2;
+n = output/(output+losses)*100;
+mprintf('Voltage regulation = %0.1f %%\nEfficiency = %0.1f %%',per_regulation,n);
diff --git a/147/CH13/EX13.8/Result13_8.txt b/147/CH13/EX13.8/Result13_8.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11e48b5da --- /dev/null +++ b/147/CH13/EX13.8/Result13_8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Voltage regulation = 2.3 %
+Efficiency = 98.2 %
\ No newline at end of file |